AS 


THE   DRUGGIST'S 

GENERAL   RECEIPT  BOOK 

COMPRISING    A    COPIOUS 

VETERINARY  FORMTTLARY 

NUMEROUS   KECIPES   IM 

PATENT  AND  PJ:iOPRIETARY  MEDICINES 

druggists'  nostrums,  etc. 

PERFUMERY  AND   COSMETICS 

BEVERAGES,    DIETETIC    ARTICLES,    AND    CONDIMENTS 

Trade  Chemicals,  Scientific  Processes 

AND  AN  APPENDIX  OF  USEFUL  TABLES 
BY 

HENRY    BEASLEY 


fiigljt^  febitton 


PHILADELPHIA 
LINDSAY    AND    BLAKISTON 

1878 


THE  GETTY  CENTER 
LfBRARY 


PREFACE 


It  was  the  aim  of  the  original  compiler  of  '  The 
Druggists'  G-eneral  Receipt  Book '  to  collect 
from  various  aud  widely  scattered  sources,  and  to 
condense  into  a  volume  of  small  size  and  conve- 
nient arrangement,  a  considerable  amount  of 
information  that  might  be  useful  to  Chemists  and 
Druggists. 

In  the  present  volume  the  endeavour  has  been 
made  to  adhere  to  this  design,  and  to  keep  the 
work  abreast  with  the  requirements  of  the 
Chemist  and  Druggist,  by  the  addition  of  such 
new  forms,  receipts,  and  processes  as  have  sprung 
into  existence  since  the  publication  of  the  last 
edition. 

The  Veterinary  Materia  Medica  has  been  care- 
fully revised  and  enlarged ;  whilst  in  the  photo- 
graphic division,  obsolete  matter  has  been  sup- 
planted by  the  latest  and  most  approved  formula?. 

London;  July,  1878. 


CONTENTS 


Page 

Veterinary  Materia  Medica 

1 

Veterinary  Formulary 

44 

Medicines  for  Horses 

44 

Balls  aud  Ball  Masses    . 

41 

Electuaries,  Confections,  &c. 

61 

Powders                ..... 

.       63 

Liquid  Medicines — Drenches 

.      67 

Tinctures,  Solutions,  &e. 

80 

Clysters  ..... 

81 

External  Applications — Liniments 

83 

Embrocations,  various 

88 

•           Lotions,  or  Washes     . 

89 

Caustics           .... 

93 

Fomentations 

94 

Eye  Waters    .... 

95 

Sundry  Solutions 

96 

Poultices          .... 

98 

Ointments       .... 

100 

Charges           .              .              .              .              . 

110 

Powders  (for  outward  use)     . 

111 

Medicines  for  Cattle           .             .             ,             . 

113 

Drenches,  &c.      .... 

113 

for  the  Foot-and-MoutU  Disease 

121 

for  the  Cattle  Phiirue 

125 

VUl 


CONTENTS 


Page 

Drenclies  for  Calves       ....  127 

External  Applications — Lotions             .             .  129 
Eye  Waters    .             .             .             •             .131 

Embrocations  and  Liniments               .              .  131 

Ointments,  &e.            ....  132 

Medicines  for  Sheep  and  Lambs    .             .             .  136 

Drenches,  &c.     .....  136 

External  Applications — Eye  Waters      .             .  141 

Washes  .  .  .  •  .141 

Powders  and  Ointments          .             .             •  142 

Medicines  for  Swine             ....  146 

Medicines  for  Dogs               ....  148 

External  Applications      ....  156 

Medicines  for  Poultry  and  Rabbits              .              .  101 
Patent  and  Peopeietaet  Medicines,  DEuaaiSTs' 

NOSTEUMS,  &c.            .....  164 

Eactitious  Mineral  Waters,  and  Salts  for  pro- 
ducing them  .....  201 

Peeffmeey      ...•••  211 
Distilled  Waters    .             .             .             •             .211 

Spirituous  Waters,  Eaux,  Esprits               .              .  212 

Tinctures  used  in  Perfumery         .             .             .  218 

Extraits,  Essences              ....  219 

Common  French  Essences,  Spirits  and  Waters     .  222 

Ammoniated  Perfumes      ....  223 

Acetic  Perfumes     .....  224 

Pot  Pourri,  Scented  Powders,  &c.              .             .  226 

Pastiles      ...••-  228 

Cosmetics       ....••  231 

Skin  Cosmetics — Lotions  ....  231 

Pastes,  Pomades,  Cold  Cream,  &c.             .             .  232 

Face  Paints            .             .             .             •             •  236 
Toilet  Soaps            .             .             •             •             .238 

Shaving  Compounds          ....  240 


CONTENTS 


XI 


Hair  Cosmetics 

Compounds  to  promote  the  Growth  of  the  Hair 
Liquid  ditto 

Poinatums,  Lotions,  for  embellishing  the  Hair,  &e 
Huiles  Antiques     . 
Washes  for  Cleansing  the  Hair     . 
Compounds  for  Stiffening  the  Hair 
Hair  Dyes 

Depilatories  ... 

Teeth  and  Mouth  Cosmetics 
Tooth  Povvders 
Tooth  Pastes 

Astringent  Tinctures — Mouth  washes 
Tinctures,  &c.,  for  Toothache 
Pastes  for  Toothache 
Cements  for  Stopping  Teeth,  &c. 
Beveeages,  Dietetic  Articles,  and  Condiments 
Beverages,  and  Powders  for  preparing  them 
Dietetic  Articles — Directions  for  using 
Preparations  of  Cod-liver 
Condiments,  &c.     . 

Curry  Powders,  Mixed  Spices,  &c. 
Culinary  Essences,  Tinctures,  &c. 
Culinary  Vinegars,  Sauces,  &c. 
Pickles   .... 
Trade  Chemicals  ;  Miscellaneous  Preparations,  Pro- 
cesses and  Compounds  used  in  the  Arts,  in  Domestic 
Economy,  Chemical  Research  and  Recreation,  &c.  . 
Appendix. 

Tables  of  Weights  and  Measures 

Comparison  of  Tliermometric  Scales 

Effects  of  Temperature 

Specific  Gravities 

Table  of  Chemical  Equivalents 


241 
241 
243 
245 
248 
250 
251 
252 
255 
256 
256 
260 
262 
265 
266 
266 
270 
270 
278 
292 
293 
293 
295 
297 
300 


304 

4G7 
472 
473 
474 
476 


CONTENTS 


Page 


Table  of  Composition,  Equivalent  numbers,  nnd 
Formulas  of  some  of  the  more  important  Com- 
pounds employed  in  Pharmacy  and  the  Arts     477 

Table  of  Neutralizing  Proportions,  &c.      .         .     481 

Table  of  the  Relations  between  the  principal 
Areometers  for  liquids  lighter  than  water     .     482 

Specific  Gravities  corresponding  with  the   de- 
grees   of    Baume's    Areometer    for    liquids 
lieavier  than  water     ....     483 
Index 435 


VETEEINAEY 
MATEEIA    MEDICA 


Table  of  the  Properties  and  Doses  of  the  Principal  Medi- 
cinal Substances  used  in  Veterinary  Practice. 


N.B. — Where  the  doses  are  given  without  mentioning  the 
animal  intended,  it  must  always  be  understood  to  refer  to 
the  Horse. 


Acacia.     See  Gum  Arabic. 

Acetate  of  Ammonia  Solution.  Spirit  of  Mindererus. 
Diaphoretic  and  diuretic.  It  is  also  regarded  as  antiseptic. 
Dose,  for  horses  and  cattle,  from  5  to  10  oz.  For  smaller 
animals,  from  5  to  10  dr.  Externally,  in  strains,  ophthal- 
mia, &c. 

Acetate  of  Copper.     See  Verdigris  and  Copper. 

Acetate  of  Lead.  Astringent  and  sedative ;  in  doses  of  30 
to  40  grains  with  opium,  in  internal  hemorrhage,  chronic 
diabetes,  and  diarrhoea ;  but  chiefly  used  externally,  in 
cooling  lotions,  eye-waters,  ointments,  &c.  (For  Diacetate 
of  Lead,  see  Goulard's  Extract.)  As  antidotes  for  an 
overdose,  give  Epsom  or  Glauber's  Salts,  with  opiates  if 
required. 

Acetate  of  Potasii.  Diuretic  and  cooling ;  dose  for  horses 
and  cattle,  2  oz.  In  much  larger  doses  it  is  a  laxative, 
but  not  to  be  depended  on. 

Acetate  of  Soda.  Similar  in  properties  and  uses  to  Ace- 
tate of  Potash. 

Acetic  Acid.  Strong  acetic  (or  pyroligneous)  acid  acts  as 
a  rubefacient  and  caustic,  but  is  rarely  employed  for  thia 

1 


is  TETERI]S'AET   MATERIA   MEDICA 

purpose.  Ill  the  weaker  forms  of  coimnon  or  distilled 
Aiiiefrar,  or  diluted  wood  vinegar,  it  is  frequently  used. 
See  Vinegar. 

Acids.  See  Miu-iatic  Acid,  Nitric  Acid,  Prussic  Acid,  Sul- 
phuric Acid,  &c. 

AcFPrNCTrEATio:^.  Used  in  some  spasmodic  and  paralytic 
affections. 

iEGYPTiAcrir.  A  preparation  of  verdigris  and  honey.  A 
mild  caustic,  used  as  a  local  application  to  ulcers  of  the 
mouth,  running  tlu-ush,  grease,  &c.     Internally  poisonous. 

.SJtheb.     See  Ether. 

Alcohol.  Poisonous  to  all  animals — 2  drachms  will  kill  a 
dog.     See  Spirits,  Ai-dent. 

Allspice.  Pimento.  A  useful  stimulant  and  carminative ; 
used  in  cordial  baUs  and  di-inks,  and  to  correct  the  action 
of  purgatives.  Dose  for  horses,  2  to  4  dr. ;  cattle,  J  oz.  to 
1  oz.     Dose  of  the  Tincture,  4  ounces,  in  gripes. 

Aloes.  Tlie  most  valuable  pm-gative  for  the  horse,  but  not 
to  bo  depended  on  for  cattle  and  sheep.  A  horse  recpures 
from  4  to  8  dr.  of  Barbadoes  aloes,  from  5  to  9  dr.  of 
Socotrine,  and  from  6  to  10  of  Cape.  ilr.  Youatt  says  3 
dr.  of  Barbadoes  are  equal  to  4  of  Cape  aloes.  Mr.  Mortoj^' 
considers  a  mixture  of  equal  parfs  of  Cape  and  Barbadoes 
aloes  to  be  quite  as  eificacious  as  the  latter  alone.  But  the 
fine  gourd  Barbadoes  aloes  are  the  most  certain  in  their 
operation.  If  the  animal  be  prepared  by  previous  mashes, 
5  dr.  are  generally,  and  6  dr.  almost  always,  sufRcieiit. 
Mr.  Blaine  recommends  2  dr.  every  6  houi-s  till  8  dr. 
have  been  taken,  as  a  nauseant  and  purgative ;  but  Mr. 
Youatt  strong  disapproves  of  tliis  plaiC  particularly  in 
inflammation  of  tlie  lungs.  Aloes  require  from  18  to  36 
hours  to  produce  their  effect,  during  which  time  the  horse 
should  not  lie  ridden  far  or  fast.  Though  not  to  be  de- 
pended on  for  cattle,  4  to  6  dr.  are  sometimes  added  to  the 
purgative  salts.  Large  doses  (in  some  cases  sufficient  to 
destroy  life)  have  been  given  to  sheep  without  purging. 
Small  dogs  require  from  15  to  30  gr. ;  medium-sized  ones, 
a  dr. ;  some  larger  ones  require  2  dr.,  or  more.  Hogs  can 
bear  but  a  few  grains.  Externally,  in  the  form  of  tinc- 
ture, aloes  is  used  as  a  stimulating  application  to  wounds. 
Mr.  FiXLAY  Drx  says :  "  Tlie  administration  of  aloes  should 


VETEBES'ART   MATERIA   MEDICA  3 

be  avoided  in  cases  of  irritation  or  inflammation  of  any  part 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  in  piles  or  liajniorrliage  from  the 
rectum.  In  bronchitis  and  other  inflammatory  affections  of 
the  mucous  membranes,  and  in  inflammation  of  the  kidneys, 
it  must  be  used  with  great  caution,  and  in  very  small  doses, 
for  in  such  cases  the  intestinal  mucous  membrane  is 
usually  irritable,  and  superpurgation  and  inflammation  are 
readily  mduced.  Dm-ing  pregnancy,  both  in  the  mare  and 
the  bitch,  the  violent  operation  of  aloes  must  be  carefully 
avoided.  Some  practitioners  give  it  both  to  foals  and 
calves,  but  for  young  animals,  linseed  oil  or  castor  oil  is 
more  suitable.'' 

Alum.  Astringent  and  styptic.  Given  in  doses  of  2  to  4 
dr.  to  horses  in  diabetes  and  diarrhoea;  but  Bouegelat 
says  that  its  too  frequent  use  induces  a  phthisical  condi- 
tion. A  dose  of  alum  whey,  consisthig  of  2  dr.  of  the 
powder  in  a  pint  of  hot  milk,  may  be  given  after  excessive 
purging.  Cattle  require  from  2  to  6  or  8  di'aehms  in 
diabetes  and  red  water ;  and  from  2  to  4  oz.  are  given  to 
cows  to  dry  their  milk.  To  calves  and  lambs  it  is  given 
in  dr.  doses,  in  warm  milk,  for  diarrhoea,  &c.  Dogs,  10  to 
15  gr.  Externally  it  is  aj^plied  to  cracked  and  greasy 
heels,  joint  wounds,  sore  mouths,  inflammation  of  the  eye, 
chronic  discharges  from  the  nostrils,  and  to  arrest  bleeding 
from  wounds.  Burnt  alum  is  more  powerful,  and  is  used 
as  a  mild  caustic,  mixed  with  honey,  to  fungoiis  growths, 
sore  mouths,  &c. 

Alteeatites.  Medicines  which,  without  producing  any 
considerable  or  immediate  sensible  operation,  and  without 
interfermg  with  food  or  work,  effect  a  slow  change  in  the 
diseased  action  of  certain  parts,  so  as  gradually  to  restore 
a  healthy  state. 

Ammoxia,  Caebonate  oe  SESQriCAEBOXATE  OF.  Volatile 
Salts.  Stimulant  and  antacid.  Dose  1  dr.  to  2  dr. 
[MoiEorD  says  from  2  to  8  dr.]  to  horses  in  tympanitis, 
and  the  last  stage  of  pneumonia.  To  cattle,  in  hoven 
(distension  from  the  fermentation  of  green  food),  1  to  4 
dr.  [MoiEOUD  says  to  12  dr.].  The  solution  of  carbonate 
of  ammonia  has  the  same  properties  as  the  spirit  of  harts- 
horn, which  see. 


4  TETEBiNARir   MAtEElA   MEDtCA 

Ammonia,   Aeojiatic   Spieit   of.      Properties  as  the  last. 

Dose  i  oz.  to  1  oz. ;  or  to  cattle  in  liovcn,  2  to  4  oz. 
Ammonia,    Liquid.     NV^ater   of   ammonia  is  more  pungent 
and   stimulant   than    the    carhonate,  and    is  used  for  the 
same    purposes,    particularly    in    tympanitis    and    hoven, 
largely  diluted  with  water  or  some  aromatic  infusion ;  but 
it  is  ciiiefly  used  extenially  in  stimulating  liniments ;  also 
both  internally  and  outwardly  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite  of 
vipers.     The  dose  of  common  water  of  ammonia  may  be 
from  2  to  6  dr. ;  or  for  cattle  to  2  omices  diluted.     For 
small  animals  from  i  <lr-  to  li  dr.  diluted.    The  vapour  from 
the  liquid  ammonia  (applied  by  holding  an  open  bottle  con- 
taining it,  to  the  eye)  is  used  for  the  relief  of  amaurosis 
and  other  chronic  affections  of  the  eye. 
Ammonia,  Acetate  of.     See  Acetate  of  Ammonia. 
Ammonia,  Mueiate  of.     See  Muriate  of  Ammonia. 
Ammoniacum,  Gum.     In  properties  this  gum  resin  is  very 
similar  to  Assafcetida,  but  not  quite  so  active.     It  is  occa- 
sionally used  for  the  same  purposes,  and  as  a  constituent 
of  various  charges  and  plasters.     Dose,  for  a  horse,  2  to  4 
dr.     Cattle,  2  to  4  dr.     Sheep,  4  to  1|  di-.     Pig,  i  to  1^ 
di-.     Dog,  10  to  20  grains. 
Anaxeptics.     Medicines  or   food   which   restore   exhausted 

strength. 
Angeiica.     The   root   in   powder  or  infusion,   is   a   warm 

tonic.  Dose,  I  oz.  to  2  oz. 
Aniseed.  This  warm  seed  is  used  as  a  cordial,  carminative, 
and  pectoral.  Dose,  for  the  horse,  ^  oz.  to  1  oz. ;  or  i  dr. 
of  the  essential  oil.  The  latter  is  often  added  to  pur- 
gatives to  prevent  griping.  Cattle  take  1  to  2  oz.  of  the 
powdered  seeds.  The  oil  is  said  to  be  poisonous  to  pigeons. 
Anodynes.     Medicines    which    alleviate    pain.     Opium    is 

chiefly  employed  for  this  purpose. 
Antimoxials.  Tlie  preparations  of  antimony  (besides  their 
effect  in  pioduciug  vomiting  in  carnivorous  animals)  are 
considered  to  have  a  special  action  on  the  skin  and  lungs. 
They  are  also  termed  resolvent,  and  purifiers  of  the  blood, 
and  are  supposed  to  be  useful  in  visceral  and  glandular 
obstructions,  farcy,  &c.  Mr.  Blaine  says  "they  lessen 
arterial  action  without  operating  very  sensibly  eitlier  in 
nauseating  the   stomach  or   greatly   rela.\ing   the   skin." 


TETEEINAEY   MATERIA   MEDICA  5 

Some  \\Titers  attribute  diuretic  efPects  to  them.  They  are 
also  said  to  promote  condition.  Pigs  are  supposed  to  fat- 
ten under  their  use.  The  principal  antimonial  preparations 
employed  in  veterinary  practice  are  mentioned  below. 

Antimont,  CRrcE.  Black  (or  sesqui-)  Sulphuret  of  Anti- 
mony.  Sulphide  of  Antimony.  Diai^horetic  and  altera- 
tive. The  levigated  (prepared  antimony)  is  to  be  preferred. 
Given  to  horses  in  doses  of  from  2  to  6  dr.,  with  nitre  and 
sulphur,  in  surfeit,  hide-bound,  and  other  skin  diseases; 
and  to  improve  the  coat.  Mr.  YorATT  says  the  dose 
should  not  exceed  4  dr.  For  cattle,  the  dose  is  sometimes 
increased  to  2  or  3  oz.  Dogs  take  from  10  to  30  grams. 
Hogs,  a  drachm  or  more,  daily. 

Antimony,  Liver  of.  Separ  Antimonii  and  Crocus  of 
Antimony  {Crocus  Metallorum)  are  occasionally  nsed  in 
veterinary  practice  ;  but  are  micortain  in  their  composition 
and  action.  Dose,  1  to  2  dr.  Mr.  Claek  says  these  com- 
pounds, and  the  glass  of  antimony,  derange  the  stomach, 
but  that  it  is  doubtful  if  they  have  any  other  effect. 

Antimony,  Calx  of.     Diaphoretic.     Dose,  2  to  4  dr. 

Antimoniax  Powdee.  Similar  to  James's  powder.  Dia- 
phoretic. In  colds,  fevers,  inflammations,  &c.  Dose,  for 
horses  or  cattle,  1  to  2  di-. ;  sN^ine,  6  grains ;  dogs,  from 
2  to  5  grains.     Less  efiicient  than  Emetic  Tartar. 

Antimony,  Precipitated  SrLPnrRET  of.  OxysxilpTiiiret  of 
Antimony.     Dose,  \  dr.  to  2  dr.  in  obstinate  skin  diseases. 

Antimony,  Taetaeised.  'Emetic  Tartar,  Tartrated  An- 
timony. Diaphoretic,  expectorant,  and  reduces  arterial 
action.  It  is  also  regarded  as  diuretic  and  febrifuge. 
Dose,  4  dr.  to  1^  dr.  in  gruel,  3  times  a  day,  in  fevers,  in 
inflammation  of  the  lungs,  and  catarrhal  affections.  To 
destroy  worms,  2  dr.  may  be  given  with  powdered  tin,  or 
some  other  mechanical  vermifuge,  fasting,  and  followed  by 
aloes ;  or  1  dr.  for  6  mornings,  followed  on  the  7th  by  a 
dose  of  physic.  Mr.  White  says  he  has  not  seen  any 
good  effect  from  it  as  a  vermifuge.  Cattle  require  from 
i  di\  to  1  dr.  Sheep  from  10  to  20  gr.  To  swine  and 
dogs  it  is  emetic  :  the  former  require  from  2  to  5  gr. ;  the 
latter,  from  1  to  3  gr.  Externally  it  produces  an  emption 
on  the  skin.     Formed  into  an  ointment  with  lard,  it  has 


6  YETEEINARY   MATEEIA   MEDICA 

been  rubbed  ou  externally  in  chest  affections,  but  is  dan- 
gerously irritant. 

Antimony,  Butter  of.  Chloride,  or  Perchloride  of  Anti- 
mony.    Used  externally  only,  as  a  caustic  in  canker,  &c. 

Antiperiodics.  Eemedies  against  those  diseases  which 
return  at  regular  intervals,  as  agues. 

Antiseptics.     Remedies  which  counteract  putrefaction. 

Antispasmodics.  Medicines  which  relieve  spasm,  as  opium, 
ether,  camphor,  ammonia,  ardent  spirits,  &c. 

Areca  Seeds.  Areea  Nut.  Betel  Nut.  The  seeds,  or 
kernels  of  the  fruit  of  the  catechu  or  betel-nut  palm. 
Astringent ;  given  for  worms,  especially  in  dogs.  For 
horses,  4  to  6  <\x\ ;  cattle,  4  to  8  dr. ;  dogs,  30  gr.  to  2 
dr.  Should  be  made  into  a  bolus.  More  effectual  in 
coarse  than  in  flue  powder. 

Arnica.  Nervine,  sedative  and  diaphoretic.  40  to  60  gr. 
of  the  powdered  plant  (the  flowers  in  preference)  have 
been  given  twice  a  day  for  paralysis,  amaurosis,  rheuma- 
tism, blows,  or  falls,  &c.  A  decoction  may  be  used  out- 
wardly as  a  fomentation  to  bruises,  wounds,  &c. 

Aristolochia.     See  Birthwort. 

Arsenic.  White  Arsenic,  or  Arsenious  Acid.  Very  poi- 
sonous to  all  animals.  In  small  doses,  tonic  and  alterative, 
— but  its  operation  requires  to  be  carefully  watched.  It 
has  been  given,  in  doses  of  2  gr.,  gradually  increased  to 
20,  in  farcy  and  glanders.  Externally,  is  a  caustic,  but 
dangerous  and  unmanageable.  Used  in  solution  to  destroy 
vermin  in  cattle  and  sheep;  but  it  is  not  free  from  danger, 
Mr.  Youatt  remarks — "  We  have  better  and  safer  tonics, 
and  better  and  safer  caustics."  The  best  antidotes  are, 
moist  hydi'ated  oxide  of  iron,  and  calcined  magnesia,  in 
very  large  quantities,  or  a  mixture  of  lime  water  and 
linseed  oil. 

Assafcetida.  Stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  expectorant. 
It  is  prescribed  in  nervous  affections  and  chronic  coughs ; 
also  in  farcy  and  worms ;  and  to  increase  the  appetite  and 
digestion.  The  dose  is  ^  dr.  to  2  dr. ;  but,  according  to 
MoiROUD,  may  be  carried  to  2  oz.  for  the  horse,  and  2  or 
3  oz.  for  horned  cattle.  Externally,  it  is  api)lied  to  indo- 
lent tumours,  &c. 

AsTRlNaENis.     Medicines   which  produce   a   more   obvious 


YETERIIirART   MATERIA  MEDICA  7 

and  cleelded  constriction  of  the  niusciTlar  fibres  than  the 
simple  tonics. 

Ateopia.  a  crystallizable  alkaloid  obtained  from  Bella- 
donna root.  A  most  potent  poison.  When  taken  inter- 
nally it  excites  the  capillary  circulation,  and  acts  as  a 
general  anodyne,  and  also  as  a  diuretic.  The  sulphate  is 
the  most  convenient  form  for  use.  The  dose,  in  bolus  or 
solution,  for  horses  or  cattle  is  1  to  2  gr. ;  for  sheep,  abovit 
^\jth  of  n  gr. ;  for  dogs,  -gj^th.  to  2\jth  of  a  gr.  One  tenth 
of  these  ([uantities  suffice  when  the  medicine  is  used  i?tib- 
cutaneously. 

Balsaais.  Natural  balsams  appear  to  act  on  the  mucous 
membrane  generally ;  but  are  chiefly  given  as  diuretics 
and  expectorants.  See  Balsam  of  Canada,  Copaiva,  Peru,  &c. 

Balsam  of  Canada.     Diuretic.     Dose,  |  oz.  to  1  oz. 

Balsam  of  Copaiya.  As  a  diuretic  to  horses,  i  oz.  to  1  oz. ; 
as  an  e.xpectorant  in  chronic  coughs,  1  or  2  dr.  For  dogs, 
I  di".  to  1  dr. 

Balsam,  Fkyae's.  Comp.  Tincture  of  Benzoin.  It  is  some- 
times given  in  ^-oz.  doses  to  horses,  in  chronic  cough, 
mixed  with  yolk  of  cg^,  gruel,  or  linseed  tea.  But  more 
freqiiently  applied  to  wounds,  indolent  ulcers,  &c. 

Balsam  of  Locatelli.     Dose,  -3-  oz.  in  old  coughs. 

Balsam  of  Tolu,  and  of  Pebit.  2  dr.  in  old  coughs ;  but 
too  expensive. 

Balsam  of  Sulphur.  A  stimulating  ex]iectorant  in  old 
coughs,  in  doses  of  |  oz.  to  1  oz.  Sometimes  used  as  an 
outward  application. 

Baebadoes  Tae.  Stimulant,  diuretic,  and  expectorant. 
Dose,  1  to  4  dr.  or  more  [2  to  4  ounces — Moeton],  in  old 
coughs  and  chronic  chest  affections.  Externally  in  skin 
diseases,  wounds,  grease,  &c. 

Bark  Peruvian.  Tonic,  astringent,  antiseptic,  and  anti- 
periodic.  Dose,  for  a  horse,  6  or  8  dr.  [to  2  or  3  oz. — 
Moieoud]  in  diabetes,  general  weakness,  a  tendency  to 
gangrene,  &c.  To  small  animals,  1  or  2  dr.  Applied  also 
to  indolent  and  foul  ulcers. 

Baeley.  The  decoction  (of  Scotch  or  pearled  barley  in  pre- 
ference) is  given  as  an  emollient,  demulcent,  or  diluent 
drink  in  inflammatory  diseases ;  more  freipiently  as  a 
vehicle  for  more  active  remedies. 


8  TETEEIKAET   MATEEIA   MEDICA 

Baetta.  All  its  compounds  are  poisonous.  The  follo-n4ng 
closes  have  been  given  in  farcy  and  glanders : — Cliloride  of 
Barium,  20  gr.  gradually  increased  to  60;  pure  baryta, 
10  to  20  gr. ;  carbonate  1  to  4  gr.  A  dog  was  killed  by 
15  gr. 

Basilicon,  Yellow  and  Black.  Resin  Cerate.  See  Vet. 
Formulary  (Digestive  Ointments). 

Bat  Bekeies.  Stomachic  and  carminative.  An  ingredient 
in  diapente,  but  rarely  given  alone.  Dose  of  the  powdered 
ben-ies,  h,  oz.,  or  of  the  oil  of  bays,  ^  di'.  to  a  dr.  The 
leaves  are  iised  in  fomentations. 

Belladonna.  Deadly  Nightshade.  Narcotic  and  sedative. 
Dose  of  the  extract  from  1  to  4  di-.  in  diseases  where 
there  is  undue  action  of  the  nervous  and  vascular  systems 
[Mayoe].  M.  Moieoud  directs  from  6  to  8  dr.  of  the 
powder.  For  dogs,  from  2  to  8  gr.  of  the  powder.  The 
extract  is  also  applied  to  the  eye,  to  dilate  the  pupil. 

Bennet,  Heeb.  Avens.  Tonic  and  astringent.  Dose,  of 
the  powdered  root,  \  oz.  to  1  oz.  or  more. 

Benzoin.  Stimulant  and  expectorant.  Dose,  1  to  3  dr. 
But  seldom  used.  Externally  it  is  applied,  in  balsamic 
tinctures,  to  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.     See  Tinctm-e  of  Benzoin. 

BiETHTVOET.  A  gentle  stimulant,  supposed  to  act  especially 
-  on  the  uterine  system.  Dose,  ^  oz.  It  is  given  to  cows  in 
cleansing  drinks,  but  it  is  of  doubtful  utility. 

BiSTOET  Root.  Astringent.  Dose,  4  to  8  dr.  [or  2  oz., 
Moieotjd].  The  decoction  is  used  also  as  an  astringent 
and  cleansing  lotion. 

BiTTEE-SwEET.  Dulcamara.  Diui'etic,  narcotic,  and  alter- 
ative.    Dose,  5  oz.  in  decoction. 

BiTTEE  Apple.     See  Colocynth. 

Bleeding.  The  quantity  of  blood  usually  extracted  from 
the  horse  is  from  2  to  4,  or,  in  some  cases,  6  to  8  quarts  ; 
or  until  faintness  is  prodiiced.  From  cattle,  from  2  to  6 
quarts,  or  till  faint.  Sheep,  16  oz.  Lambs,  4  oz. 
Dogs  in  the  proportion  of  1  oz.  for  every  3  ft  weight. 
[Or  1  or  2  oz.  from  a  very  small  dog ;  7  or  8  oz.  from  a 
larger  one. — Mr.  Youatt.] 

Blisteeing  Fly.  See  Cantharides.  Blisters  are  applied 
in  the  form  of  ointments,  or  liniments,  to  excite  super- 
ficial inflammation,  followed  by  vesication  j    and  are  in- 


TETEEINAEY   MATEEIA   MEDICA  9 

tended  to  draw  away  inflammatory  action  from  more 
deeply  seated  but  not  distant  parts.  Also  to  excite  the 
action  of  the  absorbents,  and  to  promote  suppuration. 
See  Blistering  Ointment,  and  Liquid  Blister,  in  the  For- 
mulary. 

Blue  Vitbol.     See  Copper,  Sulphate  of. 

Bole,  Armenian.  Slightly  astringent,  and  absorbent. 
Dose,  I  oz.  to  2  oz.  in  diarrhoea,  bloody  urhie,  &c.  A 
common  ingredient  in  drenches  to  dry  the  milk  of  cows. 
Dose,  1  to  3  oz.  It  is  also  used  outwardly  as  an  astringent 
and  desiccative. 

Borage.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  is  pectoral  and  de- 
mulcent. 

Borax.  Detergent.  Applied  to  sore  mouths,  mixed  with 
honey.  It  is  supposed  to  be  a  iiterine  stimulant,  but  is 
not  often  used  in  veterinary  practice  as  an  internal 
remedy.     It  is  a  useful  antiseptic. 

Box  Leaves.  They  are  given,  chopped  with  corn,  as  a 
vermifuge.  They  are  also  used  as  a  preventive  of  hydro- 
phobia. "  (See  the  Vet.  Formulary,  and  "  Hydrophobia  "  in 
the  Index.)  The  rasped  wood  is  considered  sudorific,  and 
prescribed  in  rheumatic  and  skin  diseases,  and  even  in  farcy 
and  glanders. 

Bran.  Mucilaginous,  and  slightly  laxative :  given  in 
mashes. 

Brandy.     See  Spirits,  Ardent. 

Briont.  White  briony  root  is  poisonous,  f  oz.  killed  a 
dog. 

Bromine.  Poisonous.  5  gr.  killed  a  dog.  Its  medical  use 
is  not  well  ascertamed,  Ijut  aj^pears  analogous  to  that  of 
iodine. 

Broom.  The  Spanish  broom,  and  particularly  the  seeds, 
are  supposed  to  produce  inflammation  of  the  bladder  in 
sheep  and  cattle. 

BucKBEAN.  A  bitter  tonic  and  purgative.  The  powdered 
plant  has  been  given  to  sheep  for  rot,  in  1-dr.  doses. — 
[Dr.  Paris.] 

Buckwheat.     Slightly  laxative,  but  chiefly  used  to  fatten 

poultry. 
Buckthorn.     Purgative ;  principally  administered  to  dogs. 
Dose  of  the  juice^  2  or  3  dr. ;  but  it  is  usually  given  in 


10  TETEEINAKY   MATERIA   MEDICA 

the  form  of  Syrup.  (See  Medicines  for  Dogs,  No.  8.)  The 
berries  are  more  active,  but  seldom  employed. 

Burdock.  Dim-etic  and  sudorific.  Used,  but  rarely,  in 
rheumatism  and  skin  diseases. 

BrEGUNDT  Pitch.  Similar  to  resin  in  its  properties.  It 
is  chiefly  used  outwardly,  in  charges,  &c. 

Butter  of  Antimony.  Chloride,  or  FercMoride  of  Anti- 
mony.     See  Antimony,  Butter  of. 

Cabbage  Tree  Bakk.  '  Vermifuge.  Dose,  for  a  horse,  2  to 
4  dr.     But  rarely  used. 

Calamine,  or  Lapis  Calamixaris.  Native  Carbonate  of 
Zinc.  SUghtly  astringent,  drying  and  healing.  Sprinkled 
on  excoriations  and  sores ;  and  used  in  ointments,  lotions, 
eye  waters,  &c.  The  greater  part  of  what  is  sold  is  facti- 
tious, and  only  calculated  to  do  harm. 

Calamus  Aromaticus.  Sweet  flag.  A  warm  stomachic. 
Dose,  from  1  oz.  to  2  or  3  oz.  in  infusion. 

Calomel.  Alterative,  vermifuge,  sialogogue,  purgative  ;  it 
also  increases  the  action  of  dim-etics  and  diaphoretics. 
"  It  is  employed  in  almost  all  animals  in  reducing  and  con- 
trolling acute  inflammations,  and  appears  especially  ser- 
viceable in  those  affecting  the  serous  membranes,  as  in 
pleurisy,  common  and  jnierperal  peritonitis,  iritis,  and 
rheumatism." — Finlat  Dun.  Iu  doses  of  1  to  2  dr.  [20 
to  60  grains,  Youatt],  combined  with,  or  followed  by 
aloes,  it  is  given  to  horses  for  worms ;  or  from  10  to  20 
gr.  as  an  alterative,  in  skin  diseases,  grease,  farcy,  consti- 
tutional affections,  &c.  If  too  often  repeated,  it  salivates. 
It  does  not  agree  with  cattle  (see  Mercvu-y),  but  is  some- 
times given,  in  doses  of  from  10  to  20  gr.,  in  inflammation 
of  the  liver,  and  jaundice.  Some  writers  mention  much 
larger  doses.  On  dogs  it  acts  as  a  purgative,  and  often  as 
an  emetic,  and  it  is  very  apt  to  salivate.  The  same 
applies  to  swine.  Dose  for  dogs,  1  to  2  gr.  [Never 
exceeding  3. — Youatt.]  Many  dogs  are  destroyed  by 
calomel.  Hogs  require  3  to  5  gr.  Poultry  should  not 
have  more  than  a  grain,  in  di«ded  doses,  in  the  day. 

Calumba.  Tonic.  Dose  of  the  powdered  root,  from  2  to 
4  dr. 

Camphor  is  reputed  antispasmodic,  narcotic  and  diuretic. 
It  assists  the  action  of  diaphoretics ;  is  frequently  added 


VETEEINAEY  MATERIA  MEDIC  A       11 

to  fever  medicines  to  allay  irritation ;  and  is  used  as  an 
antiseptic  in  malignant  epidemics,  &c.  Mr.  Spooler  com- 
bines it  with  opium  in  cases  of  lock-jaw.  Dose,  1  or  2  dr. 
MoiEOUD  says  2  to  12  dr.  ?  Its  use  is  questionable  where 
active  inflammation  exists.  Externally  it  is  used  as  a 
discutieut  and  anodjme,  in  embrocations,  eye-waters,  &c. 
Its  vapours  are  thought  to  act  favorably  on  old  coughs. 

Canella  Baek.  a  warm  tonic.  Dose,  for  horses,  2  to  4 
di". ;  for  cattle,  2  to  6  dr. 

Canthaeides.  Stimulant  and  diuretic.  Mr.  Vines  says, 
"  Of  all  medicines  given  for  farcy  and  glanders  none 
equal  cantharides  ;"  but  they  should  not  be  given  too 
early,  nor  without  due  caution.  [Mr.  Blaine.]  Dose,  in 
debility,  3  to  5  gr.  ;  in  dropsy,  farcy,  and  glanders,  5  to 
8  gr.  daily,  gradually  increasmg  the  dose  to  15  grs. ;  sus- 
pending their  use  for  a  time  when  their  diuretic  effect  is 
manifest.  Of  the  tmctm'e,  2  to  3  di*.  in  incontinence  of 
urine  ;  and  from  ^  oz.  to  2  oz.  in  red  water.  The  practice 
of  giving  cantharides  as  a  venereal  stimulant  is  reprobated 
by  the  best  authorities.  Externally  it  is  vised  in  blistering 
and  stimulating  ointments  and  liniments.  It  does  not 
permanently  blemish,  but  this  effect  is  often  produced 
by  other  ingredients  combined  with  it  in  blistering  oint- 
ments. 

Capsicum:.  Cayenne  pepper.  A  hot  stimulant.  From  10 
to  20  grs.  may  be  given  in  weakness  of  the  stomach,  and 
from  20  to  60  grs.  in  flatulent  colic,  or  m  severe  colds. 
It  is  also  used  externally  as  a  stimulant. 

Caebolic  Acid.  Internally,  in  excessive  doses,  it  is  an 
irritant  poison.  Occasionally  it  is  administered  in  medi- 
cinal doses  for  worms ;  also  given  to  dogs  to  stop 
vomiting.  JExternally. — Caustic,  disinfectant,  astringent, 
and  styptic.  Used  in  canker  and  thrush  in  the  foot  of  the 
horse,  and  for  foot-rot  in  sheep.  Said  to  render  inert  the 
virus  of  cholera,  cattle  plague,  and  other  contagious  dis- 
eases. For  horses,  of  the  fluid  acid  20  to  80  minims ; 
cattle,  the  same;  sheep,  5  to  15  minims;  pig,  5  to  15 
minims ;  dog,  1  to  5  minims,  dissolved  in  dilute  spirit  of 
wine,  or  made  into  a  bolus  with  linseed  meal  or  common 
mass,     Wlieu  used  externally  as  a  caustic,  it  is  applied 


12  VETEEINAET   MATERIA   MEDICA 

luidiluted ;  for  other  purposes  it  may  be  used  in  the  form 
of  lotion,  liniment,  or  ointment. 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia ;  Carbonate  of  potash;  and  car- 
bonate of  soda.  See  Ammonia,  carbonate ;  potash,  carbo- 
nate ;  soda,  carbonate. 

Caraway  Seeds.  Carminative  and  stomachic.  Dose,  i 
oz.  to  1  oz. ;  or  double  that  quantity  to  cattle.  Used  in 
cordial  balls  and  drenches  ;  and  often  added  to  purgatives, 
to  prevent  griping.  The  essential  oil  is  used  for  the 
same  purposes,  in  doses  of  10  to  30  drops.  Mr.  Youatt 
considers  caraway  and  ginger  the  only  cordials  required 
for  the  horse. 

Cardamom  Seeds.     Carminative.     Dose,  1  to  4  dr. 

Carminatives  are  stimulants  which  by  their  rapid  impres- 
sion on  the  stomach,  &c.,  occasion  the  expulsion  of  wind, 
and  cause  relief  fi'om  pain. 

Carrots.  Eestorative  and  alterative.  Given  to  liorses  as 
food  after  severe  ilhiesses  ;  and  in  coughs,  grease,  foul 
humours,  &c.     Externally  in  poultices. 

Cascarilla.     a  warm,  bitter  tonic.     Dose,  2  or  3  di: 

Cassia.     A  warm  stimulant.     Dose,  1  to  2  dr. 

Castor.  Antispasmodic,  i  oz.  has  been  given  in  locked 
jaw.     Earely  used. 

Castor  Oh.  Laxative.  It  is  uncertain  as  a  purgative 
for  the  horse,  and  sometimes  produces  much  irritation  in 
large  doses.  ^  pint  may  be  given,  with  watery  solution 
of  aloes,  every  six  hours  till  it  operates.  Cattle  require  a 
pound,  or  pint ;  calves,  2  to  4  oz. ;  sheep  and  swine,  I 
to  2  oz. ;  dogs,  2  to  4  dr.,  with  syrup  of  buckthorn.  The 
seeds  are  more  active ;  from  2  to  6  are  sometimes  given 
to  sw^ne  and  dogs,  crushed  and  mixed  with  food ;  but 
from  their  effects  on  man,  their  use  would  seem  to  require 
caution.  They  are  much  used  by  the  native  Indian  far- 
riers for  the  cure  of  mange. 

Catechu.  Terra  Japonica.  Astringent.  Dose  for  a  horse, 
in  diabetes,  diarrhosa,  &c.,  1  or  2  dr.  [Yofatt],  or  to 
1  oz.  [Blaine]  ;  cattle,  2  to  4  dr.  in  gruel.  [It  is  usually 
combined  with  chalk,  opium,  and  gum. — Youatt.]  Dogs 
require  from  10  to  40  gr.  In  India  it  is  said  to  be  given 
in  doses  of  2  oz.,  for  the  purpose  of  taming  vicious  horses. 
The  tinctui'e  is  useful  in  promoting  the  healing  of  womids. 


VETERINARY   MATERIA   MEDIGA  13 

Cathartics.     Purgatives  (wliich  see). 

Caustics.  Solid  or  liquid  substances  which  burn  or  destroy 
the  part  to  which  they  are  applied.  The  actual  cautery 
consists  in  burning  with  an  iron  heated  to  whiteness. 

Chalk.  Antacid  and  astringent.  Horses  require  from 
i  oz.  to  1  oz. ;  cattle,  1  or  2  oz. ;  sheep  and  swine,  1  dr. ; 
dogs,  10  to  20  gr.  It  is  often  combined  with  catechu. 
Externally  it  is  sprinkled  on  sores. 

Chamohile.  a  mild  tonic,  stomacliic,  and  febrifuge.  Dose, 
1  to  4  dr.  of  .the  powdered  flowers,  or  an  infusion  of  i  oz. 
of  the  flowers  hi  a  quart  of  water,  in  debility  of  the 
stomach,  flatulence,  and  in  the  last  stage  of  fevers,  and 
influenza.  It  is  the  first  tonic  that  should  be  used  in 
convalescence.  Ginger,  or  some  other  aromatic,  is  usually 
joined  with  it. 

Charcoal.  Antiseptic.  Used  as  an  application  to  foul 
ulcers,  either  sprinkled  on  them  or  mixed  with  poultices. 

Charges.  Compositions  of  an  adhesive  nature,  usually 
mixed  with  tow,  which  adhere  to  the  part  to  which  they 
are  applied,  for  some  time.     See  Yet.  Formulary. 

Chloral  Hydrate.  Hydrate  of  Chloral.  In  excessive 
doses  it  acts  as  a  narcotic  poison.  In  medicinal  doses  it  is 
sedative  and  antispasmodic.  It  is  said  to  possess  the  good, 
but  none  of  the  objectional  properties  of  opium.  The  dose 
for  the  horse  is  from  i  to  ^  an  ounce ;  cattle,  i  to  1  ounce  ; 
sheep,  1  to  2  drachms ;  pig,  1  to  2  drachms ;  Dog,  10  to 
30  grains. 
Chlorate  of  Potash.  Mr.  Mortok  'states  that  Mr. 
Symonds  found  it  useful  in  hoven  and  tympanitis.     Dose, 

1  to  2  dr. 

Chloride   of   Lime.     Antiseptic   and   disinfectant.     From 

2  to  4  dr.  in  a  quart  of  water,  given  to  horses  in  flatulent 
colic,  and  to  cattle  in  hoven ;  and  in  putrescent  diseases. 
Externally,  as  a  wash  for  mange,  foul  ulcers,  &c.,  and  as 
a  disinfectant,  i  oz.  to  be  well  mixed  with  a  pint  of  water, 
and  after  a  time  decanted  or  strained.  Mixed  ^  with 
linseed  meal  it  is  applied  in  the  form  of  a  poultice  to 
unhealthy  wounds  and  ulcers. 

Chloride  of  Potash.  Eau  de  Javelle.  Recommended  by 
French  authors,  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  chlorides 
of  lime  and  soda.     Dose,  for  hoven  or  tympanitis,  |  oz. 


14  TETEEI>^AET   MATEEIA   MEDICA 

to  1  oz. ;  for  sheep,  5  oz.,  in  water,  with  or  without  the 
addition  of  ether. 

Chloride  of  Soda.  Labarraque's  Disinfectant  Solution. 
The  properties  and  uses  are  the  same  as  of  cliloride  of  lime  ; 
it  is  perliaps  better  adapted  for  internal  use.  Dose,  2  to 
4  cb'.  of  the  solution,  gradually  increased  to  1  oz.  or  more, 
largely  diluted.  It  has  been  tried  in  glanders.  As  a 
lotion,  about  1  oz.  to  a  pint  of  water. 

Chloeine.  Antiseptic.  A  strong  watery  solution  of  chlo- 
rine gas  is  antiseptic— in  large  doses  poisonous.  It  is 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  chlorides  of  lime, 
potash,  and  soda,  but  the  latter  are  preferable. 

Chloride  of  Antimony.     See  Antimony,  Butter  of. 

Chloride  of  Zinc.  It  is  a  powerful  caustic.  A  diluted 
solution  is  iised  as  a  disinfectant. 

Chloroform.  Used  to  produce  insensibility  to  pain  in  the 
same  manner  as  ether ;  and  as  a  remedy  for  tetanus. 
Mixed  \^'ith  spirit  it  forms  the  spii'it  of  chloroform  of  the 
B.P.,  and  as  such  is  given  as  an  antispasmodic. 

CiNCHOXA.     See  Bark,  Peruvian. 

Cinnabar  and  Vermilion.  Native,  and  factitious  red  sul- 
pJiuret  or  sulphide  of  mercury.  Alterative  and  vermi- 
fuge ?  Dose,  ^  oz.  daily  to  horses,  in  skin  diseases  and 
obstinate  coughs.  Formerly  given  in  large  doses,  as  a 
vermifuge.  Cinnabar  of  Antimony,  so  called  from  the 
mode  of  preparation,  does  not  differ  from  common  ver- 
milion in  its  properties.  Care  must  be  taken  to  get  pure 
vermilion,  as  tliis  compound,  being  used  as  a  pigment,  is 
sometimes  adulterated  with  red  lead  and  other  poisonous 
matters. 

Cinnamon.  Stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose,  2  dr. 
Cassia  is  usually  substituted  for  it. 

Cloves.  A  hot  stimulant,  cordial  and  carminative.  Dose,  1 
to  3  drachms  in  powder ;  or  from  10  to  20  drops  of  the  oil ; 
the  latter  is  a  frequent  adjunct  to  purghig  balls,  to  prevent 
griping.     Cloves  are  also  an  ingredient  in  masticatories. 

Clysters.  These  are  injected  into  the  rectum  by  a  proper 
syringe,  or  a  bladder  and  a  pipe,  either  to  unload  the 
bowels,  abate  inflammation  and  pain,  or  to  act  on  the 
system  generally,  when  medicines  cannot  be  given  by  the 
mouth.     See  Yet.  Formulary. 


TETEEIITAET   MATEEIA   MEDICA  IS 

COLCHICUM.  Poisonous  to  most  animals.  A  diuretic  and 
drastic  purgative,  chiefly  used  in  rheumatic  affections. 
Dr.  Lemanx  found  it  useful  in  constitutional  ophthalmia, 
and  in  pneumonia,  in  doses  of  a  drachm,  t-n-ice  a  day,  with 
nitre.  According  to  M.  MoiEOrD,  the  dose  for  larger 
animals  is  from  1  to  2  dr.     For  smaller,  6  or  8  gr. 

CoLOCYNTH.  Bitter  apple.  It  has  little  effect  on  the  horse. 
It  is  purgative  to  dogs,  and  in  large  doses  poisonous. 

Confection  of  Opium.  Anodyne  and  carminative.  Dose, 
4  to  6  dr.,  in  flatulent  colic. 

Confection  of  Roses.  Slightly  astringent ;  but  only  used 
to  form  astringent  powders,  &e.,  into  balls.  Masses  formed 
with  it  retain  their  consistence  well. 

CoPAiTA.     See  Balsam  of  Copaiva. 

COPPEE.  All  the  compounds  of  this  metal  are  poisonous. 
In  small  doses  they  are  tonic.  The  antidotes  are  white  of 
eggs,  milk,  iron  filings,  or  hydrated  sulphuret  (sulphide)  of 
iron. 

CoPPEE,  Acetate  of.  Crystallized  (commonly  called  dis- 
tilled) verdiftris.  Caiistic  and  cleansing.  Stronger  than 
common  verdigris. 

CoppEE,  DiACETATE  OF.     See  Veedigeis. 

CopPEE,  DiNiODiDE  OF.  Tonic,  and  promotes  absorption. 
Dose,  1  or  2  dr.  daily,  in  farcy,  glanders,  swelled  legs,  &c., 
and  topically,  to  ill-conditioned  ulcers. 

Copper,  Nitrate  of.     Sometimes  used  as  a  caustic. 

Copper,  Sulphate  of.  Blue  Vitriol.  Tonic  and  styptic. 
In  doses  of  f  dr.  gi-adually  increased  to  2  dr.  or  more, 
daily,  it  is  given  in  diabetes,  farcy,  &c.  Small  doses  may 
be  given  in  balls  with  gentian  and  ginger ;  larger  doses  in 
gruel.  It  has  been  thought  useful  in  glanders ;  biit  Mr. 
Youatt  says  it  is  only  proper  in  nasal  discharges  with- 
out fever.  Dose  for  cattle,  1  to  2  dr.  Sheep  20"to  40  gr. 
Rabbits  (in  sniflies),  1  or  2  gr.  twice  a  day.  Externally 
the  solution  is  used  for  the  foot-rot  of  sheep :  and  as  a 
cleansing  wash  for  foul  ulcers  in  horses  and  cattle.  Used 
also  in  the  solid  state  to  destroy  proud  flesh. 

Copper,  Ammonio-Sulphate^  of.  Tonic  and  astrhigent. 
Dose,  1  to  dr.  twice  or  thrice  a  day. 

Cordials.  Warm  stimulating  medicines,  such  as  spices, 
and  the  aromatic  seeds,  fermented  liquors  and  spirits,  &c.. 


16  TETEUINARY   MATERIA   ME13ICA 

which  temporarily  restore  exhausted  strength,  revive  the 
spirits,  and  rouse  tlie  system  generally.  The  best  modern 
practitioners  condemn  their  indiscriminate  employment  as 
the  som-ce  of  much  mischief.  For  cordial  balls,  &c.,  see 
Vet.  Formulary. 
CoEiANDER  Seeds.  A  mild  aromatic  stimulant  and  car- 
minative, used  in  cordial  balls  and  drinks.     Dose,  2  oz.  to 

1  oz. 

COEEOSIVE  SrsLiMATE.  PercMoricle,  or  Bichloride  of  Mer- 
cury. One  of  the  most  Adndent  of  poisons.  In  small  doses 
it  is  alterative  and  diuretic.     It  has  been  tried  in  doses  of 

2  to  5  gr.,  gradually  increased  to  10  or  20,  in  farcy  and 
glanders,  but  rarely  with  lasting  benefit.  Externally  it  is 
used  as  a  powerful"  caustic.  A  dilute  solution  is  employed 
as  a  wash  for  scab  and  lice  in  sheep,  but  the  practice  is 
not  free  from  danger.  Applied  to  wounds  in  cattle  it  has 
proved  as  fatal  a  poison  as  when  swallowed.  The  antidote 
for  an  overdose  is  white  of  egg,  or  milk,  or  the  hydrated 
sulphuret  (sulphide)  of  iron  ;  with  demulcent  di-inks. 

CoTTOX  Wool.  Applied  to  blistered  sui-faces,  and  in  burns 
and  scalds ;  also  to  wounds,  to  protect  them  from  the 
irritating  effects  of  the  atmosphere. 

CowHAOE.     Vermifuge  ;  but  has  little  effect  on  the  horse. 

Ceeaji  of  Taetae.  Cooling,  laxative,  and  diuretic.  Sel- 
dom given  alone;  but  combined  with  autimonials,  mer- 
curials, or  sulphur,  as  an  alterative  in  skin  diseases  :  and 
used  as  an  adjimct  to  aloes  in  purging  balls.  Cattle  re- 
quire 2  to  3  oz. ;  when  given  in  larger  doses  it  should  be 
given  in  plenty  of  warm  water.  Sheep  require  \  oz.  to  1 
oz.     Dogs,  5  to  20  grains. 

Ceeasote.  Tonic,  stimulant,  and  antiseptic.  Dose,  20  to 
30  drops  daily,  in  gruel  or  linseed  tea,  in  glanders.  Ex- 
ternally in  lotions  and  ointments,  to  fistulous  wounds, 
unhealthy  ulcers,  &c. 

Crocts  of  AxTiMOxr.     See  Antimony,  Liver  of. 

Ceotox  Seeds  axd  Oil.  Purgative.  The  oil  produces 
great  irritation  in  the  horse.  Dose,  about  20  drops  :  30 
drops  have  proved  fatal.  The  powdered  seeds  and  the 
meal  or  ground  cake  left  after  expressing  the  oil,  arc  also 
used ;  3  gr.  of  the  former  and  5  of  the  latter  being  con- 
sidered equivalent  to  1  dr.  of  aloes.     It  operates  with  less 


VETEEINART    MATERIA   MEDICA  17 

certainty,  and  produces  more  debility,  tlian  aloes,  but  is 
sometimes  preferred  on  account  of  its  more  speedy  action. 
It  is  usually  given  in  the  form  of  a  ball,  20  or  30  gr. 
being  mixed  with  1  oz.  linseed  meal.  Mr.  Norton  gives 
from  12  to  24  grains  of  the  seed.  Mr.  Youatt  prescribes 
30  grains  of  the  powdered  seeds  in  a  drink,  in  tetanus  and 
brain  fever,  followed  by  smaller  doses  (10  gr.)  every  6 
hours.  It  will  purge  rapidly  when  placed  upon  the 
tongue,  but  is  then  likely  to  inflame  the  mouth.  From 
10  to  20  gr.  are  sometimes  added  to  salts  in  purging 
di-enches  for  cattle,  in  extreme  cases.  One  drop  of  the  oil 
purges  a  dog  freely. 

Cummin  Seed.  A  warm  carminative.  Dose,  from  1  to  4 
dr.  of  the  powdered  seeds ;  or  from  6  to  20  drops  of  the 
oil. 

CusPAEiA,  OR  Angustttea  Baek.  An  aromatic  bitter  tonic. 
Dose,  1  to  4  dr.  in  debility,  diabetes,  diarrhoea,  &c. 

Cusso,  Kousso.  The  flowering  panicles  of  Brayera  anthel- 
mintica.  Given  for  worms,  especially  for  tapeworm. 
The  dose  for  a  horse  is  from  -\  to  1  pound.  For  a  dog, 
from  2  to  6  drachms. 

Cyanide  of  Potassium.  It  possesses  the  same  poisonous 
and  medicinal  properties  as  prussic  acid.  Mr.  Lafore  has 
given  it  with  success  in  a  case  of  idiopathic  tetanus  of  the 
horse  J  but  it  failed  to  cm'e  traumatic  tetanus.  Dose, 
4  gr. 

Daffy's  Elixir.     Sometimes  given  in  colic  or  grijies. 

Daley's  Carminative.  Given  to  calves  in  diarrhoea. 
Dose,  \  a  bottle. 

Detergents  or  Detersives.  Kemedies  which  cleanse  foul 
ulcers. 

Diapente.  A  compound  powder,  reputed  cordial  and  sto- 
machic. Too  much  of  what  is  sold  in  the  shops  is  almost 
worthless.     Dose,  i  oz.  to  1  oz. 

Diaphoretics.     Medicines  which  promote  perspiration. 

Digestives.  Mildly  stimulating  applications,  which  excite 
healthy  action  in  indolent  ulcers,  wounds,  &c. 

Digitalis.  Fox-glove.  Sedative  and  diuretic.  It  reduces 
the  frequency  of  the  pulse  and  diminishes  irritability. 
It  is  poisonous  to  animals  generally  ;  6  gr.  will  kill  a  dog. 
It  is  asserted,  however,  that  it  produces   no  effect   on 

% 


18  YETEEINAET   MATEEIA  MEDICA 

poultry.  The  common  dose  of  the  powdered  leaves  for 
a  horse,  is  from  10  to  30  gr.  Mr.  YorATT  prescribes 
60  gr.,  with  emetic  tartar  and  nitre,  in  inflammation  of 
the  chest;  but  its  effect  on  the  pulse  must  be  carefuUy 
watched.  To  cattle,  i  dr.  to  1  ch-.  Sheep,  5  to  15  gr. 
Dogs,  1  to  2  gr.  An  infusion  of  the  leaves  is  applied  to 
inflamed  eyes. 
Diuretics.  Medicines  wliich  increase  the  flow  of  urine. 
Some  of  them,  juniper,  capivi,  squills,  broom,  &c.,  appear 
to  carry  off  water  only;  while  the  alkaline  salts  remove 
solid  matters  also,  and  thus  purify  the  blood.  Diuretics 
are  employed  to  lessen  the  quantity  of  the  circulating  fluid 
in  fevers  and  inflammations.  The  legs  of  many  horses 
cannot  be  kept  fine,  nor  the  grease  be  subdued  ^\'ithout 
the  use  of  diuretics.  Plenty  of  water  should  be  allowed 
with  them.  But  their  too  frequent  use  is  injurious. 
Doa-aEASs.  It  is  emetic  to  dogs. 
Dover's    Powder.      Sudorific    to    cattle,   in   rheumatism. 

Dose,  1  dr. 
Eggs.      Nutritive   and   demulcent.      Sometimes    given    in 
diarrhoea.     They  constitute  the  best  antidote  to  poisoning 
by  corrosive  sublimate. 
ELATEBirii.     It  has  little  effect  on  the  horse. 
Elder.      An  infusion  of  the  flowers  is   given  in  catarrhal 
complaints.     The  leaves  boiled  with  lard  form  an  emol- 
lient  ointment,  which  is  a  common  application  to   sore 
udders.     The  fresh  leaves  of  the  dwarf  elder  are  given 
(according  to  Bouegelat  and  Moiroud)  with  some  suc- 
cess as  a  deobstruent  and  aperient,  in  swelled  legs,  di-opsy, 
and  farcy. 
Elecampane.      The  root  is  reputed  stimulant,  diaphoretic, 
diuretic,  stomachic,  and  expectorant.     Dose,  4  to  8  dr.  in 
chronic  catarrh,  dropsical  swellings,  indigestion,  &c. 
Emetic  Tartar.     See  Antimony,  Tartarized. 
Emetics.     Medicines  which  excite  vomiting.      It  is  scarcely 

possible  to  produce  this  effect  in  herbivorous  animals. 
Emollients.     Medicines  which  soften  and  relax  the  tissues 

of  the  organs. 
Epsom  Salt.     A  cooling  laxative.      It  is  not  to  be  depended 
on  as  a  purgative  for  the  horse ;  but  in  doses  of  4  or  5  oz., 
in  a  large  quantity  of  water,  repeated  three  times  a  day,  it 


TETERINAKY   MATERIA   MEDICA  19 

IS  useful  as  a  laxative  and  diuretic  in  inflammatory  diseases. 
Cattle  require  from  12  to  20  oz.,  with  ginger  or  any  of  the 
warm  seeds.  It  is  sometimes  rendered  more  active  by 
aloes  or  gamboge.  Calves  require  from  1  to  2  oz.,  accord- 
ing to  their  age  and  strength.  Sheep,  ^  oz.  to  2  oz.  Dogs, 
from  1  to  3  dr.  wrapi^ed  in  tissue  paper.  A  large  eleiihant 
takes  a  pomid  and  a  half,  preceded  by  a  dr.  of  calomel. — 

YOFATT. 

Eegot  of  Rye.  Styptic  in  haemorrhages  of  the  Imigs, 
kidneys,  and  other  organs.  It  pi'omotes  parturition. 
Dose  for  a  mare,  2  or  3  di-.  A  cow,  2  dr.  repeated  at 
intervals  of  half  an  hour.  An  ewe,  20  to  40  gr.  "  Bitch, 
5  to  10  gr.  [Mr.  Spooner  says  from  2  to  4  gr.],  or  an 
infusion  of  a  scruple  given  at  three  times,  at  intervals  of 
half  an  hour.  Larger  doses  than  the  above  are  indicated 
by  M.  MoiEOUD. 

Eeehines,  Remedies  which  excite  a  discharge  from  the 
nostrils. 

EscHAEOTics.  Caustics.  Substances  which  destroy  the  sm*- 
face  to  which  they  are  applied. 

Ethee.  A  diffusible  stimulant  and  antispasmodic  ;  used 
chiefly  in  coUc.  Dose,  i  oz.  to  f  oz. ;  cattle,  ioz.  to  1  oz.; 
dogs,  7  to  14  drops.  It  is  used  outwardly  in  cooling- 
lotions  and  eye-waters.  The  vapour,  inhaled  by  means 
of  a  proper  apparatus,  produces  insensibility  to  pain  ;  but 
some  of  the  experiments  with  this  agent  have  proved  most 
unfortunate.  Chloroform  has  almost  universally  supplanted 
it  as  an  anaesthetic. 

Ethiops  Mineeal.  The  mildest  of  the  mercurial  com- 
pounds. Alterative  and  vermifuge.  Dose,  2  to  4  dr.  daily 
in  farcy,  glanders,  grease,  skin  diseases,  and  worms ;  given 
alone,  or  with  cream  of  tartar.  For  cattle,  1  dr. ;  swine,  3  to 
10  gr. ;  dogs,  5  gr.  in  mange.  With  an  equal  weight  of 
prepared  antimony  it  forms  Antimonial  Ethiops — a  more 
eflicient  preparation. 
Euphoebium.  Very  acrid  and  poisonous.  Used  in  blisters, 
chiefly  to  economise  the  more  expensive  flies  ;  but  irritates 
extremely.  It  is  applied  in  the  form  of  tincture  and  oint- 
ment as  a  local  stimulant. 
Excitants.  Medicines  which  quicken  the  circulation,  pro- 
duce warmth,  and  render  the  orgaiis  more  active. 


20  VETBEINAEY   MATEBIA  MEDICA 

Fennel  Seeds.  A  weak  carminative  and  diuretic.  Dose, 
i  az.  to  2  oz. 

Fern.  Powdered  male  fern  is  given  in  doses  of  6  dr.,  fol- 
lowed by  a  mercurial  purgative,  for  expelling  worms.  M. 
MoiEOTJD  carries  the  dose  to  2  oz. ;  or  5  or  6  di-.  for  smaller 
animals. 

Fenugreek  Seeds.  Emollient,  nutritive,  and  stomachic. 
Dose,  1  oz.  daily,  to  promote  condition  in  horses,  and  in 
diseases  of  the  chest.  It  is  also  added  to  the  food  of  swine 
to  promote  their  fattening.  Used  also  externally  in 
fomentations. 

Forge  Water.  The  water  of  the  blacksmith's  shop  is  some- 
times given  as  a  tonic,  or  applied  as  a  wash  to  ulcerated 
and  cankered  mouth. 

Foxglove.     See  Digitalis. 

Galangal  Root.  A  warm  aromatic,  similar  in  properties  to 
ginger.     Dose,  2  oz.  of  the  powder,  or  1  oz.  in  infusion. 

Galbanum.  Stimulant,  expectorant,  and  antispasmodic. 
Dose,  2  to  4  dr.  But  rarely  used,  Assafoetida  being 
stronger  and  cheaper. 

Gall  Nuts.  Astringent ;  in  diarrhoea.  Dose  of  the  powder 
for  horses  and  cattle,  2  to  4  dr. ;  calves,  2  dr.  to  1  dr. ; 
dogs,  4  to  8  gr. 

Gamboge.  A  drastic  purgative.  The  dose  for  a  horse  is 
said  to  be  from  2  to  6  dr.,  but  its  purgative  effect  cannot 
be  depended  on,  and  it  gripes.  3  dr.  have  been  known  to 
cause  great  prostration,  and  the  horse  being  killed,  marks 
of  intense  inflammation  were  found  in  its  stomach  and 
bowels.  It  is  a  bad  medicine  for  herbivorous  animals. 
2  dr.  are  sometimes  added  to  salts  and  other  purgatives 
for  cattle.  Sheep  have  been  killed  by  2  dr.  A  few  grains 
are  given  to  dogs  to  destroy  and  expel  worms. 

Garlic.  A  stimulating  expectorant.  Dose,  1  oz.  in  chronic 
coughs  and  asthmatic  complaints,  made  into  balls  with 
liquorice  powder  ;  or  boiled  in  milk.  It  is  a  common 
remedy  for  coughs  and  chest  affections  in  all  domestic 
animals.  It  is  also  reputed  vermifuge.  For  the  roup  in 
fowls  it  is  given  in  doses  of  5  gr. 

Gentian  Root.  Tonic  and  stomachic ;  in  debility,  after 
severe  illness,  &c.  Dose  for  a  horse,  2,  3,  or  4  dr.  of  the 
powder;    or  from  |  dr.  to   1   dr.  of   the  extr.ict.      (See 


YETElilNART    MATERIA   MEDICA  21 

Vet.  Formulary,  Tonic  Balls.)  Cattle,  2  to  4  dr.  or  more. 
Sheep,  20  to  60  gr.  Generally  joined  with  ginger.  An 
infusion  is  recommended  as  a  wash  to  ulcers. 

Ginger.  Stimulant  and  carminative;  a  general  ingredient 
in  cordial  and  tonic  medicines.  Dose,  1  to  3  dr.,  or  in 
flatulent  colic  2  to  6  dr.  Cattle,  2  to  6  dr.  Calves,  20  to 
30  gr.  Sheep,  30  to  60  gr.  Tlie  smaller  of  the  above  doses 
may  be  added  to  all  aperient  medicines.  It  is  also  used 
as  a  masticatory.     Dose  of  the  tincture,  ^  oz.  to  2  oz. 

Glass,  Powdered.  Used  to  destroy  worms  in  dogs.  Mr. 
Blaine  recommends  as  much  as  will  lie  on  a  sixpence 
with  butter.     It  must  be  in  very  fine  powder. 

Glauber's  Salt.  Sulphate  of  Soda.  Aperient  and  diuretic. 
Seldom  given  to  horses  as  a  purgative  (Mr.  Claeke  says 
1  lb  produces  scarcely  any  effect) ;  but  is  said  to  be  useful 
in  doses  of  6  oz.  3  times  a  day,  in  epidemic  catarrh.  To 
cattle  the  usual  dose  is  16  oz.,  or  from  12  to  20  oz.,  with 
ginger  or  caraway.  It  is  considered  more  diuretic  than 
Epsom  salts. 

Glycerin.  Externally  its  prmcipal  employment  is  as  an 
emollient  in  skin  affections,  accompanied  by  dryness  and 
irritation,  to  excoriations,  cracked  heels,  burns,  scalds,  and 
freshly  blistered  surfaces.  When  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk 
of  solution  of  subacetate  of  lead,  it  is  very  serviceable  in 
allaying  irritability.  Often  added  to  masses  to  prevent 
their  hardening. 

Goulard's  Extract  oy  Lead.  Solution  of  Subacetate  of 
Lead.  Solution  of  Diacetate  of  Lead.  Cooling  and 
astringent.  Used  externally  only,  in  lotions,  &c.,  in  the 
same  cases  as  sugar  of  lead.  (See  Lead,  Acetate  of.)  For 
mflamed  eyes,  1  dr.  or  1^  to  a  pint  of  distilled  or  boiled 
water ;  for  other  purposes  it  is  made  stronger. 

Grains  of  Paradise.  A  warm  stimulant ;  cliiefly  used  in 
cattle  medicines.     Dose,  3  to  6  dr. 

Gruel.     A  decoction  of  oatmeal.     Nutritive  and  demulcent. 

GuAiACUM  [Gum].  Sudorific  and  expectorant.  It  has  been 
given  to  horses,  in  doses  of  4  dr.,  in  chest  affections,  farcy, 
rheumatism,  &c. ;  and  to  cattle  in  doses  of  4  or  6  dr.  But 
its  utility  is  doubted.  The  guaiacum  wood  is  given  to 
the  amomit  of  4  oz.,  iu  decoction,  repeated  2  or  3  times  in 
24  hours. 


22  yETERl]SrAE.T   MATERIA   MEDICA 

Gum  Aeabic.  Emollient  and  demulcent.  Used  in  inflamma- 
tory affections  of  the  bowels,  or  of  the  respiratory  or 
m-inary  organs.  Dose,  for  horses  and  cattle,  1  to  4  oz., 
dissolved  in  water.  For  smaller  animals,  from  3  oz.  to  1  oz. 
It  is  also  used  to  suspend  in  water  insoluble  powders  and 
oils.  Gum  Senegal  and  gum  tragacanth  are  used  for  the 
same  purposes.  The  latter  will  thicken  twenty  times  as 
much  water  as  Gum  Arabic.  [For  Gum  Ammoniac,  Ben- 
zoin, &c.,  see  Ammoniacum,  Benzoin,  &c.] 

Haetshorx,  Spirit  of.  See  Ammonia.  It  is  chiefly  used 
as  an  ingredient  in  stimulating  liniments,  and  for  the  bites 
and  stings  of  venomous  reptiles  and  insects.  For  salt  of 
hartshorn,  see  Ammonia,  Carbonate  of. 

Hellebore,  White.  Poisonous  to  all  classes  of  animals. 
In  small  doses,  it  has  been  strongly  recommended  as  a 
nauseant  and  diaphoretic,  in  inflammatory  diseases;  but 
it  requires  to  be  very  carefully  watched,  otherwise  a  fatal 
collapse  may  be  induced.  The  usual  dose  is  20  gr.  every 
foiu"  or  six  hoTU's  till  nausea  is  produced,  or  the  pidse 
affected.  Mr.  Youatt  says  it  cannot  safely  be  given  in 
doses  of  a  drachm,  but  that  it  is  given  with  advantage  in 
ounce  doses  in  chronic  grease.  Externally,  it  is  used  in 
ointments  and  washes  for  the  mange;  but  even  in  this  way 
its  use  requires  caution.  It  is  also  blown  into  the  nostrils 
as  a  sternutatory. 

Hellebore,  Black.  The  root  is  used  as  an  irritating  seton 
for  cattle,  and  introduced  into  fistulous  sores  of  the 
horse. 

Hemlock,  Spotted.  A  narcotic  poison.  In  doses  of  a 
drachm  of  the  powdered  leaves,  or  of  the  extract,  gradually 
increased,  it  is  sometimes  given  to  quiet  obstinate  coughs. 
It  is  also  an  ingredient  in  some  old  remedies  for  farcy, 
scirrhous  tumours,  and  cancer.  For  dogs,  from  1  to  4  gr., 
in  coughs  and  cancerous  diseases.  A  decoction  of  the 
herb  is  used  as  a  fomentation  to  painful  tumours.  Water 
hemlock  is  a  more  virulent  poison,  and  often  destroys 
cattle.  31.  MoiROUD  says  that  ruminants  bear  hemlock 
better  than  other  animals.  Mr.  Youatt  considers  both 
common  and  water  hemlock  harmless  to  the  horse,  though 
he  admits  that  cows  have  been  poisoned  by  the  latter. 

Henbaxe.     Narcotic  and  sedative.     Dose, '  15  to  20  ixv.  of 


■VETEETNARY   MATEEIA   MEDICA  23 

the  powder  [1  to  2  dr.  of  the  extract,  Moeton]  twice  or 
three  times  a  day,  to  allay  arterial  action.  On  dogs  it 
acts  as  on  man  :  dose  3  to  5  gr.  German  horsedealers  are 
said  to  give  a  plump  appearance  to  diseased  horses  by 
mixing  henbane  seeds  with  their  corn. 
Honey.  Demiilccnt,  emollient,  and  slightly  laxative.  Used 
in  cough  medicines,  and  to  make  up  balls.  Horses  are 
fond  of  it.  Externally,  it  is  detergent,  and  is,  perhaps, 
useful  in  defending  ulcers  from  the  air. 
Hops.      Tonic   and    slightly  anodyne,    but  chiefly  used  in 

fomentations. 
HoREHOTTND.     Sonictimcs  given  in  coughs ;  a  quart  of  the 

decoction,  or  1  oz.  of  the  powder. 
HoRSE-EADiSH.     Stimulant  and  diuretic.     Said  to  be  useful 
in  dropsical  complaints,  and  in  recent  epidemics  attended 
with  chronic  inflammation.      The  fresh  root  is  rasped  and 
mixed  with  barley  meal. 
Iodide  of  Iron.     Tonic  and  alterative,  promoting  the  action 

of  the  absorbents.  Dose,  i  dr.  to  1  dr. 
Iodide  op  Potassium,  or  Htdriodate  of  Potash.  It 
possesses  the  same  properties  as  iodine,  but  irritates  less. 
It  is  often  combined  with  iodine,  which  it  renders  soluble 
in  water.  The  dose,  by  itself,  is  rather  larger  than  of 
iodine — from  15  to  30  gr.  twice  a  day ;  to  cattle,  5  to  10 
grains. 
Iodide  of  StriiPHTTE.  Used  externally  in  scabies  and  other 
skin  diseases ;  also  applied  to  farcy  ulcers,  and  indolent 
sores. 
Iodine.  Alterative,  and  promotes  absorption.  Used  ex- 
ternally and  internally  to  reduce  glandular  swellings,  and 
scirrhous  and  other  tumours.  5  gr.  of  iodine,  or  1-|-  to  2  dr. 
of  the  compound  tincture,  may  be  given  twice  a  day  in 
farcy.  Cattle  take  from  5  to' 10  gr.,  and  from  1  to  2  dr. 
of  the  compound  tincture.  Dogs,  j  to  1  gr.  twice_  daily. 
The  compound  iodine  ointment  is  used  to  disperse 
glandular  enlargements.  It  is  rapidly  superseding  can- 
thai'ides. 
Ipecacuanha.  Little  used  in  veterinary  practice,  except  as 
a  sudorific,  in  combination  wth  opium  (Dover's  powder). 
A  drachm  or  two  may  be  given  to  horses  in  asthmatic 
affections.     It  purges  sheep,  purges  or  produces  vomiting 


24  TETERHSTART   MATEUTA   MEDICA 

in  the  pig  and  dog.  Dose  for  the  latter,  4  to  20  gr.  [Prom 
2  to  30  gr. — MoiEOUD.]  3  oz.  killed  a  horse  [Mr.  B. 
Clarke]. 

Iron.  The  preparations  of  this  metal  are  tonic ;  some  of  them 
(as  the  snlphate  and  perchloride)  astringent  and  styptic. 
The  usual  doses  for  a  horse  are,  2  oz.  of  iron  filings,  once 
or  twice  a  day,  with  corn,  or  in  a  mash ;  1  to  3  or  4  dr. 
of  the  sulphate ;  2  to  6  dr.  of  the  peroxide  or  carbonate, 
or  of  rust  of  iron,  or  of  the  powdered  scales  ;  1  to  3  dr.  of 
tartarized  iron  ;  and  ^  to  Ij  dr.  of  the  iodide,  as  an  altera- 
tive, astringent,  and  tonic.  Cattle,  2  to  4  dr.  of  the 
sulphate  in  chronic  diarrhoea.  For  sheep,  a  sixth  or  eighth 
of  the  above  doses.  [M.  Moiroud  prescribes  much  larger 
doses  than  the  above.]  The  tincture  of  perchloride  of  iron 
is  prescribed  in  doses  of  2  or  3  dr.  for  incontinence  of 
lirine.  The  sulphate  is  sometimes  used  externally  in 
astringent  lotions. 

Jalap.  Purgative,  but  has  little  or  no  such  effect  on  the 
horse  or  other  herbivorous  animals.  It  is  sometimes 
added  to  other  purgatives,  but  probably  without  any  benefit. 
Dose  for  swine,  ^  dr.  to  2  dr.  Dogs,  1-5  to  40  gr.  Cats, 
10  to  20  gr. ;  but  it  is  rather  uncertain. 

Jamaica  Pepper.     See  Allspice. 

James's  Powder.  Similar  to  antimouial  powder,  but  con- 
sidei'ed  more  certain  and  uniform  in  its  operation.  Dose, 
20  to  30  gr.  in  fever  and  inflammatory  complaints.  It  is 
also  given  to  dogs  as  a  remedy  for  distemper,  4  gr.  twice  a 
day. 

Kamala.  Minute  glands  adhering  to  the  capsules  of 
Rottlera  tlnctoria  ;  imported  from  India.  Purgative,  and 
anthelmintic  for  tapeworm.  For  horses,  1  to  2  oz.  Dog, 
1  to  3  dr.     Given  in  the  form  of  bolus. 

Jatropha  Seeds.  The  seeds  of  the  physic  nut  {J.  ciircas) 
are  given  as  croton  seeds,  doubling  the  dose. 

Jfniper  Berries.  Diuretic  and  slightly  stimulant.  Dose 
for  a  horse,  1  to  2  oz.,  or  1  to  2  dr.  of  the  essential  oil ; 
for  cows,  2  or  3  oz. ;  sheep,  i  to  I  oz.  An  extract  from 
the  berries  (prepared  by  evaporating  a  clear  decoction,  or 
rather  a  cold  infusion  of  the  berries,  to  the  consistence  of 
treacle)  is  much  used  on  the  Continent  as  a  vehicle  for 
various  remedies. 


TETERiyAEY  MATEEIA  MEDiCA       25 

Kermes  Mineral.  A  preparation  of  antimony,  similar  to 
the  precipitated  sulphuret  (sulphide),  not  much  used  in 
this  country  but  highly  esteemed  in  France.  Dose  for 
horses,  1,  2,  or  3  dr.  For  cattle,  4  dr.  or  more.  For  a 
good-sized  dog,  li-  gr.  gradually  increased. 

Lard.  Half  a  pound,  ^\'ith  warm  water,  is  laxative  and 
emollient.  It  is  also  used  to  make  up  balls,  and  is  thought 
to  prevent  griping,  as  well  as  to  preserve  the  consistence  of 
the  balls.     It  forms  a  common  basis  for  ointments. 

LATJDANrM.     Tincture  of  Opium.     See  Opium. 

Lavender.  The  compound  spirit  is  carminative  and  cordial. 
Dose,  5  oz.  in  peppermint  water. 

Lead.  The  preparations  of  this  metal  are  poisonous.  See 
Acetate  of  Lead,  and  Goulard's  Extract  of  Lead. 

Lead,  White  and  Red.  Common  ingredients  in  ointments 
and  plasters.  Also  sprinkled  on  sores  as  desiccatives. 
They  are  likewise  vised  for  dusting  sheej)  for  the  fly. 

Lime.  Quicklime  is  sometimes  used  as  a  caustic ;  the  pow- 
der is  dusted  over  foul  ulcers,  greasy  heels,  &c. 

Lime  Water.  Antacid  and  tonic.  Sometimes  given  in 
diabetes,  from  2  to  4  cpiarts.  Used  also  as  a  wash  for 
sores,  and  as  an  injection  into  the  nostrils  for  glanders  and 
chronic  discharges.  Mixed  with  linseed  oil,  it  forms  a 
liniment  for  bums. 

Lime,  Chloride  of.     See  Chloride  of  Lime. 

Linseed.  Demulcent  and  pectoral.  A  decoction  of  the 
seed  is  very  mucilaginous,  and  is  used  in  colds,  sore 
throats,  and  internal  inflammations ;  also  to  counteract 
the  effects  of  corrosive  and  irritant  poisons,  and  as  a 
A'ehicle  for  more  active  medicines.  Linseed  meal  is  used 
for  iMultices.  Linseed  oil  is  laxative.  Dose  for  a  horse, 
a  pint,  or  a  pint  and  a  half ;  for  cattle,  1  or  2  pints ; 
sheep,  2  or  3  oz. 

Liquorice.  Demulcent  and  pectoral,  in  coughs,  &e.  Dose, 
I  oz.  to  2  oz.  of  the  powdered  root ;  or  \  oz.  of  the  foreign 
extract  (Spanish  or  Italian  juice). 

Liver  of  Sulphfr.     See  Sulphuret  of  Potassium. 

Lobelia  inflata.  It  is  poisonous  to  horses,  and  produces 
salivation  in  cattle ;  but  its  remedial  powers  have  not  been 
ascertained. 

LoawooD.     Astringent.      2   or  3  di'.  of  the  extract,  or  a 


26  TETEEIjrART  MATEETA  MEDlCA 

decoction  of  3  or  4  oz.  of  the  wood,  may  be  given  in  diar- 
rhoea, &c. 

Lotions.  Washes.  Liquid  applications,  wath  which  external 
parts  are  bathed. 

Madder.  Formerly  supposed  to  be  used  in  glanders  and 
farcy,  and  as  a  preventive  of  the  effects  of  the  bites  of 
venomous  reptiles ;  but  it  is  nearly  discarded  from  modern 
jjractice.  It  is  sometimes  given  to  pigs,  but  with  what 
specific  intention  it  is  difficult  to  say.  It  colours  the  bones 
of  animals  fed  with  it. 

Magnesia.  Antacid  and  laxative.  From  ^  oz.  to  3  oz.  to 
horses  and  cattle,  with  some  warm  carminative,  in  flatulent 
distension.  To  calves  in  diarrhoea,  ^  oz.  Either  the  com- 
mon or  the  calcified  magnesia  may  be  used. 

Magnesia,  Sulphate  of.     See  Epsom  Salt. 

Mallow.  Demulcent.  A  handful  of  the  leaves  is  boiled  in 
a  quart  of  water.  More  frequently  used  as  a  lavement. 
The  root  of  the  marslimalloiv  is  preferred;  a  decoction  of 
2  or  4  ounces  is  given  as  a  drink  in  both  coughs  and  in- 
ternal inflammations,  and  used  as  a  clyster,  and  as  a 
fomentation. 

Malt.  Nutritive,  pectoral,  and  alterative.  It  is  given,  in 
the  form  of  mashes,  in  chest  affections,  when  no  inflam- 
mation is  present,  and  in  grease,  farcy,  and  mange. 

Manna.  Slightly  laxative  and  pectoral.  Dose,  2  oz.  with 
honey,  or  dissolved  in  water,  in  inflammatory  diseases  and 
chronic  coughs. 

Mashes.     See  Bran  Mash,  &c.,  in  Vet.  Formulary. 

Meecurt,  or  QriCKSiLTEE.  The  preparations  of  this  metal 
are  alterative,  most  of  them  purgative,  and  all  apt  to  pro- 
duce sahvation.  Dogs  may  be  easily  salivated,  but  grami- 
nivorous animals  with  greater  difficulty.  The  editor  of 
'  Clatcr's  Cattle  Doctor '  says,  "  Mercury  does  not  seem  to 
agree  with  herbivorous  animals,  in  any  form  or  in  any 
disease."     The  preparations  in  use  are  indicated  below. 

Meecueial  Lotion,  Yellow.  \  Stimulant  to  vmhealthy  sores 

MEEcrRiAL  Lotion,  Black.    )      and  ulcers. 

Mercurial  Ointment.  Applied  to  callous  swellings,  en- 
larged joints,  mange,  scab  in  the  sheep,  &c.  The  weaker 
ointment  is  generally  sufficiently  strong. 


VETEEIKART   MATERIA   MEDTC'A  27 

Mercury  with  Chalk.  AlTcalized  mercury.  A  mikl  pre- 
paration.    Dose,  1  to  3  dr.,  in  farcy,  glanders,  &c. 

Mercurt,  Subchloride  of.     See  Calomel. 

Merctjrt,  Bichloride  (Perchloride,  B.P.).  See  Corrosive 
Sublimate. 

Mercttry  with  Sulphur.  Black  Stdplmret,  or  Sulphide 
of  Mercury.     See  Etliiops  Mineral. 

Mercury,  Red  Sulphuret,  or  Sulphide  of.  See  Cinnabar. 

Mercury,  Nitric  Oxide.     See  Red  Precipitate. 

Mercury,  Black  Oxide.     Dose,  1  to  2  dr.  [Morton]. 

Mercury,  Ammonio-Chloride.     See  Precij)itate,  White. 

Mercury,  Nitrated  Ointment  of.  See  Ointment,  Citrine, 
in  Vet.  Formulary. 

Mercury,  Acid  Nitrate  of.  Used  as  a  caustic.  See 
CaiTstics,  Vet.  Formulary. 

Milk.  Sometimes  given  in  quantities  of  1  to  3  quarts,  in 
acute  inflammation,  coughs,  and  all  internal  irritations, 
especially  those  occasioned  by  acrid  and  corrosive  poisons. 
It  is  a  convenient  vehicle  for  administering  medicines  to 
the  dog  or  cat. 

Mindererus  Spirit.     See  Acetate  of  Ammonia. 

Mint,  and  Peppermint.  Carminative,  cordial,  and  sudo- 
rific. A  strong  infusion  of  the  plant,  or  the  distilled 
water,  may  be  given  in  flatulent  colics.  Dose,  1  or  2 
pints ;  used  chiefly  as  vehicles  for  more  active  remedies. 
Dose  of  the  oil  of  peppermint,  20  to  30  drops,  or  to  60 
drops  of  oil  of  spearmint.  A  few  drops  of  the  oil  are 
added  to  purgative  medicines,  to  prevent  griping.  The 
other  mints  have  similar  properties. 

Mithridate.  Cordial  and  anodyne,  i  oz.  to  1  oz.  may  be 
given  in  flatulent  colic,  but  woiild  be  injurious  in  inflam- 
mation. 

Mullein.  An  infusion  of  the  flowers  is  given  as  a  demul- 
cent for  the  same  piu'pose  as  linseed  tea.  A  decoction  of 
the  leaves  is  used  in  emollient  fomentations  and  cataplasms. 

Muriatic  (or  Hydrochloric)  Acid.  Spirit  of  Salt.  Tonic 
and  antiseptic  ;  but  principally  used  to  dissolve  calcareous 
concretions  in  the  bladder.  It  has  been  used  in  the 
pestilent  epidemics  of  cattle.  Dose  for  a  horse,  Ij  to  2 
or  3  dr.,  in  plenty  of  water,  twice  a  day.  Externally  as  a 
caustic,  strongly  recommended  by  Youatt. 


28  TETEEINAET   MATERIA    MEDICA 

Muriate  of  Ammonia.  Chloride  of  Ammonium,  Sal  Am- 
moniac, Kydrochlorate  of  Ammonia.  Formerly  used  in 
influenza  or  epidemic  catarrh.  It  is  said  also  to  have 
proved  useful  in  farcy,  and  perhaps  deserves  trial  in  other 
chronic  diseases.  It  renders  the  hlood  more  fluid.  Its 
use  requires  caution.  2  oz.  produced  inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  a  horse ;  2  dr.  killed  a  dog,  and  4 
dr.  a  rabbit.  M.  MoiROUD  states  the  dose  to  be  from  2  to 
8  dr.  for  horses  and  cattle,  and  for  sjuall  animals  from  a 
scruple  to  a  drachm,  largely  diluted.  Externally  it  is  a 
frequent  ingredient  in  discutient  lotions  to  splints,  old 
strains,  bruises,  indolent  tumours,  &c.,  in  horses  and  cattle. 
It  is  also  employed  as  an  embrocation  to  sore  teats. 

Muriate  of  Antimoxt.  Chloride,  Perchloride.  See  Anti- 
mony, Butter  of. 

Muriate  of  Barttes.  Muriate  of  Banjta,  Chloride  of 
Barium.  Poisonous  ;  in  small  doses,  alterative.  It  has 
been  tried  in  glanders  and  farcy,  with  the  usual  ill  success. 
Dose,  \  dr.  in  milk. 

Muriate  OF  Copper.  Chloride  of  Copper.  Used  externally 
only,  as  a  mild  caustic. 

Muriate  of  Lime.  Chloride  of  Calcium.  Alterative  and 
resolvent,  in  glandular  diseases ;  but  rarely  used  in  vete- 
rinary practice.  It  has  been  proposed  in  glanders  and 
farcy.  In  an  overdose  it  is  poisonous.  We  have  not  met 
with  any  specific  statement  of  doses.  3i  di'achms  killed  a 
dog. 

Muriate  of  Soda.    Chloride  of  Sodium.    See  Salt,  common. 

Mustard.  Stimulant ;  but  little  used  as  an  internal  remedy. 
Flour  of  mustard,  with  or  without  vinegar,  is  applied  ex- 
ternally as  a  rubefacient,  to  relieve  internal  inflannnation. 

Mylabris.  Chinese  Blistering  Fly.  Its  vesicant  proper- 
ties are  due  to  the  presence  of  cantharadin.  Physiologi- 
cal effects  the  same  as  cantharides,  except  that  it  is  said 
not  to  affect  the  kidneys  when  topically  applied. 

Myrrh.  Tonic,  expectorant,  antiseptic,  and  balsamic.  From 
1  to  3  dr.  to  a  horse,  in  chronic  cough.  To  cattle,  2  to  4  dr., 
or  more.  The  tincture  is  used  for  ulcers  of  the  mouth  in 
all  animals,  and  to  indolent  sores. 

Naphtha.  Kectified  wood  naphtha  is  used  instead  of  spirit 
of  \\ine,  for  making  tincture  of  myrrh  and  aloes.     This 


TETEEINART   MATERIA  MEDICA  29 

spirit  may  be  given  also  in  2-oz.  doses  internally,  forming 
an  admirable  stimulant  and  diaphoretic. 

Naphthalin.  a  stimulating  exi^ectorant.  It  possesses 
many  of  the  properties  of  camphor,  and  a  solution  of  it  in 
spirit  may  be  substituted  for  camphorated  spirit.  With 
oils  and  lard  it  may  be  used  in  the  form  of  liniment  and 
ointment.      The  ointment  is  substituted  for  tar  ointment. 

Narcotics.  Medicines  which  induce  stupor  or  sleep,  and 
ease  pain. 

Nauseants.  Medicines  which  produce  nausea,  diminish 
arterial  action,  and  thus  abate  inflammation. 

Nettle  Seed.  It  is  said  when  given  with  the  horse's  corn, 
to  produce  a  smooth  coat,  and  to  impart  an  appearance  of 
condition  and  liveliness. 

NiTEE.  Nitrate  of  Potash.  Cooling  and  diuretic.  In  colds, 
fevers,  and  inflammatory  complaints  of  the  horse,  from  2 
to  4  dr.  may  be  given  daily,  in  plenty  of  water,  or  linseed 
tea,  till  the  desired  effect  is  produced.  An  ounce  is  often 
given,  but  smaller  doses  repeated  are  better.  Cattle,  2  to 
4  dr.  [1  oz.  in  21'  hours  for  some  days. — Moieoud.] 
Swme  and  sheep,  30  to  40  gr. ;  dogs,  4  to  10  gr.  A 
strong  solution  is  applied  to  gangrenous  wounds. 

NiTEic  Acid,  Niteous  Acid,  or  Aqua  fortis.  Used  extern- 
ally only,  as  a  strong  caustic ;  or  largely  diluted  (2  dr.  to 
a  pint  of  water)  as  an  antiseptic  wash  to  foul  ulcers. 

Nitrate  oe  Silver.  Lunar  Caustic.  Tonic ;  but  rarely 
given  to  annuals,  except  to  dogs  in  chorea,  in  doses  of 
^  to  i  of  a  gr.  Externally  cavistic.  It  is  the  best  ■caustic 
that  can  be  apjilied  to  the  bites  of  rabid  animals.  A  weak 
solution  (10  gr.  to  1  oz.  rain-water)  is  used  to  excite 
sluggish  wounds,  and  to  remove  opacity  from  the  cornea 
of  the  eye. 

NxTX  Vomica.  Poisonous  to  all  animals.  Given  in  doses  of 
8  to  10  gr.,  gradually  increased  to  30  gr.,  in  paralysis  of 
the  horse ;  but  its  effect  requires  to  be  carefully  watched. 
It  has  been  tried  in  glanders  and  farcy,  but  without  much 
success.  In  small  doses  it  invigorates  the  digestive  func- 
tions. The  French  veterinarians  are  stated  to  have  some- 
times given  Nux  Vomica  with  good  effect  in  amaurosis 
and  stringhalt  in  horses,  and  chorea  in  dogs,  particularly 
•when    accompanied    by    debility.       A    few    grains    will 


30  VETEBINAEY   MATERIA   MEDICA 

destroy  a  dog.  A  drachm  has  killed  a  horse.  See 
Stryclmla. 

NuTGALLS.     See  (jall-uuts. 

Nutmegs.  Stimulant,  and  perhaps  narcotic.  Sometimes 
given  in  coUc,  but  not  much  in  use. 

Oak  Baek.  Astringent  and  tonic.  Dose,  ^  oz.  to  2  oz.,  in 
powder,  or  boiled  in  water,  for  diarrhoea,  diabetes,  and 
debility  in  horses.  To  cattle,  in  dysentery,  and  in  red- 
water  (after  purgatives),  i  oz.  to  1  oz.  The  powdered 
bark  and  the  decoction  are  applied  to  unhealthy  wounds, 
&c.  In  France,  a  mixture  of  oak-bark,  gentian,  and 
chamomile,  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  Peruvian  bark. 

Oil,  Fish.  Common  whale  oil  is  a  good  preventive  of  the 
fly,  and  does  not  injure  the  wool. 

Oil  of  Spike.  As  sold  for  veterinary  pm-poses,  it  consists 
of  tm'pentine,  colom-ed,  and  merely  scented  with  foreigii 
oil  of  lavender.     It  is  used  in  warm  Imiments. 

Oil  of  Tcepentine.     See  Turpentine. 

Oil  of  Tah.     See  Tar. 

Oils,  Expressed.  Olive,  almond,  and  linseed  oils  are  laxa- 
tive, demulcent,  and  emollient.  Dose,  3  to  16  oz.,  or  a 
pint.  In  the  latter  dose  they  are  given  (especially  linseed 
oil)  as  a  substitute  for  castor  oil :  they  are  harmless,  but 
rather  uncertain  in  their  operation.  (See  Castor  Oil.) 
They  are  useful  in  poisoning  by  acrid  and  corrosive 
poisons.  Olive  oil  is  used,  both  inwardly  and  outwardly, 
as  a  remedy  for  the  bites  of  reptiles  and  stings  of  insects. 
Externally  the  expressed  oils  are  used  in  liniments  and 
ointments.  Oil  of  bays  is  gently  stimulant  and  anti- 
spasmodic, but  chiefly  used  outwardly. 

Oils,  Essential  or  Volatile.  The  essential  oils  of  pep- 
permint, cloves,  aniseed,  caraway,  &c.,  possesses  in  a  con- 
centrated state  the  warm  carminative  properties  of  the 
drugs  from  which  they  are  distilled.  They  are  frequently 
added  to  purgative  medicines  to  prevent  griping.  Oil  of 
juniper  is  diuretic,  in  doses  of  1  to  3  dr.  Oil  of  origanum 
is  almost  exclusively  used  outwardly  in  stimulating  lini- 
ments.    Oil  of  bitter  almonds  is  poisonous. 

Oils,  Empteeumatic.  Oil  of  amber  and  other  empyreu- 
matic  oils  are  antispasmodic  ;  but  mostly  used  in  outward 
applications.     The   fetid  oil,   called  Dippel's  Animal  Oil 


VETEEINART   MATERIA   MEDICA  31 

(or  oil  of  hartshorn),  is  sometimes  given  as  a  warm  medi- 
cine, in  doses  of  1  oz.  (sometimes  increased  to  2  oz.)  to 
horses,  or  a  drachm  to  small  animals.  As  an  outward 
appUcation,  it  is  sometimes  added  to  powders  against  the 
fly  in  sheep;  but  injm-es  the  wool.  Oils  of  paper  or  rag 
are  empyreumatic  fluids  obtained  by  burning  these  sub- 
stances. Mixed  with  water,  they  are  used  in  inflammation 
of  the  eyes,  mouth,  &c. 

Oils,  Compound,  See  Oils  and  Liniments  in  the  Veteruiary 
Formulary. 

Ointments.     See  Vet.  Formulary, 

Olive  Oil.     See  Oils,  Expressed. 

Onions.  Stimulant  and  diuretic.  They  are  said  to  be 
useful  in  colic  and  gripes.  Externally  used  in  poultices 
to  promote  suppuration. 

Opium.  Anodyne,  antispasmodic,  sedative,  indirectly  astrin- 
gent, and  in  large  doses  narcotic  and  stupefactive,  and 
capable  of  destroying  life.  In  combination  with  ipecacu- 
anha and  tartarized  antimony  it  is  sudorific.  The  dose 
for  horses  in  ordinary  cases  is  from  ^  dr.  to  1  dr.  But  in 
locked-jaw,  spasmodic  colic,  and  other  urgent  cases,  it  may 
safely  be  given  in  doses  of  2  dr.,  and  even  (according 
to  Moieoud)  to  4  dr.  Yottatt  states  the  dose  as  1  dr.  to 
3  dr.  In  inflammation  of  the  bowels,  after  bleeding,  it  is 
recommended  to  give  2  dr.  at  once,  and  1  dr.  every  hour 
afterwards  until  it  takes  effect.  To  cattle,  the  dose  is  from 
10  to  40  gr. ;  or  in  locked-jaw,  &c.,  1  dr.  Calves,  10  gr. 
Sheep,  2  to  4  gr.  Much  larger  doses  have  been  given 
with  impunity.  Dogs  require  from  ^  gr.  to  2  gr.,  accord- 
ing to  size  and  case.  M.  Moieoud  says  the  dose  for  dogs 
should  not  exceed  that  prescribed  for  man.  Mr.  Blaine 
thinks  they  are  much  less  affected  by  it  than  men.  The 
dose  of  tincture  of  opium  is  (for  horses)  from  1  to  2  oz. ; 
of  the  extract  20  to  30  gr.  Externally,  opium  is  used  in 
anodyne  hniments,  and  is  useful  in  inflammation  of  the 
eye.     See  Eye-waters,  Liniments,  &c.,  in  Vet.  Formulary. 

Opodeldoc.  Soap  liniment.  Used  externally  only  in  sti- 
n^ulating  liniments. 

Oeiganum.  Wild  Marjoriim.  Stimulant.  The  essential 
oil  is  hot  and  pungent,  and  a  frequent  ingredient  in  lini- 
ments for  old  strains,  and  in  blisters. 


32        TETEEINART  MATERIA  MEDICA 

Okpiment.  Yellow  Arsenic.  Poisonous.  Used,  mixed 
with  lard,  for  fistulous  sores,  warts,  &c.,  l)ut  is  not  free 
from  danger. 

OxTMEL.  Cooling  and  pectoral.  "Used  in  catan-hal  affec- 
tions.    Dose,  3  to  4  oz. 

OxYMEL  OF  Squills.  A  stimulating  expectorant.  Seldom 
used  in  veterinary  practice. 

Palm  Oil.  Emollient.  Used  in  compounding  ointments 
and  liniments ;  and  of  late  much  commended  as  a  basis  of 
aloetic  and  other  balls.  It  has  also  been  given  as  a  laxa- 
tive ;  dose,  12  oz.  or  more. 

Peppermint.  Carminative.  The  distilled  water  and  the 
essential  oil  are  chiefly  used.     See  Mint. 

Peppeh,  Black,  White,  and  Long.  Warm  stimulant, 
cordial ;  the  latter  kind  is  cliiefly  used  in  veterinary 
practice.  It  must  be  carefully  avoided  in  inflammatory 
complaints.  Dose  for  horses  and  cattle,  2  to  4  dr.  For 
Jamaica  Peppei-,  see  Allspice. 

Pepper,  Cayenne.  The  ground  pods  of  some  species  of 
capsicum.     See  Capsicum. 

Periwinkle.  The  i^lant,  in  decoction  or  chopped  up  in  a 
mash,  is  said  to  relieve  quinsy.  Pulverized  and  mixed 
■\\-ith  Etldops  Mineral,  it  has  been  vaiinted  as  a  remedy 
for  glanders. 

Peruvian  Bark.     See  Bark,  Peruvian. 

Petroleum.     See  Barbadoes  Tar. 

Pewter.  The  scrapings  are  given  to  dogs  for  worms.  Dose, 
2  dr.  to  1  dr.     Tin  fiUngs  are  safer.     See  Tin. 

Phellandrium.  The  seeds  of  water-fennel  {Ph.  aquaticum) 
are  used  in  Germany  in  chronic  catarrhal  affections.  Dose, 
i  oz.  to  1  oz. 

Physic.  In  veterinary  practice  this  term  is  applied  to  pur- 
gatives.    See  Physic  or  Purging  Balls,  Vet.  Formulary. 

Pimento.     See  Allspice. 

Pitch.  Stimidant,  balsamic,  probably  diuretic;  but  rarely 
given  internally.  It  is  more  frequently  used  externally 
in  charges  and  warm  plasters.     For  liquid  pitch,  see  Tar. 

Pitch,  Burgundy.  Stimulant.  Used  in  charges,  and  warm 
and  strengthening  plasters. 

Pomegranate.  The  rind  of  the  fruit  is  given  (in  decoction 
or  powder)  as  an  astringent  to  cattle  in  diarrhoea.     Dose, 


TETEEilfAEY    MATERIA   MEDlCA  33 

from  i  oz.  to  1  oz.  Tlio  bark  of  the  root  is  used  to  de- 
stroy worms.  MoiROUD  directs  5  or  6  oz.  to  be  boiled  iu 
water  for  some  hours,  and  tlie  decoction  given  in  divided 
doses. 

Poppy  Heads.  Anodyne ;  but  princiiDally  used  in  fomen- 
tations. (See  also  Syrup  of  Poppies.)  An  extract  pre- 
pared by  evaporating  the  expressed  juice  of  the  ripe  cap- 
sules and  tops,  is  said  to  be  nearly  half  the  strength  of 
oiiium.  Of  the  ordinary  extract  (from  the  decoction)  5 
gr.  are  said  to  equal  2  of  opium. — Lebas. 

Potash  Caustic.  Fused  Hydrate  of  Potash,  A  powerful 
caustic. 

Potash,  Carbonate.  Salt  of  Tartar  or  Prepared  Kali. 
Antacid  and  diuretic.  Dose  for  a  horse,  from  2  to  4  dr. 
or  more.  It  is  seldom  given  alone,  but  sometimes  joined 
with  tonics,  stomachics,  purgatives,  and  with  other  diu- 
retics. The  bicarbonate  is  milder,  and  may  be  given  in 
larger  doses. 

Potash,  Permanganate  of.  4  gr.  dissolved  in  1  oz.  of  dis- 
tilled water,  forms  a  useful  cleansing  wash  for  diseased 
surfaces. 

Poultices.  Ai-e  useful  in  relieving  inflammation  and  pain. 
See  Vet.  Formulary. 

Precipitate,  Red.  A  mild  caustic,  and  detergent  to  in- 
indolent  and  foul  ulcers. 

Precipitate,  White.  Principally  used  to  destroy  vermin 
in  the  horse  and  other  animals. 

Prussiate  op  Potash.  Ferro-cyanide  of  potassium  may 
probably  be  found  useful  in  veterinary  practice  j  but  its 
properties  and  uses  are  not  yet  p-operly  ascertained.  It 
must  not  be  confounded  with  cyanide  of  potassium,  which 
is  an  energetic  poison.     See  Cyanide  of  Potassium. 

Prussic  Acid.  Hydrocyanic  Acid.  The  diluted  acid  of  the 
B.  P.  (Medicinal.)  A  strong  poison  to  all  animals. 
Rarely  used  in  veterinary  practice.  May  be  given  by 
enema  in  tetanus.  In  medicinal  doses,  sedative,  anti- 
spasmodic, and  anodyne.  Used  in  chronic  cough,  chorea, 
epilepsy,  chronic  vomiting,  palpitation  of  the  heart,  and 
rheumatism.  Professor  Tuson  jirescribcs  from  20  to  30 
minims  for  horses.  Antidotes. — Fresh  air,  affusions  of 
cold  water  ;  inhalation  of  ammonia ;  iiioist  peroxide  of  iron 

3 


34  VETEEINAET   MATEEIA   MEDICA 

mixed  with  an  alkaline  carbonate.  The  dose  Mr.  Mobton 
states  to  be  from  J  dr.  to  1  dr.  Mr.  Yotjatt  recommends 
a  lotion  composed  of  a  di-achm  of  the  medicinal  acid  in  a 
pint  of  water,  to  allay  cuticular  irritation  in  dogs. 

Pulse.     The  following  table,  from  Vatel,  is  inserted  as  a 
useful  remembrancer  to  the  practitioner  : 
Table  of  the  Number  of  Pulsations  in  a  Minute  in  various 

Animals. — In  the  horse,  32  to  38  [36  to  40 — White]  ;  ox 

or  cow,  35  to  42  [42  to  45 — Clatee  ;  50  to  55 — Spoonee]  ; 

ass,  48  to  54 ;  sheep,  70  to  79 ;  goat,  72  to  76 ;  dog,  90  to 

100;  cat,  110  to  120;  rabbit,  120;  guinea-pig,  140;  duck, 

136 ;  hen,  140 ;  heron,  200. 

Ptjegatives.  Cathartics  or  Laxatives.  Medicines  which 
more  or  less  strictly  promote  evacuations  from  the  bowels. 
Aloes  is  almost  the  only  i^urgative  for  the  horse, that  is  at 
once  certain  and  safe.  For  cattle,  Epsom  or  Glauber's 
salt  is  the  most  preferable.  Aloes,  gamboge,  or  linseed  or 
castor  oil,  is  sometimes  combined  vAt\\  them.  Sulphur  is 
used  when  a  very  strong  purgative  is  not  required ;  yet 
this  demands  some  caution.  Refer  to  these  various  articles. 

Quassia.  A  tonic  bitter.  Dose,  1  or  2  dr.,  with  a  little 
ginger,  in  debility  of  the  stomach.  Its  poisonous  efEects 
on  insects  and  small  animals  suggest  caution  in  its  use. 

QuiCKSiLVEE.     See  Mercury. 

Quinine,  Sulphate  of.  Tonic.  Dose,  i  dr.  to  1  dr. 
recommended  liy  Mr.  Moeton  in  the  prostration  which 
follows  influenza.  But  too  expensive  for  general  use.  It 
is  given  to  dogs  in  chorea,  in  doses  of  2  to  5  gr. 

Ragwoet.  The  herb  is  said  to  produce  a  kind  of  lethargy 
or  staggers  in  horses  and  cattle.  Externally  it  is  used  as 
a  poultice  in  quinsy. 

Raking.  Remo\'ing  hardened  fseces  from  the  lower-  bowel 
by  the  hand. 

Ranunculus  eepens.  Acrid  stimulant.  It  is  poisonous  to 
sheep. 

Reed.  The  great  reed  (Arundo  donas),  and  the  Bankside 
reed  (Arundo  jihragmitis),  are  reputed  diuretic.  The 
former  is  supjiosed  to  have  the  property  of  diminishing  the 
secretion  of  the  milk. 

Refeigeeants.     Cooling  Medicines.     See  Temperants. 

Resin  ok  Rosin.     Diiu-etic.     i  oz.  to  1  oz.  may  be  given 


TETERINAEY   MATERIA   MEDICA  35 

daily  to  horses  in  tlieir  corn,  for  swelled  legs.  The  yeUow 
or  amber  resin  is  preferable.  Externally  it  is  adhesive 
and  gently  stimulatuig ;  and  is  a  common  ingredient  in 
digestive  ointments,  and  in  plasters  and  charges. 

Rhododendron.  Supposed  to  be  laseful  in  the  rheumatism 
of  cattle.     Dose,  i  oz.  to  1  oz.,  boiled  in  water. 

Ehubakb.  Tonic  and  stomacliic.  Scarcely  laxative  to 
large  animals.  From  i  to  1  oz.  is  given  in  jaundice, 
to  horses  and  cattle.  On  dogs  it  acts  as  a  pm-gative,  but 
an  micertam  one,  in  doses  of  i  dr.  to  1  di*. 

ROSEJIAEY.  A  mild  stimulant  and  carminative.  The  essen- 
tial oil  is  chiefly  used  in  wann  liniments  and  ointments ; 
but  is  sometunes  given  in  doses  of  i  dr.  to  1  or  2  di-.  in 
colic. 

Efe.  Stimulant,  uterine,  antispasmodic,  and  vermifuge. 
It  is  also  supposed  to  resist  contagion  and  poisons.  A 
-  decoction  or  infusion  of  2  to  4  oz.  of  the  fresh  herb  in 
water  or  beer  is  given  for  worms ;  as  an  antidote  to  the 
bite  of  vipers ;  with  diiu-etics  in  farcy  ;  with  box  leaves  as 
a  preventive  of  hydrophobia ;  and  with  camphor  and  opium 
in  locked-jaw.  The  bruised  leaves  are  put  into  horses' 
ears  for  the  staggers.  It  is  given  to  poultry  for  the  cure 
of  roup.  Externally,  rue  is  used  in  fomentations  as  a 
stimulant,  antiseptic,  and  discutieut. 

Saffeon.  Cordial,  antispasmodic,  and  uterine;  but  too 
weak  and  expensive  for  veterinary  use. 

Sage.  Stimulant  and  tonic.  In  habitual  relaxation  of  the 
bowels.  The  powder  may  be  given  in  a  ball,  or  the  herb 
infused.     The  infusion  is  used  as  a  mouth'wash. 

Sago.  Nutritive  and  demulcent.  Used  ui  the  form  of 
gruel. 

St.  John's  Woet.  Vuhierary.  The  flowers  were  formerly 
an  ingredient  in  Feyae'b  Balsam,  and  other  similar  com- 
pounds. An  infused  oil  of  the  plant  is  sometimes  used  in 
liniments. 

Sal  Ammoniac.     See  Muriate  of  Ammonia. 

Sal  Peunella.  Fused  Nitre.  Its  uses  and  doses  are  the 
same  as  nitre. 

Salicin.     Tonic.     Dose,  10  to  30  gr. 

Salt,  Common,  or  Culinaet.  In  small  doses  it  is  to.iic, 
digestive,  and  alterative ;   in   large  doses   purgative  and 


36  YETElllNAllY   MATERIA   MEDlCA 

vermifuge.  As  a  digestive,  1  oz.  may  be  sprinkled  on  the 
horse's  corn.  As  a  purgative,  or  to  expel  worms,  the  dose 
may  be  from  4  to  6  oz.  It  is  also  a  common  ingi'edieut  in 
laxative  clysters.  For  cattle,  an  omice  or  more  may  he 
sprinkled  on  the  hay,  to  assist  digestion ;  as  a  purgative 
4  to  8  oz.  may  be  given,  but  it  is  not  suitable  in  inflam- 
matory or  febrile  diseases.  Sheep  require  2  oz.  as  a  pur- 
gative ;  or  smaller  doses  daily  as  a  preventive  of  the  rot. 
To  dogs,  a  teaspoonf ul  or  one  and  a  half  teaspoonfuls  will 
act  as  an  emetic;  smaller  doses  as  a  vermifuge.  Half  a 
teaspoonful  of  a  solution  of  salt,  as  strong  as  it  can  be 
made,  is  given  to  poultry  as  an  emetic  in  roup.  Exter- 
nally, salt  dissolved  in  water  is  used  as  a  discutient,  as  a 
stimulant  to  old  strains,  and  as  a  coUyrium  in  chronic 
ophthabnia. 

Salts,  Epsom  and  Glaubee's.  See  Epsom  Salts,  and 
Glauber's  Salts. 

Saesaparilla,  and  China  Eoot,  are  diaphoretic  and  altera- 
tive ;  but  seldom  used  in  veterinary  practice. 

Saa'IN.  An  acrid  stimulant.  The  powder  is  given  in  doses 
of  1  to  2  dr.  (with,  or  followed  by  aloes)  for  worms,  but  its 
efficacy  is  doubtful.  Long-continued  use  of  savin  is  re- 
ported to  have  occasioned  the  hair  to  fall  off.  Externally 
it  is  applied,  ur  powder  or  ointment,  to  warts. 

ScAMMONY.  An  uncertain  as  well  as  expensive  piu'gative, 
far  inferior  to  aloes. 

ScrTELLAEiA.  ShuU-cap.  Mr.  Yoxtatt  and  others  regard 
this  plant  as  a  preventive  of  hydrophobia.  Dose,  40  gr. 
daily,  gi'adually  increased. 

Sea  Watee.     Laxative.     Dose,  2  or  3  pints. 

Sedatives.  Medicines  which  produce  quiet,  and  relieve 
pain. 

Senna.  Purgative ;  but  rarely  used  in  veterinary  practice. 
5  or  6  oz.  are  required  to  purge  a  horse. 

Seepentaet.  Stimulant,  tonic,  diaphoretic,  and  antiseptic. 
It  is  also  supposed  to  coiuiteract  the  effects  of  the  bites  of 
sei-pents,  &c.  Dose,  from  |  oz.  to  1  oz.  or  more;  but  rarely 
used. 

Setons.  These  consist  of  cord,  tape,  or  a  mixture  of  horse- 
hair and  hemj)  twisted  together  ;  they  are  inserted  through 
a  portion  of  the  skin  to  excite  irritation  and  discharge. 


VETEEIls'ART    MATERIA   MEDIC'A  37 

Mr.  MoBTON  uses  cotton  cord  soaked  in  a  cantliaridal 
liquid.     See  No.  15,  Blistering  Liniments,  Vet.  F. 

SiMARXTBA.  Tonic  and  stomachic,  for  the  same  jrarposes  as 
gentian.     Seldom  used. 

Soap.     Antacid  and  diuretic.     Dose,  5  oz.  to  2  oz. 

Soda.  Prepared  natron,  carhonate,  or  suhcarbonate  of  soda. 
The  common  washing  soda  is  generally  sufficiently  pure. 
Antacid  and  diuretic.  Dose,  2  to  4  dr.  It  is  sometimes 
added  to  aloes  as  a  corrective  of  acidity,  and  to  tonics  in 
weakness  of  the  stomach.  The  bicarbonate  of  soda  is 
milder,  and  may  be  given  in  larger  doses. 

Soda,  Chloride  of.     See  Chloride  of  Soda. 

Soda,  Hyposulphite  of.  Action,  uses  and  doses,  as  Sul- 
phite of  Soda. 

Soda,  Sulphate  of.     See  Glauber's  Salt. 

Soda,  Sulphite  of.  Sodium  Sidpliite.  Internally  : — anti- 
septic, dishifectant,  and  alterative.  Given  in  indigestion, 
tympanitis,  and  in  so-called  blood  diseases.  Externally  : — 
antiseptic,  deodorising,  and  disinfectant.  Employed  in 
ulcerated  sore-throat,  and  phage<;l£enic  wounds  and  ulcers. 
Dose  for  the  horse,  1  to  ^  oz.  Cattle,  2  to  4  oz.  Sheep,  2  to 
6  dr.    Pig,  2  to  6  dr.  Dog,  20  to  60  gr.    Frequently  repeated. 

Sodium,  Chloride  of.  The  modern  name  of  common  salt. 
See  Salt,  Common. 

Soot.  Some  French  veterinarians  prescribe  from  2  to  3  oz. 
of  soot  as  a  vermifuge.  Also  used  externally  in  mange, 
&c.     We  presume  wood-soot  is  intended. 

Spermaceti.  Demulcent  and  pectoral.  Dose,  i  oz.  to 
horses  in  cough ;  and  to  cows,  after  calving.  Externally 
emollient,  in  ointments. 

Spider's  Web.  Externally,  styptic.  Internally,  has  been 
given  to  dogs  in  convulsive  fits,  in  ^-gr.  doses. 

Spirit  of  Hartshorn.  This  ammoniacal  liquor  is  stimu- 
lant, antacid  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  i  oz.  But  more 
frequently  used  in  stimulating  liniments,  and  as  an  appli- 
cation to  the  bites  and  stings  of  venomous  reptiles  and 
insects.  A  diluted  solution  of  Caustic  Ammonia  is  mostly 
used  as  a  substntute. 

Spirit  of  Sal  Volatile.  This  also  owes  its  pungency  to 
ammonia.     Dose,  ^  oz. 

Spirits,  Ardent,    Brandy,  gin,  and  rum  are  given  as  stimu- 


38  TETE'RT?5'ATtT   MATERIA  MEDTCA 

lants  and  antispasmodics,  especially  in  colic.  Dose, 
from  2  to  4  or  5  oz.  -n-ith  warm  water.  Eectified  spirit  of 
wine  may  be  given  in  the  same  way,  in  smaller  doses  (1  to 
2  oz.) ;  but  is  more  commonly  employed  for  making  tinc- 
tures; and  externally  in  lotions. 

Spirit  of  MiNDEEEErs.     See  Acetate  of  Ammonia  Solution. 

Spieit  of  NiTiiE,  Sweet.  Sinrit  of  Nitroiis  TltTier.  Diu- 
retic, diaphoretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose  for  horses,  in 
fever,  \  oz.,  3  times  a  day.  In  colic,  from  \  oz.  to  2  oz. 
Cattle,  \  oz.  to  1  oz.  in  low  fevers.  Sheep,  1  cb'.  Dog, 
from  10  to  20  drops. 

Squill.  A  stimulating  expectorant.  Dose  for  a  horse, 
1  dr. ;  for  cattle,  1^  to  2  dr.  It  is  also  applied  in  frictions 
to  the  abdomen.     MorROUD  has  seen  it  remove  ascites. 

Starch.  Demulcent.  Chiefly  used  in  clysters,  but  some- 
times also  in  drinks.  Dose,  1  to  2  oz.,  rubbed  smooth 
with  a  little  cold  water,  and  then  boiled  in  3  or  4  pints  of 
water.     It  is  occasionally  used  in  fomentations. 

Stavesacre  Seeds.  Poisonous.  2  dr.  will  destroy  a  horse. 
Only  used  outwardly  to  destroy  vermin,  either  powdered 
and  mixed  vA'Cix  grease,  or  infused  in  vinegar. 

Steel,  Salt  of.  See  Iron,  Sulphate  of.  For  the  other 
preparations  (so  called)  of  steel,  see  Iron. 

Stimulants.  See  Excitants.  Diffusible  stimulants  are 
those  which  produce  a  sudden  and  temporary  excitement 
of  the  circulation  and  of  the  nervous  system. 

Stomachics.  Medicines  which  invigorate  the  stomach  and 
l^romote  digestion. 

Stoppings.  Compositions  employed  to  keep  the  feet  moist 
and  supple.  The  term  is  also  applied  to  mechanical  plugs 
for  the  feet  when  they  are  dry  and  diseased,  as  cow-dung, 
clay,  tar,  &c. 

Storax.    Balsamic  and  expectorant.   Dose,  \  oz.  Rarely  used. 

Strychnia.  The  active  principle  of  nux  vomica :  chiefly 
used  in  paralysis.  Dose,  1  to  3  grains ;  to  be  very  cau- 
tiously increased  if  necessary  :  15  grains  have  proved  fatal. 
Dose  for  the  dog,  l-16th  to  "l-8th  of  a  grain. 

Styptics,  Astringent  applications  employed  locally  to  stop 
bleeding. 

StTBLiMATE,  CoEEOSlTE.  Perchloride  of  Mercury.  Sec  Cor- 
rosive Sublimate. 


VETERiyART    MATERIA   MEDICA  39 

Sfgae,  Steup,  and  Teeacie.  These  are  used  to  sweeten 
drinks ;  and  to  give  form  to  balls  and  other  compounds. 

SuGAE  OF  Lead.     See  Lead,  Acetate  of. 

Sulphate  of  Coppee.  Blue  Stone.  See  Copper,  Sul- 
jihate  of. 

Sulphate  of  Ieon.     See  Iron,  Sulphate  of. 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia.     See  Epsom  Salts. 

Sulphate  of  Potash.  Purgative ;  but  seldom  used.  Dose, 
2  to  4  ounces,  in  colic,  &c. 

Sulphate  of  Quinine.     Tonic.     Dose,  |  dr.  to  1  dr. 

Sulphate  of  Soda.     See  Glauber's  Salt. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc.     White  Vitriol.      See  Zinc,  Sidphate  of. 

SuLPHUE,  OE  Brimstone.  It  is  in  3  forms — roU  brimstone, 
flowers  of  sulphiu',  and  black  brimstone  or  sulphur  vivum. 
The  flowers  arc  generally  used.  The  black  is  very  impure, 
and  sometimes  contains  arsenic.  Sulphur  is  laxative, 
alterative,  and  pectoral.  Dose,  to  horses,  as  an  alterative 
in  skin  diseases,  grease,  want  of  condition,  &c.,  1  oz.  As 
a  laxative,  4  or  5  oz.,  biit  it  is  rai'cly  employed  with  this 
view,  and  very  large  doses  are  not  always  safe.  To  cattle, 
as  a  laxative,  6  or  8  oz.  Sheep,  2  or  3  oz.  Dogs,  1  dr. 
in  milk.  Swdne,  2  dr.  It  is  used  outwardly  iu  ointments, 
for  mange  in  all  animals.  As  an  alterative  it  is  usually 
combined  with  autimonials  and  nitre. 

Sulphueet  of  Ieon.  Sulphide  of  Iron.  It  has  been  used 
in  ha?morrhage,  dysentery,  and  worms.  The  hydrated 
persulphnret  (see  Ferri  persialphuretum  hydratum,  Pocket 
Formulary)  is  strongly  recommended  by  Bouchaedat  as 
an  antidote  for  metallic  poisons ;  also  as  a  remedy  for 
incipient  farcy.     Dose,  1|  oz.  to  8  oz. 

Sulphueet  of  Mercuet.  Sulphide  of  Mercury.  See 
Ethiops  Mineral,  and  Cinnabar. 

Sulphueet  of  Potash.  Potassii  Sulphidum.  Sulphuret 
of  Potassium.  Mr.  Blaine  prescribes  2  dr.  with  astrin- 
gents, in  diabetes.     In  large  doses  it  is  poisonous. 

SuLPHUEic  Acid.  Poisonous.  The  strong  acid  {oil  of  vitriol) 
is  used  as  a  powerful  caustic.  It  is  also  used  in  ointments, 
or  mixed  with  tar  to  form  an  external  application.  In 
small  doses,  about  1  to  2  dr.,  iilentifuUy  diluted ;  it  is 
rarely  given  as  a  tonic.  The  diluted  acid  (1  oz.  to  a  pint) 
is  used  as  a  lotion  in  grease,  foul  ulcers,  &c. 


40  TETEEIXART   MATERIA   MEDICA 

SuPEETAETRATE  (Bitabteate)  OF  PoTASH.  See  Cream  of 
Tartar. 

SYEtrp  OF  BrcKTHOEN.  Purgative.  Seldom  given  to  horses, 
except  when  used  in  forming  powders  into  balls.  Dose 
for  cattle  2  oz.  to  4  oz.  -with  castor  oil.  A  common  physic 
for  dogs  ;  dose,  2  to  4  dr. 

Syeup  of  Poppies.  A  mild  anodyne  and  sedative.  Dose 
for  dogs,  1  dr.    Seldom  given  to  large  animals. 

Tannin  (ob  Tannic  Acid).  The  astringent  principle  of 
nutgalls.  A  powerful  astringent  in  diarrhoea,  &c.  Dose, 
5  to  10  gr.     Catechu  is  more  generally  used. 

Tansy.  Tonic  and  vermifuge.  Externally  in  fomenta- 
tions. 

Tar.  Internally  in  old  coughs,  from  2  to  4  dr.  Externally 
it  is  cleansing  and  gently  stimulating.  It  is  particularly 
useful  in  thrushes  and  all  diseases  and  wounds  of  the  feet, 
both  of  horse  and  cattle,  to  punctured  wounds,  and  for  the 
cure  of  mange  and  other  skin  diseases.  Mixed  with  fish 
oil,  it  is  applied  with  a  brush  to  hard,  brittle  feet.  Tar 
water  (see  Pocket  Formulary)  is  also  given  in  chronic 
coughs.  Oil  or  spirit  of  tar  is  used  in  mange  ointments, 
and  as  a  dressing  for  sheep.  The  latter  requires  some 
caution,  sheep  having  been  killed  by  it. 

Tar,  Baebadoes.  A  black  liquid  bitumen  exuding  from  the 
earth.  Its  properties  for  the  most  part  resemble  those  of 
tar. 

Taetae  Emetic.     See  Antimony,  Tartarized. 

Tea.  "  Tonic,  in  simple  indigestion,  or  when  connected  with 
staggers"  (Delafond).  Dose,  4  to  6  dr.  infused  in  3  or 
4  pints  of  water. 

Temperants.  Medicines  which  moderate  the  circulation, 
and  reduce  animal  heat. 

Tin.  Vermifuge.  A  di'achm  of  the  filings  daily  to  dogs. 
A  horse  requires  from  1  to  3  oz. 

Tobacco.  An  acro-narcotic  poison.  In  small  doses,  diuretic 
and  emetic.  Principally  used  as  a  wash  for  the  mange, 
and  to  destroy  lice  and  fly  in  sheep.  But  it  is  not 
altogether  safe,  as  it  is  apt  to  be  absorbed.  It  vomits  the 
dog,  pig,  and  cat ;  but  there  are  safer  emetics.  Herbi- 
vorous animals  are  less  readily  affected  by  it,  but  instances 
of  its  having  proved  fatal  to  them  are  recorded.     In  some 


TETERINART   MATERIA   MEDICA  41 

parts  of  France,  jockeys  are  said  to  stupefy  vicious  horses 
for  sale,  by  tobacco  infused  in  spirits. 

Tonics.  Medicines  wliich  give  tone  to  the  fibres,  and 
invigorate  the  system  when  relaxed  and  debilitated.  The 
principal  tonics  used  in  veterinary  medicines  are  gentian, 
Peruvian  bark,  chamomile  and  other  vegetable  bitters  and 
astringents ;  and  the  preparations  of  iron,  copper,  arsenic, 
zinc,  &c.  The  over  free  use  of  them,  particularly  when 
fever  and  inflammation  are  present  is  a  frequent  source  of 
miscliief. 

TORMENTIL  Root.  Astringent.  Dose,  1  oz.  to  1^  oz.  Its 
presence  in  pastures  is  supposed  to  prevent  the  rot  in  sheep. 

TuEBiTH,  Mineral.  Suhsulphate  of  Mercury.  An  irritating 
purgative,  and  in  large  doses  poisonous.  Dose,  ^  dr.  in 
farcy.     Given  to  dogs  as  an  emetic  ;  dose,  1  gr.  to  3  gr. 

Turmeric.  A  weak  aromatic  stimulant.  Supposed  to  be 
useful  in  jaundice  or  yellows.     Dose,  1  oz. 

Turpentines.  They  are  all  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  expec- 
torant ;  and  in  larger  doses,  vermifuge  and  purgative. 
Dose  of  common  turpentine,  4  oz.  to  1  oz.  They  are  used 
in  digestive  ointments.  Oil  or  spirit  or  turpentine  is  a 
more  stimulating  diuretic,  in  doses  of  2  to  4  dr. ;  it  is  also 
considered  efficacious  as  an  antispasmodic  in  colic  (gripes), 
and  as  a  remedy  for  worms.  Dose  for  the  latter  purposes 
from  2  oz.  to  4  oz.,  or  sometimes  still  larger  doses. 
To  cattle  (in  hooze,  from  worms  in  the  bronchial  passages), 
about  2  oz.  To  sheep,  in  rot,  1  dr.  It  is  not  a  safe  medi- 
cine for  dogs ;  but  is  sometimes  given  in  doses  of  2  dr. 
with  olive  oil.  Externally  it  is  used  in  stimulating  lini- 
ments, embrocations,  ointments,  &c.  It  is  very  irritating 
to  the  skin  of  the  horse,  and  also  of  the  dog,  instantly 
producing  great  excitement.  Like  the  common  and 
Venice  turpentine,  it  enters  into  the  composition  of  some 
digestive  ointments. 

UvA  Ursi.  Bearlerry.  Astringent.  Dose,  4  to  6  dr.  m 
diabetes.     Girarde  says  it  inflames  the  stomach. 

Valerian.  A  stimulant  acting  chiefly  on  the  nervous 
system.  Dose,  for  horses  and  cattle  1  to  4  oz.  in  powder. 
2  oz.  twice  a  day  have  been  given  to  a  horse  without  any 
observable  effect.  In  dogs  it  is  said  to  act  as  a  vermifuge. 
Pose,  1  to  4  dr. 


42  TETE-RTXAET   MATERIA   MEDICA 

Y'EEDIGEIS.  Suhacetate  [or  Biacetate)  of  Copper.  Tonic, 
caustic,  poisouoiis.  It  lias  been  given  in  doses  of  1  dr. 
to  2  dr.  daily,  in  farcy  and  glanders.  Externally  deter- 
gent and  caustic,  in  ointment,  and  in  tlie  form  of  ^gyp- 
tiacum.  The  crystallized  acetate  of  copper  is  more 
powerful  in  its  action. 

VEEJnCE.  Properties  and  uses  the  same  as  of  vinegar ;  but 
preferred  by  some  for  outward  use. 

Veemilion.     See  Cimiabar. 

YiXEGAE.  Diaphoretic,  cooling,  and  antiseptic.  In  com- 
bination with  honey,  it  is  used  in  coughs.  In  large 
quantities,  it  irritates  the  stomach ;  a  pint  is  said  to  have 
destroyed  a  horse.  It  should  always  be  plentifully  diluted. 
Vinegar  which  contains  much  sulphuric  acid  should  be 
avoided.  It  is  chiefly  used  as  an  external  application,  as 
a  lotion  for  strains,  bruises,  sprains,  and  inflammations ;  and 
hot  as  a  revulsive.  The  vapours  are  thought  to  possess  dis- 
infecting properties,  but  are  less  effectual  than  chlorine. 

ViTEiOLATED  Zixc.     White  Vitriol.     See  Zinc,  Sulphate  of. 

ViTEiOL,  Blue.     See  Sulphate  of  Copper. 

Walxxtt.  The  green  shells  are  astringent,  and  sometimes 
applied,  bruised,  as  a  cataplasm,  or  in  a  decoction  as  a 
lotion. 

Water.  Besides  its  use  as  a  drink,  and  as  a  vehicle  for 
medicine,  water  is  used  remedially,  on  the  hydropathic 
system.  Bags  wetted  with  cold  water,  and  well  covered 
with  dry  ones,  are  used  to  produce  perspii'ation,  their  opera- 
tion being  assisted  by  copious  draughts  of  cold  water,  adding 
4  oz.  of  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  to  each  pailful.  This  treat- 
ment is  said  to  have  succeeded  in  epidemics  of  pleuro- 
pneumonia. 

Wax.     Chiefly  used  in  making  cerates,  plasters,  charges,  &c. 

Whet.  A  cooling  and  nutritive  drink  in  inflammatory  dis- 
eases, and  (luring  convalescence  from  them. 

Willow  Baek.  Possesses  in  some  degree  the  same  pro- 
perties as  Peruvian  bark.  Dose,  in  powder  or  decoction, 
1  to  4  oz. 

Wine.  Stimulant.  In  wine  countries  it  is  frequently  given 
as  a  restorative.  Port  -wine  has  been  given  as  an  astrin- 
gent in  obstinate  diarrhoeas.  Dose  for  horses  and  cattle, 
i  pint  to  a  bottle. 


TETERT'N'ITIT   MATEUTA   MEDICA  43 

Winter  Baek.  A  warm  tonic  and  stomachic.  Doee,  2  to 
6  dr. 

WOLFS-BANE.     Aconite,  MonJcsliOod.     A  ^•irulent  poison. 

WoEM-wooB.  A  bitter  tonic  and  vermifuge.  An  infusion  of 
from  2  to  4  oz.  of  the  dry,  or  twice  as  much  as  the  fresh 
herb,  may  be  given  in  dropsy,  and  diseases  of  general 
debility ;  or  from  2  to  4  dr.  of  the  powder  may  be  given 
in  a  ball.  A  few  drops  of  the  essential  oil  are  often  added 
to  aloes,  &c.  for  worms. 

WoET.     See  Malt. 

Yew.  It  is  not  used  medicinally.  The  leaves  are  poisonous 
to  horses  and  cattle,  producing  symptoms  which  resemble 
those  of  appoplexy.  To  counteract  its  efPect,  it  is  recom- 
mended to  give  10  gr.  of  croton  meal,  and  afterwards 
drenches  of  "gruel  and  vinegar.  The  croton  to  bo  re- 
peated in  6  hours  if  it  has  not  operated. 

Zedoaet.  a  weak  aromatic  stimulant,  formerly  prescribed 
in  jaundice,  but  now  rarely  employed.  It  is  weaker  than 
ginger. 

Zixc  Carboxate.  Applied  externally  as  a  desslcant,  stimu- 
lant and  astringent. 

Zinc,  Chloride  of.  In  solution  this  constitutes  Sir  W. 
Burnett's  disinfecting  fluid.  Much  diluted  it  is  applied 
as  a  detergent  lotion  to  foul  ulcers.  The  dry  salt  is  a 
powerful  caustic. 

Zinc,  Oxide  of.  Floiuers  of  Zinc.  A  mild  astringent  and 
tonic  ;  dose  i^  oz. ;  but  chiefly  used  in  dusting  ulcers  and 
excoriations,  to  promote  skinning. 

Zinc,  Sttlphate  of.  White  Vitrol.  Tonic.  Dose,  for  the 
horse,  1  to  4  dr.,  frequently  combined  with  cantharides, 
Externally,  astringent,  detersive,  styjitic,  and  healing; 
in  lotions  and  ointments,  to  indolent  ulcers,  grease,  &c.. 
It  is  a  frequent  ingredient  in  eye-waters, — about  3  gr.  to 
an  ounce  of  water.  A  saturated  solution  is  used  as  an 
injection  for  quitters. 


VETERINARY  FORMULARY 


glcMcints  for  fors^s 


BALLS  AND  BALL  MASSES 

The  roots,  seeds,  and  other  dry  substances  are  to  be  reduced 
to  powder;  and  it  is  of  importance  that  the  aromatic 
seeds,  especially,  should  have  been  recently  powdered. 
The  drugs  should  be  of  good  quality.  It  is  hoped  that 
the  trash  sold  as  horse-powders  will  not  much  longer  be 
known  in  establishments  which  have  any  pretensions 
to  respectability.  After  this  general  notice,  it  will  be 
unnecessary  to  occupy  space  by  repeating  the  words 
"  powdered,"  "  freshly  powdered,"  "  genuine,"  &c.  Balls 
should  not  be  too  hard,  but  merely  stifB  enough  to  retain 
their  form,  and  should  be  wrapped  in  soft  paper. 

[J/ofZe  of  Administering  Balls. — The  horse  should  be  backed 
into  the  stall,  the  tongue  drawn  gently  out  with  the  left 
hand  on  the  off  side  of  the  mouth,  and  then  fixed  by 
pressing  the  fingers  against  the  side  of  the  lower  jaw. 
The  ball,  being  now  taken  between  the  tips  of  the  fingers 
of  the  right  hand,  must  be  passed  rapidly  np  the  mouth, 
as  near  the  palate  as  possible,  until  it  reaches  the  root  of 
the  tongue  ;  it  must  then  be  delivered  with  a  slight  jerk, 
so,  that,  the  hand  being  immediately  withdrawn,  and  the 
tongue  liberated,  the  ball  may  be  forced  through  the 
pharynx  into  the  oesophagus.  A  slight  tap  under  the  chin 
may  then  be  given,  or  a  draught  of  water  to  assist  in 
carrying  it  down.] 


BALLS    AjS^D    ball    MASSES  45 

COMMON  MASS,  as  a  basis  for  balls  in  general.  Mix  with 
the  hand  equal  weights  of  linseed  meal  and  treacle,  and 
add  a  little  palm  oil. — Cheery. 

ALTERATIVE  BALLS.  The  term  alterative  is  applied  to 
medicines  which,  -nithout  any  sensible  operation,  or  with 
a  laxative  or  diuretic  operation  so  gradual  as  not  to  inter- 
fere with  the  usual  work  or  diet,  produce  a  favorable 
change  in  the  system,  and,  in  common  language,  "  purify 
the  blood."  Alterative  balls  are  given  in  skin  diseases, 
swelled  legs,  grease,  foul  humours,  &c. ;  usually  1  daily 
or  every  other  day. 

Diuretic  Alterative  Balls.  1.  Di'ied  common  soda  1  oz., 
Castile  soap  6  dr.,  resin  2  oz.,  liquorice  powder  i  oz.,  Bar- 
badoes  tar  to  form  6  balls ;  1  daily. — White. 

2.  Acetate  of  potash  \  oz.,  resin  |-  oz.,  fenugreek  1  oz., 
treacle  enough  to  form  a  mass  for  2  balls ;  1  daily. 

Laxative  Alterative  Balls.  1.  Aloes  4  oz.,  soft  soap  4  oz., 
common  mass  24  oz. ;  mix ;  dose,  1  oz. — V.  C. 

2.  Socotrine  aloes  8  oz.,  soft  soap  8  oz.,  common  mass 
16  oz. ;  mix  ;  dose,  1  oz. — V.  C. 

3.  Aloes  10  dr.,  soap  12  dr.,  caraways  12  dr.,  ginger 
4  dr.,  treacle  q.  s.  for  4  balls ;  1  daily. — White. 

4.  Aloes  1  dr.,  diuretic  mass  (see  balls,  No.  1  or  3)  9 
di-. 

9.  Antlmonial  powder  1  dr.,  aloes  1  or  2  dr.,  diuretic 
mass  (see  balls.  No.  1  or  3)  1  oz. 
Antimonial  or  Diaphoretic  Alterative  Balls.     1.  Levigated 
antimony  2  or  4  dr.,  caraway  seeds  4  dr.,  treacle  q.  s.  to 
form  a  ball. — White. 

2.  Prepared  antimony  2  dr.,  nitre  3  dr.,  sulphur  2  dr., 
linseed  meal  2  dr.,  palm  oil  to  form  a  mass ;  one  every 
night,  in  megrims. — Clatee. 

3.  Tartarizcd  antimony  2  dr.,  elecampane  2  oz.,  guaia- 
cum  6  dr.,  sulpluu- 1  oz.,  treacle  and  flour  to  form  6  balls ; 
one  daily. 

4.  Tai-tarized  antimony  3  dr.,  ginger  a  scruple,  soap 
1  oz.     For  3  balls,-  one  every  other  mornuig.— Vines. 

5.  Emetic  tartar,  5  oz.,  ginger  3  oz.,  opium  1  oz.,  and 
syrup  to  make  16  balls. 

Mercurial  Alterative  Balls.      1.    Ethiops   mineral   4  oz., 


46  MEDICINES' FOE  HORSES 

sulijhur,  prepared  antimony,  cream  of  tartar,  cimiabar,  of 
each  5  oz.,  honey  to  form  a  mass  for  12  balls ;  1  every 
morning  for  a  month  in  farcy. — TapliN. 

2.  Calomel  i  dr.,  aloes  1  dr.,  Castile  soap  2  dr.,  oil  of 
jmiiper  30  drops,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

3.  Blue  pill  1  dr.,  black  antimony  2  dr.,  diui'etic  mass  4 
cli'.,  aloes  1  di\ ;  for  a  ball  daily. 

4.  In  grease  :  prepared  antimony,  sulphm",  nitre,  Ethiops 
mineral,  of  each  3  oz.,  Castile  soap  10  oz.,  oil  of  juniper 
3  dr.,  syrup  of  honey  q.  s.  for  12  balls ;  1  every  morning 
for  2  or  3  weeks. — Taplut. 

5.  Quicksilver  2  parts,  peroxide  of  iron  1  part,  confec- 
tion of  roses  3  parts.  Rub  together  till  the  quicksilver 
disappears.  Dose,  3ss  to  5ij,  with  common  or  other  mass 
q.  s. — Dr.  Collier's  Blvie  Pill. 

6.  Strong  mercimal  ointment  i  lb,  powdered  ginger 
3  oz.,  liquorice  powder  10  oz.,  treacle  to  mix  for  12  balls. 
— Feakcis. 

Alterative  Tonic  Balls.     See  Tonic  Balls. 

ASTRINGENT    BALLS.      These  are   given  in   diarrhoea, 
diabetes,  &c. 

1.  (V.  C.  Asti-ingent  Mass.)  Catechu  1  oz.,  ciiiuamon 
1  oz.,  common  mass  6  oz. ;  mix ;  dose,  1  oz. 

2.  Peruvian  bark  12  oz.,  grains  of  paradise  2  oz.,  gen- 
tian 3  oz.,  honey  q.  s.  for  16  balls ;  1  every  morning ;  for 
diabetes. — Rtdixg. 

3.  Catechu  J  oz.,  alum  3  dr.,  cascarilla  2  di'.,  flom*  2  dr., 
treacle  q.  s. — White. 

4.  Catechu  2  dr.,  opium  ^  di'.,  linseed  meal  2  dr.,  treacle 
to  form  a  ball.  For  profuse  staling,  1  night  and  morning  ; 
if  they  confine  the  bowels,  add  1  dr.  of  aloes. — Clatee. 

5.  Peinivian  bark  li  oz.,  alum  |  oz.,  treacle  q.  s.  For 
the  same  pm-pose. — Laweence. 

6.  Oak  bark  1  oz.  (or  Peru^'ian  bark  |  oz.),  opiiun  1  dr., 
ginger  2  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  ballj  for  diai*rhcea. — 
White. 

7.  Opium  ^  dr.,  prepared  chalk  6  dr.,  cassia  Ij  di'., 
tartarized  antimony  2  di".,  syrup  to  form  a  ball;  for  the 
same. — White. 

8.  Nut-galls  2  dr.,  cassia  I  dr.,  conserve  of  roses  to  form 
a  ball. 


BALLS  AND  BALL  MASSES  47 

9.  Burnt  rhubarb  1  dr.,  coinpomicl  powder  of  chalk 
3  dr.,  common  mass  6  dr. ;  for  diarrhoea. 

10.  Tormentil  or  bistort  1^  dr.,  mashmallow  root  i  oz., 
chalk  2  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. 

11.  For  bloody  urine.  Acetate  of  lead  10  gr.,  sulphate 
of  zinc  40  gr.,  catechu  4  dr.,  conserve  of  roses  to  form  a 
ball;  once  daily. — Blaine. 

12.  Powdered  opium  i  dr.,  soda  1  dr.  powdered  cassia 
or  ginger  1^  dr.,  Horn-  and  syrup  to  form  a  ball. 

13.  For  diabetes.  Catechu  i  oz.,  alum  ^  dr.,  sugar  of 
lead  10  gr.,  \\'ith  conserve  of  roses  to  form  a  ball.  See 
also  Tonic  PiUs. 

COUGH  BALLS;  Expectorant  Balls.  The  foUowing  for- 
mula; are  chiefly  intended  for  chronic  coughs  and  thick- 
ness of  \\'ind.  The  bowels  should  be  kept  open  by  mashes 
and  an  occasional  laxative.  Coughs  occasioned  by  worms 
require  a  different  treatment.  Li  coughs  comiected  -with 
inflammation  of  the  chest,  and  epidemic  catarrh,  see  Balls 
for  Inflammation  of  the  Lungs. 

1.  Aloes  2  oz.,  digitalis  (powdered)  1  oz.,  common  mass 
13  oz. ;  dose,  1  oz.,  twice  a  day. — Morton. 

2.  Emetic  tartar  i  dr.,  digitalis  i  dr.,  nitre  I2  dr.,  tar 
enough  to  form  a  ball ;  every  night. — Yoxjatt. 

3.  Powdered  squill  1  dr.,  gum  ammoniac  3  dr.,  opium 
i  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

4.  Ipecacuanha  1  dr.,  camphor  2  dr.,  liquoi'ice  powder 
1  dr.,  honey  to  form  a  ball ;  to  be  given  every  morning. — 
Blaine. 

5.  Sulphur  i  oz.,  assafoetida  1  oz.,  liquorice  powder 
1  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  1  oz.,  for  4  balls ;  one  every  night 
for  4  times. — Hinds. 

6.  Calomel  26  gr.,  gum  ammoniacum  2  dr.,  balsam  of 
Peru  1  dr.,  p.  squill  1  dx\,  honey  to  form  a  ball ;  one  every 
morning. — Blaine. 

7.  P.  Marshmallov,'  root  and  liquorice,  of  each  1  di-., 
elecampane,  sulphur,  and  Kermes  mineral,  of  each  t  dr., 
honey  to  form  a  ball ;  t^^'ice  a  day. — Lebas. 

8.  Squill  2  dr.,  gum  ammoniac  4  dr.,  ipecacuanha  4  dr., 
opium  4  dr.,  pimento  1  oz.,  balsam  of  sulphur  4  oz.,  Cas- 
tile soap  2  oz.,  treacle  to  form  a  mass  for  6  balls ;  one 
twice  a  day. — HiNDS. 


48  MEDtCiis^ES    FOB   HOKSES 

9.  Spermaceti  1  oz.,  balsam  of  copaiva  1  oz.,  benzoin  2 
dr.,  sulphm-  2  oz.,  elecampane  2  oz.,  p.  squill  4  dr.,  emetic 
tartar  2  dr.,  syrup  of  poppies  to  form  a  mass  for  8  balls. — 
B.  Claeke. 

10.  Liquorice  powder  i  oz.,  liuseed  or  barley  meal  1  oz., 
tar  1  dr.,  honey  to  form  a  ball. 

11.  Castile  soap,  aniseed,  liquorice,  of  each  5  oz.,  Bar- 
badoes  tar  6  oz.,  ammoniacum  3  oz.,  balsam  of  Tolu  1  oz., 
honey  q.  s.  to  make  a  mass  for  12  balls;  one  every  morn- 
ing for  a  fortnight. — Tapiin. 

12.  Digitalis  1  dr.,  nitre  2  dr.,  liquorice  4  di-.,  tar  enough 
to  form  a  ball. — Clatee. 

13.  Digitalis  i  dr.,  camphor  1  dr.,  emetic  tartar  1  dr., 
nitre  3  di-..  Unseed  meal  1  dr.,  make  up  with  Barbadoes 
tar,  and  give  one  daily.— Spoonee.  See  also  Mixed  Balls 
(Pectoral  Cordial). 

14.  Ex.  belladonna  J  to  1  dr.,  aloes  Barbadoes  in  powder 
1  dr.,  nitre  2  dr.  Common  mass  to  form  into  a  bolus. 
For  chronic  cough. — TusON. 

BALLS     FOR     INFLAMMATION     OF     THE     LUNGS 
BRONCHITIS,   &c. 

1.  Antimonial  powder  2  di-.,  digitalis  3  di-.,  nitre  3  dr., 
cream  of  tartar  3  dr.,  honey  to  form  a  ball ;  1  every  4,  6, 
or  8  hours,  in  inflammation  of  the  lungs. — Blaine. 

2.  Digitalis  1  dr.,  emetic  tartar  li  dr.,  nitre  3  dr., 
honey  q.  s. ;  when  the  pulse  intermits,  reduce  the  dose  to 

half. — YOTJATT. 

3.  Nitre  6  dr.,  emetic  tartar  2  dr.,  flour  and  syrup  to 
form  a  ball ;  twice  a  day. — White. 

4.  Digitalis  1  dr.,  emetic  tartar  1  dr.,  nitre  3  dr.,  sul- 
phur 1  dr.,  linseed  meal  2  dr. ;  beat  together  with  palm 
oil.— Clatee. 

5.  Epidemic  catarrh..  To  the  last  add  2  drachms  of  the 
Physic  Mass  (No.  10)  :  repeat  this  twice. 

6.  For  pneumonia.  White  Hellel)ore  J-  dr.  (or  extract 
of  belladonna  2  dr.,  or  digitalis  1  dr.,  or  calomel  1  dr., 
with  opium  i  dr.),  emetic  tartar  3j,  nitre  and  linseed  meal 
each  2  dr. ;  one  twice  a  day. — Spooner. 

7.  In  the  advanced  stage,  when  suiipuration  has  taken 


BALLS   AND    BALL   MASSES  49 

place.     Carbonate  of  ammonia  IJ  dr.,  opium  1  dr.,  aniseed 
i  oz.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. — Spoonee. 

8.  Cough  Ball.  Digitalis  \  dr.,  camplior  and  emetic 
tartar  each  1  dr.,  nitre  3  dr.,  and  linseed  meal  1  dr.,  to  be 
made  up  with  Barbadoes  tar. 

CORDIAL  BALLS.  For  exhaustion  from  over-e.\ertion 
and  as  a  stimulant  to  weak  stomachs.  Their  frequent  and 
umiecessary  use  is  hurtful. 

1.  Ginger  and  gentian  equal  parts,  treacle  to  form  a 
mass ;  dose,  1  oz.  to  IJ  oz. — V.  C. 

2.  Can-away,  bruised  raisins,  of  each  4  parts,  ginger  and 
palm  oil,  of  each  two  parts. — Youatt. 

3.  Aniseed,  carraway,  cardamom,  each  1  oz.,  saffron  2  dr., 
sugar  candy  4  oz.,  liquorice  powder  IJ  oz.,  Spanish  juice 
(softened  with  water)  2  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  i  oz.,  wheat 
flour  q.  s.  ,•  dose,  1  oz.  to  1|  oz. — Beacken. 

4.  Aniseed,  caraway,  sweet  fennel,  liquorice,  of  each 
4  oz. ;  of  ginger  and  cassia,  each  1 J  ozs. ;  honey  to  form  a 
mass. — White. 

5.  Ginger,  caraway,  each  4  lbs.,  gentian  1  ft,  palm  oil 
4^  fts.,  beat  together ;  dose,  1  oz.  to  1|  oz. — Clatee. 

6.  Gentian  8  oz.,  ginger  4  oz.,  coriander  8  oz.,  caraway 
8  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  J  oz.,  treacle  q.  s. ;  dose,  1^  oz. — Blaine. 

7.  Aniseed,  caraway,  ginger,  each  8  oz.,  gentian,  grains 
of  pai'adise,  cumin,  and  turmeric,  each  4  oz.,  cassia  2  oz., 
oil  of  caraway  2  dr.,  treacle  to  form  a  mass;  dose,  1^  oz. 
To  keep  it  moist,  add  2  oz.  of  acetate  of  potash. 

8.  Cumin,  aniseed,  caraway,  each  4  oz.,  ginger  2  oz., 
treacle  q.  s. ;  dose,  1^  oz.  to  2  oz. — White. 

9.  Pimento  1  fts.,  sifted  barley  meal  2  fts.,  treacle  q.  s. ; 
dose,  IJ  oz. — B.  CiAEKE. 

MIXED  BALLS.     Cordial  Astringent  Ball.     Cordial  ball 

(No.  2)  1  oz.,  catechu  1  di*.,  opium  10  gr. ;  to  washy  horses, 

before  or  after  a  journey. — Youatt. 
Cordial  Anodyne  Balls.     1.  Cordial  mass  (No.  6)   10  dr., 

camphor  1  dr.,  opium  20  gr. — Blaine. 

2.  Oinum  \  dr.  to  2  scruples,  soap  2  dr.,  ginger  1  dr., 

aniseed  4  dr.,  oil  of  caraway  \  dr.,  treacle  q.  s. — White. 
Balsamic  Cordial  Ball.     Cordial  mass  (No.  6)  1  oz.,  myrrh 

1  dr.,  balsam  of  Tolu  1  dr, — Blaine, 

4 


50  MEDICINES   FOR   HORSES 

Pectoral  Cordial  Balls.  1.  For  old  coughs.  Fenugreek, 
aniseed,  cumin,  safflowor,  cleeamjjane,  coltsfoot,  sulphur, 
of  each  3  oz.,  liqviorice  juice  1  oz.,  olive  oil  8  oz.,  honey 
8  oz.,  Genoa  treacle  12  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  1  oz.,  wheat  meal 
li  lb.,  or  q.  s. ;  one  ball  or  2  oz.  (dissolved  in  water  or 
warm  wort),  every  day  for  12  or  15  days  if  required. — 
Quince. 

2.  Elecampane  ^  oz.,  ginger  If  dr.,  squill  1  dr.,  oil  of 
aniseed  20  drops,  syrup  of  Tolu,  q.  s. — White. 

Diuretic  Cordial  Balls,  to  fine  the  legs  of  debilitated  and 
overworked  horses,  and  sometimes  given  in  old  coughs,  &c. 

1.  Resin  2  oz.,  soap,  nitre,  caraway,  of  each  2  oz.,  ginger 
1^  oz.,  sulphur  2  oz.,  oil  of  caraway  f  dr.,  oil  of  jimiper 
i  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  mass. 

2.  Soap  and  common  turpentine  each  4  dr.,  ginger  1  dr., 
opium  I  dr.,  caraway  seed  q.  s.  for  1  dose. — White. 

3.  Strained  turpentine  8  oz.,  resm  4  oz.,  olive  oil  2  oz., 
soap  8  oz. ;  melt  together  and  add  powdered  ginger  6  oz., 
pimento  6  oz.,  liquorice  jiowder  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass. 

4.  Resin  4  dr.,  nitre  2  dr.,  and  ginger  1  dr.,  with  suffi- 
cient soap  to  form  a  ball. — Spoonee. 

DIURETIC  BALLS.  For  swelled  legs,  grease,  &c.,  for  carry- 
ing off  bad  humours.  And  in  many  chrome  diseases.  The 
too  frequent  use  of  diuretics  injures  the  kidneys,  and 
weakens  the  system.     (See  Alterative  Balls,  further  back.) 

1.  Resin,  soap,  nitre,  of  each  equal  parts,  beaten  together 
into  a  mass ;  dose,  1  oz.  to  1\  oz. — V.C. 

2.  Common  turpentine  4  oz.,  Castile  soap  4  oz.,  caraways 
8  oz.,  ginger  1  oz.,  flour  q.  s. — White. 

3.  Resm  16  oz.,  white  soap  16  oz.,  nitre  8  oz.,  dried 
common  soda  2  oz.,  oil  of  juniper  4  oz. ;  beat  together, 
adding  flour  if  required ;  dose,  1  oz.  to  1|^  oz. 

4.  Nitre  1  lb,  Castile  soap  f  ft,  common  turpentine  1  ft, 
barley  meal  2|  lbs.,  or  sufficient ;  dose,  _about  1  oz. — B. 
Claeke. 

5.  Wliite  soap  8  oz.,  nitre  3  oz.,  resin  3  oz.,  camphor  3 
dr.,  oil  of  juniper  3  dr.  For  6  balls ;  1  every,  or  every 
other  morning. — Taplin. 

6.  Common  turpentine  16  oz.,  sulphur  24  oz.,  nitre  8  oz., 
honey  8  oz.,  flour  or  linseed  meal  q.  s.;  dose,  1^  oz. 


BALLS    AND    BALL   MASSES  51 

7.  Camphor  2  dr.,  nitre  1  oz.,  flour  and  syrup  to  form  a 
ball ;  for  stoppage  of  water. — White. 

8.  Yellow  resin  4  fts.,  common  turpentine  2  fts.,  yellow- 
soap  2  fts.,  melt  together,  and  add  nitre  1  ft. — Blaine. 

9.  Common  turpentine  (or  powdered  resin)  i  oz.,  Imseed 
meal  i  oz.,  ginger  i  dr.,  palm  oil  q.  s. — Yottatt. 

10.  Yellow  resin  2  oz.,  common  turpentine  4  oz.,  soap 
3  oz.,  melt  together,  stir  in  1  oz.  sweet  oil,  add  oil  of  ani- 
seed i  oz.,  oil  of  juniper  i  oz.,  gmger  2  dr.,  linseed  meal 
q.  s. ;  mix,  and  divide  into  8  balls ;  1  a  day  till  the  water 
is  affected. — Hinds. 

11.  Eesui  2^  lbs.,  cream  of  tartar  i  ft,  sulphur  i  ft,  lin- 
seed meal  1  ft,  palm  oil  1  ft  ;  dose,  1  oz.  to  2  oz. — Clater. 

12.  Nitre  1  oz.,  vermilion  i  oz.,  resin  1  oz.,  camphor 
i  oz.,  honey  q.s.  for  4  balls. — Lebas. 

13.  Powdered  yellow  resm  4  dr.,  nitrate  of  potash  2  dr., 
p.  ginger  1  dr. ;  beat  up  mtli  soap. — Spoonee. 

14.  Nitre  8  oz. ;  oxysulphuret  of  antimony  1  oz.,  sul- 
phur 8  oz.,  resin  8  oz.,  oil  of  juniper  1  oz.,  yellow  soap 
8  oz.,  treacle  to  form  a  mass  ;  dose,  1^  oz. 

15.  AMiite  soap  1  oz.,  extract  of  juniper  berries  q.  s. 
for  2  balls. — Bourgelat. 

Tonic^  Diuretic  Ball.  Gentian  1  di-.,  ginger  |  dr.,  suljihate 
of  iron  2  dr.,  dim-etic  mass  (No.  11)  ^  oz.,  oil  of  juniper 
10  di-ops,  syi-up  of  squills  i  oz. ;  t\vice  a  day  in  dropsy  of 
chest :  less  fi-equently  in  swelled  legs. — Clater. 

Tonic  and  Diuretic  Ball  for  Pleurisy.  Sulphate  of  copper 
li  dr.,  ginger  and  gentian  2  dr.  each,  with  Venice  turpen- 
tine.— Spooner.  (See  also  Leicester  Bed  Balls,  and  Miscel- 
laneous Balls,  further  on.) 

FEVER  BALLS. 

1.  Emetic  Tartar  ^  dr.,  camphor  |  dr.,  nitre  2  di-., 
common  mass  6  dr.,  or  q.  s.  for  1  ball ;  to  be  given  once  or 
twice  a  day.— Morton. 

2.  Camphor  1  dr.,  nitre  6  dr.,  antimonial  powder  2  dr., 
flour  and  syi'up  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

3.  Antimonial  powder  2  dr.,  nitre  3  dr.,  cream  of  tartar 
2  dr.,  honey  to  form  a  ball  j  in  influenza  twice  a  day,  after 
a  mild  laxative. — Blaine. 

4.  See  Balls  for  Inflammation  of  Lungs,  No.  4. — Ciatee. 


52  MEDICINES    FOE   HORSES 

BALLS  FOR  FAECY  AND  GLANDERS.  Mr.  Coleman 
says  he  has  tried  the  various  preparations  of  arsenic,  anti- 
mony, copper,  mercury,  zinc,  aconite,  digitalis,  hemlock, 
henbane,  hellebore,  nightshade,  &c.,  in  glanders,  without 
any  specific  or  curative  effect.  Mr.  Youatt  considers  it 
useless  to  attempt  the  cure  of  glandered  horses ;  but  that 
farcy  in  its  early  stages  and  mild  form  may  be  successfully 
treated.  Mr.  Blaine  says,  "  All  the  mercurials  have  been 
used  with  benefit  in  farcy  ;  but  they  must  be  discontinued 
as  soon  as  the  mouth  is  affected,  or  sickness,  loss  of  appe- 
tite, &c.,  produced."  Mr.  Finlay  Dun  says  glanders  is 
incurable,  and  recommends  immediate  slaughter.  He  after- 
wards adds,  that  life  may  be  prolonged  by  generous  diet ; 
and  further  recommends  sulphate  of  copper  and  arsenic. 

1.  Ethiops  mineral  2  dr.,  blue  pill  1  dr.,  prepared  anti- 
mony 3  dr.,  diuretic  mass  4  di\     One  every  morning. 

2.  Strong  mercurial  ointment  2  to  3  dr.,  guaiacum  3 
dr.,  soap  4  dr.,  fenugreek  12  dr.,  treacle  to  form  a  mass, 
for  6  balls.    [See  Mercurial  Alterative  Balls,  further  back.] 

3.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  dr.,  corrosive  sublimate  8  gr., 
linseed  powder  ^  oz. — White. 

4.  Corrosive  sublimate  10  gr.,  gradually  increased  to  20, 
gentian  2  ch-.,  ginger  1  dr.,  syruj)  to  form  a  ball ;  to  be 
given  night  and  morning  till  some  effect  is  produced ; 
when  the  mouth  is  affected,  the  sublimate  may  be  ex- 
changed for  1  dr.  sulphate  of  copper. — Youatt. 

5.  Corrosive  sublimate  10  to  20  gr.,  opium  |  to  1  dr., 
powdered  aniseed  i  oz.,  with  syrup  to  make  a  ball. 

6.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  dr.,  calomel  20  gr.,  common 
turpentine  3  dr.,  liquorice  powder  and  syrup  q.  s.  for  one 
ball. — Coleman. 

7.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  dr.,  white  arsenic  8  gr.,  corro- 
sive sublimate  8  gr.,  linseed  powder  ^  oz.,  syrup  to  form  a 
ball.— White. 

8.  Ethiops  mineral  2  dr.,  opium  10  gr.,  liquorice  powder 
and  mucilage  to  from  a  ball ;  to  be  given  twice  a  day  till 
the  breath  or  urine  is  affected.-^HiNDS. 

9.  Sidphate  of  iron  2  dr.,  Peruvian  bark  1  oz.,  opium 
i  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. — Smith. 

10.  Cantharides  4  gr.,  gradually  increased  to  6  or  8  gr., 


BILLS    iNi)    i3ALL   MASSES  6^ 

gentian,  ginger,  and  caraway,  each   1    dr. ;  syrup  q.  s. ; 
every,  or  every  other  day. — Vines. 

11.  Sulphate  of  iron  2  dr.,  iodide  of  potassium  10  gr., 
ginger  1  dr.,  gentian  2  dr.,  made  into  a  ball  with  treacle. 

SrOONEE. 

12.  Diniodide  of  copper  1  dr.,  gentian  1|  dr.,  pimento 
1  dr.,  cantharides  5  gr. ;  for  one  ball. — MoETON. 

13.  Sulphate  of  zinc  15  gr.,  cantharides  7  gr.,  pimento 
or  ginger  15  gr.,  treacle  and  oatmeal  to  form  a  ball ;  1 
daily. — Beacy  Claek. 

14.  Sublimate,  arsenic,  vei'digris,  each  8  gr.,  sulphate  of 
copper  20  gr.  for  one  ball  (with  common  mass  q.  s.) ;  the 
dose  may  be  gradually  increased,  carefully  watching  its 
effects,  but  should  never  exceed  15  gr.  of  sublimate  and 
arsenic. — Blaine. 

15.  Sublimate  10  gr.,  gentian  2  dr.,  ginger  1  dr.,  linseed 
meal  ^  oz.,  palm  oil  to  form  a  ball ;  night  and  morning  for 
a  fortnight ;  for  farcy. — Clatee. 

16.  Sulphate  of  copper  |  dr.  to  1  dr.,  ginger  and  gen- 
tian, each  1  dr.,  linseed  meal  and  palm  oil  to  form  a  ball ; 
morning  and  night  for  a  fortnight,  then  daily  as  long  as 
necessary  :  in  glanders. — Clatee. 

17.  Sti'ong  mercurial  ointment  3  oz.,  white  soap  2  oz., 
starch  2  oz.,  form  a  mass  and  divide  into  12  balls  ;  1  every 
morning. — Moieoud. 

18.  Assafoetida  3  oz.,  vermilion  2  oz.,  muriate  of  lime 
3  dr.,  galangal  1  oz.,  strong  mercurial  ointment  2  oz. ; 
beat  together  into  a  uniform  mass,  and  divide  into  6 
balls  ;  one  every  other  morning. — Lebas. 

19.  Ethiops  mineral  8  oz.,  powdered  burdock  root  16  oz., 
treacle  q.  s. ;  make  into  32  balls. — MoiRorD. 

20.  Antihecticum  Poterii  2  dr.,  with  6  dr.  of  cordial 
ball ;  every  other  day. — Lawrence. 

21.  Calomel  1  oz.,  assafoetida  4  oz.,  galangal  powder 
1  oz.,  mercurial  ointment  2  oz.  Mix,  and  form  6  balls. 
One  every  other  morning. — Lebas. 

22.  Hydrar<jyro-iodide  of  potassium  (see  Hydrargyri  et 
Potassii  lodidum.  Pocket  Formulary)  3  oz.,  powdered 
althaea  root,  and  honey  q.  s.  to  make  100  balls.  Give 
from  one  to  eight  daily,  gradually  increasing  the  dose  to 
the  latter  number. — Bouchaedat. 


54  MEDiCIKES    FOR   HORSES 

BALLS  FOR  GREASE.  See  Dim-etic  BaUs,  and  alterative 
Balls. 

BALLS  FOR  YELLOWS,  OR  JAUNDICE,  AIVD  IN- 
FLAMMATION OF  LIVER  (HEPATITIS). 

1.  For  hepatitis  without  purgmg :  calomel  1  dr.,  anti- 
monial  powder  2  dr.,  aloes  3  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball ; 
one  every  four  or  five  hours,  till  the  bowels  are  opened. — 
Blaine. 

2.  Calomel  i  Ai:,  aloes  1  dr.,  soap  2  dr.,  rhubarb  ^  oz., 
synip  to  form  a  ball ;  to  be  given  every  12  hours,  till  it 
purges  moderately. — White. 

3.  Aloes  2  dr.,  calomel  1  dr.,  syrup  to  make  a  ball, 
twice  a  day. — Yoijatt. 

4.  Opium  1  di'.,  calomel  1  dr.,  emetic  tartar  2  dr., 
liquorice  powder  3  di-.,  syi-up  to  form  a  ball  j  once  every 
12  hours. — White. 

5.  Opium  J  dr.,  calomel  1  dr.,  resin  3  dr.,  carbonate  of 
potash  2  dr.,  with  soft  soap.  To  be  preceded  by  blisters 
to  the  side,  and  purgative  draughts. — Spoonee. 

Yelloios  {Jaundice)  ivithout  Fever.  1.  Calomel  1  dr.,  aloes 
2  dr.,  soap  2  dr. ;  for  one  ball ;  night  and  mornuig  till 
purged,  then  so  as  to  keep  the  bowels  lax. — Blaine. 

2.  Calomel  |  dr.,  aloes  li  dr.,  Castile  soap  2  dr.,  rhu- 
barb 3  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

3.  In  the  latter  stage,  when  not  costive,  calomel  12  gr., 
sidphate  of  copper  1  dr.,  gentian  3  dr.,  oak  bark  3  di'., 
chamomile  3  di'.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball;  once  or  twice  a 
day. — Blaine. 

PHYSIC  OR  PURGING  BALLS.  The  animal  should  be 
prepared  by  bran  mashes  for  two  days,  and  the  ball  given 
fasting  in  the  mornuig.  Gentle  exercise  with  a  ball  is 
useful,  but  not  after  it  begins  to  operate.  Genuine  Barbadoes 
aloes  alone  should  be  used  (from  the  gourd,  not  melted), 
and  the  dose  seldom  need  exceed  6  dr.  A  week  should 
be  allowed  after  the  operation  of  one  l)all  before  another 
is  given.     See  Aloes,  in  the  Veterinary  Materia  Medica. 

1.  (V.  C.  Cathartic  Mass.)  Bruised  B.  aloes  8  oz.,  olive 
oil  1  oz. ;  melt  together  in  a  vessel  placed  in  hot  water  j 


IBALLS   AND    BALL   MASSES  £5 

remove  it  from  the  fire,  add  3  oz.  of  treacle,  and  stir  all 
together ;  tlose,  6  to  12  dr.,  equal  to  4  to  8  di\  of  aloes. 

2.  (V.  C.  Stronger.)  To  each  dose  of  the  last  add  from 
4  to  8  drops  of  croton  oil. 

3.  Aloes  Barbadoes  in  small  pieces  8  parts,  glycerin  2 
parts,  ginger  in  powder  1  part.  Melt  together  in  a  water- 
bath,  and  thoroughly  incorporate  by  constant  stirring.  If 
desirable,  gentian  may  be  substituted  for  ginger.  Dose, 
from  6  to  8  dr. — TrsoN. 

4.  B.  aloes  4  to  8  dr.,  soap  3  to  4  dr.,  ginger  1  dr.,  oil  of 
cloves  10  drops  (or  oil  of  caraway  or  aniseed  20  drops), 
water  1  dr.  or  q.  s. ;  beat  together  into  a  mass. — White. 
Mr.  W.  says  it  is  the  best  that  can  be  employed. 

5.  B.  aloes  15  oz.,  ginger  1  oz. ;  mix  and  beat  up  with 
8  oz.  of  palm  oil.     Dose,  1  oz.  to  li. — Youatt. 

6.  B.  aloes  24  dr..  Cape  aloes  12  dr.,  olive  oil  4  dr. ; 
treacle  12  dr.;  dose,  7  to  14  dr. ;  mix  as  No.  1. — MoRTOisr. 

7.  B.  aloes  5  dr.,  7^  dr.  or  9  dr.,  oil  of  caraway  10 
di'ops ;  made  up  with  palm  oil  or  lard. — Mr.  Blaine's 
Nos.  1,  2,  and  3. 

8.  Melt  B.  aloes  (in  a  tin  vessel  immersed  in  boiling 
water)  -n-ith  a  fifth  of  its  weight  of  treacle,  and,  while  soft, 
pour  it  into  paper  moulds  ;  1  oz.  is  a  full  dose  for  a  large- 
sized  saddle  or  coach  horse. — B.  Claek.  [For  a  conve- 
nient apparatus  for  melting  and  casting  these  balls,  see 
Mr.  Bracy  Clark's  Pharmacopoeia  Equina ;  or  Vol.  V  of 
the  Pharmaceutical  Jommal.] 

9.  B.  aloes  5  to  8  dr.,  cream  of  tartar  2  dr.,  oil  of  cloves 
10  di'ops,  treacle  to  form  a  ball. — Peall. 

10.  Aloes  7  dr.,  Castile  soap  4  dr.,  aromatic  powder  1  dr., 
oil  of  caraway  6  cb'ops ;  mucilage  to  form  a  ball. — Hinds. 

11.  B.  aloes  7i  parts,  Socotrine  aloes  7i  parts,  ginger 
1  part ;  mix  the  powders,  add  7j  parts  of  palm  oil,  and 
beat  to  a  mass ;  keep  it  in  a  jar  closely  covered ;  dose, 
li  oz.  to  If  oz. — Clatee. 

12.  B.  aloes  13^  oz.,  lard  6  oz.,  treacle  li  oz.,  water 
IJ  oz. ;  put  them  in  an  earthen  vessel,  placed  in  boiling 
water ;  mix,  and  form  the  mass  into  18  balls. — McEwEN. 

13.  Aloes  and  hard  soap  each  5  oz.,  pearl  ashes  1  oz., 
powdered  ginger  1  oz.  Melt  in  a  ladle  and  divide,  while 
warm,  into  8  balls. 


56  ilEDICINES   FOE   HOESES 

Mercurial  Physic  Balls.     1.  Cathartic  mass  (No.  10  above) 
10  to  14  dr.,  calomel  1  dr.  to  \^  dr. ;   mi.x. — Clatee. 

2.  For  stomach  staggers :  aloes  1  oz.,  calomel  i  di'., 
cascarilla  3  di'.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

LAXATIVE   BALLS. 

1.  Ipecacuanha  1  dr.,  aloes  3  to  4  dr.,  liquorice  powder 
aud  mucilage  to  form  a  ball. — Hinds. 

2.  Aloes  3  to  4  dr.,  soap  3  dr.,  oil  of  caraway  20  drops, 
syrup  q.  s. — White. 

3.  Aloes  3  to  4  dr.,  soap  4  dr.,  emetic  tartar  2  dr.,  mu- 
cilage to  form  a  ball. — Hinds. 

For  other  Formulae  (see  Alterative  Balls,  laxative,  fur- 
ther back). 

NAUSEATING  BALLS.  These  are  given  in  inflammatory 
diseases. 

1.  Powdered  white  hellebore  |  dr.,  linseed  meal  4  dr., 
treacle  to  form  a  ball ;  one  night  and  morning  till  some 
effect  is  produced  :  in  inflammation  of  the  kidneys. — 
Clater. 

2.  White  hellebore  20  gr.,  common  mass  or  other  proper 
material  to  form  a  ball ;  give  one  every  4,  6,  or  8  hours, 
till  .symptoms  of  nausea  appear,  taking  care  not  to  carry 
it  too  far. — Percivai.  (See  Fever  Balls  further  back.) 
See  Hellebore,  in  Veterinary  Materia  Medica. 

STOMACHIC  BALLS.  For  indigestion,  and  during  re- 
covery from  debilitating  diseases  which  have  impaired  the 
appetite.     A  mild  purge  should  be  previously  given. 

1.  Gentian,  quassia,  grains  of  paradise,  of  each  3  dr., 
Venice  turpentine  q.  s.  for  1  ball. — Blaine. 

2.  Gentian  2  or  3  dr.,  carbonate  of  soda  1  dr.,  ginger 
1  dr.,  treacle  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

3.  Chamomiles  2  dr.,  calumba  2  dr.,  common  salt  1  dr., 
fenugreek  2  dr.,  sp'up  to  form  a  ball. 

4.  Myrrh  1|  dr.,  cascarilla  2  dr.,  Castile  soap  1  dr., 
syrup  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

5.  Laxative  SiomacTiic  Ball.  Aloes  3  dr.,  rhubarb  3  dr. 
carbonate  of  soda  2  dr.,  ginger  \\  di-.,  treacle  to  form  a 
ball. — White. 


BALLS   AlIB   BALL   MASSES 


67 


6.  Calumba  and  chamomile  in  powder,  each  2  dr.,  Venice 
treacle  J  oz.,  oil  of  caraway  25  drops,  honey  q.  s. — 
Lawrence.     See  Tonic  Balls,  for  other  formula. 

TONIC  BALLS.  In  diseases  attended  with  general  debility, 
and  to  restore  strength  after  a  tedious  ilhiess. 

Vegetable  Tonics.  1.  Peruvian  bark  1  oz.,  opium  \  dr., 
ginger  \\  dr.,  oil  of  caraway  20  drops,  treacle  to  form  a 
ball. — White. 

2.  Sulphate  of  quinine  1  dr.,  gentian,  oak  bark,  and 
honey,  to  form  a  ball. — Moiroud. 

3.  Gentian  1  dr.,  ginger  i  dr.,  cascarilla  1  dr.,  treacle 
and  linseed  meal  to  form  a  ball. — Clater. 

4.  Myrrh  2  dr.,  mustard  flour  1  dr.,  cantharides  5  gr., 
chamomile  4  dr.,  Venice  turpentine  q.  s.  for  one  ball. — 
Blaine. 

5.  Gentian  4  dr.,  chamomile  2  dr.,  carbonate  of  iron 
1  dr.  ginger  1  dr.,  syrup  q.  s.  for  one  ball. — YouATT. 

6.  Quassia  2  dr.,  canella  2  dr.,  opium  ^  dr.,  ginger  1  dr., 
treacle  q.  s. — White. 

Mineral  Tonics.  1.  Sul])hate  of  iron  4  oz.,  ginger  4  oz., 
common  mass  10  oz. ;  beat  together  to  form  a  mass  ;  dose, 
1  oz.  to  i\  oz.— V.  C. 

2.  Sulphate  of  iron  \  oz.,  aromatic  powder  2  di-.,  muci- 
lage q.  s.  to  form  a  ball. — White. 

3.  Scales  of  iron  12  oz.,  gentian  8  oz.,  honey  to  form 
a  mass. — Moieoud. 

4.  Myrrh  3  dr.,  sulphate  of  iron  2  di-.,  chamomile  3  dr., 
ginger  1  dr.,  Venice  turpentine  or  palm  oil  to  form  a  ball. 
— Blaine. 

5.  Gentian  4  dr.,  chamomile  2  dr.,  carbonate  of  iron 
1  dr.,  ginger  1  dr.,  syrup  for  1  ball.— YouATT. 

6.  Sulphate  of  iron  2  dr.,  carbonate  of  potash  2  dr.,  cas- 
carilla 2  dr.,  caraway  4  dr.,  treacle  q.  s. — White. 

7.  Sulphate  of  iron  1  dr.,  carbonate  of  soda  2  dr.,  myrrh 
1  dr.,  ginger  1  dr.,  cantharides  6  gr.,  caraway  5  oz.,  treacle 
q.  s. — White. 

8.  Tonic  mass.  Sulphate  of  copper  2  oz.,  ginger  2  oz., 
common  mass  12  oz.,  beat  together ;  dose,  1  oz.  to  1\  oz. 
—V.  C. 

9.  Sulphate  of  copper  and  ginger,  of  each  1  dr.,  canella 
4  dr.,  conserve  of  roses  q.  s.  for  one  ball. — Blaine. 


58  MEDICINES    FOR   HOUSES 

10.  White  arsenic  5  to  10  gv.,  aniseed  i  oz.,  opium  J  dr., 
treacle  q.  s. ;  sometimes  2  dr.  of  sulphate  of  zinc  may  be 
added. — White. 

11.  Ai-senic  10  gv.,  gentian  and  cascarilla,  of  each  3  dr., 
conserve  of  roses  q.  s. — Blaine. 

Mild  Alterative  Tonics.  To  promote  condition ;  a  mild  dose 
of  jjliysic  should  be  previously  given. 

1.  Aloes  1  dr.,  Winter's 'bark  2  dr.,  verdigris  1  dr., 
treacle  or  honey  q.  s. 

2.  A^rsenic  8  gr.,  pimento  1  dr.,  extract  of  gentian  4  dr. ; 
daily. 

3.  Nitre  1  oz.,  sulphur  6  dr.,  physic  mass  i  oz.,  gentian 
6  dr.,  ginger  i  oz.,  palm  oil  q.  s.  for  4  balls.  One  daily, 
after  an  attack  of  stomach  staggers. — Clater. 

Tonic  Condition  Balls.  Ginger  and  camphor,  of  each  1  dr., 
gentian  and  sulphate  of  iron,  of  each  2  dr. ;  make  up  ^^th 
linseed  meal. — Spooneb. 

WORM    BALLS. 

1.  Calomel  1  or  2  dr.  at  night,  and  an  aloetic  ball  in  the 
morning. — Clatee. 

2.  Emetic  tartar  2  dr.,  ginger  a  scruple,  linseed  meal 
and  treacle  to  form  a  ball;  one  every  morning  an  hour 
before  feeding.— Yotjatt. 

3.  Calomel  8  gr.,  arsenic  8  gr.,  tin  filings  1  oz.,  Venice 
turpentine  ^  oz. ;  mix ;  and  give  every  morning  fasting, 
for  a  fortnight. — Blaine. 

4.  Common  salt  i  oz.,  gentian  2  dr.,  rust  of  iron  2  dr., 
savin  1  dr.,  treacle  to  form  a  ball ;  to  be  given  every 
morning  for  a  week ;  then  a  purging  ball. 

5.  B.  aloes  6  dr.,  ginger  1^  dr.,  oil  of  wormwood  20 
drops,  carbonate  of  soda  2  dr.,  syrup  to  form  a  ball ;  i  dr. 
or  1  dr.  of  calomel  may  be  added,  or  given  the  previous 
night ;  to  be  repeated  at  intervals  of  10  days  if  reqiured. — 
White. 

6.  Emetic  tartar  2  dr.,  common  mass  6  dr. ;  to  be  given 
for  6  mornings,  and  a  purging  ball  on  the  seventh. 

7.  Assafoetida  2  d:-.,  calomel  1  or  2  dr.,  savin  li  dr.,  oil 
of  wormwood  20  drops,  syrup  q.  s. ;  at  night,  and  a  physic 
ball  in  the  morning. 

8.  Emetic   tartar   1  dr.,   sulphur   1  dr.,  linseed  meal  4 


BALLS    AND   BALL   MASSES  69 

dr.,  palm  oil  to  form  a  ball ;  one  every  morning  after  a 
mercm-ial  physic  ball. — Clatee. 

9.  For  long  round  worms.     Emetic  tartar  2  dr.,  ginger 

1  dr.,  tin  filings  6  dr.,  linseed  meal  1  dr.,  palm  oil  to  form 
a  ball. 

10.  Assafoetida  4  oz.,  gentian  2  oz.,  strong  mercimal 
ointment  1  oz.,  honey  to  form  a  mass,  for  16  balls ;  one  or 
more  every  morning. — Lebas. 

11.  For  tajjeioonn.  ^  ft.  to  1  ft  of  cnsso  in  a  drench ; 
or  1  to  2  oz.  of  Kamala. 

MISCELLANEOUS  BALLS. 

Garlic  Ball.  Beat  garlic  to  a  paste  "mth  enongh  linseed  or 
liquorice  to  form  a  mass ;  dose,  10  dr. 

Camphor  Ball.  Mix  into  a  ball  2  dr.  of_  camphor  with 
liquorice  powder  and  syrup  enough  to  give  it  a  proper 
consistence. 

Iodine  Ball.  Iodine  5  gr.,  linseed  meal  5  dr.,  palm  oil  to 
form  a  ball. 

Ball  to  prevent  Hydropliohia.  Skullcap  2  scruples,  bella- 
donna 2i  gr.,  form  them  into  a  ball,  to  be  given  night  and 
mor)iing ;  "the  second  week  2  balls,  the  third  3  balls,  and 
tliis  continued  for  6  weeks. — YOUATT. 

Leicester  Bed   Balls.     Nitre   1  ft,  resin  1  lb.  common  soda 

2  oz.,  Castile  soap  i  ft,  ginger  2  oz.,  oil  of  juniper  2  dr., 
cinnabar  ^  oz. ;  dose,  1^  oz. 

Balls  for  Appetite.     Equal  weights  of  assafoetida,  saffron, 

bay-berries,  and  aloes,  made  into  a  mass  with  extract  of 

gentian  ;  dose,  1  oz. — Lebas. 
Aiiodtjne  Ball.     Opium  \  dr.  to  1  dr.,  camphor  1  dr.,  aniseed 

\  oz.,  soft  extract  of  liquorice  q.  s.— White. 
Antispasmodic   Ball.     Opium    1  dr.,   powdered   belladonna 

10  gr.,  linseed  meal  3  dr.,  palm  oil  or  treacle  q.  s. ;  twice 

or  thrice  a  day,  in  spasm  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder. — 

Clatee. 
Ball  for  Roaring.     The  cough  Ball,  No.  12,  may  be  tried ; 

and  the  compound  iodine  ointment  rubbed  on  the  throttle 

for  some  weeks  or  months. 
Stimulating  Diaphoretic  Ball.     Emetic  tartar  li  dr.,  ginger 

2  dr.,  camphor  i  dr.,  opium  2  scruples,  oil  of  caraway  15 


60  MtiDiCIIfES   FOR  HORSES 

drops,  honey  to  form  a  ball;  for  hide-bound  and  unhealthy 

coat  without  any  other  disease. — White. 
Baetlett's  Perspirative  Ball.     Dover's  jjowder  3  dr.,  cam- 
phor 1  dr.,  treacle  q.  s. 
Hixd's  Sweating  Ball.     Emetic  tartar,  1   dr.,  assafoetida  1 

dr.,  liquorice  powder  and  syrup  to  form  a  ball ;  repeat  in 

12  hours  if  required. 
Grease  Ball.     Liver  of  antimony  16  oz.,  salt  of  tartar  16  oz., 

gum    gviaiacum,   fenugreek,  parsley  seed,  of  each  4  oz., 

treacle  to  form  a  mass  ;  dose.  It  oz. 
Sedative  Ball.     In  slight  colic.     Assafoetida  4  dr.,  ojnum 

4  dr.,  syrup   and   liquorice   powder   to   form   4   balls. — 

Hinds. 
Cordial  and  Anodyne  Ball.     Castile  soap  3  dr.,  camphor 

2  dr.,  ginger  \^  dr.,  and  Venice  tm-pentine  6  dr.,  into 

1  ball. 
Stimulating  Diuretic  Balls.      Cantharldes  1  dr.,  aloes  2  dr., 

strained  turpentine  1  oz.,  honey  q.  s. ;  make  4  balls,  and 

roll  in  elecampane  powder. — M.  Gohiee,  i}i  Dropsy. 
Stimulating  Expectorant  Ball.     Assafoetida  3  dr.,  galbanum 

1  dr.,  carbonate  of  ammonia  |  dr.,  ginger  1^  dr.,  honey 

q.  s. — White. 
Sedative  Aperient  Ball.     In  epidemic  catarrh  or  distemper. 

Balls  for  Inflammation  of  the  Lungs  (No.  4)  6  dr.,  physic 

l)all  (No.  10)   2  dr. ;    one  at   night   and  another  in  the 

morning. — Clater. 
Zinc  and  Valerian  Ball. — O.xide  of  zinc  1  oz.,  valerian  2  oz., 

oil  of  hartshorn  1  oz.,  soft  extract  of  juniper  berries,  q.  s. 

to  make  4  balls ;  one,  twice  a  day. — Eckel. 

CHEWING  BALLS,  or  Masticatoeies.  The  ingredients 
are  to  be  tied  in  a  piece  of  rag,  and  fixed  by  a  string  so 
that  it  may  be  kept  in  the  mouth  and  chewed. 

1.  Emollient  Masticatory.  Marshmallow  root,  liquorice, 
gum  Arabic,  of  each  (in  powder)  1  oz,,  honey  1  oz.,  or  q.  s. 
— Lebas. 

2.  To  promote  Appetite.  Assafoetida,  liver  of  antimony, 
juniper  berries,  bay-wood,  pellitory,  made  into  a  mass  with 
verjuice,  tied  as  above. — Solletsell. 

3.  Assafoetida,  common  salt,  mastic,  galangal,  each  1  oz. 
— Lebas, 


BALLS    AND    BALI   MASSES  61 

4.  Assafcetida  2  oz.,  salt  1  oz. — Botjrgelat. 

5.  Angelica   i   oz.,   assafcetida  1  oz.,  vinegar  2  dr. — 

SOLLEYSELl. 

6.  riour  of  mustard  i  oz.,  sal  ammoniac  2  dr.,  powdered 
pellitory  1  oz. — Moirotjd. 


ELECTUARIES  &  CONFECTIONS. 

Electuaries  are  compound  medicines  in  the  state  of  a  soft 
paste.  Wlien  the  paste  is  hard  enough  to  be  formed  into 
balls,  the  compound  resembles  ball  masses  or  balls,  under 
which  we  have  placed  them.  French  Pharmaciens  often 
xise  the  term  opiates  as  nearly  synonymous  with  electuaries  ; 
but  we  only  apply  the  name  (opiates)  to  compounds  con- 
taining opium. 

Opiate  Confection.  {Veterinary.)  Opium  1\  oz.,  mace- 
rate in  a  little  hot  water  till  soft,  and  rub  it  to  a  paste ; 
then  add  ginger  3  oz.,  caraway  6  oz.,  treacle  1|  lb ;  dose, 
1^  to  2  oz.  —White. 

DEMULCENT  AND  PECTORAL  ELECTUARIES. 

1.  MarshmaUow  root  and  liquorice  (in  powder)  of  each 
2  oz.,  honey  10  oz. ;  mix ;  to  be  given  at  twice,  with  a 
spatula. — MoiEOUD. 

2.  Melt  \  oz.  spermaceti  with  2  oz.  of  olive  oil,  add  6  oz. 
of  honey,  and  mix  with  1^  oz.  p.  marshmallow  root ;  to  be 
given  daily. — Moieoud. 

3.  {With  Opium.)     Powdered  gum  2  oz.,  marshmallow 

1  oz.,  extract  of  opiimi  2  dr.,  honey  3  oz. ;  for  2  doses. 

4.  Cough  Electuary  ivith  Manna.  Manna  2  oz.,  honey 
6  oz. ;  in  the  morning ;  said  to  have  cured  acute  bron- 
chitis. 

5.  Powdered  liquorice  8  oz.,  elecampane  4  oz.,  sulphur 

2  oz.,  hoii?y  of  squill  32  oz. ;  mix  ;  for  8  doses. 

STIMULANT  AND  CORDIAL  ELECTUARIES.  [M. 
Lebas  gives  a  form  for  an  electuary  {Theriaque)  of  many 
ingi-edients,  the  first  of  which  (cordial  powder)  itself  cou- 


62  MEDICINES   FOR   HOUSES 

tains  26  different  substances.     We  only  insert  here  the 
simple  fonuulffi  of  the  French  veterinarians.] 

1.  Powdered  angelica  root  2  oz.,  niasterwort  1  oz.,  mu- 
riate of  ammonia  |  oz.,  honey  8  oz. — Moieoud. 

2.  Stimulant  and  Expectorant.  Assafcetida  4  oz.,  ele- 
campane 8  oz.,  honey  32  oz.,  for  6  doses. — Moieottd. 

3.  Powdered  cassia  and  ginger,  each  1  oz.,  honey  6  oz. 
— Moieoud. 

TONIC  AND  ASTRINGENT  ELECTUARIES. 

1.  Pied  oxide  of  iron  8  oz.,  gentian  12  oz.,  extract  of 
juniper  berries  32  oz.  MoiEorD  prescribes  6  oz.  for  a 
horse,  or  1  oz.  for  a  sheep ;  but  these  are  larger  doses  than 
are  customary  in  England. 

.    2.  Permian  bark  6  oz.,  nitre  1  oz.,  camphor  |  oz.,  honey 
16  oz. — Lebas. 

3.  Powdered  bistort  1  oz.,  calcined  magnesia  4  dr., 
honey  4  oz. — Moieottd. 

PURGATIVE  AND  LAXATIVE  ELECTUARIES.  Aloe- 
tic  compounds  are  usually  made  stiff  enough  to  form  into 
balls.     See  Physic  Balls. 

1.  Oil  of  croton  20  drops,  powdered  semia  4  dr.,  honey 
q.  s. — Moieoud. 

2.  Sulphate  of  magnesia  4  oz.,  honey  16  oz.,  bran  a 
quart  ;  infuse  the  bran  in  sufficient  hot  water,  and  add  the 
salt  and  honey  ;  twice  a  day  till  the  bowels  are  relaxed.— 

BOUEGELAT. 

3.  Sulphate  of  soda  or  magnesia  5  oz.,  maima  4  oz., 
bran  1  quart ;  as  the  last.— Moieoud. 

DIURETIC  ELECTUARIES.  1.  Acetate  of  potash  2  oz., 
oxymel  of  squills  4  oz. ;  oatmeal  or  flour,  to  give  a  soft 
consistence. — Moieoud. 

2.  Nitre  1  oz.,  camphor  2  dr.  (rubbed  with  yolks  of  2 
eggs),  oxymel  4  oz.  j  flour  or  liquorice  powder,  to  give  a 
suitable  consistence. — Moieoud. 

DIAPHORETIC  ELECTUARIES. 

1.  Sulphur  1  oz.,  powdered  angelica  1^  oz.,  honey  5  oz. 
— Moieoud. 


BALLS    AND    BALL    MASSES  63 

2.  Prepared  antimony  1|  oz.,  elecampane  2  oz.,  treacle 
4  oz. 

3.  Kermes  mineral  1  oz,,  powdered  sassafras  and  ele- 
campane, each  2  dr.,  honey  6  oz. 

VETERINARY   POWDERS. 

Me.  B.  CLARK'S  PULVIS  UTILIS,  as  a  vehicle  for  other 
powders.  Turmeric  ^  lb,  oatmeal  or  sifted  barley-meal  4  fts.j 
mix. 

AROMATIC  POWDER,  OR  HORSE  SPICE. 

1.  y^niTvJs,  Aromatic  Poioder.  Caraway  6  oz.,  pimento 
4  oz.,  ginger  2  oz.,  liquorice  2  oz. ;  mix ;  dose,  6  to  8  dr. 

2.  Common  Horse  Spice.  Caraway,  aniseed,  coriander 
seeds,  of  each  16  oz.,  turmeric  32  oz.,  cumin  seeds,  liquo- 
rice, and  ginger,  of  each  8  oz. ;  mix. 

3.  This  is  inserted,  not  as  a  desirable  form,  but  as  a 
specimen  of  what  is  used  in  the  trade.  Cayenne  2  oz., 
bean  flower  45  lbs.,  mustard  hulls  45  lbs.,  cumin  seed  15  lbs., 
caraway  15  lbs.,  turmeric  9  lbs.,  bay-berries  3  lbs.,  ivory- 
black  1  lb. — Geay's  Supplement,  The  cordial  powder  of 
Lebas  contains  26  ingredients. 

ABSORBENT  POWDERS. 

1.  Carbonate  of  soda  2  to  4  dr.,  ginger  1  dr.,  calumba 
2  to  4  dr. — White. 

2.  Prepared  chalk  4  dr.,  gentian  2  to  4  dr.,  aromatic 
powder  (above)  1  or  2  dr. 

ALTERATIVE,  DIURETIC,  AND  DIAPHORETIC 
POWDERS.  For  swelled  legs,  grease,  foul  humours,  hide- 
bomid,  mange,  surfeit,  old  coughs,  and  to  render  the  skin 
fine.  They  are  usually  given  with  moistened  corn.  Too 
free  use  of  these  powders  may  prove  injurious. 

1.  Sulphur  2  parts,  black  antimony  1,  nitre  1 ;  mix ; 
dose  \  oz.  to  1  oz. — V.  C. 

2.  Sulphur"  4  dr.,  levigated  antimony  2  di-.,  nitre  3  dr. ; 
mix  ;  in  hide-bound  and  unthrifty  coat,  every  night. — 
YotJATT. 

3.  Ethiops  mineral  5  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  1  oz. ;  mix ; 
give  every  night  in  a  mash  ;  for  grease, — Blaine. 


64i  MEDICINES   FOE  HOESES 

4.  Siilpliur  12  oz.,  antimony  (black)  12  oz. ;  mix,  and 
davide  into  24  powders ;  for  mange,  &c. — Taplin. 

5.  Nitre  16  oz.,  resin  16  oz.,  prepared  antimony  4  oz., 
flowers  of  sulpliur  24  oz. ;  mix  j  dose,  1  oz.  every  evening, 
^^■ith  moistened  corn,  for  6  or  8  times. 

6.  Equal  weights  of  antimony,  niti'e,  and  cream  of 
tartar ;  dose,  6  to  9  dr. — Blaine. 

7.  Nitre  6  oz.,  vermilion  i  oz.,  resin  6  oz.,  tartarized 
antimony  2  dr. ;  for  12  doses. 

8.  Sulphur  i  oz.,  prepared  antimony  1  dr. ;  once  a  day, 
in  the  food,  for  10  or  14  days. — Clatee. 

9.  Taplin's  Alterative  Powders.  Le\'igated  antimony 
8  oz.,  sulphur  8  oz.,  Ethiops  mineral  4  oz.,  cream  of  tartar 
4  oz. ;  in  12  doses. 

10.  Cream  of  tartar  2  dr.,  nitre  2  dr.,  sulphur  4  dr. ;  for 
one  dose. — Blaine. 

11.  Nitre  1  oz.,  resin  1  oz.,  rust  of  iron  1  oz.,  emetic 
tartar  15  gr. ;  dose,  1  oz. — Lebas. 

12.  In  Farcy.  Prepared  antimony  12  oz.,  sulphur  12  oz., 
cream  of  tartar  8  oz.,  cinnabar  6  oz. ;  mix,  and  di\'ide  into 
20  doses ;  one  every  night,  in  corn. — Taplin. 

CONDITION  POWDERS.  A  want  of  condition  is  gene- 
rally indicated  by,  and  connected  with,  the  unthi-ifty  state 
of  the  coat,  which  the  above  (alterative)  powders  are  sup- 
posed to  remedy.  Sometimes  warm  and  bitter  tonics  are 
added  to  those  ingredients  which  promote  the  action  of 
the  skin  and  kidneys,  to  increase  the  appetite  and  promote 
nutrition ;  but  the  most  scientific  practitioners  condemn 
these  additions;  and  particularly  when  the  animal  is 
changmg  its  coat. 

1.  Black  antimony  4  oz.,  flowers  of  sulphur  2  oz.,  bean 
flour  or  barley-meal  |  ft ;  a  tablespoonful  with  corn. — B. 
Claek. 

2.  Sulphur  2  fts.,  fenugi'eek  4  fts.,  cream  of  tartar  1  ft, 
liquorice  1  ft,  nitre  1  ft,  black  antimony  |  ft,  gentian  5  ft, 
aniseed  i  ft,  common  salt  1  ft ;  dose,  1  oz.,  daily  for  2  or 
3  weeks. 

3.  Gentian  4  oz.,  liquorice  4  oz.,  fenugreek  16  oz.,  dia- 
pente  6  oz.,  nitre  4  oz.,  salt  4  oz. ;  to  promote  appetite. 

4.  Aroniatic  jjowder  2  oz.,  assafoetida  \  oz.,  cream  of 


BALLS    A^D   BALL   MASSES  65 

tartar  f  oz.,  crocus   luetallorum    ^   oz. ;    for  2  closes. — 
Lebas, 

DIAPENTE.  This  should  be  made  with  equal  parts  of 
myrrh,  gentian,  ivory-dust,  bay-berries,  and  birthwort.  A 
worthless  compound  is  commoiily  sold  for  it.  The  follow- 
ing is  one  of  the  least  objectionable  substitutes : — Equal 
parts  of  gentian,  turmeric,  bay-berries,  and  mustard. 
Another  form  in  use  is— Bay-berries  2i  its.,  guaiacum  wood 

2  lbs.,  gentian  14  tbs.,  bole  2  lbs.,  bark  which  has  been  used 
for  the  tincture  2  its. 

Fevei-^  Powders.  1.  Nitre  1  oz.,  camphor  2  drs.,  tartarized 
antimony  2  drs. — White. 

2.  Nitre  6  drs.,  camphor  2  di-s.,  calx  of  antimony  1^  drs. 

Hl>DS. 

3.  Nitre  1  oz.,  unwashed  calx  of  antimony  2  drs.,  anti- 
monial  jiowder  3  drs.,  camphor  1  dr. — White. 

Pectoral  Powder.  Powder  of  gum  tragacanth  6  oz.,  nitre 
1  oz.  ;  give  a  tablespoonful  iii  the  mashes  or  food.  lu 
coughs. 

Purgative  Poivder.     Ep.som  salt  8  oz.,  aloes  10  oz.,  aniseed 

3  oz.  ;  dose,  2  oz. — Lebas. 

Poivder  for  the  Gripes.  Aloes,  senna,  ginger,  cream  of 
tartar,  of  each  1  lb ;  mix.  This  was  formerly  honoured 
with  the  title  of  Pulvis  Sanctus. 

Worm  Powders.  1.  Sulpluir  12  parts,  quicksilver  4  parts  ; 
triturate  together  till  the  mercury  is  extinct;  then  add 
male  fern,  rhubarb,  tansy,  gentian,  of  each  4  parts, 
wormwood,  savin,  aloes,  castor  seeds,  of  each  1  part ;  dose, 
li  oz.  to  2  oz. — Lebas. 

2.  Fern  root  4  parts,  tansy  2,  assafoetida  and  aloes,  each 
1  iDart ;  dose,  as  the  last. — Moieoud. 

3.  Sulphur  1  oz.,  emetic  tartar  4  drs.,  common  salt  8  oz., 
liver  of  antimony  1  oz. ;  mix ;  for  6  doses ;  one  daily  in 
wetted  corn. — Hinds. 

Mk.  White's  Compound  Arsenical  Poivder.    White  arsenic 

1  cU-.,  cream  of  tartar  9  di's. ;  mix  carefully ;  give  10  grs. 

3  times  a  day. 
Hayxe's  Bitter  Powder,  for  loss  of  appetite.     Sulphate  of 

potash  2  oz.,  gentian  1  oz.,  Hour  q.  s.     To  be  given  twice 

a  day. 

6 


66  MEDICINES  FOE  HOUSES 

MEDICATED  PROVENDER.  Bruised  oats  4  lbs.,  bruised 
juniper  herries  2  oz.,  common  salt  1  oz. ;  mix.  Nourisliing 
and  stimulant. — Delafond. 


67 


f  iquiti  ll^bidnes  for  '§msts. 

DRINKS,  DRENCHES,  MIXTURES,  MASHES, 

ETC. 

BrinJcs,  properly  speaking,  are  liqiiicls  which  the  horse  will 
take  willingly  ;  Drenches  are  those  liquid  medicines  which 
nivxst  be  administered  by  a  horn,  bottle  or  funnel.  This 
distinction  is  not  always  observed. 

MILD  DRINKS.  Demulcent,  pectoral,  cooling,  and  diu- 
retic. 

Barley  Water.  Barley  1  lb,  water  2  gallons  ;  boil  to  6 
quarts,  strain,  and  add  1  ft  of  honey.  If  common  barley 
is  used,  it  should  be  first  boiled  with  a  little  water,  and 
this  throwTi  away.  If  pearl  liarley  is  used,  this  will  be 
less  necessary.    In  inflammatory  and  catarrhal  complaints. 

Oatmeal  Qruel.  1.  Mix  gradually  4  oz.  of  sweet  oatmeal 
with  as  much  cold  water  as  will  form  a  smooth  mixture. 
Put  2  quarts  of  water  in  a  saucepan  over  a  clear  fire,  and 
before  it  gets  very  hot,  add  the  mixture  of  oatmeal  and 
water  ;  stir  the  whole  till  it  boils,  and  let  it  simmer  a  little 
■while.     Take  care  not  to  smoke  it. 

2.  Mix  half  a  pint  of  oatmeal  with  the  same  measure  of 
water ;  triturate  them  in  a  mai'ble  mortar  with  a  wooden 
pestle,  for  some  time ;  then  add  1  gallon  of  boiling  water, 
and  boil  for  a  few  minutes. — B.  Claek. 

Blanche  Water.  Wet  3  or  4  handfuls  of  bran  M-ith  scald- 
ing water,  and  work  it  with  the  hands  till  it  becomes 
clammy ;  then  add  as  much  more  water  as  may  be  desired. 
A  mixture  of  oatmeal  and  cold  water  is  also  called  wliite 
water,  and  in  France,  potato  or  other  starch  is  used  for  the 
same  purpose. 

Linseed  Tea.  1.  Infuse  4  oz.  of  linseed  in  3  pints  of  boiling 
M'ater  for  several  hours  near  the  fire,  stirring  occasionally ; 
then  strain  off,  and  add  4  oz.  of  honey  j  for  2  doses ;  iu 
coughs,  &c. 


68  MEDICINES    EOR   HORSES 

2.  Pour  1  gallon  of  boiling  water  on  ^  lb  of  linseed  j 
let  the  infusion  stand  till  nearly  cold,  then  pour  off  the 
clear  liquid. — Youatt. 

Compound  Decoction  of  Linseed.  Linseed  4  oz.,  liquorice 
root  4  oz.,  mallows  2  handf  uls  ;  boil  in  six  quarts  of  water 
for  half  an  hour.  Let  the  horse  drink  it  freely. — 
Blaine. 

Cooling  and  Refreshing  Drinh.  Barley  water,  linseed  tea, 
or   blanche   water,   8   quarts,    simple    oxymel    16   oz. — 

MOIEOITD. 

Cooling  and  Diuretic  Drink.  Dissolve  1  oz.  of  nitre  in  a 
pail  of  water. 

Camphorated  Diuretic  Drinh.  Water  10  quarts,  nitre  1  oz., 
eamplior  (rubbed  with  yolks  of  2  or  3  eggs),  i  oz. ;  mix, 
and  let  the  animal  drink  when  thirsty. — Moieoud. 

MASHES. 

Bran  Mash.  Bran  or  pollard  |  peck;  put  it  in  a  bucket, 
and  ]iour  on  it  enough  scalding  water  to  wet  it  thoroughly ; 
let  it  be  well  stirred  with  a  stick,  or  worked  with  the 
hands,  and  let  it  stand,  covered  up,  till  new-milk  warm. 
Emollient  and  slightly  laxative.  When  intended  to  be 
nutritive,  oats  sliould  be  scalded  with  the  bran. — B. 
Clark. 

Malt  Mash.  Upon  a  peck  of  ground  malt  pour  a  gallon  and 
a  half  of  boiling  [better  not  quite  boiling]  water.  Stir 
frequently,  and  give  when  new-milk  warm.  Nutritive,  in 
diseases  attended  with  great  debility. — Maekiiam. 

Linseed  Mash.  HiNDS'  Cooling  Decoction.  Linseed  2  quarts, 
coirso  sugar  2  oz.,  boiling  water  6  (juarts ;  simmer  for 
three  or  four  hours. 

DRENCHES. 

DRENCHES  FOR  DIARRHEA,  DYSENTERY,  AND 
DIABETES. 

For  Diarrhoea,  1.  Restringent  Draught.  Opiiim  1  dr., 
prepared  challc  1  oz.,  comj)Ouud  powder  of  tragacauth 
1  oz.,  mint  water  1  pint. — WmxE. 


DRENCHES  69 

2.  Laudanuiu  1  oz.,  ether  1  oz.,  tannin  1  scruple,  given 
in  gruel  or  ale.  This  is  to  be  given  when  the  purging  lias 
gi.iie  on  for  some  days,  or  when  laxatives  have  been  given 
without  the  desired  effect. — Fiklay  Dun. 

3.  Prepared  chalk  8  oz.,  gum  Arabic  i  oz.,  catechu  2  drs., 
thin  starch  ^  pint. — Blaine. 

4.  Prepared  chalk  1  oz.,  catechu  2  drs.,  p.  opium  1  dr., 
p.  ginger  1  dr. ;  rub  together  with  the  contents  of  1  egg  and 
add  I  pint  of  thin  gruel. — Clatee. 

5.  For  purging  from  corrosive  siihlimate.  Powdered 
opium  2  drs. ;  rub  down  with  the  yolk  and  white  of  one 
egg,  and  the  contents  of  two  more  eggs,  and  gradually  stir 
in  i  pint  of  thin  gruel. — Clatee. 

Draught  for  FnterHis.  Opium  li^  dr.,  tartar  emetic  1  dr., 
spirit  of  nitrous  ether  1  oz. ;  mix,  and  add  1^  pint  of 
linseed  oil. — Spoonee. 

For  Dysentery  or  Molten  Grease.  1.  Castor  oil  8  oz., 
ipecacuanha  1  dr.,  opium  20  grs.,  liquid  arrowroot  8  oz. 
Kepeat  once  or  twice  at  intervals  of  6  hours ;  then  sub- 
stitute boiled  starch  for  the  castor  oil. — Blaine. 

2.  Opium  2  drs.,  nux  vomica  h  dr.,  ipecacuanha  1  dr.,  red 
wine  1  quart ;  mix ;  morning  ami  evening. 

For  Diabetes.  1.  Opium  1  dr.,  ginger  2  drs.,  p.  oak  bark,  1 
oz.,  decoction  of  oak  bark  1  pint. — White. 

2.  Sulphuret  of  potash  2  drs.,  uva  ursi  4  drs.,  oak  bark 
1  oz.,  catechu  2  drs.,  opium  ^  dr.  In  strong  chamomile 
tea. — Blaine. 

3.  Calomel  3  drs.,  cascarilla  2  drs.,  salt  of  steel  2|  drs., 
salt  of  tartar  1^  drs.,  tincture  of  opium  |-  oz.,  strong  beer 
q.  s. — White. 

CAEMINATIVE    AND   ANTISPASMODIC    DRENCHES 

for  Spasmodic  and  Flatulent  Colic,  cr  Gripes. 

[N.B.  As  most  of  these  drenches  would  be  injurious  in 
injlammation  of  the  boivels  (Enteritis),  care  should  be 
taken  to  distmguish  between  this  disease  and  colic.  Inflam- 
mation is  known  by  the  quick  but  small  pulse,  redness  of 
the  inside  of  the  eyelids,  coldness  of  the  ears  and  legs, 
and  scanty  and  high-coloured  urine.  In  colic,  the  attacks 
and  remissions  of  pain  alternate;  in  iuHummation,  the 
pain  and  distress  continue.     In  colic,  the  pain  is  relieved 


70  MEDICINES   FOR   HORSES 

by  fi-iction  and  motion ;  in  inflammation,  it  is  increased. 
Cold  is  sudden  in  its  attack ;  inflammation,  more  gradual 
in  its  approach.] 

1.  Brady,  rum,  or  gin  from  4  to  6  oz.,  hot  water  12  oz. 
Mr.  ClABK  directs  a  wineglassf ul  of  spirits  to  half  a  pint 
of  warm  water.  A  pint  of  ale  is  sometimes  substituted. — 
White. 

2.  Half  a  large  bottle  of  Daffy's  elixir,  with  hot 
water. 

3.  Tincture  of  pimento  4  oz.,  warm  water  half  a  pint. — 
B.  Claee. 

4.  Anodyne  carminative  tincture  (White's,  see  below) 
2  to  4  oz.,  hot  water  half  a  pint — White. 

5.  Antispasmodic  Draught.  Spirit  of  nitric  ether  2  oz., 
tincture  of  opium  1  oz.,  solution  of  aloes  (see  below)  4  oz. 
—V.  C. 

6.  Spirit  of  nitric  ether  ^  oz.,  tincture  of  opium  \  oz., 
oil  of  turpentine  3  oz.,  gniel  1  pint. — Blaine. 

7.  Rectified  oil  of  turpentine  3  oz.,  tincture  of  opium 
1  oz.,  warm  ale  1  pint.  If  it  does  not  relieve,  repeat  half 
the  quantity  with  1  oz.  aloes  dissolved  in  warm  water. — 

YotTATT. 

8.  Strong  ether  1  oz.,  laudanum  2  oz.,  oil  of  peppermint 
1  dr.,  ale  and  gin,  each  a  i  of  a  pint. — Blaine. 

9.  Camphor  2  drs.,  tincture  of  opium  1  oz.,  oil  of  per- 
permint  30  drops,  warm  water  1  pint.  In  a  violent  at- 
tack, add  1  oz.  of  spirit  of  turpentine. — Peall. 

10.  The  juice  of  three  or  four  onions,  with  half  a  pint  of 
sound  ale. 

11.  Pepper  ^  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  3  oz.,  laudanum  1  oz., 
ale  i  of  a  pint. — Blaine. 

12.  Pep])er  a  teaspoonf  ul,  juice  of  2  or  3  large  onions, 
gin  5  of  a  pint. — Blaine. 

13.  Laudanum  1  oz.,  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  4  oz.,  oil  of 
juniper  1  oz.,  tincture  of  benzoin  2  oz.,  spirit  of  sal  volatile 
1\  oz.,  oil  of  peppermint  1  dr. ;  mix ;  give  a  fourth  part 
in  warm  water  or  gruel,  and  repeat  in  2  or  3  hours,  if 
necessary. — Hinds. 

14.  For  Flatulent  Colic.  Tincture  of  opium  1  oz.,  Tinct. 
of  myrrh  1  oz.,  sulphuric  ether  6  drs.,  te])id  water  a  pint. 
Repeat  in  an  houi-,  if  relief  is  not  obtained. — Spoonee, 


DRENCHES  71 

15.  Heat  ^  tb  of  common  salt,  and  quench  it  in  a  quart 
of  good  ale.     Give  it  new-milk  warm. — Downing. 

16.  In  fiatulent  colic,  token  there  is  an  evident  disten- 
sion of  the  abdomen  with  gas :  chloride  of  lime  ^  oz.  (or 
solution  of  chlorinated  soda  1  oz.),  water  1  quart ;  repeat 
in  half  an  hour  if  necessary. 

17.  Ginger,  caraway,  nutmeg,  pimento,  of  each  1  oz., 
bruise,  and  boil  them  in  f  of  a  pint  of  ale  for  a  few 
minutes,  and  add  a  gill  of  any  spirit. — Taplin. 

18.  Sol.  of  ammonia,  Sp.  nitrous  ether,  compound  tinc- 
ture of  gentian,  of  each  equal  parts.     Dose,  1  to  2  fluid  oz. 

19.  Cordial  Antispasmodic  Drink,  for  Spasm  of  the  Dia- 
plu'agm.  Ginger  1  dr.,  caraway  2  drs.,  laudanum  1  oz., 
sweet  spirit  of  nitre  1  oz.,  warm  ale  ^  a  pint. — Clater. 

20.  Antispasmodic  Drench  for  Suppression  of  Urine. 
Nitre  1  oz.,  camphor  2  drs.,  linseed  tea  1  pint. — White. 

21.  Diuretic  Camphor  Drinh.  Camphor  2  to  3  drs., 
olive  oil  1  oz.,  carbonate  of  soda  1  dr. ;  rub  together, 
and  add  tincture  of  opium  1  dr.,  warm  water  2  pints. 

22.  Antispasmodic  Drenches  for  Locked  Jaw.  1.  Opium 
1^  drs.,  camphor  2  drs.,  ginger  3  drs.,  brandy-and-water 
8  oz. — White. 

2.  Ether  ^  oz.,  tincture  of  opium  2  oz.,  camphor  1  dr., 
peppermint  water  \  x'i'^t. 

CORDIAL  AND  STIMULANT  DRENCHES.  These  are 
used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  cordial  balls,  but  are  pre- 
ferred where  a  more  quick  and  powerful  operation  is 
required.  Some  of  them  are  used  in  indigestion  and 
slight  attacks  of  colic. 

1.  Cloves  and  black  pepper  (bruised)  i  oz.,  boiling  water 
a  quart ;  infuse  and  give  warm. — MoiROUD. 

2.  Any  of  the  cordial  balls  may  be  dissolved  in  warm 
ale  or  water,  or  peppermint  water,  and  given  as  a  drench. 

3.  A  bottle  of  wine,  1  oz.  of  extract  of  juniper  ben-ies, 
and  5  oz.  of  cinnamon  in  powder. — M.  Lebas. 

4.  Peppermint  2  oz.,  chamomiles  \  oz. ;  infuse  in  2h: 
pints  of  water,  and  give  it  before  it  is  cold ;  in  slight  colic 
and  indigestion. 

PECTORAL    AND      EMOLLIENT    (or    DEMULCENT) 


72  MEDICINES    FOR    HORSES 

DRENCHES,  for  Coughs,  Epidemics,  Catarrh,  &c.  (For 
linseed  tea,  compound  infusion  of  linseed,  barley  water, 
&c.,  see  Deenches,  further  back.) 

1.  Simple  Emulsion.  Olive  oil  2  oz.,  honey  3  oz.,  soft 
water  1  pint,  subcarbonate  of  potash  2  drs. ;  mix. — 
White. 

2.  Linseed  tea  1  pint,  honey  2  oz.,  syrup  of  poppies  2 
oz.,  linseed  oil  4  oz. 

3.  B.    Cxaek's    Cough   Brench.      Linseed    oil    2    oz., 
.   solution  of  potash  40  drops,  treacle  1  oz.,  soft  water  10  oz. ; 

mix. 

4.  Powdered  gum  2  oz.,  warm  water  a  quart ;  dissolve, 
and  add  honey  4  oz. — Moihoud. 

5.  Marshmallow  root  2  oz.,  water  22  or  3  pints  ;  boil  to 
a  quart,  and  add  4  oz.  of  treacle. — Moieoud. 

6.  Liquorice  and  Marshmallow  roots,  of  each  2  oz.,  water 
a  quart ;  boil,  strain,  and  add  honey  4  oz. — Lebas. 

7.  Marshmallow  root  2  oz.,  4  pojipy  heads,  water  a 
quart ;  boil  for  ten  minutes,  strain,  and  add  to  the  liquor 
before  quite  cold,  4  oz.  of  olive  oil,  6  oz.  of  honey  and 
the   yolks  of  4  eggs,  pre\'iously  well  beaten  together. — 

MOIEOFD. 

8.  Compound  decoction  of  linseed  (see  liquid  medicines 
for  horses,  further  back)  1  quai-t,  oxymel  3  oz. 

9.  Spei'maceti  \  oz.,  olive  oil  3  oz. ;  melt  together,  and 
add,  honey  4  oz.,  water  (by  a  little  at  a  time)  to  make  uj) 
a  quart ;  repeat  it  twice  a  day. — Lebas. 

10.  Camphorated  'Emulsion.  Reduce  to  jiowder,  with  a 
few  drops  of  spirit,  1  or  2  drs.  of  camphor,  add  12  drops  of 
oil  of  aniseed,  and  \\  oz.  of  simple  emulsion. — White. 

11.  Oxymel  of  squills  2  oz.,  opium  \  dr.  to  1  dr.,  linseed 
oil  2  oz. ;  mix  the  opium  with  8  oz.  of  water,  and  add  the 
other  ingredients  ;  for  one  dose. — White. 

12.  For  chronic  coughs.  Tar-water  \  pint,  lime-water  \ 
pint,  powdered  squill  1  dr.,  every  morning. — Blaine. 

13.  In  inflammation  of  the  lungs,  or  catarrhal  fever, 
Tartarized  antimony,  2  drs.,  digitalis  I2-  drs.,  nitre  3  drs., 
simple  oxymel  4  oz.,  compound  decoction  of  linseed  8  oz. 
— Blaine. 

14.  The  same,  omitting  the  digitalis,  and  substituting 
6  oz.  of  warm  water  for  the  dec.  linseed.     In  influenza, 


DEENCHES  73 

when    soreness   of    throat   prevents    swallowing    balls. — 
Blaine. 

1.5.  In  inflammation  of  the  lungs  :  Ipecacuanha,  2  drs., 
laudanum  4  drs.,  powdered  camphor  2  drs.,  Mindererus 
sph-it  4  oz.,  linseed  tea  |-  pint. — Blaine. 

16.  In  pleurisy.  Boil  pearl  barley,  split  figs,  and 
raisins,  each  6  oz.,  and  liquorice  root  2  oz.,  in  4  quarts  of 
water  downi  to  3;    strain,  and  add  honey  1  lb,  vinegar 

1  pint ;    give  1  oz.  nitre  in  a  pint  of  this  decoction  every 
6  hours. — Taplin. 

17.  li  epidemic  {epizootic)  catarrh  ;  Spirit  of  nitrous 
ether  1  oz.,  Mindererus  spirit  6  oz.,  with  linseed  tea. — 
Blaine. 

18.  Gibson's  Drink  for  Catarrhal  Epidemic.  Colts- 
foot, hyssop,  chamonule,  of  each  a  handful,  linseed  and 
garlic,  each  1  oz.,  liquorice  root  sliced  1  oz.,  saffron  \  oz. ; 
infuse  in  2  quarts  of  boiling  water  ;  give  half  in  the  morn- 
ing and  the  rest  in  the  afternoon. 

19.  In  influenza  {after  bleeding).  Oil  of  croton  5  drops, 
nitre  4  to  6  cli-s.,  tartarised  antimony  1  dr.,  spiritof  nitric 
ether  |  oz.  to  1  oz.,  solution  of  acetate  of  ammonia  (B.  P.) 

2  to  4  oz.,  warm  water  q.  s.     Once  or  twice  daily.     Some- 
times J  oz.  of  cream  of  tai-tar  is  added. — Spoonee. 

20.  Forjnalignant  ejndeniic  Oxymel  4  oz.,  spirit  of 
Mindererus  4  oz.,  beer  yeast  4  oz.,  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  1  oz. 

DIURETIC  DEENCHES,  for  Dropsical  Complaints,  &c. 
The  use  qtf  stimulating  diuretics  in  retention  of  urine  from 
inflammation  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  is  dangerous. 

1.  Maekham's  Dropsy  Drench.  Decoction  of  worm- 
wood in  ale  2  quarts,  soap  1  oz.,  grains  of  paradise  6  drs., 
long  pepper  6  drs.,  treacle  3  oz. ;  for  one  dose,  fasting. 

2.  For  dropsy  of  the  belly.  Castile  soap  2  oz.,  strong 
beer  1  pint ;  dissolve,  and  add  cascarilla  2  drs.,  ginger  3  drs., 
oil  of  juniper  2  drs.  (or  balsam  of  copaivi  1  oz.)  ;  mix,  for 
one  dose. — White. 

3.  White  soap  1  oz.,  spirit  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  honey 
4  oz.,  decoction  of  linseed  2  quarts ;  for  two  doses. — 
Moieoud. 

4.  Strained  turpentine  2  oz.,  yolks  of  6  eggs  ;  triturate 
together  till  incorporated,  and  add  gradually  2  quarts  of 
linseed  tea;  for  2  doses. — MoiBOUD, 


74  MEDICINES   FOR   HOUSES 

5.  Wliite  wiue  and  water  4  quarts,  nitre  3  oz.,  honey 
4  oz. ;  for  3  doses. — Lebas. 

6.  Acetate  of  potash  2  or  3  oz.,  honey  6  drs.,  decoction  of 
hemp  or  linseed  2  quarts;  for  1  dose. — Moieocd. 

7.  Acetate  of  potash  2  oz.,  camphor  (rubbed  with  yolks 
of  2  eggs)  2 drs.,  decoction  of  linseed  2  quarts;  for  2 doses, 
at  an  interval  of  some  hours ;  in  irritation  of  the  urinary 
passages,  especially  arising  from  cantharides  or  resinous 
irritants. — MoiEoro. 

8.  Squill  Drench.  Decoction  of  pellitory  of  the  wall 
1  quart,  oxymel  of  squills  4  oz. — Moieoud. 

D.  ColcJiicum  Drench.  Colchicum  wine  2  oz.,  simple 
oxymel  4  oz.,  barley  water  1  quart. 

10.  Sweet  spirit  of  nitre  4  oz.,  white  wine  1  quart, 
water  2  quarts;  for  3  doses;  in  dysuria  not  arising  from 
mechanical  obstruction,  or  inflammation  of  the  neck  of  the 
bladder. — Lebas. 

11.  Saline  Diuretic  Drink.  Glauber's  salt  2  oz.,  nitre  6 
drs.,  warm  water  1  pint,  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  1  dr. — Claek. 

DRENCHES  FOR  FARCY  AND  GLANDERS. 

1.  Expressed  juice  of  cleavers  6  oz.,  strong  decoction  of 
hempseed  6  oz.,  essence  of  spruce  6  oz. ;  mix;  give  every 
evening ;  and  a  mercurial  or  arsenical  ball  in  the  morning. 
— Blaine.     See  Farcy  Balls. 

2.  For  Glanders.  Sulphate  of  copper  3  to  6  drs.,  gum 
Arabic  2  or  3  oz.,  dissolved  in  2  or  3  phits  of  water. — 
Sewell. 

FEVER  DRENCHES. 

1.  Nitre  2  drs.,  tartar  emetic  ^  dr.,  M'arm  water  or  thin 
gruel  12  oz. ;  once  or  twice  a  day. — B.  Claek. 

2.  Sweet  spirit  of  nitre  1  oz.,  spirit  of  Mindererus  6  oz., 
water  4  oz. 

3.  Draught  for  Influenza.  Spirit  of  nitrous  ether  2  oz., 
tartarized  antimony  1  dr.,  nitre  4  drs.,  warm  water  J  pint. 
— Spoonee. 

LAXATIVE  AND  PURGATIVE  DRENCHES. 

1.  Castor  oil  6  oz.,  linseed  oil  8  oz.,  gruel  q.  s. — Blaine. 

2.  Glauber's  or  Epsom  salts  6  or  8  oz.,  whey  or  gruel 
1  quart,  castor  oil  6  or  8  oz, — AVhite. 


DRENCHES  75 

3.  Barbadoes  aloes  2  di's.,  tartarized  autimony  1  dr., 
warm  water  4  oz. ;  mix,  and  add  castor  oil  4  oz. — White. 

4.  Laxative  Febrifuge  in  Influenza.  Linseed  oil  12  oz., 
nitre  3  drs.,  camphor  powdered  1  dr.,  sweet  spirit  of  nitre 
1  oz.,  warm  water  \  pint. — Clatee. 

5.  Laxative  Anodyne  Brink.  In  inflammation  of  the 
bowels ;  Linseed  oil  1  pint,  opium  2  scrujiles,  sweet  spirit 
of  nitre  6  drs.,  warm  water  4  oz. — Ciatee. 

6.  Aloes  2  or  3  drs.,  salt  of  tartar  1  dr.,  water  or  mint 
water  ^  pint;  mix,  and  add  castor  oil  4  to  6  oz. — White. 

7.  A  Cooling  Purging  Drink.  Infuse  2  oz.  senna  with 
3  drs.  salt  of  tartar  in  a  quart  of  boiling  water  for  2  hours; 
strain  and  add  4  oz.  Glauber's  salts,  and  2  or  3  drs.  of 
cream  of  tartar. — Baktlet. 

8.  Draught  for  Hepatitis.  Carbonate  of  potash,  and 
aloes,  each  2  drs. ;  dissolve  in  hot  water,  shake  with  12  oz.  of 
linseed  oil,  and  calomel  1  dr.  Repeat  twice  a  day  without 
the  aloes,  until  relief  is  obtained.  When  in  pam,  add  1  oz. 
of  tincture  of  opiiun. — Spooneh. 

STRONGER  PURGATIVE  DRENCHES. 

1.  B.  aloes  2  oz.,  gum  Arabic  1  oz.;  powder  and  mix 
them,  and  pour  on  them  a  pint  of  boiling  water.  Take 
10  gr^.  of  farine  of  croton,  and  add  to  it  gradually  4  oz.  of 
the  above  solution.  Repeat  this  dose  every  6  hours  till  it 
operates ;  in  inflammation  of  the  brain.— Clatee. 

2.  Aloes  1  oz.,  soap  2  drs.,  salt  of  tartar  1  dr.,  water 
1  pint ;  in  apoplexy  or  staggers. — White. 

3.  Infuse  1  oz.'  of  senna  in  a  quart  of  boiling  water, 
strain,  and  add  1  oz.  of  aloes  in  powder. — Bofrgelat. 

4.  Aloes  1  oz.,  sulphate  of  magnesia  2  oz.,  aniseed 
powder  \  oz.,  water  a  quart. — Lebas. 

5.  Aloes  1  oz.,  syrup  of  buckthorn  4  oz.,  warm  water 
a  quai-t. — Lebas. 

DRENCHES   FOR   STOMACH   STAGGERS,  or   Staggers 
from  Indigestion. 

1.  After  a  ball  of  aloes  and  calomel,  and  clyster  of  salt 
water ;  Spirit  of  sal  volatile  i  oz.,  cascarilla  powder  2  drs., 
warm  water  ^  pint ;  twice  a  day ;  and  the  same  without 
the  cascarilla  every  hour. — White, 


76  MEDTCTKT^S    FOE    nOnSES 

2.  Aloes  3  clrs.,  pimento  2  (Irs.,  gin^'oi'  1  (Ii'.;  infuse  in  a 
quart  of  hot  water,  and  when  cold,  add  2  oz.  spirit  of  tur- 
pentine, and  1  oz.  of  spirit  of  hartshorn.  Repeat  in  au 
hour  if  required. — BlAiNE. 

3.  Laxative  Tonic  Drinks.  Linseed  oil  1  pint,  powdered 
gentian  2  drs. ;  every  6  hours  till  the  bowels  are  properly 
opened. — Cxatee. 

4.  Common  salt  4  oz.,  ginger  2  drs.,  magnesia  1  oz., 
warm  water  1  quart. — White. 

5.  Valerian  1  oz.,  serpentary  i  oz.,  saffron  2  drs.,  infuse 
in  a  pint  of  boiling  water,  and,  when  nearly  cold,  strain 
off,  and  add  1  oz.  tincture  of  assafffitida  and  2  drs.  of 
laudanum. — Taplin. 

6.  After  a  Purgative. — Volatile  tincture  of  valerian  1 
oz.,  powdered  valerian  1^  oz.,  peppermint  water  8  oz. ; 
mi.'c,  for  a  dose. — White. 

TONIC   DEEKCHES.      Tonics   are   more   generally   admi- 
nistered in  the  form  of  balls. 

1.  Mild  Tonic  in  later  stages  of  Epidemic  Catarrh  or 
Distemper.  Gentian  1  dr.,  powdered  ginger  \  dr.,  casca- 
rilla  1  dr.,  wann  water  ^  pint,  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  h  oz. 
to  1  oz. ;  to  be  repeated  night  and  morning  unless  the 
pulse  is  quickened. — Clateb. 

2.  Gentian  root  2  oz.,  smaller  centaury  1  oz.,  worm- 
wood ^  oz. ;  boil  in  3  ])ints  of  water  to  a  quarter. — Vatel. 

3.  Clark's  Bitter  Drench.  Quassia  chips  2  oz.,  water 
3  pints ;  boil  to  2  pints ;  for  3  doses. 

4.  Quassia  1  oz.,  ginger  2  drs.,  water  2  joints ;  boil  for 
10  minutes ;  for  2  doses. 

5.  Metallic  Tonic,  Sulphate  of  zinc  \  dr.,  ginger  or 
pimento  1  dr.,  ti-eacle  1  oz. ;  mix,  and  add  gradually  12  oz. 
of  warm  water. — K.  Claek. 

6.  Egyptian  Tonic  Drhik.  In  farcy  and  nasal  gleet. 
^gyptiacum  -J  oz.,  pimento  or  ginger  ^  dr.,  warm  water 
12  oz. — Clark. 

7.  Cantliarides  Tonic  Drench  (for  the  same).  Sulphate 
of  zinc  15  grs.,  cantharides  7  grs.,  pimento  1-5  grs.,  treacle 
1  oz.,  warm  water  to  form  a  drencli. 

DEOBSTRUENT  DRENCHES. 

1.  Guaiacum  wood  2  oz.,  sassafras  1  cz.,  linseed  -J  oz., 


DEE>X'UES  77 

\vater  q.  s.  to  yield  a  quart  of  decoction ;  boil,  strain,  and 
add  of  corrosive  sublimate  10  grs.,  sal  ammoniac  2  drs. — 
Lebas. 

2.  Iodide  of  jiotassium  40  grs.,  iodine  10  grs.,  water  a 
quart. — MoiROUD. 

3.  Muriate  of  lime  -^  oz.,  water  a  quart. — MoiEOUD. 

WORM  DRENCHES. 

1.  Common  salt  2  oz.,  infusion  of  wormwood  a  quart. 
Repeat  it  for  some  days. — Moiroud. 

2.  A  quart  of  linseed  oil. — Clatee. 

3.  Oil  of  tui'ijentine  4  oz.,  linseed  or  castor  oil  8  oz., 
gruel  a  pint ;  preceded  by  a  mild  dose  of  aloes,  and  bran 
mashes. 

4.  Fern  root  2  oz.,  valerian  1  oz.,  Dippel's  animal  oil 
(empyreumatic  oil  of  hartshorn)  1  oz.,  yolks  of  2  eggs, 
honey  2  oz. ;  boil  the  I'oots  in  2  parts  of  water  to  half,  in- 
corporate the  oil  with  the  egg,  and  then  the  honey,  and 
mix  the  whole  with  the  decoction. — Vatel. 

5.  Animal  oil  1  oz.,  yolks  of  2  eggs,  honey  1  oz.,  water 
or  some  bitter  infusion  a  quart.  Chabert  recommends 
infusion  of  savory  as  a  vehicle  for  the  oil. — Lebas. 

6.  Soot  (wood  soot  ?)  in  fine  powder  2  oz.,  spirit  of 
wine  2  oz. ;  mix,  and  add  a  quart  of  infusion  of  rue,  or  of 
tansy.  Some  practitioners  prefer  milk  as  a  vehicle  for 
worm  medicines. — MoiROUD.  For  other  worm  remedies, 
see  Worm  Balls. 

*#*  Worms  may  be  prevented  by  a  properly  regulated 
dietary,  and  access  to  rock  salt. — Finlax  Dun. 

DRENCHES  for  the  MALIGNANT  EPIDEMIC,  or  DIS- 
TEMPER.—Pestilential  or  Putrid  Fever. 

1.  Gentian  1  dr.,  calumba  2  dr.,  ginger  1  dr.,  laudanum 
^  oz.,  spirit  of  niti'ous  ether  ^  oz.,  peppermint  water  3  oz. 
— Clatee. 

2.  Gentian  2  oz.,  willow  bark  6  oz.,  water  3  pints;  boil 
to  a  quart,  and  add  solution  of  acetate  of  ammonia  (B.  P.) 
6  oz. — MOIEOUD. 

3.  Dissolve  5  dr.  of  chloride  of  lime  in  8  oz.  water,  and 
add  spirit  of  nitric  ether  ^  oz.,  laudanmu  j  oz.  tincture 
of  calumba  1  oz.  j  twice  a  d;iy. — Clatee. 


78  MEDICINES   FOE  HOESES 

4.  Bruised  bark  3  oz.,  acetate  of  ammonia  (B.  P.)  4  oz., 
camphor  1  dr. ;  boil  the  bark  in  2  quarts  of  water  in  a 
covered  vessel  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour ;  strain,  and  when 
cool,  add  the  camphor  (rubbed  \vith  yolk  of  egg  or  honey), 
and  the  acetate  of  ammonia. — Lebas. 

5.  Spirit  of  nitric  ether  1  oz.,  Mindererxis'  spirit  4  oz., 
infusion  of  chamomile  6  oz.,  beer  yeast  6  oz.,  tincture  of 
opium  3  drs. — Blaine.  See  also  Antiseptic  Drenches 
(below). 

ANTISEPTIC  DRENCHES,  to  check  Mortification. 

1.  Peru\-ian  bark  1  oz.,  ginger  2  dr.,  opium  1  dr.,  fresh 
beer  q.  s. — White. 

2.  Opium  1  dr.,  carbonate  of  ammonia  1  dr.,  aromatic 
powder  2  drs.,  camphor  1|  drs.,  good  ale  or  porter,  a  pint. 

3.  Chloride  of  lime  or  soda  2  to  3  drs.,  serpentary  in 
powder  1  oz.,  fresh  beer,  or  sweet  wort  1  quart. — White. 

DRENCH  FOR  POISONING  BY  YEW.  Stronger  pur- 
gative drink  (No.  1)  4  oz.,  vinegar  4  oz.,  thick  gruel  4  oz.; 
repeat  it  every  6  hours,  without  the  croton,  till  purging  is 
produced, — Clatee. 

DRENCH  FOR  PREVENTING  HYDROPHOBIA.    1.  Box 

leaves  8  oz.,  rue  8  oz. ;  cut  them  very  tine  and  boil  hi 
3  jnnts  of  milk,  in  a  close  vessel,  for  an  liour,  and  strain ; 
boil  the  ingredients  another  hour  in  3  pints  of  water,  and 
strain ;  mix  the  decoction ;  give  a  third  part  every  morn- 
ing fasting. — Blaine. 

2.  Excise  and  cauterize  the  bitten  part  at  once.  Chloral 
hydrate,  belladonna  and  ammonia,  the  latter,  subcutane- 
ously. — F  inlay  Dun. 

Curara,  the  potent  arrow-poison  of  the  South  American 
Indians,  has  been  proposed  as  a  remedy  for  rabies. 

DRENCHES  TO  PROMOTE  PARTURITION. 

1.  Ergot  of  rye  in  line  powder  2  or  3  drs.,  pennyroyal 
water,  or  infusion  of  rue,  1  quart. 

2.  Saffron  6  drs.,  chamomile  2  oz.,  boiling  water  a  quart ; 
make  an  infusion,  to  be  given  warm.     1  oz.  of  dried  savin. 


DEENCHES  70 

^\■itll  1  oz.  of  cassia,  may  be  substituted  for  the  saffi'oii. — 
MOIROTJD. 

ANODYNE  DRENCHES. 

1.  Opium  1  dr.  dissolved  in  warm  water,  ^  pint;  add  1 
quart  of  starch  gruel. 

2.  Oil  of  peppermint  50  drops,  dissolved  in  a  pint  of 
warm  water,  with  2  oz.  of  gum  Arabic ;  add  tincture  of 
opium  I  oz. 

3.  Mix  tincture  of  oijlum  J  oz.,  with  sweet  spirits  of 
nitre  1^  oz.,  essence  of  peppermint  1  dr.,  and  water  1  pint. 

lODESTE  DRENCH.  Iodide  of  potassium  2  scruples,  iodine 
12  grs. ;  triturate  together,  and  add  gradually  a  quart  of 
water. — Moiboi'd. 


so  MEDICINES    FOR   HOUSES 

MISCELLANEOUS  LIQUID  MEDICINES. 

TINCTURES,  SOLUTIONS,  &c. 

Solution  of  Aloes.  Aloes  1  part,  water  7  parts,  proof  spirit 
1  part ;  dissolve  the  aloes  in  water  by  means  of  a  water- 
bath,  and  when  removed,  add  the  spirit.— Moeto>". 

Anodyne  Carminative  Tincture.  Opium  1  oz.,  cloves  1  oz., 
ginger  1  oz.,  old  brandy  (rum  or  giu)  1  quart ;  digest  in  a 
corked  bottle,  shaking  daily. — White. 

Ethereal  Tincture  of  Opium.  Turkey  opium  1  lb,  spirit  of 
nitric  ether  8  tbs. ;  macerate  for  a  month.  Dose,  ^  oz.  to 
1  oz.,  in  spasmodic  colic— Dickens. 

Gripe  Tincture.  Tincture  of  Pimento.  Ground  pimento 
1  ft),  rectified  spirit,  and  soft  water,  of  each  3  pints  ;  digest 
for  sonie  days  and  strain :  give  4  fl.  oz.  at  once,  and  repeat 
every  hour  till  relieved. — B.  Clark. 

Tincture  of  Foxglove.  Digest  3  oz.  of  di-ied  foxglove  m  a 
quart  of  any  spirit. — YorATT. 

Infusion  of  Foxglove.  Infuse  1  oz  of  powdered  foxglove  in 
a  quart  of  boiling  water  till  cold. — YouATT. 

Tincture  of  Myrrh.  Myrrh  2  oz.,  sand  2  oz.,  rectified  spirit 
and  soft  water,  of  each  \  pint.^B.  Clark. 

Tincture  of  Aloes  and  Myrrh.  Aloes  12  oz.,  myrrh  6  oz., 
rectified  spirit  1  gallon,  water  ^  gallon  ;  digest  l-l  days, 
frequently  shaking,  and  filter.  For  outward  use,  rectified 
wood  naphtha  may  be  substituted  for  the  spirit. — V.  C. 

Tincture  for  Colic.  Opium  1  dr.,  horseradish  2  oz.,  capsi- 
cum 1  oz.,  spirit  of  nitric  ether  1  ftj ;  macerate  14  days ; 
dose,  1  oz.,  with  2  oz.  of  spirit  of  nitric  ether,  every  2 
hours  as  long  as  necessary. — Gregory. 

Tincture  of  Croton.  Bruised  croton  seeds  1  oz.;  rectified 
spirit  16  oz.  Digest  for  7  days,  and  filter.  Dose,  k  oz.  to 
1  oz.  in  water. 

Tincture  of  Iodine.     Iodine  1  part,  rectified  spirit  8  parts  ; 

dose,  1  to  2  drs. — V.  C.     The  following  is  preferable  : 
Compound  Tincture  of  Iodine.     Iodine  1  oz.,  iodide  of  potas- 
sium 2  oz.,  spiri 


CLYSTERS  81 

Solution  of  Chloride  of  Lime.  1.  Chloride  of  liino  1  dr., 
water  8  oz.;  mix  in  a  mortar,  and  filter. — ClateBt 

2.  Chloride  of  lime  1  part,  water  10  parts. — Cheval- 

LIER. 

3.  Chloride  of  lime  1  part,  water  48  pai-ts. — Lakbae- 
EAQUE.     See  Lotions,  mider  Medicines  foe  Horses. 

Solution  of  Nitre.     Nitre  1  part,  water  7  parts. — V.  C. 

Solution  of  Ammonio- Sulphate  of  Cojyper.  Dissolve  1  part 
of  sulphate  of  eopper  in  4  parts  of  water,  and  add  ammo- 
nia until  it  begins  to  precipitate.  4  ounces  every  8  hours 
as  a  tonic. — Jeckyll. 

Solution  of  Senhane.  Extract  of  henbane  4  drs.,  spirit  of 
nitric  ether  4  oz.  Antispasmodic ;  dose,  2  oz.,  with  or 
without  solution  of  aloes. — Wright. 

For  Solutions  and  TiNCTVEES/or  outivard  use,  see  Extee- 
NAL  Applications  (Vet.  Formulary),  further  on. 

CLYSTERS. 

Laxatioe.     1.  Aloes  1  oz.,  water  2  or  3  quarts. — Yofatt. 

2.  Water  gruel  1  gallon,  olive  oil  1  pint. — White. 

3.  Epsom  salts  6  oz.  (or  common  salt  6  oz.,  or  soap 
2  oz.),  thin  gruel  or  broth  5  quarts. — Blaine. 

4.  Soft  soap  2  oz.,  warm  water  f  of  a  pailful. — B. 
Claek. 

5.  Infuse  3  oz.  senna  in  2  quarts  of  water,  and  add 
Epsom  salts  4  oz.,  honey  6  oz. — Moieoud. 

6.  Chamomiles,  fennel  seed,  coriander  seed,  of  each  1 
oz.,  caraways  \  oz. ;  boil  iu  2  quarts  of  water  to  3  pints  ; 
strain,  add  2  oz.  Epsom  salts,  and  wdien  nearly  cool, 
i  pint  of  olive  oil  and  \  pint  of  tincture  of  semia. — ■ 
Taplin. 

Purgative.     1.  Aloes  8  to  12  drs.,  salt  8  oz.,  water  1  gallon  : 

in  staggers. — White. 

2.  Senna  2  oz.,  tobacco  2  oz. ;  boil  for  a  quai-ter  of  an 

hour  in  2  quarts  of  water,  strain,  and  add  common  salt  4 

oz.,  emetic  taiiar  1  dr. ;  for  2  doses.     Very  irritating. — 

Lebas. 
Emollient,     Dried  mallow  leaves,  or  marshmallow  root,  1^ 

oz.,  linseed   ^   oz.,  water  2  quarts ;  boil  and  strain ;  to  be 

used  warm. — MoiEOUD, 

G 


82  MEDICINES   FOR   HOESES 

Emollient  and  Anodi/ne.  1.  Mix  6  drs.  of  starch  in  powder 
with  a  httle  cold  water,  and  add  it  to  a  decoction  of  6 
poppy -heads  in  2  quarts  of  water ;  boil  for  an  instant  and 
strain  :  in  intestinal  irritation. — MoiEOUD. 

2.  Gruel  2  pints,  liquid  starch  or  arrowTOot  1  pint, 
powdered  opium  1  dr.  to  1,^  dr. — AVhite. 

3.  Boil  6  poppy-heads  in  4  quarts  of  water  till  reduced 
to  2  quarts  j  add  prepared  chalk  2  oz.,  boiled  starch  2 
quarts  ;  once  or  twice  a  day  hi  diarrhoea. — Blaine. 

4.  A  double  handful  of  coarse  bran,  6  poppy-heads, 
2  quarts  of  water ;  boil  and  strain. — Moieoud. 

5.  Tripe  liquor  (or  suet  boiled  in  milk)  3  pints,  tliin 
starch  a  quai-t,  laudanum  |  oz. ;  in  diarrhoea. 

Cooling.     Butter-milk   or   whey,   barley-water,   of    each    a 

quart. — Moieoud. 
Carminative  and  Stimulant.     1.  Chamomiles  3  oz.,  aniseed 

or  fennel  seed  1|-  oz.,  4  pojjpy  heads ;  l)oil  the  poppies  in 

sufficient  water,  and  infuse  the  flowers  and  seeds  in  the 

hot  decoction. — Vatei. 

2.  To  expel  wind.     Boil  1  ft  of  figs  in  3  quarts  of  water 

for  half  an  hour,  then   add  2   handf uls  of  chopped  rue ; 

boil  a  few  minutes,  strain,  and  add  8  oz.  of  olive  oil. — 

SOLLETSELL. 

For  Gripes.  Mash  2  onions,  pour  over  them  2  oz.  of  oil  of 
turpentine,  and  4  quarts  of  tliin  gruel. — Blaine. 

Astringent.     1.  Alum  whey  1  quart,  thin  starch  a  quart. 
2.  Suet  milk  3  pints,  starch  gruel  2  pints,  laudanum 
i  oz. 

Vermifuge.  1.  For  Thread  Worms.  Powdered  aloes  ^  oz., 
powdered  gum  Arabic  |  oz.;  mix  with  half  a  pint  of  boiling 
water;  then  mix  the  white  of  an  egg  with  a  quart  of 
linseed  oil,  and  gradually  add  the  solution  of  aloes. — 
Clatee. 

2.  Infuse  4  oz.,  of  tansy  in  2  quarts  of  water ;  strain 
and  add  2  oz.  of  animal  oil  (empyreumatic  oil  of  harts- 
horn) ;  also  the  worm  drenches  (Nos.  4  and  6)  may  be 
used  in  this  method. — Moieoud. 

Uterine  Stimulants.  1.  Infuse  a  handful  of  rue  in  2  quarts 
of  water,  and  add  2  oz.  of  common  salt. 

2.  Savine  2  oz.,  sal  ammoniac  4  dr. :  as  the  last. 

Diuretic.     1.  Nitre  1  oz.,  decoction  of  linseed  3  pints. 


LINIMENTS   AND    EMBHOCATIONS  83 

2.    Camphorated.     Incorporate  4  drs.  of  camphor  witli 
tlie  yolks  of  2  q§§^,  and  add  it  to  the  last. — Moirotjd. 
For  Irritable  Bladder.     1.  Belladonna  leaves  3  oz.,  water  3 
pints  ;  boil  and  administer  warm. — MoiEOIJD. 

2.  Extract  of  belladonna  2  drs.,  boiling  water  1|-  pint. 
Nourishing.     1.  Thick  gruel  3  quarts,  ale  1  quart. — Blainb. 

2.  Milk  2  quarts,  yolks  of  4  eggs ;  mix,  and  give  warm. 

— BOUEGELAT. 

3.  Strong  broth  2  quarts,  thickened  milk  2  quarts. — 
Blaine. 

4.  Tripe  liquor  or  broth  3  quarts,  flour  4  oz., ;  mix  the 
flour  in  the  hot  broth ;  repeat  fi-equently. — Moirotjd, 


External  ^pplitations. 

LINIMENTS   AND   EMBEOCATIONS. 

BLISTERENG    LINIMENTS,    OR    LIQUID    BLISTERS, 
AND  SWEATING  OILS. 

1.  Powdered  Spanish  Flies  1  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  6  oz., 
water  of  ammonia  2  oz. ;  let  it  stand  for  a  week,  shaking 
frequently,  and  strain.     (See  No.  11.) — White. 

2.  Flies  1  oz.,  euphorbium  ^  oz.,  oil  of  turjjentine  4  oz. ; 
digest  for  2  or  3  days,  and  pour  off  the  liquid ;  digest  the 
flies,  &c.,  in  4  oz.  of  spirits  of  wine  and  2  oz.  of  water  of 
ammonia  for  3  or  4  days,  shaking  frequently  ;  strain  ofE 
this  liquid,  and  mix  it  with  the  former.  This  is  more 
active  than  the  last.— White. 

3.  Blaine's  Liquid  Blister.  Spanish  flies,  coarsely 
powdered,  8  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  2  quarts ;  steep  for  3 
weeks,  strain,  and  add  a  quart  of  olive  oil. 

4.  Blaine's  Milder  or  Sweating  Liquid.  Mix  4  oz.  of 
the  last  \vith  6  oz.  of  oil. 

5.  Clater's  Strong  Liquid  Blister.  Si>irits  of  turpen- 
tine coloured  with  alkanet,  1  gallon,  powdered  flies  1  ft ; 
macerate  for  a  month,  shaking  daily,  then  pour  off  the 
clear  fluid  for  use. 

6.  Common  or  Sweating  Liquid.  Mix  the  last  with 
equal  ]jart  of  spermaceti  oil. 


84  MEDICINES    EOE   HORSES 

7.  Powdered  flies  3  oz.,  spirit  of  tui'peutme  a  inni ; 
digest  for  a  few  days. — Yocatt. 

8.  Blistering  Liquid.  The  \'iiiegar  of  cantliaridos 
(Acetuni  Caiitharides.  Epispasticuiu)  of  the  British  Phar- 
macopoeia. 

9.  Blistering  Liniment  for  immediate  use.  Spanish  flies 
in  fine  powder  1  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  6  oz.  To  be  rubbed 
on  the  belly  in  infiammation  of  the  boivels. — White, 
Cantharides  3  drs.,  in  hartshorn  4  oz. ;  in  a  fortnight, 
strain,  and  add  olive  oil  4  oz. — Spooxer. 

10.  Croton  I/iniment.  A  tincture  of  croton  nuts  with 
oil  of  turpentine  is  used  as  a  blister,  but  is  not  so  eflica- 
cious  as  cantharides. — You  ATT. 

11.  White's  Mustard  Blister.  Best  flour  of  mustard 
8  oz.,  water  enough  to  form  a  paste,  oil  of  turpentine  2  oz. ; 
water  of  ammonia  1  oz. 

12.  Blistering  Tincture.  Flies  1  oz.,  proof  spirit  8  oz. ; 
macerate  2  or  3  weeks ;  mix  and  filter.  To  be  rubbed  in, 
and  repeated  next  day  if  necessary. — White. 

13.  Saturated  tincture  of  cantharides  1  oz.,  bicliloride 
of  mercury  6  grs. — Kent. 

14.  Powdered  cantharides  1  dr.,  oli\e  oil  2  oz.  To  be 
applied  every  48  hours  for  a  week  in  old  spavin. — Taplix. 

15.  Oil  of  Cantharides  (by  infusion).  Digest  1  ounce 
of  powdered  cantharides  in  8  ounces  of  olive  oil  in  a  water- 
bath,  for  two  hours,  and  strain. 

16.  Cantharides  Solution  (for  setons).  Digest  1  ounce 
of  p.  flies  with  8  of  oil  of  tviri^entine,  with  a  gentle  heat, 
for  14  days ;  strain,  and  add  to  the  clear  liquid  an  equal 
weight  of  Canada  balsam.  Soak  the  cotton  cord  in  the 
solution,  draw  it  between  the  finger  and  thumb,  and  dry 
it. — Morton. 

STIMULATING  LINIMENTS. 

1.  Soft  soap  4  oz.,  camj^hor  1  oz.,  proof  spirit  2  pints, 
water  of  ammonia  \  pint. — V.  C. 

2.  Sweet  oil  2  oz.,  sjnrit  of  hartshorn  1  oz.,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine i  oz. — White. 

3.  Common  oil  6  oz.,  liquid  blister  2  or  3  oz.  :  in  chronic 
sprains. — Blaine. 

4.  Soap  Liniment.     Soft  soap  6  oz.,  water  8  oz. ;  dis- 


LINIMENTS    AND    EMBBOCATIONS  85 

solve,  and  acid  1  pint  of  rectified  spirit,  in  which  is  dis- 
solved 2  oz.  camphor,  1  oz.  oil  of  rosemary,  and  2  to  4  oz. 
strong  water  of  ammonia. — White. 

5.  For  splints.  Oil  of  origanum  1  oz.,  spirit  of  turpen- 
tine 1  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  ^  oz.  To  be  applied  night  and 
morning  for  a  few  days,  discontinuing  it  as  often  as  any 
moisture  appears. — Lancet. 

6.  For  the  same  purpose.  Oil  of  origanum  ^  oz.,  oil  of 
turpentine  ^  oz.,  campliorated  spirit  of  wine  2  oz. — 
Taplin. 

7.  For  sprains,  old  sivellings,  rheumatism,  cf'c.  Spirit  of 
hartshorn  2  oz.,  camphorated  spirit  2  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine 

1  oz.,  laudaniim  |  oz.,  oil  of  origanum  1  dr. 

8.  Camphorated  oil  4  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  oil  of 
origaniim  1  dr. 

9.  For  callous  sicellings  after  bruises.  Soap  liniment 
4  oz.,  camphor  2  drs.,  water  of  ammonia  1  oz. 

10.  For  indolent  tumours :  Mercurial  ointment  2  oz., 
olive  oil  2  drs.,  camphor  2  drs. 

11.  Olive  oil  4  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  2  oz.,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine 2  oz. 

12.  For  strains.  Barbadoes  tar  2  oz.,  sjiirit  of  tiirpen- 
tine  2  oz.,  opodeldoc  4  oz.— Taplin. 

13.  Oil  of  turpentine  2  parts,  muriatic  acid  1  part. — 
Pott. 

14.  Camphorated  oil  4  parts,  oil  of  turpentine  and  tinc- 
ture of  cantharides,  of  each  2  parts,  acetic  acid  1  oz. — 
Lebas. 

15.  Turpentine  Liniment.  Equal  parts  of  oil  of  tur- 
pentine and  oil.     Digestive  and  rubefacient. — V.  C. 

16.  Compound  Turpentine  Liniment.  Soft  soap  4  oz., 
camphor  1  oz.,  oil  of  tiirpentine  16  oz. ;  mix. — V.  C. 

LINIMENT    FOR    EOG    SPAVIN.      Mercurial    ointment 

2  oz.,  oil  of  cantharides  4  drs. — Moeton. 

LINIMENT  FOR  SORE  BACKS.     Extract  of  lead  \  oz., 
vinegar  1  oz.,  olive  oil  2  oz. — White. 

LINIMENTS     FOR     ITCHING     HUMOURS,    MANGE 
LICE,  &c. 

1.  Equal  parts  of  oil  of  tar,  oil  of  turpentine,  and  seal 


86  MEDICINES    FOR   IIOESES 

oil.     Apply  every  second  day  for  2  or  3  times,  then  wash. 
—V.  C. 

2.  Sulphnr  4  oz.,  turpentine  4  oz.,  oil  of  tar  and  train  oil 
6  or  8  oz.  The  parts  to  be  first  washed  with  soft  soap, 
and  dried. 

3.  For  lice:  Sublimate  1  dr.,  muriatic  acid  3  drs., 
tobacco  water  2  pints,  oil  of  turpentine  4  oz. — White. 

4.  Liniment  for  Mange.  Goulard's  extract  of  lead  2  oz., 
olive  or  rape  oil  2  oz.,  sulphur  1  oz. 

LINIMENTS    FOR    CANKER     OF    THE    FOOT    AND 
BAD  THRUSHES.     See  also  Caustics  and  Lotions. 

1.  Barbadoes  tar  1  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  IJ  oz. ;  mix 
carefully,  and  add  oil  of  vitriol  1  di'. — White. 

2.  Butter  of  antimony  alone. 

3.  Crystallized  verdigris  in  fine  powder  1  oz.,  honey 
2  oz.,  bole  and  alum,  of  each  i  oz.,  vinegar  to  form  a  lini- 
ment ;  to  be  mixed  over  a  gentle  fire.  Greasy  applications 
are  to  be  avoided. — White. 

4.  Carbolic  acid. 

See  also  Detergent  Liniments,  below. 

DETERGENT  LINIMENTS. 

1.  Oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  oil  of  vitriol  2  drs.  by  measure ; 
mix  in  a  large  gallipot,  and  when  cool,  add  2  oz.  of  linseed 
oil. — White. 

_  2.  ^gyjptiacum.  Bruised  sulphate  of  copper  12  oz., 
vinegar  4  fts.,  treacle  3  lbs.  :  place  over  a  clear  fire,  and  let 
it  boil  up. — R.  Claek. 

3.  Wash  for  Grease.  Sulphate  of  copper  2  drs.,  and 
alum  2  drs.  in  water  1  pint. 

MISCELLANEOUS    LINIMENTS   AND    MIXED    OILS. 

See  also  Embbocations. 
Creasote  Liniment.     Creasote  2  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  4  oz., 

olive  oil  4  oz. ;  mix;  infsfidous  sores,  tinheaWni  wounds, 

Sfc.—Y.  C.  ^ 

Oil  of  Cantharides.     Powdered  flies  1  oz.,  olive  oil  8  oz. ; 

digest  in  a  water-bath  for  2  or  3  hours,  and  filter.— V.  C. 
Goulard  Liniment.      Extract  of  lead  1  oz.,  olive  oil  4  oz. — 

Morton.     For  excoriated  surfaces,  cfc. 


LINIMENTS    AND    EMBEOCATIONS  87 

Saturnine  Balsam.  Acetate  of  load  1  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine 
2  oz. ;  digest  with  a  gentle  heat. — MoiEorD. 

Drying  Liniment.  Linseed  oil  and  spirit  of  wine,  of  each 
equal  parts. — Solletsell. 

Marshmallow  Liniment.  Olive  oil  and  niarshmallow  oint- 
ment, of  each  4  oz. ;  melt  the  ointment  and  add  the  oil. — 

BOUEGELAT. 

Emollient  and  Anodyne  Liniment.  Neatsfoot  oil  4  oz.,  pop- 
lar  ointment,   marshmallow    ointment,   of    each   2   oz. — 

MOIEOUD. 

Lime-water  Liniment.     Lime  water  8  oz.,  olive  or  linseed  oil 

2  oz. 
Narcotic   Liniment.      Olive   oil   4   oz.,   laudanum   2    oz. — 

MOIEOUD. 

Liniment  for  cnnflrmed  Orease.  Verdigris,  sugar  of  lead, 
of  each  \  oz.,  honey  1  oz. ;  mix. — Clatee. 

Compound  Iodine  Liniment.  Iodine  1  oz.,  soap  liniment 
8  oz.— V.  C. 

Turpentine  Liniment.  Equal  parts  of  turpentine  and  olive 
oil.— V.  C. 

Resolvent  Liniment.  Olive  oil  2  oz.,  strong  mercurial  oint- 
ment 2  drs.,  water  of  ammonia  2  drs. 

Black  Oils.  Olive  (or  rape)  oil  1  pint,  oil  of  turpentine 
2  oz.,  mix,  and  add  gradually  6  drs.  of  sulphuric  acid  ;  leave 
the  bottle  open  till  cold. — Peecivall. 

Oils  for  Mange.  Oil  of  turpentine  1  pint ;  add  to  it,  very 
gradually  and  cautiously,  2  oz.  of  oil  of  vitriol,  stirring  the 
mixture  constantly,  then  add  a  quart  of  linseed  oil ;  from 
4  to  8  oz.  to  be  rubbed  in  with  a  brush  every  second  day, 
for  3  or  4  times. — Clatee. 

Waed's  White  Oils.  Spirit  of  wine,  oil  of  turpentine,  rape 
oil,  beef  brine,  camphor,  of  each  equal  parts. 

White  Oils  or  Egg  Oils.  1.  Yolks  of  2  eggs,  3  oz.  solution 
of  ammonia,  1  oz.  oil  of  origanum,  4  oz.  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, a  pint  of  vinegar ;  mix,  s.  a. — Phaemaceutical 
Journal. 

2.  Distilled  vinegar  1^  pint,  oil  of  turpentine  li  dr., 
spirit  of  wine  1^  oz.,  Goulaed's  extract  of  lead  i  oz., 
whites  and  yolks  of  2  eggs :  mix  the  turpentine  and 
Goulard  with  the  eggs,  gradually  add  the  vinegar,  and 
lastly  the  spirit. — Redwood's  Geay's  Supplement, 


88  MEDICINES    FOR   HOESES 

Liniment  of  Ammonia.  This  is  sometimes  tei'med  White 
Oils.  Olive  or  rape  oil  4  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  1  oz. 
Sometimes  1  oz.  of  oil  of  turpentine  is  added  to  increase  its 
activity. 

Darhy's  Oils.  Eqnal  parts  of  oil  of  amber,  Barbadoes  tar, 
and  balsam  of  sulphur. 

Maeshall's  Oils.  Linseed  oil  1  ft,  olive  or  rape  oil  1  ft, 
green  oil  ^  ft,  oil  of  turpentine  ^  ft,  oil  of  vitriol  li  drs. 

Neiumarket  Oils.  Linseed  oil,  oil  of  turpentine,  green  oil, 
of  each  3  lbs,  oil  of  vitriol  1  oz. 

Nine  Oils.  Train  oil  23  fts,  oil  of  turpentine  6  ftjs,  oil  of 
bricks  1  ft,  oil  of  amber  1  ftj,  spirit  of  camphor  2  ftjs,  Barba- 
does tar  7  ft)s,  oil  of  vitriol  2  oz. — Gray's  SrpPLEiiEXT. 

Eadley's  Oils.  Barbadoes  tar  8  oz.,  linseed  oil  4  oz.,  oil  of 
tui-pentine  4  oz. 

Lord  Stamford's  Mixed  Oils.  Oil  of  origanum  6  oz.,  oil 
of  turpentine  24  oz.,  spu'it  of  wine  16  oz.,  green  oil  6  ft)S, 
camphor  3  oz. 

EMBEOCATIOXS,  VAEIOUS. 

(See  also  LrN"i5iE>'TS  and  Lotioxs.) 

Embrocation  for  Strains.  1.  Soft  soap  1  oz.,  spirit  of  wine 
4  oz.,  oil  of  rosemary  2  drs.,  camphor  2  drs. 

2.  For  strains  in  the  shoulder.  Oil  of  turpentine  1  oz., 
camphorated  spirit  2  oz. — Blacker. 

3.  Equal  quantities  of  soft  soap,  oil  of  turpentine,  sjiirit 
of  wine,  and  elder  ointment. — White. 

4.  Soft  soap  2  oz.,  oil  of  bays  1  oz.,  water  of  ammonia 
1|^  oz.,  oil  of  origanum  i  oz. 

5.  Barbadoes  tar  2  oz.,  spirit  of  tuiiientine  2  oz.,  opo- 
deldoc 4  oz.  After  fomenting  with  hot  vinegar  and 
Goulard. — Taplix. 

Mustard  Embrocations.  1.  Mustard  flour  4  oz.,  water  of 
ammoiiia  1^  oz.,  oil  of  turjjentine  1  oz.,  water  enough  to 
bring  it  to  the  consistence  of  cream. 

2.  Camphor  1  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  water  of  am- 
monia 2  oz.,  flour  of  mustard  8  oz.,  water  to  fonn  a  thin 
paste. — White. 

Embrocations  for  Poll  Evil.     Spirit  of  wine  J  pint,  camphor 


LOTIOJv''S    OR   WASHES  89 

2  drs.,  C4oulard's  extract  of  lead  1  dr. ;  mix. — Hinds.     See 
DiscTTiEXT  Lotions. 
Embrocations  for   Saddle-galls  or   Warhles.     1.  Goulard's 
extract  of  lead  2  drs.,  distilled  vingar  3  oz.,  spirit  of  wiiie 
4  oz. — White. 

2.  Soap  liniment  and  Mindererus  spirit,  equal  parts. 

3.  Sal  ammoniac  ^  oz.,  muriatic  acid  2  drs.,  water  8  to 
12  oz. 

4.  Wliite  vinegar  3  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  3  oz.,  sugar  of 
lead  2  drs.,  water  6  oz. ;  mix. — Hinds. 

Clark's  Emhrocatio  Frigorifera.  Vinegar  4  oz.,  camphor 
(dissolved  in  spirit)  \  oz.,  ^\•ater  to  fill  up  a  ^\'ine  bottle. 

Clark's  Emlrocatio  Excitans.  Olive  oil  3  oz.,  camphor  \ 
dr.,  spirit  of  turpentine  ^  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  3  drs. 

Taplin's  Embrocation  for  Windgalls.  Oil  of  origanmn, 
spirit  of  turpentine,  of  each  ^  oz.,  camphorated  spirit  1 
oz.  Applied  with  tow,  and  covered  -w-ith  a  piece  of  lead 
bound  on. 

LOTIONS  AND  WASHES. 

COOLING  LOTIONS,  for  external  inflamm&tion. 

1.  Sal  ammoniac  1  oz.,  nitre  2  oz.,  water  16  oz.  To  be 
used  as  soon  as  made. — Morton. 

2.  Goulard's  extract  of  lead  1  oz.,  vinegar  2  oz.,  cam- 
phorated spirit  3  oz.,  water  16  oz. ;  for  recent  spavin. — 
Taplin. 

3.  V.  C.  Goulard  Water.  Goulard's  extract  2  drs.,  spirit 
2  drs.,  soft  water  1  pint. 

4.  White's  Sattirnine  Lotion.  Sugar  of  lead  1  oz., 
vinegar  and  water  of  each  1  pint. 

5.  B.  Clark's  Lotio  Refrigerans.  Liquor  of  diacetate 
of  lead  1  dr.,  spirit  of  nitric  ether  1  dr.,  water  2  puits. 
In  slight  rubs  and  bruises. 

DISCUTIENT    LOTIONS  for  dispersing   indolent   t^umour 
and  saddle-galls  and  for  chronic  strains,  &c. 

1.  Mindererus  spirit  4  oz.,  camphorated  spirit  4  oz., 
water  16  oz.— Percivall. 

2.  Sal  ammoniac  1  oz.,  vinegar  8  oz.,  camphorated  spirit 
•  1  oz. — Morton. 


90  MEDICINES    FOR   HOESES 

3.  Tor  saddle-galls  and  warbles.     Goulard's  extract  2 
drs.,  distilled  vinegar  3  oz.,  spirit  of  wane  4  oz. — White. 

4.  Mui'iate  of  ammonia  I  oz.,  mi;riatic  acid  2  drs.,  water 
8  to  12  oz. ;  /"or  saddle-galls  and  windgalls. — White. 

5.  Blaine's  Saline  Emhrocation.  Sal  ammoniac  8  oz., 
vinegar  3  pints. 

6.  Mindererus  spirit  2  oz.,  soap  liniment  2  oz. — White. 

7.  For  warhles.  White  vinegar  3  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  3  oz., 
sugar  of  lead  2  drs.,  water  6  oz.— Hinds. 

8.  Strong  solution  of  salt  1  oz.,  tincture  of  myrrh  \  oz., 
for  saddle-galls. — YoUATT. 

9.  Common  salt  4  oz.,  vinegar  \  pint,  cold  water  1  quart, 
spirit  of  wine  and  laudanum,  each  1  oz. :  in  incipient 
poll-evil. — Clatee. 

10.  White  vinegar  1  pint,  extract  of  lead  2  o?.,  cam- 
phorated spirit  4  oz.,  soft  water  1  pint. — Taplin. 

11.  For  strains.  Bay  salt  ^  lb,  sal  ammoniac  2  oz.,  sugar 
of  lead  i  oz.,  vinegar  1^  pint,  water  1  pint. 

ASTRINGENT  LOTIONS,  for  drying  up  sores  and  diminish- 
ing their  discharge  (especially  in  grease  and  scratched 
heels),  after  the  inflammation  has  been  subdued  by  linseed 
or  carrot  poultices. 

1.  Alum  4  oz.,  boiling  water  1  pint,  for  grease  and 
cracked  heel. — Taplin. 

2.  Alum  2  drs.,  sulphate  of  zinc  1  scruple,  water  1  pint. 
— YorATT. 

3.  Mild,  for  cracks.  Sugar  of  lead  2  di's.,  sulphate  of 
zinc  1  dr.,  infusion  of  oak  bark  1  pint. — Blaine. 

4.  For  confirmed  grease.  Nitric  acid  1  oz.,  water  8  oz. 
— Blaine. 

5.  Strong,  Blue  vitriol  \  oz.,  alum  3  drs.,  water  1  pint. 
— Spoonee. 

6.  Sugar  of  lead  1  oz.,  blue  vitriol  1  oz.,  water  1  quart. 
— White. 

7.  Lime  water  16  oz.,  spirit  of  camphor  \  oz.,  sugar  of 
lead  1  dr. — Bouegelat. 

8.  Sulphate  of  iron  2  oz.,  alum  2  oz.,  vinegar  8  oz., 
water  3i-  pints. — Moieoud. 

9.  Tincture  of  myrrh  1  oz.,  camphorated  spirit  1  oz., 
distilled  vinegar  and  water,  each  2  oz. — Taplin. 


LOTIONS    OR   WASHES  91 

10.  For  anburies.  Alum  2  oz.,  water  1  pint,  sulphuric 
acid  1  dr. 

11.  Sulphate  of  irou  1  oz.,  water  1  quart;  dissolve  and 
add  i  oz.  (by  weight)  of  oil  of  vitriol.  To  toash  farcy  buds 
after  they  have  been  o^enec/.— Clater. 

12.  One  fluid  drachm  of  carbolic  acid  in  from  6  to  12  oz. 
of  water. 

DETERGENT  LOTIONS,  for  foul  ulcers. 

1.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  oz.,  nitric  acid  \  oz.,  water  6  oz. 
— White. 

2.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  oz.,  sulphm-ic  acid  12  drops, 
water  4  oz. 

3.  Sulphate  of  copper  2  drs.,  M-ater  1  pint :  for  stimu- 
lating old  ulcers. — Youatt. 

4.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  oz.,  water  1  oz. :  to  remove 
fungous  granulations. 

5.  Nitrous  acid  1  oz.,  quicksilver  ^  oz. ;  dissolve,  and 
add  water  8  oz. 

LOTIONS  FOR  MANGE. 

1.  WTiite  hellebore  2  oz.,  tobacco  2  oz.,  water  3  pints; 
boil,  stram,  and  add,  when  cold,  a  pint  of  fresh  lime-water. 
— Blaine. 

2.  Boil  4  oz.  of  white  hellebore  in  3  pints  of  water  to  2 
pints,  and  add  corrosive  sublimate  2  drs.,  previously  dis- 
solved in  3  drs.  of  muriatic  acid. — White. 

3.  Boil  2  oz.  of  tobacco  in  a  quart  of  water,  strain,  and 
add  common  salt  3  oz.,  soap  2  oz. — Lebas. 

4.  Liver  of  sulphur  2  oz.,  water  1  quart. — Moirottd. 

5.  Liver  of  sulphur  4  oz.,  soft  soap  16  oz.,  water  2 
gallons. — Lebas. 

6.  Acid  nitrate  of  mercury  2  drs.,  distilled  water  16  oz. 

— MOIROUD. 

7.  Mercurial  Wash.  Sublimate  2  drs.,  spirit  of  wine  2 
oz.,  Avater  2  pints. — Clark. 

8.  Chloride  of  lime  1  lb,  water  a  gallon.  Mix. — 
Lucas. 

9.  One  fluid  drachm  of  carbolic  acid  in  from  6  to  12  oz. 
of  water. — TusoN, 


92  MEDICINES   FOE   HOUSES 


VARIOUS  LOTIONS. 

Conglutinum.  Sulphate  of  zinc  4  oz.,  water  a  pint. — BracY 
Claek. 

BlacJc  Wash.  For  sluggish  ulcers.  Calomel  2  drs.,  lime- 
water  1  pint. 

Yelloiv  Wash.     Sublimate  8  grs.,  limewater  4  oz. 

Nitric  Acid  Lotion.  Nitric  acid  2  or  3  drs.,  Avater  1  pint;  for 
exciting  sluggish  ulcers. — Moeton. 

Lotion  of  Nitrate  of  Silver.  For  the  same.  Nitrate  of  silver 
10  grs.,  distilled  water  1  oz. — YoUATT. 

Lotion  for  Farcy.  Dissolve  1  oz.  of  sulphate  of  iron  in  a 
quart  of  water,  and  add  5  oz.  of  oil  of  vitriol. — Clater. 

Styptic  Lotion, for  Stopping  Bleeding.  Alum  2  oz.,  sulphate 
of  zinc  2  drs.,  water  1  quart. 

Catechu  Lotion  for  Ulcers  of  the  Mouth.  Infuse  2  oz.  of 
catechu  in  a  cpiart  of  boiling  water  for  an  hour ;  strain, 
and  add  1  oz.  of  spirit  of  wine.  (For  saddle-galls  add  4 
oz.  of    tincture  of    catechu    and    8   oz.  common  salt.) — 

ClATER. 

Lotion  of  Chloride  of  Lime.  To  chloride  of  lime  1  ft  add 
gradually  1  gallon  of  water ;  mix,  and  filter  or  decant : 
for  mange,  and  as  a  stimulant  to  unhealthy  wounds  and 
fistulous  sores.  Diluted  with  10  or  15  parts  of  water,  it 
is  used  as  a  lotion  for  grease,  exfoliated  bones,  &c.,  and  is 
a  disinfectant  for  foul  stables.  For  ulcers  of  the  tongue, 
mix  1  dr.  of  chloride  of  lime  with  a  pint  of  water;  for 
mange,  4  drs.  to  a  pint. 

Wash  for  destroying  Lice  about  the  Legs.  Corrosive  subli- 
mate 1  dr.,  muriatic  acid  3  drs.,  tobacco  water  1  quart,  oil 
of  turpentine  4  oz. — White. 

Alum  Mouth  Wash.    Alum  2  drs.,'sage  tea  a  quart. — Eckel. 

For  Bruised  Gums.  Alum  2  drs.,  tincture  of  myri-h  1  oz., 
honey  1  oz.,  water  2  oz. — Spooner. 

Acid  Collutorium.  Infusion  of  sage  a  quart,  muriatic  acid 
1  oz.,  flour  3  oz.,  honey  8  oz.  To  be  applied  to  the  mouth 
frequently. — E  CJi  el. 

LOUSE  WATER. 

1.  Tobacco  4  oz.,  boiling  water  a  quart;  infuse  for  24 


CAFSTICS  93 

2.  Mercurial.     SLiblimate  2   drs.,  spirit  of  wine  2  oz., 
water  1  quart. 
The    following    LIQUID    CAUSTICS    are    for    canker, 
thrush,    foul,  unhealthy  wounds,   and  to    remove    proud 
flesh,  &c.     See  also  Liniments  (Detergent). 

MILDER.  -» 

1.  Tincture  of  muriate  of  iron. 

2.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  oz.,  water  from  4  oz.  (V.  C.)  to 
a  pint. — Clatee. 

3.  Saturated  solution  of  sulphate  of  zinc  :  in  quitters. — 
White. 

4.  Alum  i  oz.,  borax  |  oz.,  boiling  water  4  oz.,  styptic 
tincture  1  oz. — Taplin. 

5.  Muriatic  acid,  alone  or  diluted. 

6.  iEgyptiacum  2  oz.,  nitrous  acid  20  drops. 

7.  Any  of  the  stronger  caustics  (except  butter  of  anti- 
mony) diluted  ^^'ith  water. 

8.  Goulard's  extract  4  oz.,  suliihate  of  zinc  2  oz.,  sul- 
phate of  cojjper  2  oz. ;  white  vinegar  32  oz. — Villate. 

9.  Aloes  5  oz.,  weak  spirit  10  oz. ;  dissolve,  and  add 
6  oz.  of  sulphuric  acid. — Dutille. 

STRONGER. 

1.  Butter  of  antimony.  This  is  the  safest  and  most 
useful  caustic  in  canker. 

2.  Dissolve  1  oz.  of  quicksilver,  by  heat,  in  2  oz.  of 
nitric  acid,  and  evaporate  till  the  liquid  weighs  2^  oz. 

3.  Verdigris  1  oz.,  nitrous  (red  idtric)  acid  1  oz. ;  dis- 
solve.— White. 

4.  Red  precipitate  1  oz.,  nitrous  acid  2  oz. — White. 

5.  Nitrous  acid,  alone  or  with  a  little  water. 

6.  Sulphuric  acid,  alone  or  with  a  little  water. 

7.  Sublimate  1  dr.,  muriatic  acid  2  drs.,  water  q.  s. — 
White. 

8.  For  canker.  Dissolve  corrosive  sublimate  ^  oz.  in 
muriatic  acid  1  oz.,  then  add  spirits  of  wine  4  oz.,  and 
water  4  oz. 

9.  Cldoride  of  zinc  with  enough  water  to  dissolve  it;  or 
Sir  William  Burnett's  Patent  Solution. 


94  MEDICINES   FOR  HORSES 

CAUSTIC  FOR  POLL-EVIL. 

1.  Lunar  caustic  1  dr.,  distilled  water  ^  oz. — Blaixe. 

2.  Corrosive  sublimate  2  drs.,  water  3  oz. 

Scalding  Mixture  for  Poll-Evil.  1.  Sublimate  2  drs.,  verdi- 
gris 2  drs.,  blue  viti'iol  2  di's.,  sulphate  of  iron  4  drs.,  honey 
2  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  8  oz.,  spirit  of  wAixq  4  oz.;  to  be 
applied  hot,  and  confinetL-by  stitches. — Gibson. 

3.  Sublimate  1  dr.,  finely  powdered  and  mixed  with  4  oz. 
of  basilicon,  and  melted  to  scalding  heat. — Blaine. 

4.  Caustic  potash  1  dr.,  rubbed  down  with  4  oz.  oil  of 
turpentine. — Blaine. 

CAUSTIC  FOR  FARCY  BUDS.  Sublimate  1  dr.,  muriatic 
acid  3  drs.,  spirit  of  wine  1  oz.,  water  |  oz. — White. 

SOLID  CAUSTICS.  Lunar  Caustic,  Caustic  Potash,  and 
Chloride  of  Zinc.  See  Argenti  nitras,  Potassse  hydras,  and 
Zinci  chloridum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Canquoin's  Caustic  is  made  by  mixing  chloride  of  zinc  with 
twice  its  weight  of  flour  and  a  little  water  into  a  stifE 
paste,  which  is  to  be  rolled  out  to  the  required  thickness, 
and  cut  to  the  size  of  the  part  to  be  destroyed,  the  skin 
being  pre\'iously  removed  by  a  blister.  Another  caustic  is 
made  with  2  jjarts  of  chloride  of  zinc,  1  of  butter  of  anti- 
mony, and  5  of  flour. 

Sulphuric  Caustic  is  made  by  triturating  hay  saffron  wdth  oil 
of  vitriol,  so  as  to  form  a  ductile  mass.  Bouchaedat 
recommends  solidifying  the  acid  by  ivory  or  lamp  black. 

Solidified  Nitric  Acid  is  merely  lint  soaked  with  strong 
nitric  acid,  squeezed,  and  formed  to  the  required  shape. 

Filho's  Caustic  is  made  by  melting  together  in  an  iron  ladle 
2  parts  of  caustic  potash  and  1  of  lime  over  a  quick  fire, 
and  pouring  it  into  leaden  tubes  of  the  desired  size.  The 
air  must  be  excluded  when  not  in  use,  by  beeswax,  or 
other  means. 

FOMENTATIONS. 

These  should  be  applied  moderately  warm  (about  120°  P.) 
by  means  of  flannel  dipped  in  the  liquid,  and  frequently 
renewed  from  time  to  time,  keepmg  the  parts  covered. 

Umollient.  1.  Coarse  bran  2  double  handfuls,  water  6  quarts, 
boil  and  strain, 


ETE-WATEES  95 

2.  Mallow-leaves  8  oz.,  water  4  quarts ;  boil  and  strain ; 
6  poppy-heads  may  be  added. 
Anodyne.     1.  Boil  24  poppy-heads  and  2  handfuls  of  hem- 
lock in  G  quarts  of  water  for  2  hours,  and  strain. — White. 

2.  Ik'Uadouna  2  handfuls,  6  poppy-heads,  water  3  quarts ; 
boil  and  sti'ain. — MoiEOUD. 

3.  Dried  worm\\'Ood  and  chamomile,  of  each  4  oz.,  bay- 
leaves  2  oz.,  rue  3  oz. ;  boil  in  a  gallon  of  water. 

4.  Take  wormwood,  chamomile,  mallow  (or  either  of 
them),  cut  them  to  pieces,  and  put  2  handfuls  into  a 
bucket,  pour  scalding  water  on  them,  and  cover  with  a 
cloth. — B.  Claek. 

Discutient  and  Astringent.  Vinegar  or  verjuice  1  quart j 
make  it  hot,  and  add  2  oz.  of  Goulard's  extract  of  lead ; 
apply  warm;  in  strains  of  the  sinetvs  of  the  legs. — Taplin. 

COLLYRIA,  OR  EYE- WATERS. 

1.  Acetate  of  lead,  and  sulphate  of  zinc,  of  each,  3  dr.  to 
1  dr. ;  dissolve  them  separately  in  ^  pint  of  boiled  water  ; 
mix,  and  filter. 

2.  Sugar  of  lead  10  to  20  grains,  water,  8  oz. — Morton. 

3.  Extract  of  lead  1  dr.,  spirit  2  tb's.,  water  8  oz. — 
White. 

4.  Sol.  Acetate  of  ammonia  (B.  P.)  3  oz.,  rose-water 
6  oz. — Blaine. 

5.  Sugar  of  lead  2  drs.,  vinegar  §  oz.,  soft  water  16  oz., 
rose-water  4  oz. — Blaine. 

6.  Infuse  1  oz.  of  foxglove  in  2  pints  of  boiling  water, 
and  strain. — Youatt. 

7.  Tincture  of  opium  2  drs.,  water  8  oz.,  extract  of  lead 
1  dr. — White. 

8.  Brandy  1  oz.,  vinegar  1  oz.,  tincture  of  opium  2  drs., 
rose-water  8  oz. — Blaine. 

9.  Extract  of  henbane  1  dr.,  water  8  oz. — White. 

10.  Decoction  of  poppies  8  oz.,  saffron  |  dr.,  uifuse  the 
saffron  in  the  hot  decoction. — Lebas. 

11.  Lapis  di\inus,  3  drs.,  soft  water  |  pint. — Clatee. 

12.  Common  salt  i  dr.,  water  6  oz. — Youatt. 

13.  For  Watery  Bloodshot  Eyes.  Burnt  alum  1  oz., 
calcined  white  vitriol  1  oz.,  boiling  water  3  pints. — 
Bbacken, 


96  MEDICKfES    FOR   HORSES 

14.  Emollient.  Infusion  of  marsbmallow  leaves  or 
flov/ers  1  quart,  starch  (rubbed  smooth  with  a  little 
water)  ^  oz. ;  mix  and  boil.    To  be  used  warm. — MoiEOUD. 

15.  Astringent.  Almn  2  drs.,  whites  of  2  eggs,  water 
J  pint ;  mix  in  a  mortar. — BOFEGELAT. 

16.  Tincture  of  digitalis  J  oz.,  soft  water  8  oz. — 
Clatee. 

17.  To  remove  Opacity  of  the  Cornea.  Nitrate  of  silver 
10  grs.,  distilled  water  1  oz.  1  or  2  drops  to  be  dropjjed  in 
the  eye. — Youatt. 

18.  For  Cloudiness  of  tlie  Eye.  Sublimate  4  grs.,  spirit 
of  wine  20  drops ;  rub  together,  and  add  soft  water  4  oz. 
A  few  drops  to  be  introduced  into  the  eye  3  or  4  times  a 
day. — Clatee. 

19.  Tincture  of  aloes  1  oz.,  rose-water  8  oz. — Lebas. 

20.  Stimulating.  Infusion  of  elder  flowers  IGoz.,  brandy 

2  oz. MOIEOI'D. 

21.  Lapis  inirabilis  i  oz.,  water  4  to  8  oz.  Tlie  Lapis 
mirahilis  is  thus  made  :    'N^liite  vitriol   2  lbs,  rock  alum 

3  lbs,  tiue  bole  \  lb,  litharge  2  oz.,  ^vater  3  quarts ;  boil 
together  to  dryness. — Sollexsell. 

22.  Alum  Collyrium.  Decoction  of  marshmallow  16  oz., 
alum  2  drs.,  camphorated  spirit  1  dr. ;  mix.  To  be  used 
towards  the  decline  of  inflammation. — SteausS. 

23.  Tannin  Collyrium.  Dissolve  1  dr.  of  tannin  in  13 
bz.  of  water,  and  add  3  oz.  of  cherry-laiirel  water. 

24.  Sulphate  of  zinc  8  grs.,  water  4  oz.  In  chronic  in- 
flammation.— Clatee. 

25.  In  Specific  Ophthalmia.  Tincture  of  opium  2  drs., 
extract  of  belladonna  1  dr.,  with  distilled  water  1  pint. 

SUNDEY   SOLUTIOJs^S,   &c. 

Styptic  Stone.  Sulphate  of  iron  8  oz.,  sal  ammoniac,  sul- 
phate of  zinc,  and  oxide  of  copper,  each  1  oz. ;  mix,  and 
melt  together  with  a  gentle  heat.  About  the  size  of  a 
nut  of  this  compound  to  be  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  warm 
water  and  applied  \\ith  compresses  renewed  every  3  or  4 
hours  :  for  saddle-galls,  kicks,  sprains,  bruises,  ulcers,  and 
as  a  collyrium. — KxArP. 

Lapis  Divinus.     Sulphate  of  copper,  alum,  nitre,  of  each 


SUNDRY    SOLUTIONS,    ETC.  97 

3  oz. ;  mult  together,  and  stir  iu  1  tli'.  of  camphor :  used 
in  eye-icaters  and  lotions. 

Wound  Stone.  Aluiu,  sulphate  of  zmc,  of  each  3  oz.,  verdi- 
gris and  sal  aminoniac,  of  each,  1  dr. ;  melt  together,  and 
add  J  dr.  of  powdered  saffron :  detergent  and  drying. 

Clark's  Conglutimim.     Sulphate  of  zinc  4  oz.,  water  a  pint. 

Solution  of  Alum.    Ahim  1  oz.,  water  16  oz.    Dissolve. — V.C. 

Solution  of  Sulphate  of  Zinc.  Sulphate  of  zinc  1  oz.,  water 
3  oz. — V.  C.     In  quitters. 

Solution  of  Sulphate  of  Copper.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  oz., 
water  4  oz. — V.  C. 

Compound  Solution  of  the  same.  Sulphate  of  copper  3  oz., 
alum  3  oz.,  water  2  Its.,  sulphuric  acid  IJ-  oz. 

Solution  of  Bichloride  of  Mercury.  Sublimate,  and  hj-dro- 
cliloric  acid,  each  1  part,  spirit  or  water  7  parts. — V.  C. 

Goulard  Water.  Extract  of  lead  1  oz.,  camphorated  spirit 
2  oz.,  rain  water  a  quart. — Taplix.  V.  C.  uses  extract  of 
lead  and  rectifie<l  sjiirit,  each  2  drs.,  soft  water  1  pint. 

Tincture  of  Catechu.  See  Pocket  Form.  Used  externally /or 
wounds. 

Tincture  ofEuphorbium.  Euphorbiuni  1  oz.,  rectified  spirit  6  oz. 

Alkaline  Tincture  of  Euphorbiuni.  Euphorbium  8  oz.,  solu- 
tion of  subcarbouate  (carbonate)  of  potash  3  pmts  :  used 
as  a  caustic  and  stimulant,  particularly  in  curbs  after  the 
inflammation  has  been  subdued. 

Compound  Tincture  of  Cantharides.  Powdered  flies  4, 
euphorbium  1,  proof  spu'it  24  parts. — Lebas. 

Styptic  Tincture.  Tincture  of  myrrh,  spirit  of  camphor, 
and  Friar's  balsam,  equal  parts. — Taplix. 

Mgyptiacum.  (Veterinary.)  Sulphate  of  copper  in  po^\•der 
12  oz.,  vmegar  4  oz.,  treacle  48  oz. ;  boil  together  to  a 
proper  consistence. — B.  Claek. 

Mgyptiacum  ivith  Turpentine.  Honey  28  oz.,  pyi-oligneons 
acid  14  oz.,  powdered  \-erdigris  10  oz. ;  boil  together  in  a 
copper  vessel  till  the  mixture  has  a  reddish-purple  colour 
and  the  consistence  of  thin  honey  ;  add  Venice  turj^entine 
28  oz.,  and  keep  it  on  a  slow  fire,  stirring  constantly  for 
a  quarter  of  an  hour. — Leloup. 

Liniment  of  Verdigris.  V.  C.  Verdigris  in  fine  powder 
9  oz.,  almn  6  oz.,  treacle  Ij  lb.  Boil  until  the  compound 
assumes  a  brown  colour. 

7 


98  MEDICINES    FOR   HORSES 

Liniment  of  Sulphate  of  Copper.  Powdered  sulpluito  of 
copper  1  part,  treacle  4  parts.  Siimiier  in  a  pipkin  over  a 
slow  fire  until  the  whole  assumes  a  reddisli-brown  colour. 
In  canker,  severe  thrush,  iSfc. — Morton. 

POULTICES  OE  CATAPLASMS. 

These  are  useful  in  reducing  inflammation  and  relieving 
pain.  They  should  not  be  used  too  hot,  nor  applied  too 
tightly,  especially  to  the  feet. 

COMMON  POULTICES. 

1.  Bran  moistened  with  hot  water,  and  as  much  linseed 
meal  added  as  will  give  it  tenacity. — V.  C. 

2.  Boil  a  quart  of  bran  for  10  minutes  with  enough 
water  to  make  a  thin  mash,  then  add  to  it  4  oz.  of  linseed 
meal :  apply  it  in  a  flannel  bag. — Blaine. 

3.  Fine  bran  3  parts,  linseed  meal  1  part,  hot  water  q.  s. 

CHARCOAL  POULTICES. 

1.  Oatmeal  \  pint,  linseed  meal  ^  pint,  charcoal  4  oz., 
beer  grounds  q.  s. 

2.  Carrots  scraped,  or  carrots  boiled,  with  charcoal 
powder  q.  s.     Antiseptic. — Blaine. 

YEAST  POULTICES. 

■  1.  Linseed  meal,  oatmeal,  boiling  water,  q.  s. ;  mix,  and 
ferment  with  a  tablespoonful  of  yeast ;  in  old  grease  with 
an  offensive  smell. — Blaine. 

2.  In  gangrene.  Add  2  oz.  of  turpentine  to  the  last. — 
Blaine. 

ANODYNE  POULTICES. 

1.  Boil  ])oppy-hoads  in  water,  strain,  and  add  linseed 
meal  to  stiffen  it.— You  ATT. 

2.  Sprinkle  the  surface  of  a  simple  poultice  \\ith  lau- 
danum. 

CLEANSING  POULTICES.  Mashed  turnips,  not  pressed, 
with  enough  linseed  meal,  or  oatmeal,  to  give  them  con- 
sistence ;  or,  the  charcoal  poultice  above. 


POULTICES    OK    CATAPLASMS  99 

DRAWING  POULTICES. 

1.  Boil  2  lbs.  of  chopped  onions  in  water,  and  add  to  it 
the  crumb  of  a  4-lt)  loaf. — Hinds. 

2.  Sorrel  boiled  and  squeezed  4  parts,  onions  baked  in 
ashes  1  part,  basilicon  ointment  1  part ;  mix,  and  aj)ply 
warm. — Vatel. 

RESOLVENT   POULTICES. 

1.  Rye  meal  8  oz.,  prepared  chalk  2  oz.,  vinegar  10  oz. ; 
mix,  warm,  and  stir,  till  no  more  gas  is  disengaged ;  apply 
warm. — Solletsell. 

2.  Linseed  meal  12  oz.,  powdered  hemlock  4  oz,  muriate 
of  ammonia  4  oz.,  vinegar  q.  s. ;  to  indolent  glandular 
tumours. — Lebas. 

GOULARD   POULTICES. 

1.  To  a  linseed-meal  poultice  add  1  or  2  drs.  of  Goulard's 
extract  of  lead.— Yofatt. 

2.  Bread  and  Ijarley  meal  equal  parts,  Goulard  water 
q.  s.,  lard  4  or  6  oz. — Taplin. 

CHLORINE  POULTICE.  Chloride  of  lime  i  oz.,  water 
1  pint,  linseed  meal  q.  s. :  to  grease,  when  offensive. — 
YOUATT. 

POULTICES   FOR   GREASE. 

1.  The  herb  cleavers  (or  goose-grass)  beaten  to  a  paste. 

2.  Mash  bread  and  boiled  turnips  with  stale  beer,  and 
stir  in  1  oz.  flour  of  mustard,  turpentine  2  oz.,  linseed 
meal  2  oz.,  lard  G  oz. ;  night  and  morning. — Taplin. 

MUSTARD   POULTICE. 

1.  Mustard  flour  and  Imseed  meal,  equal  parts ;  mix 
with  suflicient  hot  vinegar  to  give  a  proper  consistence. 

2.  Flour  of  black  mustard  3  lbs.,  hot  vinegar,  or  water, 
q.  s. — MoiEOUD. 

RUBEFACIENT   POULTICE. 

1.  Fresh  horseradish  root,  grated,  and  immediately 
applied. — Moieoud. 

2.  Stronger.  Old  yeast  2  lbs.,  flour  of  black  mustard 
1  lb,  euphorbium  powder  4  oz.,  vinegar  q.  s. ;  mix,  and 
apply  cold. 


100  ^rEDTCTXES    FOR    HOESES 


OIXTMENTS,   CERATES,   CHAEQES,   &c. 

SlilPLE   EMOLLIEXT   OEXTMEXTS. 

1.  Simple  Cerate.     Olive  oil  1  pint,  beeswax  4  oz. 

2.  Spermaceti  Ointment.  Lard  12  oz.,  white  was  2  oz., 
spermaceti  1  oz. 

BLISTERIXG   OIXTMEXTS.     Tlie  Spauisli  flies  should  be 
finely  powdered,  and  tlie  heat  moderate. 

1.  Lard  4  oz.,  common  tvirpentine  1  oz.,  p.  flies  1  oz. ; 
melt  the  lard  and  turpentine,  and  stir  in  the  powdered 
flies.  V.  C.  Mr.  Youatt  substitutes  resin  for  the  tur- 
pentine. 

2.  Venice  turpentine  and  resm,  of  each  1  ft,  palm  oil  or 
lard  2  lbs. ;  melt  together,  and  gradually  Stu-  in  1  ft  of 
powdered  flies. — BLAiyE. 

3.  Palm  oil  4  fts.,  resin  1  ft. ;  melt  together,  and  stir  in 
1  ft  of  powdered  flies. — Clateb. 

4.  Mild.  Lard  4  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  1  oz.,  p.  flies 
6  drs. — White. 

5.  Stronger.  Mercurial  ointment  2  oz.,  oil  of  bays  2  oz., 
Barbadoes  tar  1  oz.,  oil  of  rosemary  2  drs.,  p.  flies  1  oz. — 
White. 

6.  Strong.  Oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  oil  of  \-itriol  2  fluid 
drs. ;  mix  in  a  basin,  and  add  melted  lard  6  oz.,  oil  of  origa- 
num 1  oz.,  powdered  flies  1  to  2  oz. — White. 

7.  Strongest.  Strong  mercurial  ointment  4  oz.,  oil  of 
origanum  i  oz.,  finely  powdered  euphorbium  3  drs.,  p.  flies 
+  oz. — White. 

8.  Blaixe's  Mercurial.  Common  blister  (Xo.  2,  above) 
4  oz.,  sublimate  in  fine  powder  \  dr. ;  for  splints,  spavins, 
&c. 

9.  For  common  purposes.  Lard  6  oz.,  Venice  turpen- 
tine 4  oz.,  beeswax  2  oz.,  yellow  resin  |  oz.,  oil  of  ori- 
ganum ^  oz.,  powdered  cantharides  3  oz.  It  may  be 
softened  in  winter  by  rubbing  it  with  a  little  turpentine. 
— White. 

10.  Powdered  flies  5  drs.,  lard  4  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine 

1  oz. — HlXDS. 


OIXTMES"TS,    C'EEATES,   ETC.  101 

11.  Mustard  Blister.  Best  flour  of  mnstard  8  oz., 
water  to  form  a  paste. — Yoijatt.  Others  add  2  oz.  of  oil 
of  turpentine,  and  1  oz.  pure  water  of  ammonia. 

12.  Mylabris  in  fine  powder  (see  Mat.  Med.)  1  dr.,  pre- 
pared lard  -i  oz.  Digest  together  over  a  water-bath  for 
3  hours,  occasionally  stirring,  while  hot,  filter  through 
paper,  and  allow  to  cool. 

Note. — The  hair  should  be  clipped  closely,  or  shaA'ed  off,  the 
part  fomented  with  warm  water,  and  the  blistering  oint- 
ment well  rubljed  in.  In  inflammation  of  the  lungs,  &c., 
blistering  is  more  successful  after  bleeding.  In  2-4  hours, 
a  little  olive  or  neatsfoot  oil  should  be  applied,  and  re- 
peated night  and  morning.  The  head  should  be  tied  up 
for  the  first  two  days,  and  the  litter  removed  from  the  stable. 
If  strangury  is  produced  give  plenty  of  linseed  tea.  The 
simplest  blisters  are  perhaps  the  best  for  common  pur- 
poses. Sublimate  blemishes.  Siveatincf  dotcti  is  effected 
by  milder  stimulants ;  for  this  purpose,  the  liquid  blister 
(see  Liniments,  under  "  Medicines  for  Horses  ")  is  lowered 
by  some  mild  oil,  &c. 

DETERGENT  ODsTMENTS,  for  cleansing  foul  and  indo- 
lent ulcers. 

1.  Suet  4  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  6  oz.,  red  precipitate, 
finely  powdered,  2  oz. — White. 

2.  Citrine  omtment,  alone  or  with  \  its  weight  of  Venice 
turpentine. 

3.  Svilphate  of  zinc  1  dr.,  sulphate  of  copper  1  dr.,  oil 
of  turpentine  2  drs. ;  grind  smooth,  and  mix  it  with  4  oz.  of 
melted  tallow.     See  also  Digestive  Oixtme>'TS,  No.  4. 

4.  Yellow  basilicon  2  oz.,  black  basilicon  1  oz. ;  melt 
together,  remove  from  the  fire,  add  1  oz.  of  lurijentine, 
and  i  oz.  finely  powdered  red  precipitate. — Taplin. 

5.  Verdigris  Ointment.  Verdigris  in  fine  powder  1 
part,  common  turpentine  1  part,  lard  12  parts;  mix. — 
Morton. 

DIGESTIVE  OINTMENTS,  to  promote  a  discharge  from 
unhealthy  and  indolent  ulcers. 

1.  Resin  16  oz.,  linseed  oil  12  oz. ;  melt  together  with 
a  gentle  heat. — Clark. 


102  MEDICINES    FOR   HOESES 

2.  Strained  turpentine,  honey,  of  each  2  oz. ;  yolks  of 
4  eggs,  myn-li  I  oz.,  aloes  1  oz. ;  mix. — Solleysell. 

3.  Equal  parts  of  common  turpentine  and  lard  melted 
together. — White. 

4.  To  1  ft  of  the  last  add  1  oz.  of  finely  powdered  ver- 
digris.— White. 

5.  Yellow  wax  3  oz.,  common  turpentine  3  oz.,  black 
pitch  1  oz.,  resin  6  oz.,  linseed  oil  16  oz. ;  melt  together 
with  a  gentle  heat,  then  add  oil  of  turpentine  4  oz.,  and 
stir  till  cold. 

6.  Olive  oil  1  pint,  yellow  wax  and  black  resin,  of  each 
4  oz..  Burgundy  pitch  and  turpentine,  of  each  2  oz. ;  melt 
the  other  ingredients,  and  add  the  turpentine  when  it  is 
removed  from  the  fire. — Taplin. 

7.  Common  turpentine  1  part,  lard  3  parts ;  melt  toge- 
ther.—V.  C. 

8.  (Basilicon.)  Eesin  5  oz.,  yellow  wax  2  oz.,  lard 
8  oz. ;  melt  together. 

9.  (Black  Basilicon.)  Pitch,  M-ax,  resui,  of  each  11  oz., 
olive  (or  rape  or  linseed)  oil  a  pint. 

EYE  OINTMENTS.     The  powder  should  be  very  fine,  and 
the  whole  rubbed  smooth. 

1.  Nitrate  of  silver  5  to  10  grs.,  lard  1  oz. ;  rub  till  per- 
fectly smooth.  The  size  of  a  pea  to  be  introduced  between 
the  lids,  in  chronic  ophthalmia. — MoHTOX. 

2.  Calamine  5  oz.,  tutty  5  oz.,  sulphate  of  copper  ^  dr., 
svdphate  of  zinc  i  oz.,  alum  ^  oz.,  camphor  2  drs.,  fresh 
butter  3  oz. ;  mix,  and  apply  warm,  with  a  featlier,  to 
watery,  inflamed  eyes. — Bracken. 

3.  Ointment  of  nitrated  quicksilver  1  dr.,  zinc  ointment 
1  oz.,  camphor  1  dr. 

4.  In  inflammation  of  the  eyelids.  Verdigris  1  part, 
Venice  tm-pentine  1,  lard  12. — Morton. 

5.  For  zvounds  in  the  eye.  Tutty  ointment  1  oz.,  honey 
of  roses  2  drs.,  calcined  white  vitriol  20  grs. :  apply  with  a 
feather  night  and  morning,  and  sponge  daily  with  warm 
milk  and  water. — Bracken. 

6.  For  removing  opacity  of  the  cornea.  Iodine  2  grs., 
iodide  of  potassium  20  grs.,  lard  or  butter  ^  oz. 


OINTMENTS,    CEKATES,    ETC.  ]03 

EUPHORBIUM  OINTMENT.  Eupliorbimn  1,  lard  8  parts ; 
mix. — Delafosse. 

OINTMENTS  FOR  SCURVY  AND  CRACKED  HEELS, 
AND  CONFIRMED  GREASE.  The  inflammation  should 
be  first  subdued  by  poultices.  The  milder  preparations 
(which  are  here  placed  first)  should  be  employed  in 
the  first  instance,  and  afterwards  those  for  coufinned 
grease. 

1.  For  scurvy  heels.  Goulard's  extract  5  dr.,  lard  1  oz., 
mix.  The  heels  should  first  be  gently  rubbed  with  soap 
and  water. — Clater. 

2.  For  scurvy  or  cracked  heels.  Sugar  of  lead  ^  oz., 
oxide  of  zinc  ^  oz.,  lard  or  palm  oil,  4  oz. 

3.  Melt  together  3  oz.,  white  diachylon,  4  oz.  olive  oil ; 
mix  and  when  nearly  cold,  add  3  drs.  of  sugar  of  lead  in 
fine  powder.  First  wash  the  heel,  then  apply  the  Astrin- 
gent Lotion  No.  9,  and  afterwards  this  ointment ;  or  elder 
ointment  4  oz.,  camphor  6  drs.,  laudanum  2  drs.,  extract  of 
lead  2  drs. ;  mix. — Taplin. 

4.  Melt  yellow  wax  2  oz.,  with  sweet  oil  8  oz.,  and  add 
sugar  of  lead  \  oz. 

5.  Healing  ointment  for  crached  heels.  Lard  4  lbs.,  resin 

1  ft;  melt  together,  and  stir  in  1  ft  true  calamine. — 
Clatee.  See  also  SoFTENiwa  and  Coolixg  Ointments 
(below). 

6.  For  craehed  heels  and  grease.  Alum  1  oz.,  turpen- 
tine 1  oz.,  lard  3  oz. ;  melt  the  turpentine  and  lard,  and 
stir  in  the  powdered  alum. — V.  C. 

7.  For  grease,  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  wax  1  oz.,  lard 
4  oz. ;  melt  together,  and  add  sugar  of  lead  1  oz.  (or  alum 

2  oz.)  in  fine  powder. — -White. 

8.  Lard,  honey,  common  turpentine,  each  8  oz. ;  melt 
together,  and  add  powdered  alum  6  oz.,  white  vitriol  2  oz. 

9.  Common  turpentine  1  ft ;  melt,  and  add  powdered 
alum  1 J  fts.,  bole  2  fts. ;  stir  till  cold ;  spread  on  browii 
paper,  and  tie  over  with  list. 

10.  Lard  5  ft,  honey  ^  ft,  common  tm'pentine  5  ft ; 
melt,  and  add  p.  alum  1  ft,  white  vitriol  2  oz.;  stir  till 
cold, 

11.  For  confirmed  grease.     Common  verdigris   5   oz., 


104  MEDICINES   FOR   fiOESES 

alum,  sulphate  of  zinc,  sugar  of  lead,  of  each  5  oz. ;  tar 
6  oz. — Blaine. 

12.  Citrine  ointment  3  oz.,  lard  2  oz.,  turpentine  2  di's., 
saturated  solution  of  nitrate  of  copper  2  drs. — Blaine. 

13.  Jigyptiacum  8  oz.,  lard  4  oz.,  siilphate  of  zinc  in 
poM'der   1  oz. ;    rub  together  till  perfectly  mixed. — Las- 

SAIGNE. 

14.  Prepared  verdigris  1  oz.,  lard  4  oz.,  honey  a  sufficient 
quantity. — DelA¥OSSE. 

15.  Choride  of  lime  1  to  2  parts ;  lard  3  parts ;  mix. 
To  remove  the  fetor,  in  grease. — Moeton. 

OINTMENTS  TO  PEOMOTE  THE  GEOWTH  OF  THE 
HAIE,  and  to  remove  the  blemish  froni  broken  knees. 

1.  Camphor  ^  dr.,  oil  of  rosemary  1  dr.,  weak  mercurial 
ointment  1  oz.,  ivory-black  and  bole  to  colour. — White. 

2.  Poplar-bud  ointment  and  honey,  applied  twice  a  day 
for  15  or  20  days.— Pte. 

3.  Calamine  2  drs.,  prepared  charcoal  1  dr.,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine 1  dr.,  lard  4  drs. ;  rub  well  together  v>'ith  1  dr.  of 
lalister  ointment.— Clatee. 

4.  Liquid  blister  (No.  3,  6,  or  7)  1  dr.,  ivory  black  1  dr., 
camphor  1  dr.,  palm  oil  1  oz. 

5.  Citrine  ointment  1  oz.,  camphor  1  dr.,  colour  as 
above. 

HELLEBOEE  OINTMENT.  Powdered  white  hellebore 
1  part,  lard  8  parts ;  an  irritating  dressing  for  rowels  and 
setons. — V.  C. 

HOOF  OINTMENT.  Tar  and  tallow,  equal  parts,  melted 
together. — White. 

IODINE  OINTMENT  (Simple).  Iodine  1  part,  lard  8 
parts;  mix. — V.  C. 

FAECY  OINTMENT.  Iodine  1  dr.,  lard  1  oz.,  mercurial 
ointment  1  oz.,  mix.  Useful  when  the  complaint  is  con- 
fined to  one  leg ;  from  5  to  10  grains  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium being  given  daily,  with  a  miivral  tonic. 

IODINE  OINTMENT  (Compound).  Iodine  1  dr.,  iodide  of 
potassium  2  drs.,  lard  2  oz. — V.  C. 


OINTMENTS,   CEEATES,   ETC.  105 

IODIDE  OF  MERCURY  OINTMENT.  Red  iodide  of 
uierciiry  1  part,  lard  or  palm  oil  7  j^arts ;  mix ;  the  size 
of  a  nut  to  be  rubbed  on  daily;  in  thorouglipin. 

For  Strangles.  Iodide  of  mercury  1  dr.,  lard  1  oz. — 
Spoonee. 

OINTMENTS  FOR  MANGE  AND  LICE. 

1.  Sulphur  4  oz.,  soft  soap  4  oz.,  oil  of  bays  4  oz.,  train 
oil  q.  s. 

2.  Sulphur  1  oz.,  train  oil  1  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  2  oz. 

— YOI'ATT. 

3.  Train  oil  3  oz.,  sulphur  1  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  6  oz. 
— White. 

4.  Sulphur  8  oz.,  common  tvu'pentine  2  oz.,  strong  mer- 
curial ointment  2  oz.,  linseed  oil  1  pint ;  rub  the  flowers 
of  sulphur  with  a  fourth  part  of  the  oil,  then  rub  in  the 
turpentine  and  ointment,  and  gradually  add  the  rest  of  the 
oil ;  half  to  be  rubbed  in  daily  for  three  days  ;  on  the  sixth 
day,  v.ash  off  with  soft  soap  and  warm  water. — CxATER. 

5.  Oil  of  turpentine  3  oz.,  oil  of  vitriol  1  oz. ;  mix 
cax;tiously,  avoiding  the  fumes,  and  add  melted  lard  8  oz., 
train  oil  4  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  2  oz.,  flowers  of  sulphur 
or  sulphur  vi\'um  4  oz. ;  stir  till  cold ;  apjily  daily  for  3 
or  4  times,  and  give  an  alterative  powder  twice  a  day. — 
White. 

6.  Oil  of  bay  16  oz.,  .strong  mercurial  ointment  6  oz., 
oil  of  turpentine  2  oz.,  soft  soap  4  oz. ;  mix  and  apply  in 
the  sun ;  but  it  is  not  quite  safe. — Beacke>". 

7.  Oil  of  turpentine  4  oz.,  oil  of  tar  4  oz.,  train  oil  8  oz., 
sulphur  4  oz. 

8.  Sulphur  vivum  8  oz.,  powdered  stavesacre  1  oz., 
mercurial  ointment  2  oz.,  tvirpentine  2  oz.j  lard  or  train 
oil  8  oz. — Blaine. 

9.  Sulphiir  4  oz.,  white  hellebore  ^  oz.,  oil  of  tar  3  oz., 
train  or  linseed  oil  12  oz. — Spoo>'EE. 

10.  Soft  soap  and  tar,  equal  parts. 

11.  Weak  mercurial  ointment  \  lb,  sulphur  ^^\'^ml  4  oz., 
white  hellebore  3  oz.,  black  pepper  3  oz.,  oil  of  tar  1  oz., 
olive  oil  enough  to  make  it  soft :  use  daily  for  7,  10,  fir  14 
days. — Taplin. 


106  MEDICINES    FOR   HORSES 

OINTMENTS  FOR  MALLENDERS  AND  SALDENDERS, 

(Scurvy  eruptions.) 

1.  Citrine  ointment  2  oz.,  tar  ointinent  1  oz. ;  mix. 

2.  Lard  2  oz.,  finely  powdered  red  precipitate  2  drs. — 
White. 

3.  Sugar  of  lead  1  part,  tar  2,  lard  6 ;  mix,  give  a  diu- 
retic ball  occasionally. — Yoi'Att. 

4.  Lard  2  oz. ;  melt,  and  stir  in  Goulard's  extract  1  oz. 
— White. 

5.  Quicksilver  1  oz.,  common  turpentine  3  oz. ;  mix. — 
Bracken. 

6.  Sublimate  10  grs.,  mercurial  ointment  1  oz. ;  mix. 

7.  Iodide  of  potassium  1  dr.,  lard  2  oz.,  Goulard's  extract 
4  drs. ;  mix. 

8.  Camphor  1  dr.,  sugar  of  lead  ^  dr.,  mercurial  oint- 
ment 1  oz. ;  mix,  and  apply  after  washing  with  soap  and 
water. — Blaine. 

9.  Naphthalin  1  dr.,  cod-liver  oil  1  oz.,  zinc  ointment 
1  oz. 

MARSHMALLOW  OINTMENT.  The  following  is  often 
substituted  for  the  Pharmacopoeia  preparation  :  Rape  oil 
1  ft,  yellow  wax  6  oz.,  palm  oil  ^  ft,  common  turpentine 
1  oz. 

MERCURIAL  OINTMENT.     This  is  prepared  in  the  usual 

way ;    but  Venice  tiirpentine    is   often   iised   to  kill    the 

quicksilver  more  speedily,  as  it  does  not  interfere  with  its 

veterinary  uses. 
Strong  Merctirial  Ointment.     1.  Quicksilver  16  oz.,  Venice 

turpentine  2  oz. ;   rub  together  till  the  metal  is  killed, 

then  add  16  oz.  of  lard. 

2.  Quicksilver  16  oz.,  liquid  styrax  5  drs.,  lard  3  oz. ; 

triturate  until  the  metal  disappears,  and  add  12  oz.  more 

lard. — Cressent. 
Weaker  Mercnrial  Ointment.     1.  Sti'ong  mercurial  ointment 

1  part,  lard  2  parts. 

2.  Quicksilver   2    oz.,    balsam    of    sulphur  \   oz. ;    rub 

together  till  the  globules  disappear,  and  add  6  oz.  of  lard. 

— Taplin. 
Compound  Mercurial  Ointment.     Mercurial  ointment  1  part, 

soft  soap  2  parts, — V.C. 


OINTMENTS,    CEKATES,   ETC.  107 

RESOLVENT  OINTMENTS,  for  indolent  tnniom-s  of  the 
withers,  spavins,  windgalls,  farcy  buttons,  splints,  &c. 

1.  Strong  mercurial  ointment  4  oz.,  cantharides  in  powder 
i  oz.,  oil  of  rosemary  2  drs. — White. 

2.  Biniodide  of  mercury  1  part,  lard  or  palm  oil  7  parts; 
rub  together  in  a  mortar;  the  quantity  of  a  nut  to  be 
rubbed  on  daily  till  a  scurf  is  produced :  for  spavin  and 
thoroughpin. — Spooner. 

3.  Blister  ointment  2  oz.,  strong  mercurial  ointment 
1  oz.,  soft  soap  i  oz.,  oil  of  bays  3  drs.,  yellow  wax  3  drs.; 
melt  the  wax  by  a  gentle  heat,  add  the  other  ingredients, 
mix  by  stirring,  remove,  and  stir  till  cold. — Lebas. 

4.  Common  turpentine  12  parts,  corrosive  sublimate 
1  part ;  mix. — Giraed. 

OINTMENT    OF    NITKATE    OF    SILVER.      Nitrate   of 

silver  5  to  10  grs.,  lard  1  oz. — MoRTOX. 

CREASOTE  OINTMENT.  Creasote  1  part,  lard  8  parts.— 
V.  C. 

MILD  CITRINE  OINTMENT.  Ointment  of  nitrate  of 
quicksilver  1  part,  lard  and  oil,  of  each  2  parts.  In  tarsal 
ophthalmia. 

SOFTENING  AND  COOLING  OINTMENTS,  for  cracks, 
and  ulcers  on  tlie  heel,  &c. 

1.  Spermaceti  ointment  4  oz.,  olive  oil  1  oz.,  sugar  of 
lead  2  drs.,  oxide  of  zinc  1  oz. — White. 

2.  Extract  of  lead  i-  dr.,  lard  1  oz. ;  mix. — Clater. 

3.  Marshmallow  ointment  4  oz.,  extract  of  lead  3  drs., 
elder  ointment  \  oz.,  calamine  1  oz. 

OINTMENT  FOR  SIT-FASTS,  and  all  hard  tumours. 
Strained  ammoniacum  4  oz.,  mercurial  ointment  8  oz.,  oil 
of  turpentine  10  oz. — Hinds. 

OINTMENTS  FOR  SORE  BACKS  AND  SADDLE- 
GALLS.     (See  Lotions,  Vet.  Formulary.) 

1.  Camphor  2  dr.,  oil  of  rosemary  1  dr.,  elder  ointment 
or  lard  3  oz.     . 


108  MEDICINES   Foil   HOUSES 

2.  Marsliuiallow  ointment  4  oz.,  extract  of  lead  1  oz. — 
White 

SULPHUPJC  ACID  OINTMENT. 

1.  Sulphuric  acid  1  dr.,  lard  1  oz. ;  mix. 

2.  Sulphuric  acid  1  fluid  oz.,  lard  8  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine 
1  oz. 

OINTMENT  FOR  SPAVINS  AND  WINDGALLS.  (See 
Resolye>-t  Ointments,  above.) 

TAR  OINTMENT.  Equal  parts  of  tallow  and  tar,  melted 
together. 

OINTMENTS  FOR  THRUSH  AND  CANKER. 

1.  Common  verdigris  j  oz.,  calamine  j  oz.,  sulphate  of 
zinc  1  dr.,  tar  3  oz. — Blaixe. 

2.  Blue  vitriol  2  oz.,  white  vitriol  1  oz.,  rubbed  do^xii 
and  mixed  with  lard  2  its.,  tar  1  ft ;  a  pledget  of  tow 
covered  with  it  to  be  introduced  into  the  cleft  of  the  frog 
every  night,  and  renewed  in  the  morning. — Youatt. 

3.  Thrush  Paste. — Alum,  blue  vitriol,  white  vitriol,  of 
each  1  oz. ;  rub  them  into  a  fine  powder ;  melt  2  lbs.  of  tar 
with  1  ft  of  lard,  and  when  getting  cool,  stir  in  the 
powder. — Clater. 

4.  Verdigris  1^  oz.  (or  burnt  ahmi  8  oz.),  red  lead  8  oz., 
treacle  4  lbs. ;  boil  to  a  proper  consistence,  and  add  1  oz.  of 
nitrous  acid. — Feeon. 

5.  Barbadoes  tar  4  oz.,  suli^huric  acid  ^  oz. — Spoonee. 
G.  In   Canke?\     Tar  4  parts,  nitric  acid  1  part ;    mix. — 

MOETOX. 

OINTMENTS  FOR  FARCY  BUDS.  1.  Sublimate  1  oz., 
white  arsenic  i  oz.,  yellow  arsenic  ^  oz.,  euphorbium  ^  oz., 
oil  of  bays  4  oz. ;  mix. — Lamotte. 

2.  (Topiqtie  I'errat.)  Corrosive  sublimate  1  oz.,  white 
and  yellow  arsenic  each  ^  oz.,  oil  of  bays  4  oz. ;  mix  with 
a  gentle  heat. 

TURPENTINE  OINTMENT.  Common  turpentine  1  part, 
lard  3  jmrts;  melt  together. — V.  C. 


OINTMENTS,    CERATES,   ETC.  109 

VERDIGRIS  OINTMENT.  Vci-Lligris  in  powder  1  part, 
common  turpentine  1  part,  lard  12  parts :  for  foul  ulcers 
and  tarsal  opMhalmia. — Moeton. 

OINTMENT  FOR  WARTS  AND  ANBURIES.  Muriate 
of  ammonia  2  drs.,  powdered  savin  1  oz.,  lard  1^  oz. ;  to 
be  applied  daily. — Blaise. 

OINTMENTS   FOR   CHRONIC   VIVES. 

1.  Emetic  tartar  2  drs.,  olive  oil  1  dr. ;  rub  together  till 
smooth,  and  add  lard  1  oz. 

2.  Iodide  of  potassium  1  dr.,  palm  oil  1  oz. ;  rub  toge- 
ther till  quite  smooth. — Clatee. 

ASTRINGENT  PASTE,  for  broken  kiiees  and  for  wounds 
after  the  iuflamniatiou  has  subsided. 

1.  Powdered  alum  aud  pipeclay,  mixed  with  water  to 
the  consistence  of  cream.  For  broken  knees  it  may  be 
coloured  \nth  bole  and  lamp-black. — White. 

2.  Paste  for  Open  Knee- Joint.  Flour  and  stale  beer, 
boiled  to  the  consistence  of  paste,  and  coloured  as  above. 
To  be  spread  thick  aU  round  the  joint,  and  covered  with  a 
pledget  of  tow,  and  ^  sheet  of  bro^^^l  paper ;  aud  the  leg 
of  a  cotton  stocking  ckawii  over  the  whole.  The  stocking 
to  be  covered  with  the  paste,  and  enveloped  with  2  calico 
bandages  regularly  applied. — Tuenee. 

STOPPING   FOR   THE   FEET. 

1.  Cow-dung   beaten   v.ith   a   fom'tli    part   of    clay. — 

YOUATT. 

2.  Soft  soap  4  oz.,  Barbadoes  tar  16  oz.,  linseed  meal 
2i  lbs.— White. 

3.  Tallow  and  tar,  equal  parts,  melted  together. 

4.  Common  tar  2  parts,  soft  soap  1  part,  linseed  meal 
q.  s.  To  be  spread  over  the  solo  of  the  foot  \  of  an  inch 
thick,  covered  with  a  layer  of  tow,  aud  a  leather  sole  over 
all.— V.  C. 

HOOP  OINTMENTS. 

1.  Equal  parts  of  wax,  olive  oil,  lard,  veal  suet,  tur- 
pentine, and  honey ;  melt  the  wax  and  lard  with  the  oil 


110  MEDICINES    FOE   HORSES 

by  a  gentle  heat,  remove  from  the  fire,  and  add  the  honey 
and  turpentine,  stirring  till  cold;  when  intended  to  em- 
hellish  the  hoof  as  well  as  to  soften  it,  it  may  be  coloured 
with  lamp-black  or  ivory-black. — Bouegelat. 

2.  Tallow  4  lbs.,  beeswax  4  oz.,  tar  ^  ft ;  melt  slowly, 
remove  from  the  fire,  and  when  they  begin  to  cool,  stir 
together.  A  portion  of  pitch  may' be  added  when  in- 
tended to  fill  fissures,  &c. — Beacy  Clark. 

COMPOSITION  FOR  SAND  CRACKS.  Beeswax  4  oz., 
yellow  resin  2  oz.,  common  turpentine  1  oz.,  tallow  i  oz. ; 
melt  together ;  fill  the  cracks  with  the  composition,  and 
turn  the  horse  out  to  grass. 

SUPPLING  LINIMENT  FOR  BRITTLE  HOOF.     Oil  of 

tar  1  pyit,  fish  oil  2  pints.— Clateb. 

CHAE&ES. 

The  usual  method  of  applying  charges  is  to  soften  the  com- 
pound by  heat,  and  apply  it  with  a  large  spatula  to  the 
part,  as  warm  as  the  animal  can  comfortably  bear  it,  and 
while  warm,  to  cover  it  with  cut  tow.  Charges  are  used  for 
old  sprains  of  the  loins,  strains  of  the  back  sinews,  wind- 
galls,  &c.  Cold  charges  are  spread  on  cloth  or  leather, 
and  renewed  as  they  become  di-y. 

1.  Simple  Charges.  Pitch  4  oz.,  turpentine  1  oz. — 
Gaspaein. 

2.  For  Strains  of  the  Loins.  Pitch  4  lbs.,  turi)entine 
6  oz.,  olive  oil  4  oz.;  melt  together.— B.  Claek. 

3.  Burgundy  pitch  4  oz.,  wax  4  oz.,  yellow  resin  4  oz., 
connnon  turpentine  1  oz. ;  melt  together,  and  when  it 
begins  to  thicken,  stir  m  1  oz.  of  bole. — White. 

4.  Burgundy  or  connnon  pitch  5  oz.,  tar  6  oz.,  wax  1  oz. ; 
melt  together,  and  when  they  are  becoming  cool,  stir  in 
i  dr.  of  powdered  cantharides. — YotTATT. 

5.  Pitch  3  fts.,  tar  1  ft,  beeswax  \  ft  ;  melt  together. — 

ClATEE. 

6.  Resin  2  oz..  Burgundy  pitch  4  oz.,Barbadoe8  tar  2  oz., 
wax  3  oz.,  red  lead  4  oz. — White. 


POWDERS  111 

7.  Pitch  8  oz.,  suet  4  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  3  oz. ;  tinc- 
ture of  cantliarides  3  oz. — Delafosse  and  Lassaigne. 

8.  Cold  Charge.  Eole  \  ft,  white  of  egg  and  vinegar, 
to  form  a  soft  paste,  to  Ije  applied  on  doubled  cloth  or 
leather,  and  removed  as  it  dries  ;  for  sjjrains  in  the  back 
slneivs. — Bracken. 

9.  Bruised  leaves  of  elder,  or  cabbage,  or  mallow. — 
B.  Claek. 

10.  Mercurial  Charge.  B.  pitch  1^,  wax  I5  ibs. ;  melt, 
and  add,  while  cooling,  9  oz.  of  mercurial  ointment  pre- 
viously mixed  with  6  drs.  of  iodine. — Mr.  S.  Fisher. 

11.  Soot  Charge.  Common  tui'pentine  4^  oz.,  soot 
3  oz. ;  mix. — Delafond. 

POWDEES  FOR  OUTWAED  USE. 

ASTRINGENT  POWDERS;  chiefly  used  for  sprinkling 
greasy  or  ulcerated  heels,  after  the  inflammation  has  been 
sulxlued  by  poultices, — and  in  joint  wounds. 

1.  Calamhie  (true)  4  parts,  alum  1  part;  mix. — 
Morton. 

2.  Burnt  alum,  dried  sulphate  cf  iron,  and  myrrh, 
equal  parts. — V.  C.  (Comp.  powder  of  alum.) 

3.  Alum  1  dr.,  charcoal  i  oz.,  chalk  2  oz. — Blaine. 

4.  Sulphate  of  zinc,  chalk  slightly  calcined,  white  pepper, 
in  equal  parts. — B.  Clark. 

5.  Alum  4  oz.,  bole  1  oz. — White. 

6.  Oak  bark  1  oz.,  verdigris  2  drs. — BlAINE. 

7.  White  vitriol  2  oz.,  oxide  of  zinc  1  oz. — White. 

8.  Prepared  chalk  4  oz.,  sulphate  of  zinc  1  oz.,  charcoal 
1  oz.,  Armenian  bole  2  oz. — Spoonee. 

DETERGENT    AND     ESCHAROTIC    POWDERS;     for 

cleansing  foul  ulcers  and  repressing  fungvis  or  proud 
flesh.  They  should  all  be  very  finely  powdered  and  well 
mixed. 

1.  Equal  parts  of  calcined  white  vitriol  and  alum. — 
Bracken. 

2.  Bole  2  drs.,  blue  vitriol  or  verdigris  1  oz. — White. 

3.  Red  precipitate  I  oz.,  acetate  of  copper  |  oz.,  cala- 
mine ^  oz. — Blaine, 


112  MEDICINES    FOE   HORSES 

4.  Red  precipitate  j  oz.,  burnt  alum  2  clrs. 

5.  Blue  vitriol  1  oz.,  alum  1  oz.,  white  lead  1  oz. 

6.  Equal  parts  of  verdigris  and  sugar  of  lead. — Clater. 

7.  Ahim,  dried  sulphate  of  iron,  and  myrrh,  equal 
parts  :   in  Joint  wounds. 

8.  Alum,  sulphate  of  iron,  of  zinc,  and  of  copper,  of 
each  1  oz.,  muriate  of  ammonia  ^  oz.,  camphor  and 
saffron,  of  each,  I5  dr. — Bouchaedat. 

STYPTIC    POWDER.      Alum,   with   an   equal   or   double 
weight  of  flour. — White. 

STYPTIC  STONE.     See  Sundry  Solutions,  under  "  Medi- 
cine for  Horses,"  further  back. 

SNEEZING   POWDERS.     The  mgredients  to  be  very  finely 
jjowdered  and  mixed. 

1.  Asarabacca  4  drs.,  white  hellebore  1  dr.,  mix,  and  keep 
in  a  battle  for  use. — Bracken. 

2.  SnufE  1  oz.,  hellebore  1  dr.,  euphorbium  10  to  20  grs. 
— Peck. 

3.  In  Incipient  Cataract.  Turpeth  mineral  2  drs., 
asarabacca  4  drs. ;  mix,  and  ajiply  as  much  as  will  lie  upon 
a  sixpence,  daily. — Bracken. 


MEDICINES   FOR   NEAT   CATTLE. 


DEINKS  OE  DRENCHES. 

Note. — The  peculiar  structure  of  the  digestive  organs  in 
cattle  renders  it  proper  to  give  their  medicines  in  a  liquid 
form.  For  the  same  reason,  drenches  should  be  given 
very  slowly,  so  as  to  enter  at  once  the  third  or  fourth 
stomach.  It  is  only  in  cases  of  hoven  or  blown,  that  it  is 
desirable  to  introduce  medicine  into  the  first  stomach  or 
rumen. 

For  treatment  of  the  Cattle  Plague  q/'l865,  see  p.  125. 

PURGING  and  LAXATIVE  DRENCHES.  These  are 
given  when  fever  exists,  or  is  threatened;  to  prevent 
downfalls  of  the  udder ;  after  calving,  to  prevent  milk- 
fever  ;  to  remove  undue  accumulations  in  costiveuess ;  in 
the  first  stage  of  red- water,  and  jaundice;  and  in  all 
infiauunatory  complaints. 

1.  Epsom  salts  8  oz.,  sulphur  4  oz.,  ginger  2  drs.,  warm 
water  a  pint,  linseed  oil  12  oz. — Spoojn'eb. 

2.  Epsom  salts  6  or  8  oz.,  castor  oil  8  oz.,  gruel  Ij  pint, 
ginger  ^  oz. 

3.  Glauber's  or  Epsom  salts  16  oz.  (or  in  bad  cases  with 
fever,  2i  oz.),  caraways  1  oz.,  ^varm  gruel  a  quart. — 
Clater. 

4.  Castor  oil  from  16  to  24  oz.,  with  gruel ;  but  it  is 
uot  to  be  depended  on. 

5.  To  No.  3,  add  2  or  3  drs.  of  gamboge,  or  4  drs.  of 
aloes. 

6.  .Sulphur  8  oz.,  ginger  ^  oz.,  warm  gruel  a  quart :  in 
rheumatism,  or  joint-fellon. — Clater. 

7.  Common  salt  6  oz.,  flour  of  mustard  a  tablespoonful, 
grated  ginger  or  ground  pepper,  of  either,  a  teaspoonful, 
gin  i  pint,  water  2  pints. 

8 


Il4 


MEDICINES  FOR  NEAT  CATTLE 


8.  Common  salt  1  ft,  warm  water,  or  gruel,  q.  s.  Tlie 
last  three  are  only  proper  where  there  is  not  much  fever. 

9.  In  Red-toate)\  Sulphate  of  magnesia  8  to  16  oz., 
sulphur  2  to  6  oz.,  carbonate  of  ammonia  ^  oz.,  ginger 
i  oz.,  warm  water  q.  s. ;  a  fourth  of  this  every  6  hours  till 
the  bowels  are  sufficiently  acted  on. — Spoonee. 

10.  When  the  last  does  not  operate.  Calomel  20  grs., 
yeast  ^  pint. — Haeeis. 

11.  Aloes  4  to  6  dr.,  common  salt  4  to  6  oz.,  ginger 
1  to  3  drs.,  water  a  q\iart,  anodyne  tincture  2  oz. :  in  red- 
water. — White. 

12.  Cordial  Purgatives.  Aloes  4  drs.,  Epsom  salts  4  oz., 
ginger  1  dr.,  carminative  tincture  2  oz.,  water  1  quart. — 
White. 

13.  In  the  commencement  of  j)uerperal  or  milk  fever. 
Epsom  salts  6  or  8  oz.,  powdered  croton  seeds  20  to  30  grs., 
ginger  4  drs. ;  in  3  or  4  pints  of  gruel :  rej)eat  in  6  hours, 
if  required,  without  the  croton  seeds. — Blaine. 

14.  In  locked  jaw.  Barbadoes  aloes  IJ  oz.,  powdered 
croton  kernel  10  grs.,  boiling  water  q.  s. ;  given  when  cool. 
— Clateb. 

15.  Mild  laxative  and  tonic.  Epsom  salts  ^  ft,  sulphur 
4  to  6  oz.,  ginger  J  oz.,  gentian  \  oz.,  warm  water  q.  s. — 
Eveson. 

16.  In  flatulent  colic  with  costiveness.  Aloes  li  oz., 
carbonate  of  potash  3  drs.,  ginger  ^  oz.,  warm  water  1  pint, 
linseed  oil  8  oz. — White. 

17.  Palm  oil  16  oz.,  Glauber's  salts  12  oz.,  boiling  water 
q.  s. — Pece. 

18.  Laxative  drink  for  cows  that  are  kept  on  hay.  Aloes 
4  drs.,  ginger  \\  drs.,  water  a  quart,  Epsom  salts  6  oz.,  car- 
bonate of  soda  \  oz.  J  for  one  dose. — Youatt. 

FEVER  DEENCHES,  for  fevers,  colds,  influenza,  &c. 

1.  Tartar  emetic  1  dr.,  digitalis  \  dr.,  nitre  3  drs.;  mix, 
and  give  in  a  quart  of  gruel :  in  simple  colds  or  catarrh. 
— Clatee. 

2.  Antimonial  powder  2  drs.,  opium  a  scruple  ;  rub 
together,  and  mix  with  thick  gruel :  after  bleeding,  in 
inflammation  of  the  bladder. — White. 

3.  In  influenza,  or  epidemic  {epizootic)  colds.  Niti'e  ^  oz., 


DRINKS    OK   BKENCHES  115 

salt  of  tartar  1  oz.,  camphor  2  drs.,  valerian,  liquorice, 
turmeric,  of  each  1  oz.,  mustard  2  oz.,  juniper  berries  1  oz., 
gruel  a  quart. — Skeeeett. 

4.  For  the  same.  After  bleeding  and  a  laxative,  give 
antimonial  powder  2  drs.,  camphor  1^  drs.,  ginger  3  drs., 
laudanum  ^  oz.,  in  gruel. — White. 

5.  In  had  colds  attended  icitJi  fever.  Nitre  1  oz.,  camphor 
^  dr.,  tartar-emetic  \  dr.,  in  gruel. — Peck. 

FEBRIFUGE   TONIC   DRENCHES. 

1.  Antimonial  powder  J  dr.,  camphor  1  dr.,  Peruvian 
bark  1  oz.,  gruel,  or  decoction  of  arrowroot,  or  starch,  q.  s. 
for  2  doses. — Peck. 

2.  In  the  decline  of  fevers  and  influenza.  Emetic  tartar 
i  dr.,  nitre  2  drs.,  gentian  3  drs.,  chamomile  1  dr.,  ginger 
2  dr. ;  pour  on  them  a  pint  of  boiling  ale,  and  give  when 
cool. — Clatee. 

3.  Emetic  tartar  ^  dr.,  gentian  2  drs.,  digitalis  5  dr., 
nitre  \  oz.,  spirit  of  nitric  ether  4  drs.,  gruel  q.  s. 

TONIC   DRENCHES. 

1.  Cascarilla  3  drs.,  ginger  3  drs.,  carbonate  of  soda  2  drs., 
in  gruel. — White. 

2.  Gentian  \  oz.,  ginger  1  dr.,  Epsom  salts  2  oz.,  warm 
gruel  a  pint. — Clatee. 

3.  Tartarized  iron  1  dr.,  gentian  2  drs.,  ginger  1  dr., 
gruel  1  pint,  after  laxatives,  in  indigestion. 

DRENCHES  FOR  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  LIVER. 

After  bleeding  give — 

1.  Calomel  1^  drs.,  opium  ^  di'.,  ginger  2  di's.,  thick  gruel 
q.  s.  Six  hours  afterwards,  give  Epsom  salts  1  lb,  sulphur 
6  oz.,  linseed  oil  i  pint,  gruel  q.  s. — Spoonee. 

2.  Epsom  salts  1  tb,  caraway  \  oz.,  Barbadoes  aloes 
i  oz.  ;  in  a  quart  of  warm  gruel. — Clatee.  After  the 
yello\\niess  appears,  give — 

3.  Half  of  No.  2,  with  20  grs.  of  calomel  morning  and 
night. — Clatee. 

6.  Mr.  FiNLAY  Dun's  treatment  is — Cathartics.  Salinesi 
Aconite.     Chloride  of  Ammonium.     Laxative  diet. 


116  MEDICINES    FOR   XEAT    CATTLE 

DKENCHES  FOR  JAUNDICE  OR  YELLOWS. 

1.  Opmni  10  grs.,  calomel  10  grs.,  thick  gruel  q.  s.,  at 
night,   and   the   tonic   drink   (No.   2)  in  the  morning. — 

ClATEE. 

2.  Mr.  Sjiooner  says  salts  in  5-ilj  doses,  with  a  little 
ginger,  are  generally  sufficient. 

3.  Chloride  of  sodium  §  oz.,  carbonate  of  soda  i  oz., 
turmeric  2  oz.,  Glauber's  salts  6  oz.,  powdered  gentian 
and  chamomile  2  drs.,  gruel  q.  s. 

4.  Castile  soap  i  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  i  oz.,  ginger 
3  drs.,  gentian  1  oz. ;  rub  tlie  soap  and  turpentine  in  a 
mortar,  and  gradually  add  a  pint  of  water,  and  afterwards 
the  ginger  and  gentian. — White. 

5.  Castile  soap  1  oz.,  salt  1  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  1  oz., 
yolks  of  two  eggs;  mix  togethei",  and  gradually  add  a 
strong  decoction  of  barberry-bark. 

6.  Powdered  cummin  seed,  aniseed,  and  turmeric,  each 
2  oz.,  grains  of  paradise  and  salt  of  tartar,  each  1  oz., 
mix.  Slice  1  oz.  of  Castile  soap,  to  mix  with  2  oz.  of 
treacle.  Pour  a  qiiart  of  boiling  ale  upon  all  the  ingre- 
dients, and  administer  when  lukewarm.  To  be  repeated 
two  or  three  times  a  day. 

CLEANSING  DRINKS,  for  cows  after  calving.  These  are 
often  applied  for,  Imt  are  condemned  as  useless  or  hurtful 
by  veterinarians  of  the  new  school.  The  following  are 
some  of  the  forms  in  use ;  probably  a  gentle  laxative 
would  be.  in  most  cases  preferable. 

1.  Spermaceti,  Irish  slate,  and  birthwort,  in  po^\der, 
of  each  1  oz.,  powdered  aniseed  2  oz.,  liquorice  xwwder 
2  oz. ;  in  linseed  tea. 

2.  Aniseed,  myrrh,  birthwort,  allspice,  cummin  seed,  of 
each  1  oz.,  in  a  quart  of  gruel. — M'Ewek. 

3.  Juniper  berries  3  oz.,  birthwort  2  oz.,  fenugreek  1 
oz.,  spermaceti  2  oz.,  antimony  1  oz.,  saffron  i  oz.,  in  a 
quart  of  warm  ale. — Downing. 

4.  Resin,  soap,  of  each  J  oz.,  spermaceti  ^  oz.,  aniseed, 
caraway  seed,  of  each  1  oz.,  ginger  i  oz.,  treacle  4  oz., 
warm  gruel  a  quart. 

5.  1  oz.  spermaceti,  1  oz.  Iju'thwort,  2  oz.  powdered 
bay-berries,  1  oz.  myrrh  ;  in  juuiper-bcvry  tea. 


DKINKS    OH    DRENCHES  117 

LAXATIVE  DIUNK  AFTER  CALVING.  Epsom  salts  13 
oz.,  aniseed  1  oz.,  olive  oil  6  oz.,  gruel  a  pint,  or  q.  s. 

DEEXCH  FOR  STRANGURY.  After  laxatives  and  a 
elystei',  give  camphor  2  drs.,  spirit  of  nitrons  ether  §  oz., 
tincture  of  opium  -^  oz.,  nitre  1  oz.,  gruel  a  pint. — White. 

DRENCHES  FOR  HOVEN  OR  BLOWN  (flatulent  dis- 
tension of  the  paunch).  It  appears  doubtful  whether  any 
liquid  enters  the  paunch  in  these  cases.  More  dependence 
is  now  placed  on  the  introduction  of  a  tube,  constructed  for 
the  purpose. 

1.  Ginger  i  oz.,  spirit  of  nitric  ether  2  oz.,  oil  of  pep- 
permint 30  drops,  ^^■arm  water  a  pint. — White. 

2.  Liquid  ammonia,  or  spirit  of  hartshorn,  ^  oz.  to  1  oz. 
(Ij  oz. — White),  cold  water  3  pints. — Moiroud. 

3.  Chloride  of  potasli  4  drs.,  water  4  oz.,  ether  3  drs. 
The  solution  of  chlorinated  soda  may  be  substituted  for 
chloride  of  potash  (Eau  de  Javelle). — Chaelot. 

4.  Aloes  3  drs.,  pimento  2  drs.,  oil  of  turpentine,  2  oz., 
spirit  of  hartshorn  1  oz.,  in  gruel  or  warm  water. — Blaine. 

5.  Chloride  of  lime  2  drs.,  water  a  quart.  Administer 
it  by  means  of  a  stomach-pump,  and  repeat  in  an  hour  if 
required. — .YorATT. 

RHEUMATIC   DRENCH. 

1.  Sulphur  8  oz.,  ginger  -^  oz. ;  in  gruel,  evei-y  third  day 
if  necessary. — Clatee. 

2.  Antimouial  powder  2  drs.,  Dover's  powder  -j  dr.,  ani- 
seed 1  oz.,  thick  gruel  a  \nnt ;  night  and  morning,  the 
bowels  having  been  opened  by  No.  1. — Clatee. 

3.  Rhododendron  leaves  4  drs.,  water  a  quart ;  boil  to 
a  pint,  strain,  and  add  powdered  gum  guaiacum  2  drs., 
caraway-seeds  and  aniseed,  each  2  drs.,  warm  ale  j  pint. 

ANTISPASMODIC  DRENCH  FOR  LOCKED  JAW. 
1.  Camj)hor  1  dr.  (rubbed  with  spirit),  powdered  opium  1 
dr.,  thick  gruel  J  pint. 

2.  MR.  FINLAY  DLTS['S  TREAMENT  OF  LOCKED  JAW. 

Purgatives.     Belladonna  and  chloral   hydrate.     Cool  air. 


118      MEDICINES  FOE  NEAT  CATTLE 

Warm   clothing.      Perfect    quiet.      Soothe    any   wound. 
Vapour-bath. 

CORDIAL   CARMINATIVE   DRENCHES.     Drenches  for 
indigestion,  and  colic  without  inflammation. 

1.  In  indigestion.  Salt  3  or  4  oz.,  carbonate  of  soda 
2  ctrs.,  ginger  \  dr.,  anodyne  carminative  tincture  (see 
Tinctures,  Solutions,  Vet.  Formulary)  2  oz.,  water  10  or  12 
oz. — White. 

2.  The  same.  Aloes  4  drs.,  common  salt  4  oz.,  ginger 
2  drs.,  anodyne  carminative  tincture  (see  Tinctures,  Solu- 
tions) 2  oz.,  q.  s. 

3.  In  Colic.  Salt  4  oz.,  aloes  3  drs.,  ginger  1  dr.,  opium 
J  oz.,  water  1  pint,  peppermint  water  1  pint. 

4.  Carminative.  Oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  tincture  of 
o])ium  6  drs.,  spirit  of  nitric  ether  2  oz.,  water  1  pint. — 
White. 

5.  Warm  Cordial.  A  bottle  of  red  wine,  extract  of 
juniper  1  oz.,  powdered  cinnamon  ^  oz. — Lebas. 

6.  3£ild.  Peppermint  2  oz.,  chamomiles  i  oz.,  hot 
water  5  pints  ;  infuse,  and  give  while  warm. 

7.  Chamomile  2  oz.,  aniseed  1^  oz. ;  infuse  in  hot  water, 
and  strain ;  when  cold,  add  ether  2  oz. — Vatel. 

DRENCHES  FOR  BLOODY  URINE. 

Bloody  Urine  (Hajmaturia)  and  Red- water,  although  often 
confounded,  are  different  diseases,  and  require  a  different 
treatment.  Hematuria  is  distinguished  by  the  presence 
of  actual  blood  in  the  urine,  in  a  state  of  coagulation,  and 
by  great  tenderness  across  the  loins.  It  generally  occurs 
in  oxen  of  good  condition.  It  is  to  be  treated  by  gentle  • 
purgatives,  stimulating  applications  to  the  loins,  emollient 
drinks  and  opiates.  [Spoonee.]  Give  one  of  the  follow- 
ing di'enehes  : 

1.  Epsom  salts  6  to  8  oz.,  water  a  quart,  castor  oil  4  to 
6  oz. — White.     Or, 

2.  Linseed  oil  1  pint,  gruel  1  pint,  caraways  2  drs., 
Epsom  salts  8  oz.  (in  warm  water  i  pint),  tincture  of 
opium  2  drs.  Or  either  of  the  laxative  drenches  for  red 
water,  below. 

3.  After  the  above,  when  the  pain  and  difficulty  have 


DEINKS    OE   DEENCHES  119 

abated,  but  the  water  continues  bloodir,  give — Catechu 
2  drs.,  opium  |  dr.,  alum  3  drs.,  gum  arabic  i  oz.,  water 
^  pint ;  simmer  for  a  few  minutes,  and  add  ^  pmt  of  ale. 
Eepeat  if  required. 

4.  In  obstinate  cases.  Oil  of  jmiiper  J  oz.,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine 1  oz.,  laudanum  1  oz.,  in  a  pint  of  linseed  tea ;  at 
lirst  twice,  and  afterwards  once  a  day. — Rush. 

5.  Three  quarters  of  a  pint  of  black  beer,  and  2  oz., 
Irish  slate. — Knowlson. 

DRENCHES  FOR  RED- WATER. 

This  commonly  attacks  milch  cows,  and  appears  generally 
to  arise  from  the  nature  of  the  pasture.  Moderate  bleed- 
ing is  recommended,  but  is  less  necessary  than  in  hsema- 
turia.  Laxatives  should  then  be  given.  Mr.  Finlay  Dun 
says  blood-letting  is  decidedly  injurious,  and  he  also 
discountenances  the  employment  both  of  diuretics  and 
astringents. 

1.  Epsom  salts  8  to  12  oz.,  sulphur  2  to  4  oz.,  carbonate 
of  ammonia  |  oz.,  ginger  ^  oz.,  warm  water  4  pints  ;  give 
a  fourth  part  every  6  hours  till  the  bowels  are  acted  on. — 
Spoonee.     Or, 

2.  Glauber's  salts  12  oz.,  carbonate  of  soda  \,  oz.,  nitre 
\  oz.,  sugar  1  oz.,  powdered  caraways  \  oz.,  in  a  quart  of 
gruel.  Or  the  Purging  drenches.  No.  1,  2,  or  3.  After 
the  bowels  are  well  opened,  give  astringents  or  mild 
stimulants. 

3.  The  laxative  drench.  No.  11,  page  110. — White. 
This  is  White's  drench  for  red-water.  No.  1.  To  be  fol- 
lowed by  drenches  of  whey. 

4.  Astringent.  Powdered  oak-bark  i  oz.,  catechu  2  di's., 
opium  10  grs.,  gruel  1  pint. — Clatee. 

5.  Catechu  2  drs.,  mucilage  4  oz.,  lime-water  6  oz. — 
Blaixe. 

6.  Laudanum  \  oz.,  sugar  of  lead  J  dr.,  catechu  4  drs., 
gruel  1  quart. — White. 

7.  After  laxatives.  Ginger,  gentian,  each  1  dr.,  spa-it  of 
nitrous  ether  1  oz.,  gruel  q.  s. ;  twice  a  day. — Spoo>:ee. 

.  8.  Powdered  oak-bark  1  oz.,  charcoal  1  oz.,  bole  2  oz., 
iu  a  quart  of  new  milk. — Pie. 


120  MEDICINES    FOE   KEAT    CATTLE 

9.  Catechu  li  oz.,  alum  I5  oz.,  diapente  2  oz.,  Locatelli 
balsam  2  oz.,  warm  gruel  3  piuts. — M'Ewex. 

10.  Dragon's  blood  2  oz.,  rust  of  iron  1  oz.,  nitre  3  oz  ,  oil 
of  turpentine  2  oz. ;  mix ;  for  2  doses,  in  gruel. — Downing. 

11.  Sulphuric  acid  1  dr.,  tincture  of  opium  i  oz. 
treacle  4  oz.,  warm  gruel  4  quarts ;  daily,  for  a  week. — 
Blaine. 

DRINK  FOR  ACUTE  DIARRHCEA.  Sulphate  of  soda, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  of  each  2  oz.,  ipecacuanha  5  dr., 
sulphate  of  iron  6  grs. — Biaine. 

FOR  CHRONIC  DIARRHCEA.  Calomel  i  dr.,  aloes  1  dr., 
gentian  2  drs.,  opium  5  grs.  decoction  of  chamomiles  1  pint, 
— Blaine. 

ASTRINGENT  DRENCHES,  for  dysentery  (scouring  rot) 
or  lax. 

1.  After  purging  drenches  :  prepared  chalk  2  oz.,  oak- 
bark  1  oz.,  catechu  i  oz.,  opium  2  scruples,  ginger  2  drs,, 
warm  gruel  1  quart. — Clatee. 

2.  Two  quarts  of  alum  whey. 

3.  First  give  blue  pill  2  or  3  dr.s.,  rhubarb  3  drs.,  castor 
oil  4  oz.,  gruel  1  pint,  well  stirred  before  giving  it ;  rejjeat 
this  3  or  4  mornings ;  then  give — thick  starch  (made  with 

4  oz.   of  starch)   3  or  4  pints,  tincture  of  opium  2  drs., 
ginger  3  di's.,  catechu  J  oz. — White. 

4.  Mutton  suet  1  lb,  new  milk  2  quarts ;  boil,  and  add 
opium  i  dr.,  ginger  1  di'. — Clatee. 

5.  Cordial  Astringent  Drench.  (After  the  laxative 
drench  No.  2.)     Catechu  \  oz.,  allspice  t  oz.,  caraways 

5  oz.,  ale  \  pint,  water  i  pint. — White. 

6.  Decoction  of  sloes,  with  prepared  chalk. — TrssEE. 

7.  Decoction  of  wormwood  a  quart,  gum  Arabic  2  oz., 
aromatic  confection  1  oz.,  catechu  2  drs. ;  with  linseed  tea, 
repeated  every  G  days  for  three  times. — Rawlings. 

8.  Sheep's  lieart,  liver,  and  lights,  all  chopped  iip  to- 
gether.— Scmnee. 

EXPECTORANT  AND  COUGH  DRENCHES  IN 
HOOSE  or  CATARRH.  [See  Medicines  for  Calves, 
further  on.] 

1,  Bruised  liquorice  2  oz. ;  boil  in  a  quart  of  water  to 


DEINKS    OR   DEENCHES  121 

a  pint,  strain,  and  add  powdered  squill  2  drs.,  prmn  truaia- 
cum  1  dr.,  tincture  of  tolu  4  drs.,  honey  2  oz. — Clateb. 

2.  Balsam  of  suli)liur  2  oz.,  Barbadoes  tar  1  oz.,  yolks 
of  2  eggs,  honey  4  oz.,  salt  of  tartar  ^  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed 

1  dr.,  elecampane  1  oz.,  gruel  1  quart :  in  chronic  coughs. 

3.  Fresh  squill  2  oz.,  garlic  2  oz.,  raiegar  24  oz. ;  digest 
for  a  day  ^^■itll  a  gentle  heat,  strain  and  press,  and  boil 
the  liquor  with  24  oz.  of  treacle  :  for  6  doses,  in  chronic 
cough. 

4.  For  recent  coughs.  Digitalis  20  grs.,  emetic  tartar 
■f  dr.,  niti'e  3  drs.,  squill  1  dr.,  opium  20  grs.,  gruel  1  pint. 

5.  Boil  4  oz.  Iceland  moss  and  1  oz.  liquorice  root  in  4 
quarts  of  water  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and  strain ;  add 
to  the  liquor  1  oz.  nitre,  cream  of  tartar  2  oz.  In  hoose 
from  cold,  if  inflammation  of  the  lungs  and  fever  be 
present,  bleed  before  giving  the  drink,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  inflammation  only.  See  also  Fever  Drench 
(back). 

If  the  disease  be  connected  with  worms  in  the  air  pas- 
sages, give  the  following : 
Worm  Drench. — For  cough  from  worms  :   Oil  of  turi)entine 

2  oz„  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  1  oz.,  laudanum  ^  oz. ;  mix,  and 
give  in  a  pint  of  gruel. — Clatee. 

DRENCHES   FOR   THE    EPIDEMIC,   affecting  the  feet 
and  mouth,  and  attended  with  a  low  fever. 

IMr.  FiXLAT  Dux  recommends  the  following  treatment : 
Soft  laxative  food,  brought  to  the  patient ;  rest ;  cleanli- 
ness ;  comfortable,  soft  lodging ;  hydrochloric  acid  and 
treacle,  and  Condy's  fluid  for  mouth,  udder,  and  feet ;  lead 
acetate  solution.     Milk  cows  frequently;  sjqihon. 

For  treatment  of  the  Cattle  Plague  of  1865,  see  further  on. 

1.  Glauber's  salts  1  ft,  treacle  4  oz.,  sulphur  4  oz., 
aniseed  \  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  2  oz.,  warm  water  3  pints ; 
give  it  new-milk  warm.  The  above  is  for  a  full-grown 
beast.  The  mouth  to  be  washed  with  a  strong  solution 
of  blue  vitriol,  burnt  alum,  and  vinegar.  If  the  feet 
crack,  apply  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  hydrochloric  acid 
and  water. 

2.  Some  cattle-masters  give  common  salt  in  gruel,  vith 
great  success. — Blaine, 


122      MEDICINES  FOE  NEAT  CATTLE 

3.  After  a  mild  dose  of  salts — sweet  spirit  of  nitre  1  oz., 
ale  yeast  6  or  8  oz. — Blaine. 

4.  Epsom  salts  8  oz.,  sulphur  2  oz.,  nitre  i  oz.,  ginger 
g:  oz. ;  half  of  this  to  be  given  m.  warm  water,  with  1  oz. 
of  sweet  spirit  of  nitre.  Repeat  daily.  "Wlien  the  bowels 
are  properly  relaxed,  and  the  fever  reduced,  but  much 
weakness  remains,  give  the  following : 

5.  Tonic  Drench.  Gentian  4  drs.,  ginger  2  drs.,  sulphate 
of  iron  2  drs.,  sweet  spirits  of  nitre  1  oz.,  warm  water  q.  s. ; 
wash  the  mouth  with  one  of  the  lotions  for  canJcer  (Vet. 
Formulary) ;  dress  the  feet,  after  paring  and  poulticing, 
with  equal  parts  of  tincture  of  myrrh  and  butter  of 
antimony,  and  afterwards  apply  the  astringent  powder  (see 
Vet.  Formulary).— Spoonee. 

6.  Linseed  oil  a  pint,  oil  of  tm'pentine  8  oz.,  aloes  |  oz., 
guiger  g-  oz.,  laudanum  1  oz. ;  mix.  For  2  doses,  to  be 
given  with  gruel. 

MURRAIN  DRENCHES. 

1.  Sweet  spirit  of  nitre  i  oz.,  laudanum  ^  dr.,  solution 
of  chloride  of  lime  2  drs.,  prepared  chalk  1  oz.,  mis,  and 
give  in  a  pint  of  warm  gruel. — Clatee. 

2.  Cascarilla  powder  2  oz.,  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  J  oz., 
liquid  acetate  of  ammonia  4  oz.,  beer  yeast  8  oz. ;  every  4 
hours. — Blaine. 

3.  Opiate  confection  1  oz.,  liquid  acetate  of  ammonia 
2  oz.,  water,  1  quart ;  for  one  dose. — Vatel. 

4.  Tonic.  Calumba  2  drs.,  canella  2  drs.,  ginger  1  dr., 
sweet  spirit  of  nitre  i  oz.,  thick  gruel  1  pint. — Spoonee. 

5.  Ceylon  Memedi/.  A  small  piece  of  lard  the  size  of  a 
walnut.     Said  to  be  used  with  perfect  success. 

6.  To  Prevent  Murrain.  Myrrh  1  oz.,  Epsom  salts  2  oz., 
sulphur  1  oz.,  liver  of  antimony  \  oz.,  diapente  1  oz. ;  in 
rue  tea. — Downing. 

7.  Sulphite  of  soda  1  oz.  in  3  galls,  of  water.  The 
animals  are  to  be  allowed  to  drink  ad  libitum. — Sir  J. 
Ttkell. 

LOTION  FOR  THE  MURRAIN  OR  'FOOT  AND 
MOUTH  DISEASE.'  Dissolve  1  ft  of  sulphate  of  copper 
in  Cj  of  soft  water,  wash  the  animals'  mouths  with  this, 


DEINKS   OR   DEENCHES  123 

with  a  spousre  attached  to  a  stick,  then  put  2  or  3  hirge 
tablespooufuls  of  oatmeal  and  powdered  aliun,  equal  parts, 
into  their  mouths,  near  the  root  of  their  tongue.  Wash 
their  feet,  especially  between  the  claws,  with  the  copper 
solution,  and  let  them  stand  on  dry  straw. — Mr.  Scott. 

FOE  THE  DISTEMPER. 

Warm  tar-water  is  much  recommended  hy  some.  It 
should  be  given  in  doses  of  3  quarts  3  or  4  times  a  day, 
gradually  dimuiishing  the  quantity. 

DIURETIC  DRINKS. 

1.  Common  turpentine  i  oz.,  ginger  2  drs. ;  mix  with  a 
little  treacle,  and  add  gradually  spirits  of  nitrous  ether 

1  oz.,  gruel  a  pint. — Clater. 

2.  Tonic  Diuretic.     Common  turpentine  4  drs.,  ginger 

2  drs.,  gentian  2  drs.,  tartrate  of  iron  1  dr. ;  I'ub  together 
with  a  little  treacle,  and  add  gradually  1  oz.  of  sweet 
spirit  of  nitre. 

BULLING  DRENCHES.  Tliese  are  strongly  condemned 
hy  modern  veterinary  writers;  those  drenches,  at  least, 
which  contain  cautharides. 

1.  Aniseed,  grains  of  paradise,  bay  berries,  of  each  1  oz.j 
cautharides  in  fine  powder  20  to  30  grs. ;  to  be  given  in  a 
quart  of  milk. 

2.  Black  hellebore  ^  oz.,  capsicum  2  drs.,  birthwort  ^  oz., 
bay  berries  1  oz.,  cautharides  20  grs. ;  in  a  quart  of  warm 
ale. — Downing. 

3.  A  quart  of  milk  from  a  cow  in  season. — Clatee. 

4.  Powdered  cautharides  20  grs.,  aniseed  2  oz.,  black 
hellebore  i  oz.;  m  ale,  gruel,  or  milk. — Peck. 

DRYING  DRENCHES,  for  drying  a  cow's  milk.  Bleed  the 
night  before,  and  give  the  drink,  warm,  in  the  morning. 
The  bleeding  is  questionable  treatment. 

1.  Boil  6  drs.  of  alum  in  milk,  and  strain. — White. 

2.  Akmi  6  lbs.,  bole  2  lbs.,  cream  of  tartar  or  red  tartar  1 
lb  ;  mix.  Give  from  6  to  9  oz.,  in  stale  beer  ;  or  in  gruel 
with  i  pint  of  vinegar. 

3.  Roche  or  common  alum  4  oz.,  dragon's  blood  ^  oz., 
turmeric  1  oz.,  in  a  pint  of  rennet  water,  and  a  pint  of 


124  MEDICINES    FOE    NEAT    CATTLE 

vinegar.— Downing.  [These  large  doses  of  aluin,  though 
often  given,  are  not  regarded  as  necessary  or  proper  by 
modern  veterinary  writers.] 

DRENCH  FOE   THE   BITES  OF  VIPERS.     Olive  oil  2 
pints,  spirits  of  hartshorn  1  oz. ;  mix. 

ALUM  WHEY.     Boil  i  oz.  o£  alum  in  2  quarts  of  milk  for 
ten  minutes,  and  strain. 

AKODYNE  CARMINATIVE    TINCTURE;    and  Tincture 
of  Pimento.     Sec  Medicines  toe  Horses  (Tinctures). 

ALTERATIVE  POWDERS. 

1.  Sulphur  4  oz.,  black  antimony  1  oz.,  jEtliiops  mineral 
■J  oz.,  nitre  2  oz. ;  mix,  for  4  doses  :  to  be  given  daily  in 
gruel. 

2.  Alterative  Tonic.  Add  to  the  last  2  oz.  gentian  and 
1  oz.  ginger;  and  make  6  doses. 

FEVER  POWDERS,  IN  INFLAMMATION,  &c. 

1.  Antimonial  powder  a  scruple,  camphor  i  dr.,  nitre  1 
oz. ;  mix :  give  twice  a  day  in  gruel. — Peck. 

2.  Peruvian  bark  16  oz.,  nitre  24  oz. ;  for  16  doses. 

CORDIAL  POWDERS. 

1.  Black  mustard  \  oz.,  flowers  of  sulphur  1  oz.,  aro- 
matic powder  (see  Veteeinaey  Powdees,  further  back) 
1  oz.,  fenugreek  4  oz.,  common  salt  16  oz. ;  a  large  piece 
on  a  slice  of  bread. — Matthieu. 

2.  Cow  Spice.  As  Horse  Spice,  No.  2  (see  Veterinary 
Powders  muler  Rledicines  for  Horses,  further  back).     Or, 

3.  Powdered  turmeric,  liquorice,  aniseed,  and  diapente, 
each  1  oz. 

CLYSTERS. 

1.  Salt  1  lb,  warm  water  a  gallon. 

2.  Linseed  oil  8  oz.,  Epsom  salts  8  oz.,  gruel  3  quarts. 

MASTICATOEIES. 

1.  Bruised  garlic  4  cloves,  salt  a  tablespoonful,  ground 
pepper  1  oz.,  honey  4  oz.     Boil  for  a  short  time  in  a  glass 


TREATMENT  OF  CATTLE  PLAGUE      125 

of  vinegar,  immerse  it  in  a  piece  of  linen,  and  roll  it  up. 
Keep  it  in  tlie  iinimal's  mouth  for  an  hour,  night  and 
morning.  Antiputrescent ;  in  epizootic  maladies,  and  in 
ulcers  of  ihe  mouth. — J.  Eobinet. 

2.  Bruised  mustard  and  pepper,  each  \  oz.,  rolled  up  in 
linen,  and  sprinkled  with  vinegar :  to  he  kept  in  the  mouth 
not  more  than  half  an  hour,  morning  and  evening,  in 
epizootic  diseases. 

REMEDIES  FOR  THE  EPIZOOTIC  PNEUMONIA.     In 

the  fatal  form  of  this  disease  which  prevailed  some  years 
ago,  the  following  treatment  is  said  to  have  proved  effec- 
tual : — Bleed  freely ;  then  administer  §  pint  of  brandy 
every  2  hours.  Mr.  Jeckyll  gives,  in  pleuro-pneumonia, 
when  a  tonic  is  indicated,  5  oz.  of  the  following  solution 
every  8  hours  : — Sulphate  of  copper  1  part,  water  4  parts ; 
dissolve,  and  add  annnonia  until  it  begins  to  precipitate. 

Mr.  FiNLAY  Dun  says  bloodletting  is  quite  inadmissible. 
He  prescribes  25  to  30  drops  of  Flemming's  tincture  of 
aconite  four  times  a  day. 

TREATMENT    OF    THE    CATTLE    PLAGUE   OF  1865, 
OR  RINDERPEST. 

1.  Vaccination.  This  has  been  recommended  on  the 
theory  that  the  Cattle  Plague  is  analogous  to  or  identical 
with  Smallpox.  Vaccination  with  the  lymph  of  Cow 
Pock  may  then  be  resorted  to  as  a  prophylactic.  It  may  be 
])ractised  on  the  ndder  or  vulva  of  a  cow.  It  has  already 
been  resorted  to  very  extensively,  but  with  doubtful  suc- 
cess.    (January,  1866.) 

(Wliether  the  plague  be  Smallpox,  or  a  form  of  enteric 
fever,  or  a  disease  sui  generis,  the  precaution  of  separat- 
ing infected  animals  from  the  remainder  of  the  herd  is 
equally  necessary.  The  diseased  carcase  must  be  buried 
or  destroyed  at  a  distance.  The  most  scrupulous  cleanli- 
ness must  be  observed  in  the  yards  and  sheds,  and  provi- 
sion made  for  ventilation  and  abmidant  supply  of  water, 
with  the  counteraction  of  all  noxious  smells  and  emana- 
tions by  means  of  carbolic  acid.  When  the  cattle  have 
sickened  with  the  disorder,  it  cannot  be  checked,  bii.t,  like 
other  contagious  diseases,  must  run  its  coiu'se.  'J'be  treat- 
ment can  only  be  palliative.   Among  innumerable  recipes  we 


126  MEDICINES   EOE   IS^EAT    CATTLE 

select  the  following  as  the  most  likely  to  be  useful.     Theix* 
application  must  be  guided  by  the  circumstances  of  the  cases.) 

2.  The  Laxative  Treatment.  Linseed  oil  6  to  12  oz., 
^^itll  tiu'pentine  1  to  2  oz. ;  the  dose  to  be  repeated  once  or 
twice.  This  dose,  as  the  others,  may  be  given  in  warm 
gruel. 

3.  The  Astringent  Treatment.  Applicable  in  later 
stages,  when  there  is  often  much  diarrhoea.  Chalk  and 
opium  (Dr.  Letheby)  j  or  laudanum  2  oz.,  comp.  infusion 
of  catechu  1  pint,  in  a  warm  mash,  with  2  or  3  tablespoon- 
fuls  of  charcoal. — Malton  AoRicrLTURAL  Association. 

4.  The  Saline  Treatment.  Useful  in  moderating  the 
fever,  and  generally  in  mild  cases.  Table  salt  ^  ft,  Epsom 
salts  i  ft,  brimstone  \  ft,  ground  ginger  2  oz.,  nitre  2  oz., 
old  ale  1  quart  (Dr.  Allnatt)  ;  or  chlorate  of  potash  2  drs. 
to  i  oz.,  thrice  daily. — Mr.  F.  Buckland. 

5.  The  Mixed  Saline  Treatment.  Adopted  in  imita- 
tion of  Dr.  Stevens'  treatment  of  cholera.  Chloride  of 
sodium  3  oz.,  nitre  2  oz.,  carbonate  of  potash  3  oz.,  chlorate 
of  potash  2  oz.,  sulphate  of  magnesia  4  oz.,  old  ale  2  quarts. 
(Dr.  Allnatt.)  It  would  be  as  well  to  divide  the  dose  into 
3  or  4.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  1  oz.,  common  salt  1  oz., 
chlorate  of  potash  \  oz.,  Rochelle  salt  1  oz. ;  in  a  gallon  of 
water  :  1  pint  every  second  hoiir  or  oftener. — Dr.  Tuckee. 

6.  The  Diaphoretic  Treatment.  Useful  as  the  last,  in 
mild  cases.  Sweating  to  be  jjromoted  by  rubbing,  wrap- 
ping in  blankets,  or  vapour  baths.  Sweet  sjsirit  of  nitre 
1  to  2  oz.,  and  spirit  of  Mindererus  1  to  2  oz.,  in  2  or  3 
quarts  of  linseed  meal  gruel.  Will  also  act  as  a  diuretic. 
— Malton  Association. 

7.  The  Stimulant  Treatment.  16  oz.  of  Unseed  oil 
and  a  "  mutchkin  "  of  whiskey.  (Professor  Dick.)  Large 
draughts  of  old  ale  recommended  by  some.  6  drs.  of  car- 
bonate of  ammonia  3  times  a  day.  (Professor  Dick.)  12 
to  15  grs.  of  camphor,  with  20  grs.  of  carbonate  of  ammonia 
in  gruel,  thrice  daily. — Dr.  COPLAND. 

8.  The  Tonic  Treatment.  A  dr.  each  of  the  tincture  of 
perchloride  of  iron  and  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  in  a 
quart  of  linseed  tea  or  gruel,  thrice  daily.  (Dr.  Copland.) 
i  oz.  of  sulphate  of  iron,  twice  daily.  (Dr.  Tucker.) 
IJ  oz.  of  powdered   cinchona.      (Dr.   Smart.)      Strong 


MEDICIlSrES  FOE   CALVES  127 

hydrochloric  acid  2^  oz.,  strong  nitric  acid  li  oz.,  sulphate, 
or  chloride  of  iron  1|  oz.,  water  to  make  a  quart ;  one  ounce 
of  this  in  a  gallon  of  water  for  a  dose. — Malton  Associa- 
tion. 

9.  Arsenical  Treatment.  Adopted  by  the  homceopathists, 
with  their  usual  want  of  success.  -jL  to  ith  of  a  grain  of 
arsenic  for  a  dose,  every  2  hours,  to  alternate  with  ^Lth  gr. 
of  phosphorus.  Vapour-baths  also  recommended,  and  im- 
mense quantities  of  old  ale  given. — Dr.  Kidd. 
^  10.  Sloppy  food.  Chlorate  of  potash,  sulphite  of  soda. 
Sulphurous  acid  inhalation  and  sponging.  Carbolic  acid, 
internally  and  externally.  Tonics,  stimulants :  mineral 
acids  and  bitters.  Separate  healthy  from  sick.  Disin- 
fectants.— FiNLAY  Dun. 

N.B. — However  useful  to  the  individual,  these  remedies 
are  of  little  avail  in  preventing  the  spread  of  the  disorder. 
With  regard  to  this  plague,  and  that  of  late  years,  the 
foot  and  mouth  disease,  both  eminently  contagious,  the 
well-being  of  the  community  demands  the  most  ruthless 
use  of  the  poleaxe  in  all  suspected  cases.  The  stamping 
out  of  the  disorder  by  the  slaughter  of  all  diseased  animals, 
and  the  prohibition  of  importations  from  infected  districts 
abroad,  which  is  done  by  an  Order  of  Council,  are  the 
securest  means  of  checking  these  destructive  epidemics. 

MEDICINES  FOE  CALVES. 
PURGATIVE  DRENCHES. 

_  1.  Epsom  salts  1  oz.  to  2  oz.,  according  to  the  age  and 
size  of  the  calf;  dissolve  in  ^  pint  of  gruel,  and  add 
20  grs.  of  ginger,  and  3  drops  of  essence  of  peppermint. — 
Clateh. 

2.  Salts  1^  oz.,  castor  oil  2  oz.,  ginger  10  grs.,  caraway 
2  di-s.,  gruel  ^  pint. 

3.  In  costiveness,  and  accumulation  in  the  paunch  and 
stomach.  Dissolve  2  oz.  of  Epsom  salts  in  2  or  3  quarts  of 
water,  or  4  oz.  in  a  gallon,  according  to  the  age  of  the  calf, 
and  throw  it  in  gently  by  means  of  a  stomach-pump. 

4.  Laxative.  Epsom  salts  2  or  3  oz.,  carbonate  of  soda 
2  drs.,  water  6  or  8  oz.,  ginger  1  dr.,  mix.  After  it  has 
operated,  give  the  cordial,  No.  3,  below.— White. 


128  MEDICII^'ES   FOE   NEAT    CATTLE 

DRENCHES  foe  DIARRHCEA,  or  CALVES'  CORDIAL. 

1.  Youatt's  Cordial.  Prepared  chalk  2  oz.,  catechu 
1  oz.,  ginger  ^  oz.,  opium  1  dr.,  peppermint  water  1  pint ; 
dose  for  a  calf,  from  2  to  4  tablespoonfiils. 

2.  Prepared  chalk  2  di's.,  opium  10  grs.,  catechu  ^  dr., 
ginger  ^  dr.,  essence  of  peppermint  5  drops;  mix,  and 
give  twice  a  day  in  |  pint  of  gruel. — Clatee. 

3.  Caraway  4  oz.,  ginger  ^  dr.,  suhcarbonate  of  soda  1 
dr.,  brandy  or  gin  1  oz.,  water  8  oz. — White's  Cordial. 

4.  Half  a  bottle  of  Dalby's  carminative. 

5.  Suet  boiled  in  milk  ^  pint,  opium  5  grs.,  alum  5  grs., 
prepared  chalk  i  oz. ;  mix. 

6.  If  No.  2  fails :  Dover's  powder  2  scruples,  aromatic 
powder  1  dr.,  kino  |  dr. ;  give  it  night  and  morning,  with 
1  oz.  of  arrowroot  boiled  in  a  pint  of  water. — Clatee. 

INFLAMMATORY  DISORDERS.  Bleed ;  give  2  to  6  oz. 
Epsom  salts.  [Give  to  a  calf  of  six  months  old  i  the  dose 
for  cattle;  at  a  year  and  a  half,  ^  the  dose. — Sroois'EE.] 

MEDICINE  FOR  PILES  IN  CALVES. 

Oil  of  vitriol  15  drops,  tincture  of  opium  J  oz. — Pece. 

SOLUTION  OF  POTASH,  FOR  CORDS,  &c.  Suhcarbonate 
(carbonate)  of  potash  2  oz.,  fresh  lime-water  8  oz.  To  cor- 
rect acidity  in  the  stomach,  give  1  or  2  teaspoonfuls  in 
gruel ;  the  first  dose  to  be  given  A\ith  an  ounce  or  two  of 
Epsom  salts  in  ^  a  jiint  of  thin  gruel.  If  the  disorder  is 
attended  with  griping  pains,  add  a  teaspoonful  of  anodyne 
carminative  tincture. — White. 

ALUM  WHEY.     See  page  124. 

TO  PROMOTE  THE  FATTENING  OF  CALVES. 

Aniseed  i  ft ;  fenugi'cek  w  ft,  linseed  meal  1  ft ;  make  it 
into  a  paste  with  milk,  and  cram  them  with  it. 

Fattening  Toivder.  Common  salt  \\'\i\\  a  little  carbonate  of 
soda ;  a  small  cpantity  added  to  the  food  promotes  fatten- 
ing, and  prevents  scouring,  &c. 

HOOSE,  OR  COUGH  FROM  WORMS  IN  AIR  PAS- 
SAGES. 

1.  \  pint  lime-water  every  morning,  and  a  tablespoonful 
of  salt  every  afternoon,  to  each  calf .— Matee. 


EXTEENAL   APPLICATIONS  129 

2.  Linseed  oil  4  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  oil  of  cara- 
ways 20  drops ;  repeated  once  or  twice  at  intervals  of 
10  days.  This  dose  for  calves  of  6  to  10  months  old. — 
Dickens. 

3.  A  tablcspoonful  of  oil  of  turpentine,  a  little  sweet  oil, 
and  6  or  8  oz.  of  warm  water. — White. 


€%Utml  liplitatians  for  ^mt  €Mt 

LOTIONS  OR  WASHES.    (See  also  Embrocations.) 

LOTIONS  FOR  CANKER  IN  CALVES. 

1.  Alum  1  oz.,  water  8  oz.,  tincture  of  myrrh  1  oz. 
honey  of  roses  1  oz. 

2.  Equal  parts  of  tincture  of  mjTrh  and  water. — 
Clatee. 

3.  Alum  i  oz.,  water  1  pint,  tincture  of  myrrh  1  oz. 

LOTION  FOR  COW-POCK.  Sal  ammoniac  i  oz.,  white 
vinegar  ^  pint,  camphorated  spirit  2  oz.,  Goulard's  extract 
1  oz. ;  mix. — Clatee. 

LOTIONS  FOR  SLIGHT  BRUISES. 

1.  Extract  of  lead  i  oz.,  vinegar  4  oz.,  soft  water  1  pint. 
— White. 

2.  Acetate  of  ammonia  4  oz.,  water  I  pint,  spirit  of  cam- 
phor ^  oz. 

DISCUTIENT  LOTION,  for  dispersing  tumours.  Bay  salt 
4  oz.,  vinegar  1  pint,  water  1  quart,  oil  of  origanum  1  dr.; 
rub  the  oil  with  the  salt,  and  gradually  add  the  others. 

LOTIONS  FOR  STRAINS. 

1.  Bay  salt  4  oz.,  oil  of  origanum  1  dr. ;  rub  together, 
and  add  vinegar  ^  pint,  spirit  of  wine  2  oz.,  water  1 
quart. 

2,  Common  salt  1  oz.,  sal  ammoniac  1  oz.,  water  1  pint. 

0 


130       MEDICINES  FOE  NEAT  CATTLE 

LOTIONS  FOE  FOUL  IN  THE  FOOT.  After  poulticing, 
and  removing  loose  horn,  apply — 

1.  Eutter  of  antimony,  or 

2.  Strong  solution  of  alum. 

3.  Solution  of  sulphate  of  copper. 

4.  (\Mieu  tlic  above  are  not  sufficient.)     Dissolve  2  drs. 
of  corrosive  sublimate  in  12  oz.  of  water.— White. 

5.  One  fluid  drachm  of  carbolic  acid  in  from  6  to  12  oz. 
of  water. — Trsox. 

LOTIONS  FOR  WOUNDS. 

1.  Tincture  of  myrrh  and  aloes. 

2.  For  proud  flesh.     Strong   solution   of    sulphate   of 
copper. 

3.  For   offensive  wounds:  chloride  of  lime  1  oz.,  water 
1  X)int ;  mix  well,  and  strain. 

LOTION  FOR  BULL-BURNT.  Goulard's  extract  1  oz. 
spirit  of  wine  2  oz.,  water  ^  pint. 

LOTION  FOR  BLAIN  IN  THE  MOUTH.  After  lancing 
the  bladder,  apply  a  saturated  solution  of  salt  in  water. — 

YOITATT. 

LOTION  FOR  THE  MOUTH,  in  ulceration  during  the 
epidemic.  Alum  1  oz.,  sulphate  of  zinc  5  oz.,  warm  water 
1  pint,  treacle  i  ft. — Spoonee. 

WASHES  FOR  DESTROYING  VERMIN.  Tliey  are  all 
poisonous. 

1.  Stavesacre  seeds  4  oz.,  water  4  pints;  boil  to  2  pints, 
and  apply  it  daily. — Peck. 

2.  Sublimate  2  drs.,  spirit  of  wine  2  oz.,  water  1  pint. — 
Clatee. 

3.  Stavesacre  4  oz.,   white  hellebore  root  2  oz.,  water 
1  gallon ;  boil  to  half ;  apply  with  a  sponge. 

LOTION  FOR  MANGE.  Corrosive  sublimate  2  drs.,  muri- 
atic ajid  i  oz.,  water  12  to  16  oz. ;  mix.  In  obstinate 
cases  only. — White.     See  Linime?its, 


EMBROCATIONS    AND    LINIMENTS  131 

EYE  WATERS,  OR  COLLYRIA. 

1.  White  vitriol  a  scruple,  spirit  of  wine  1  dr.,  water  a 
l)iut. — Clatee. 

2.  Sugar  of  lead  10  to  20  grs.,  soft  water  8  oz.— V.C. 

3.  Sedative  Eye  Drops.  Powdered  digitalis  1|-  oz. ; 
infuse  in  a  pint  of  Cape  wine  for  a  fortnight,  and  filter :  a 
few  drops  to  be  introduced  into  the  eye  twice  or  thrice  a 
day. — Spooxee. 

4.  Extract  of  lead  2  drs.,  wine  of  digitalis  (ahove)  2  drs., 
tincture  of  opium  2  drs.,  water  a  pint. 


EMBKO CATIONS  AND  LINIMENTS. 

STRONG  EMBROCATION,  for  deep-seated  strains,  &c. 

1.  Oil  of  origanum  ^  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  i  pint,  sweet 
oil  1^  pint,  powdered  cantharides  1  oz. — Ciatee. 

2.  Olive  oil  4  oz.,  oil  of  tm-pentine  1  oz.,  water  of  am- 
monia 1  oz.  (For  sti'ains  and  bruises,  after  the  inflam- 
mation has  subsided.) — White. 

CROTON  LINIMENT.  Bruised  croton  seeds  1  part,  oil  of 
turpentine  8  parts.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  strain.  It 
irritates  the  skin  powerfully ;  for  general  purposes  it  re- 
quires to  be  diluted  with  olive  oil. — Moeton. 

MUSTARD  EMBROCATION.  Flour  of  mustard  4  oz.,  oil 
of  turpentine  2  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  2  oz. — White. 

RHEUMATIC  EMBROCATIONS. 

1.  Olive  oil  2  oz.,  strong  water  of  ammonia  1  oz.,  marsh- 
mallow  ointment  1  oz. 

2.  Neatsfoot  oil  4  oz.,  camphorated  oil  1  oz.,  oil  of 
turpentine  1  oz.,  laudanum  1  oz.,  oil  of  origanum  1  dr. — 
Clatee. 

3.  Sweet  oil  4  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  2  oz.  Mix. — 
White. 

EMBROCATIONS  FOR  GARGET,  or  Downfall  of  the 
Udder. 

1.  Oil  of  elder  4  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  \  oz.,  Mlnde- 
rerus  spirit  1  oz.,  camphorated  oil  2  oz. 


132       MEDICINES  FOE  NEAT  CATTLE 

2.  Olive  oil  3  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  cami^lior  2  drs. 
— White. 

3.  Soft  soap  8  oz.,  oil  of  bays  8  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine 
8  oz.,  spirit  of  camphor  4  oz.  (See  also  Ointments, 
below.) 

DRIFFIELD  OILS.     Barbadoes  tar  1  oz.,  linseed  oil  1  ft, 

oil  of  turpentine  3  oz.,  oil  of  \'itriol  1  oz. 
LIXIMEXT  FOR  ^lANGE.     Sulphur  vivum  or  flower  of 

sulphur  4  oz.,  train  oil  12  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  4  oz. ;  mix. 

LINIMENT  FOR  SORE  THROATS.  Oil  of  turpentine 
1  oz.,  sweet  oil  1  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  2  oz. — White. 

BLISTERING  LINIMENT.  Cantharides  bruised  1  oz., 
oil  of  turpentine  8  oz.;  digest  14  days,  and  strain.  To  be 
applied  by  friction  on  the  skin. — Youatt. 

LIQUID  CAUSTIC.  Butter  of  antimony  alone,  or  mixed 
with  an  equal  quantity  of  tincture  of  myrrh. 

LIQUID  SNUFF.  Alum,  sulphate  of  zinc,  capsicum,  of 
each  1  oz. ;  camphor  2  drs. ;  pulverize,  and  macerate  in 
32  oz.  of  strong  vinegar  and  1  oz.  of  turpentine ;  shake 
up  when  used,  and  introduce  a  teaspoonful  into  the  nos- 
trils, to  promote  a  discharge  for  the  relief  of  inflammation 
of  the  chest. — Matthieu. 

OINTMENTS. 

BLISTERING   OINTMENTS. 

1.  Resin  cerate  1  oz.,  cantharides  finely  powdered  3  drs., 
oil  of  turpentine  2  drs. ;  for  setons. — Clatee. 

2.  Lard  12  oz.,  resin  4  oz. ;  melt  together,  and  when 
STifficiently  cool,  add  oil  of  turpentine  4  oz.,  powdered  can- 
tharides 5  oz. ;  stir  till  cold  :  to  be  rubbed  in  after  remov- 
ing the  hair. — Clatee. 

OINTMENT  FOR  MANGE,  LICE,  &c.  (See  also  Lotions, 
above.) 

1.  Sulphur  1  ft,  common  turpentine  4  oz.,  mercurial 
ointment  2  oz.,  linseed  oil  a  pint.  Melt  the  tuqjentine 
with  the  oil,  and  when  nearly  cold,  stir  in  the  sulphur, 
and  afterwards  the  mercurial  ointment. — Ygfatt, 


OINTMEKTS  i33 

Note. — Cattle  are  easily  salivated,  and  greatly  weakened 
by  it.  Mercurials  should  therefore  he  used  with  great 
caution. 

2.  Sulphur  1  ft,  strong  mercurial  ointment  2  oz.,  com- 
mon turpentine  \  lb,  lard  Ij  ft. — Clater. 

3.  French  Liniment.  Olive  oil  a  pint,  sulphur  4  oz., 
heat  till  the  oil  hecomes  coloured  by  the  sulphur  ;  remove 
from  the  fire,  and  when  nearly  cold,  add  4  oz.  of  oil  of 
turpentine,  apply  with  a  feather. 

4.  Lard  2  fts. ;  melt  and  add  oil  of  turpentine  8  oz., 
sulphuric  acid  2  oz.,  sulphur  vi\'um  8  oz. ;  stir  till  cold. 

5.  Mange  Liniment.  Sulphur  vivum  finely  powdered 
4  oz.,  train  oil  12  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  4  oz.  ;  mi.x. — 
White. 

IODINE  OINTMENT,  for  Empyema.  Rub  together  l^  dr. 
of  iodine,  and  1  dr.  iodide  of  potassium,  with  a  icw  drops 
of  watei',  then  add  3  oz.  of  strong  mercurial  ointment  and 
i  oz.  of  powdered  camphor.  To  be  rubbed  over  the  chest 
every  night  till  it  causes  an  exudation,  then  occasionally, 
to  keep  it  up. 

GARGET  OINTMENT,  for  Downfall  of  the  Udder. 

1.  Soft  soap  1  ft,  mercurial  ointment  2  oz.,  camjjhor 
(powdered  with  spirit)  1  oz. ;  mix  :  give  first  a  laxative, 
then  a  fever  or  diuretic  drink. 

2.  Green  elder  ointment  2  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  \  oz. 

3.  Beat  fox-glove  leaves  with  twice  their  weight  of 
whey  butter ;  to  every  pound  add  1  oz.  of  sal  annnoniac, 
1  oz.  of  turpeiitine,  and  i  oz.  of  bole ;  mix  and  apply  2  or 
3  times  a  day. — Downing. 

4.  Spirit  of  camphor  1  oz.,  mercurial  ointment  1  oz., 
elder  ointment  8  oz. — Youatt. 

5.  Li  obstinate  cases.  Iodide  of  potassium  1  part,  lard 
7  parts.     To  be  rubbed  in  once  daily. — Spoonee. 

FOOT  OINTMENT  (for  all  domestic  animals).  Eipial  parts 
of  tar,  lard,  and  resin,  melted  together. 

OINTMENT  FOR  ULCERS  ABOUT  THE  JOINTS.  Equal 
parts  of  basilicon  and  citrine  ointments. — Clatek. 


134  MEDICIJTES    FOR   NEAT    CATTLE 

HEALING  AND  CLEANSING  OINTMENT.     Lard  2  fts., 

yellow  resin  ^  lb ;  melt  together,  and  when  it  begins  to 

cool,  add  calamine  in  powder  |  ft. 
APPLICATION   TO  WOUNDS.     Mix  the  whites  of  eggs 

with  flour  to  a  proper  consistence.     Applied  over  the  part, 

it  soon  dries,  and  shields  it  from  the  air. 

DIGESTIVE  OINTMENT.  1.  Lard,  common  turpentine, 
of  each  4  oz. ;  melt,  and  add  1  oz.  powdered  verdigris. — 
White. 

2.  Boil  leaves  of  black  hellebore  with  an  equal  weight  of 
lard,  until  the  leaves  are  crisp ;  strain,  and  add  an  equal 
weight  of  common  turpentine.  [A  similar  ointment  made 
with  i\'y  leaves  is  likewise  very  stimulating.] 

OINTMENT  FOR  FOUL  IN  THE  FOOT,  OR  LOW. 

1.  Melt  4  oz.  of  lard  with  4  oz.  of  common  turpentine, 
and  add  1  oz.  of  finely  po\vdered  sulphate  of  copper,  stir- 
ring until  cold. — White. 

2.  Melt  together  equal  weights  of  soft  soap  and  common 
turpentine. — Skeeeet. 

OINTMENT  FOR  CANCEROUS  TUMOURS.  Iodide 
of  potasium  j  oz.,  hot  water  i  oz. ;  dissolve,  and  mix 
with  2  oz.  of  lard. 

CHARGE  FOR  OLD  STRAINS.  Burgundy  pitch  4  oz., 
common  pitch  4  oz.,  wax  2  oz.,  tar  6  oz. ;  apply  hot,  and 
cover  with  cut  tow. 

SETONS. 

1.  Common.  A  piece  of  cord  or  coarse  tape ;  or  liorse 
hair  and  tow,  platted  together. 

2.  Irritating.  Root  of  common  dock ;  or  of  black 
hellebore. 

3.  Cotton  cord  soaked  in  Morton's  cantharidal  solution 
(see  Liniments  and  Embrocations  for  Horses.  Vet. 
Formulary). 

PASTE  FOR  STOPPING  BLEEDING.     Equal  quaiitities 


OINTMENTS  135 

of  white,  groon,  and  blue  vitriol,  flour,  and  bole ;  beaten 
up  with  fresh  nettles  and  a  little  vinegar. 

ASTRINGENT  POWDER  FOR  SORE  FEET,  &c.  Sul- 
phate of  copper  I  oz,,  prepared  chalk  2  oz.,  powdered  alum 
i  oz.,  bole  1  oz. ;  rub  together. — Spooneb. 


MEDICINES 

FOE 

SHEEP    AND    LAMBS. 

These  are  best  given  in  a  liquid  form,  and  should  be  care- 
fully and  slowly  administered.  Sheep  generally  require 
one  sixth  (or  from  one  eighth  to  one  sixth)  of  the  doses 
given  to  cattle. 

PURGING  DRENCHES. 

1.  Epsom  salts  2  oz.,  powdered  caraway  \  oz.,  warm 
thin  gruel  sufficient  to  dissolve  the  salts.  The  editor  of 
Clatee  says  that  this  is  the  best  purging  drink  that  can 
be  used.  For  Lambs  give  a  fourth  of  this,  and  repeat  in 
6  hours  if  necessary. 

2.  Epsom  salts  1|  oz.  or  2  oz.,  ginger  1  dr.,  treacle  1  oz., 
hot  water  4  oz. 

3.  Castor  oil  2  oz.,  ginger  and  salt  of  tartar,  of  each  2 
scruples,  moist  sugar  a  spoonful,  gruel  q.  s. — M'Ewen. 

4.  Epsom  or  Glauber's  salts  from  1  to  2  oz.,  common 
salt  a  teaspoonful,  boiling  water  sufficient  to  dissolve  the 
salts,  and  a  little  gruel.  A  teaspoonful  of  tincture  of 
ginger  or  of  pimento,  or  of  anodyne  carminative  tincture 
(see  Miscellaneous  liquid  Medicines,  Vet.  Formulary,  fur- 
ther back),  may  be  added. 

5.  Sulphur  5  oz.,  Epsom  salts  1  oz.,  common  salt  a  tea- 
spoonful, thin  gruel  5-  pint. 

6.  Linseed  oil  2  or  3  oz.,  croton  oil  2  or  3  drops,  warm 
gruel  q.  s. 

7.  For  Lamhs.  Epsom  salts  2  to  4  drs.,  ginger  ^  dr.,  in 
gruel. — Spoonek. 

8.  For  Sheep  on  the  first  attack  of  Smallpox.  Epsom 
salts  2  oz.,  ginger  2  dr.,  in  chamomile  tea  or  infusion  of 


MEDICINES  FOn   SHEEP  AND  LAMBS    137 

gentian  (or  with  1  dr.  of  powdered  gentian  or  chamomile). 
— Waenecke. 

FEVER  DRENCH.  Powdered  digitalis  20  grs.,  emetic  tartar 
10  grs.,  nitre  2  drs.  Twice  a  day,  mixed  with  gruel. — 
Clater. 

TONIC  DRENCHES. 

1.  General  Tonic.  Gentian  2  drs.,  calmnba  1  dr.,  ginger 
^  dr.,  all  in  powder ;  tinctm-e  of  orange  peel  1  dr.,  gruel 
4oz. ;  for  one  dose. — Clater. 

2.  In  the  last  stage  of  Fever.  Gentian  1  dr.,  ginger 
20  grs.,  spirit  of  nitrous  ether  1  dr.,  tincture  of  cardamom 
20  drops,  in  gruel. 

3.  For  Debility  and  Indigestion,  after  a  purgative. 
Gentian,  caraway,  each  1  oz.,  calumba  and  ginger,  of  each 
•|  oz.  (all  sliced  or  bruised),  boiling  water  a  quart ;  infuse 
till  cool,  and  strain.  Give  a  tablespoonful  daily,  with  the 
same  quantity  of  gruel. — Clater. 

DRENCHES  FOR  RED- WATER.  The  pasture  should 
be  changed  for  shorter,  the  animal  bled,  and  the  bowels 
kept  open  with  the  above  purging  drinks.  If  these 
means  do  not  remove  the  disease,  give  one  of  the  follow- 
ing drenches : — 

1.  Epsom  salts  6  oz.,  nitre  2  oz.,  bole  i  oz.,  hot  water 
3  i)ints,  oil  of  turpentine  4  oz. ;  mix,  and  give  3  or  4 
tablespoonfuls  (from  a  horn  that  will  measure  that 
quantity),  shaking  the  bottle  well  before  each  dose  is 
poured  out. 

2.  Powdered  catechu  30  grs.,  alum  20  grs.,  ginger  20 
grs.,  decoction  of  oak-bark  4  oz.,  for  a  dose. 

3.  Olive  oil  1  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  thick  gruel 
\  pint. 

*^*  Mr.  FiNLAT  Dun  condemns  bloodletting  in  Red-water. 

FOR  EXTERNAL  RED- WATER.     (Vesicles  on  the  skin, 
containing  a  reddish  fluid.) 

1.  Sulphur  2  to  3  drs.,  in  gruel,  oiice  or  twice  a  day.  If 
it  continue,  give — 

2.  Epsom  salts  1  oz.,  gruel  sufficient  to  dissolve  it. — 
Sir  James  Mackenzie. 


188  MEDICIXES    FOR    SHEEP   A^'D   LAMBS 

DRENCHES  FOR  DIARRHCEA,  SCOUR,  &c.,  IN  LAMBS. 

[The  Purging  Drink,  No.  6,  or  a  fonrtli  of  No.  1,  should 
be  given  before  the  Astringent  Drinks.] 

1.  Prepai'ed  chalk  2  oz.,  catechu  1  oz.,  ginger  ^  oz., 
opium  1  dr.,  peppeniiint  water  a  pint.  Dose,  for  lambs, 
a  tablespoonful  night  and  morning. — YorATT. 

2.  Prepared  chalk  5  oz.,  ginger  i  dr.,  catechu  1  dr., 
opium  2  grs.,  in  gruel ;  once  or  twice  daily. 

3.  A  tablespoonful  of  Calves'  Cordial  (see  Jledicines  for 
Calves,  further  back). 

4.  Compound  powder  of  chalk  with  opium  2  drs.,  gen- 
tian 1  dr.,  essence  of  peppermint  3  drops  ;  in  a  little  thin 
starch  morning  and  niglit. — Clatkr. 

5.  Ginger  2  drs.,  caraway  -4  drs.,  prepared  chalk  4  drs. ; 
mix  :  give  a  teaspoonful  in  gruel. — White. 

6.  In  tehite  skit.  A  teaspoonful  of  White's  Alkaline 
Solution  (p.  128)  in  a  little  gruel ;  and  afterwards  No.  7. 

7.  Epsom  salts  3  dri .,  common  salt,  a  scruple,  powdered 
ginger  a  scruple,  thin  ^ruel  4  oz.     Repeat  if  necessary. 

DRENCH    FOR   THE   LATE   EPIDEMIC.     Epsom  salts 

1  oz.,  sulplnir  2  drs.,  nitre  i  dr.,  ginger  15  grs.,  in  warm 
water.  Repeat  half  this,  with  a  teaspoonful  of  svrcct 
spirit  of  nitre,  daily. — Spooxee. 

DRENCH  FOR  COW-POX.  Mi.x:  3  parts  of  flowers  of 
sulphui",  1  of  common  salt,  and  1  of  honey,  into  an  elec- 
tuary; give  i  of  this  daily,  in  gruel.  Keep  the  mouth 
and  nose  clean  with  vinegar  and  water.  See  also  Purging 
Drench,  No.  7,  above. 

DRENCH  FOR  INFLUENZA.  Epsom  salts  i  oz.,  chamo- 
mile tea  4  oz.  Afterwards  give  half  doses  of  the  Fever 
Drench,  above. — Daebt. 

DRENCHES  FOR  BLOWN  OR  BLAST. 

1.  Glauber's  salts  1  oz.,  hot  water  1  oz.,  peppennint- 
water  4  oz.,  tincture  of  ginger  1  dr.,  tincture  of  gentian 

2  drs. ;  every  six  hours  till  the  bowels  are  opened,  and  half 
the  quantity  the  next  4  mornings. —  Ciatee. 

2.  Common   salt  1   oz.,  solution   oi"  potash  (White's) 


MEDICIKES    FOR    SHEEP   AND    LAMBS  139 

li  dr.,  castor  or  olive  oil  2  tablespoonfuls,  water  3  oz. 
After  letting  out  the  air  by  a  tube  or  probang). — White. 

DRINK  TO  PREVENT  RESP  OR  MEADOW-SICKNESS. 

Pearlash  li  dr.,  hot  water  8  oz.  To  be  given  from  a  flat 
bottle  the  second  ajid  fourth  morning  after  putting  them 
to  keep.— HoLDiTcn. 

DRENCH    FOR    STURDY    AND    APOPLEXY.      After 

bleeding,  2  oz.  of  Epsom  and  Glauber's  salts,  in  warm 
water  or  thin  gruel. 

DRENCHES  FOR  FLUX,  OR  SCOURING,  OR  DYSEN- 
TERY. 

1.  Epsom  salts  1  oz.,  hot  water  or  thin  gruel  to  dissolve 
it ;  add  castor  oil  2  oz.,  laudanum  30  drops.  "Wlien  it  has 
operated,  give  No.  2. — Blaine. 

2.  Ipecacuanha  15  grs.,  prepared  chalk  1  dr.,  opium 
2  grs. ;  boiled  starch  or  arrow-root  4  oz.  Night  and 
morning. 

3.  Linseed  oil  2  oz.,  powdered  opium  2  grs.,  linseed  tea 
q.  s.     Afterwards  give  No.  4. — Satee. 

4.  Opium  2  grs.,  ginger  ^  dr,  gentian  ^  dr.,  linseed  tea 
or  gruel  q.  s. 

5.  Epsom  salts  1^  oz.,  hot  water  4  oz. ;  dissolve  and 
add  castor  or  olive  oil  IJ  oz. — White.  Afterwards  give 
No.  6. 

6.  Catechu  i  dr.,  allspice  i  dr.,  caraway  1  dr.,  water  or 
beer  4  oz. ;  simmer  together. 

DRENCHES  FOR  DRY  BRAXY,  OR  INFLAMMATION 
OF  THE  BOWELS. 

1.  After  bleeding :  Epsom  salts  1^  oz.,  warm  water  a 
pint. — Stevenson. 

2.  After  bleeding  :  common  salt  1  oz.,  water  ^  pmt, 
laudanum  a  teaspoonful. — White. 

3.  Laudanum  2  drs.,  castor  oil  3  oz.,  calomel  12  grs., 
treacle  3  oz. — Finlat  Dun. 

DRENCH    FOR    BITES    OF   VENOMOUS   REPTILES. 

Olive  oil  4  oz.,  spirit  of  hartshorn  i  oz.,  gruel  or  arrow- 
root i  pint. — White. 


140         MEDiCIifES   FOR   SHEEP   AlfD   tAMBd 

DRENCHES  TO  PROMOTE  PARTURITION  IN  THE 
EWE. 

1.  A  decoction  of  horsemint,  or  any  other  kind  of  mint. 

2.  Bruised  ergot  of  rye  1  dr.,  boiling  water  a  pint ; 
infuse  for  a  ^  of  an  liour,  and  give  a  third  part.  Repeat 
if  necessary. 

Drenches  and  powders  for  the  rot. 

1.  Juniper  berries  6  oz.,  gentian  1  oz. ;  boil  in  3  gal- 
lons of  water  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  strain,  and  add 
common  salt  4  fcs.,  powdered  ginger  4  oz.,  tartarized  iron 
2  oz. ;  stir,  and  let  it  stand  till  cool.  Put  it  into  wine- 
bottles  filled  two  thirds  full,  and  add  to  each,  1^  oz.  oil  of 
turpentine  and  5-  oz.  sweet  spirit  of  nitre.  Give  a  table- 
spoonful  night  and  morning,  shaking  the  bottle  before 
pouring  it  out. 

2.  Common  salt  8  oz.,  gentian  powder  8  oz.,  ginger  1  oz., 
tincture  of  calumba  4  oz.,  water  to  make  iip  a  quart. — 
Clatee.     See  the  next. 

3.  To  a  quart  of  No  2,  add  spirit  of  turpentine  3  oz. ; 
shake  well  together,  and  give  2  tablespoonfuls  at  night, 
before  the  night's  food  is  given,  and  a  tablespoonful  of 
No.  2  every  morning. 

Powders  for  the  same. — A  French  recipe.  1.  Dry  bran 
10  fts,  salt  Y  lb.,  aromatic  herbs  (as  thyme,  sage,  juniper, 
rosemary,  &c.)  cut  small,  6  oz.,  green  anise  and  coriander, 
of  each  5  oz. ;  mix,  and  give  morning  and  night  every 
third  day.     The  above  quantity  is  for  thirty  sheep. 

2.  Juniper  berries  4  oz.,  bay  berries  1  oz.,  grains  of 
paradise  i  oz.,  bay  salt  li  ft,  loaf  sugar  ^  ft;  powder  all 
together,  and  keep  the  powder  in  a  bottle  for  use.  Give 
the  sheep  dry  and  sweet  hay,  sprinkled  with  the  powder. 
— Laweence. 

DRENCHES  FOR  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  LUNGS, 
CATARRH,  HOOSE,  AND  COUGH.  After  bleeding 
from  the  neck,  give  E^jsom  salts  2  oz.,  gruel  or  linseed 
tea,  q.  s. 

DRENCH  FOR  INFLUENZA.  Epsom  salts  ^  oz.,  chamo- 
mile tea  4  oz.  Afterwards,  small  doses  of  digitalis,  opium, 
tartarized  antimony,  and  vegetable  tonics. — Dakby. 


EXTERNAL  APPLICATIONS  FOE  SHEEP   141 


i^tetnal  3p]^Iicati0tts  for  3|eej). 

EYE  WATERS. 

1.  Strong.  For  cloudiness  of  the  eye;  corrosive  sub- 
limate 4  grs.,  spirit  of  wine  5  oz. ;  dissolve,  and  add  water 
a  pint.— Clatee. 

2.  Tincture  or  wine  of  opium  a  teaspoonful,  water  | 
pint. 

WASHES  FOR  THE  SCAB,  LICE,  AND  TICKS.  (The 
scab  ointments  will  also  destroy  them,  and  are  less  hazard- 
ous, and  less  injurious  to  the  wool.) 

1.  Arsenical  loash.  Wliite  arsenic  2  ft,  salt  of  tartar 
^  it),  water  12  gallons  ;  boil  for  half  an  hour. — Youatt. 

2.  Arsenic  2  fts.,  soft  soap  4  fts.,  water  30  gallons ;  dis- 
solve. The  sheep  to  be  immersed  in  this  liquid  (the  head 
only  being  kept  out),  and  while  in  it,  the  fleece  to  be  well 
rubbed.  Wlien  taken  out,  the  fluid  should  be  well  pressed 
out  of  the  fleece,  and  the  sheep  kept  from  cold  and  wet 
for  a  few  days. — Clater.  Mr.  Spooxeb  says  2  Its.  of 
arsenic  should  make  48  gallons  of  the  liquid. 

3.  Arsenic  1  ft,  yellow  soap  6  fts.,  pearlash  12  oz.  water 
30  gallons.— Matthews. 

4.  Mercurial.  Corrosive  sublimate  1  oz.,  spirit  of  wine 
2  oz. ;  rub  together  till  dissolved,  then  add  cream  of  tartar 
1  oz.,  bay  salt  4  oz.,  dissolve  the  whole  in  2  quarts  of 
water,  and  apply  it  with  a  sponge  wherever  lice  appear.— 
Clatee. 

5.  Tobacco  4  oz.,  water  1  gallon ;  boil,  and  add  soft 
soap  1  ft,  sulphur  vi^iim  1  ft  ;  when  cold  add  a  pint  of  oil 
of  turpentine. 

6.  Equal  parts  of  decoction  of  tobacco  and  lime  water. 
— Youatt. 

WASH  TO  KILL  MAGGOTS.  Shake  up  in  a  bottle  to- 
gether, 1  quart  of  water,  spirits  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  and 
corrosive  sublimate  10  grains.  Stop  with  a  cork  in  which 
a  quill  is  inserted.     Wlien  the  maggots  are  observed,  a 


142  MEDICINES    FOE    SHEEP    AND    LAMBS 

small  quantity  of  the  mixture  is  to  be  shakeu  on  the  spot 
through  the  quill,  and  the  maggots  will  shortly  creep  out 
and  die. 

SMEARING  MIXTURE. 

1.  One  gallon  of  common  tar,  and  12  lbs.  of  any  sweet 
grease,  melted  together. 

2.  Oil  of  tar  is  used  as  a  preventive  of  the  Jli/ ;  but 
fish  oil  is  equally  serviceable,  according  to  Mr.  Hogg  ;  and 
is  less  injui-ious  to  the  wool.  Oil  of  tar  has  sometimes 
destroyed  sheep. 

FLY  POWDER  FOR  SHEEP. 

1.  White  lead  2  fts.,  red  lead  i  ft,  sulphur  IJ  ft,  oil  of 
wormwood,  animal  oil  (empyreumatic),  or  creasote  i  oz. ; 
mix. 

2.  "Wliite  lead  2  fts.,  red  lead  1  ft ;  mix,  and  apply  by 
sprinkling  from  a  dredger,  following  a  stick  drawn 
through  the  wool. — Clater. 

3.  Powdered  colocynth  3  di-s.,  black  brimstone  1  ft, 
tincture  of  assafoetida  ^  oz. ;  mix. 

4.  White  lead  4  parts,  arsenic  1  part,  sulphur  6,  ver- 
millioii  2. — Spooxee. 

POWDER  FOR  THE  EYES.  Equal  parts  of  sal  ammo- 
niac, white  sugar,  and  oxide  of  zinc,  triturated  together. 
It  may  be  mixed  either  with  rose  water  or  honey. — 
Spoonee. 

ASTRINGENT    PO"V\T)ER    FOR     THE    FEET,    in    the 

epidemic  afPecting  them.  The  same  as  for  cattle.  See 
above,  page  135. 

OINTMENT  FOR  THE  SCAB  OR  SHAB. 

1.  Quicksilver  1  ft,  Venice  turpentine  i  lb ;  rub  them 
together  until  the  globules  are  no  longer  visible ;  then 
add  4  pint  of  oil  of  turpentine,  and  4  K)s.  of  lard.  The 
mode  of  applying  this  ointment  is  as  follows  : — Begin  at 
the  head  of  the  sheep,  and  proceeding  from  between  the 
ears  along  the  back  to  the  end  of  the  tail,  divide  the  wool 
in  a  furrow  till  the  skin  can  be  touched;  and  let  a  finger 
slightly  dij^ped  in  the  ointment  be  drawn  along  the  bottonj 


EXTEKKAL   APPLICATIOIVS   EOR    SHEEP        143 

of  the  furrow.  From  this  furro^\-  similar  ones  must  be 
dra^^^^  along  the  shoulders  and  thighs  to  the  legs,  as  far 
as  the  wool  extends.  And  if  much  infected,  2  or  more 
should  also  be  drawn  along  each  side,  parallel  with  that 
on  the  back ;  and  one  down  each  side  before  the  hind  and 
fore  legs.  It  kills  the  sheep-fag,  and  probably  the  tick 
and  other  vermin.  It  should  not  be  used  in  very  cold  or 
wet  weather. — Sir  Joseph  Banks. 

2.  Tar  oils.     Tobacco  juice.    Stavesacre. — Finlay  Dun. 

3.  Sti'ong  mercurial  ointment  1  part,  lard  5  parts ;  mix. 
— YOUATT. 

4.  Quicksilver  1  lb,  Venice  tm'pentine  i  It,  spirit  of 
turpentine  2  oz.,  lard  4^  fts. ;  to  be  made  and  used  as  No.  1. 
In  summer  1  lb  of  resin  may  be  substituted  for  a  like 
quantity  of  lard. — Clateh. 

5.  Strong  mercurial  ointment  1  lb.,  lard  4  lbs.,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine 8  oz.,  sulphur  12  oz. — White. 

6.  Mild.  Flowers  of  suli^hur  1  lb,  Venice  turpentine 
4  oz.,  rancid  lard  2  lbs.,  strong  mercurial  ointment  4  oz. ; 
mix  well. — Clater. 

7.  Lard  or  other  fat,  with  an  equal  quantity  of  oil  of 
turjjentiue. — DAUBENToy. 

8.  Without  llerct'.ri/.  Lard  1  lb,  oil  of  turpentine 
4  oz.,  flowers  of  sulphur  6  oz. — White. 

9.  Strong  mercurial  ointment  1  lb,  lard  4  lbs.,  Venice 
turjientine  8  oz.,  oil  of  turpentine  2  oz.  If  mixed  by 
heat,  care  must  be  taken  to  use  no  more  heat  than  is 
necessary,  and  to  add  the  oil  of  turpentine  when  the 
other  ingredients  begin  to  cool,  and  to  stir  till  cold. — 

M'EWEN. 

10.  Corrosive  sublimate  2  oz.,  white  hellebore  3  oz.,  fish 
oil  6  quarts,  resin  i  lb,  tallow  i  lb.  The  sublimate  and 
then  the  hellebore  to  be  rubbed  with  a  portion  of  the  oil 
till  perfectly  smooth,  and  then  mixed  with  the  other  ingre- 
dients melted  together. — Stetexsox. 

11.  The  following  once  had  considerable  local  celebrity, 
but  it  obviously  requires  to  be  used  with  caution.  Dissolve 
2i  oz.  of  corrosive  sublimate  in  the  same  quantity  of 
nmriatic  acid,  and  be;it  up  the  solution  with  6  liis.  of  strong 
mercurial  ointment ;  put  it  in  a  large  pan,  and  pour  on  it 
19i  lbs.  of  lard,  and  Ik  lbs.  of  common  turpentine,  melted 


144  MEDICINES    FOE    SHEEP   A1S"D    LAMBS 

together  and  still  hot,  and  stir  the  whole  continiially  until 
it  becomes  solid. 

OINTMENT  FOR  DEEP  WOUNDS  OR  ULCERS  FROM 
FLIES.  The  Fly  Powder,  No.  2,  mixed  with  tar.— 
Clatee. 

OINTMENT  FOR  SORE  HEADS.     Black  pitch  2  fts,  tar 

1  ib,  flowers  of  sulphur  1  ft  ;  melt  together,  taking  care 
that  it  does  not  boil.  To  be  spread  tliickly  on  leather 
while  warm,  and  fitted  to  the  head. 

CAUSTIC  ASTRINGENTS  FOR  FOOT-ROT. 

1.  Blue  vitriol  1  oz.,  white  vitriol  1  oz.,  burnt  alum 

2  oz.,  bole  i  oz.,  honey  to  form  a  stiff  paste. — M'Ewen. 

2.  Sulphate  of  copper  2  oz.,  water  12  oz.,  dilute  sul- 
phuric acid  2  drs. — White. 

3.  Butter  of  antimony,  alone,  or  mixed  with  tincture  of 
myrrh. 

4.  Verdigris,  bole,  and  sugar  of  lead,  in  equal  parts, 
rubbed  together  into  a  fine  powder.  Sprinkle  on  the  sore, 
cover  ^\'ith  tow,  and  bind  do«ai  with  tape  for  24  hoi;rs, 
using  afterwards  No.  2,  or  No.  3. — Clatee. 

5.  Strong.  Verdigris  1  oz.,  nitrous  acid  2  oz.,  water 
4  oz. — White. 

6.  Strongest.  Red  precipitate  1  oz.,  nitrous  acid  2  oz. ; 
dissolve,  and  add  water  2  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  1  oz. — 
White. 

7.  Aloes  16  oz.,  weak  spirit  32  oz.,  sulphuric  acid  17  oz. ; 
mix. — DrviLLE. 

8.  Dissolve  sulphate  of  copper  2h  oz.  in  1^  pint  of 
water,  and  add  a  solution  of  3^  drs.  of  sulphate  of  iron 
previously  calcined.  Diffuse  f  oz.  of  slaked  lime  in  water, 
and  add  to  the  mixed  solutions ;  then  add  7  oz.  common  salt, 
1  oz.  wood  vinegar,  and  water  to  make  up  a  quart.  [Nearly 
the  composition  of  a  celebrated  French  nostrum.] 

9.  LELOrp's  Terebintliinated  Oxymel  of  Copper.  Honey 
14  oz.,  pyroligneous  acid  7  oz.,  powdered  verdigris  5  oz. ; 
boil  it  in  a  large  copper  pan  until  it  assumes  a  reddish 
purple  colour ;  then  add,  (keeping  the  mixture  on  a  slow 
fire,}  14  oz.  Venice  turpentine ;  stir  with  a  wooden  spatula 


EXTERNAL   APPLICATIONS    FOE    SHEEP        14-5 

for  J  of  an  hour,  and  pour  it  into  jars.  To  he  applied 
twice,  at  12  hours'  interval,  by  means  of  a  small  piece  of 
wood,  after  cleaning  the  part  with  an  iron  blade. 

10.  White  vinegar  78  parts,  powdered  sulphate  of  copper 
10  parts ;  dissolve,  and  add  12  parts  of  sulphuric  acid. 
Apply  it  with  a  feather.     (A  French  remedy.) 

11.  Detersive  Ointment.  Burnt  alum  4  parts,  verdigris 
1  part,  camphor  1  part,  green  ointment  of  elder  or  poplar 
16  parts.— Lebas. 

12.  Honey  4  oz.,  bmuit  alum  2  oz.,  Armenian  bole  ^  lb  ; 
mis  with  as  much  train  oil  as  will  convert  these  ingre- 
dients into  a  salve.  The  honey  must  first  be  completely 
dissolved  in  the  oil  made  hot,  then  the  bole  stirred  in,  and 
lastly  the  alum. 

13.  Carbolic  acid  1  fl.  dr.,  water  6  to  12  oz. 
Blacklock  condemns   all   caustic    applications,   using 

only  mild  poultices  and  emollient  ointments. 


10 


MEDICINES  EOR  SWINE. 

ALTERATIVE  MEDICINES,  given  in  mange  and  other 
skin  diseases,  and  in  obstinate  eostiveness. 

1.  Sulphur  i  oz.,  ^thiops  mineral  3  grs.,  nitre  i  dr., 
cream  of  tartar  ^  dr. ;  daily,  in  thick  gruel  or  wash. — 
CliATEH. 

2.  Black  antimony  i  oz.,  sulphur  2  oz.,  nitre  i  oz.; 
mix;  for  8  doses. 

FEVER  MEDICINE.  Digitalis  3  grs.,  antimonlal  powder 
6  grs.,  nitre  i  dr. ;  after  bleeding,  in  a  little  warm  swill, 
milk,  or  wash,  morning,  noon,  and  night. — Clatee. 

PURGING  MEDICINES. 

1.  Epsom  salts  1,  2,  or  3  oz.,  in  broth  or  swill. 

2.  Sulphur  2  drs.,  daily ;  full  dose  i  oz.,  with  milk  or 
other  food.  This  may  be  repeated  for  2  or  3  days,  in  sur- 
feit from  overfeeding. 

3.  Jalap  1  dr. ;  if  insufficient,  add  10  or  12  grs.  of  scam- 
mony,  or  10  grs.  of  calomel. — White. 

4.  Jalap  i  dr.,  sulphur  2  drs.,  antimony  i  dr. 

5.  Jalap  i  dr.,  Epsom  salts  1  ounce. 

6.  Castor  oil  1  oz.  to  2  oz.,  with  gruel. 

7.  Castor  oil  1  oz.,  gi-uel  q.  s.,  Epsom  salts  2  oz.,  salt 
i  oz. ;  mix. 

8.  Calomel  5  grs.  This  must  not  be  repeated  more 
than  twice. 

CARMINATIVE  DRENCH,  for  flatulent  distension,  from 
sour  whey,  &c.  After  using  the  probang,  or  where  it 
cannot  be  had,  give — 

1.  White's  solution  of  potash  (see  p.  128)  2  oz.,  ano- 
dyne carminative  tincture  1  tablespoonful,  water  8  oz. 

2.  A  tablespoonful  of  common  salt  in  warm  water,  a 
teaspoouf  ul  of  mustard  or  powdered  ginger,  and  a  glass  of 
gin. 


MEDICINES   rOR   SWINE  147 

THRIVING  POWDER,  to  promote  fattciiin-,'.  Powdered 
fenugreek,  alone,  or  mixed  with  a  fourth  of  liquorice 
powder;  an  ounce  daily  with  the  food.  Cleanliness  greatly 
conduces  to  the  same  end. 

REMEDIES  FOR  MEASLES.  After  bleeding  by  tail 
ear,  palate,  or  vein  inside  the  forearm,  an  inch  above  the 
knee,  give  one  of  the  purging  drinks,  and  turn  the 
animal  into  the  open  air. 

REMEDIES  FOR  THE  DISTEMPER,  affecting  the  Mouth 
and  Feet.  The  same  drink,  and  astringent  powder  as  fox' 
Sheep. 

DRENCH  FOR  INFLAjVIMATION  OF  THE  BRAIN. 
Castor  oil  2  oz.,  with  gruel ;  afterwards  2  grs.  white  helle- 
bore powder  twice  or  thrice  a  day. — CuPlss. 

HEALING  OINTMENT  FOR  SORE  EARS. 

1.  Lard  1  lb,  resin  4  lbs. ;  melt  together,  and  stir  in  -J-  ft 
lapis  talaminaris. — Clatee. 

2.  Zinc  ointment  1  oz.,  yellow  basilicon  3  oz. 

3.  Tar  ointment  mixed  with  a  little  soap. 

MANGE  OINTMENT. 

Sulphur  4  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  1  oz.,  old  lard  8  oz., 
mercurial  oiirtment  1  oz ;  the  animal  to  be  previously 
scrubbed  all  over  with  a  good  soap  lather.  [The  above 
alterative  powders  should  be  given  at  the  same  time.] 

OINTMENT  FOR  SORE  TEATS.      Soft  soap  4  oz.,  cam- 
phor  (powdered   with   spirit)    i  oz.,  mercurial  ointment 
oz.     It  must  be  carefully  washed  off. 


2 


Medicines  fou  dogs. 

N.B. — The  doses  required,  vary  considerably,  according  to 
the  strength  and  size  of  the  dog,  which  should  always  be 
duly  considered. 

PHYSIC  BALLS  AND  OTHER  PURGATIVE  MEDI- 
CINES. 

1.  Barbadoes  aloes  8  oz.,  antlmonial  powder  1  oz., 
ginger  1  oz.,  palm  oil  5  oz.  j  beat  together  into  a  mass. 
Dose  from  i  dr.  to  2  drs.,  every  4  or  6  hours,  till  the  bowels 
are  relieved. — Youatt. 

2.  The  same,  with  the  addition  of  1  oz.  of  calomel. 
From  45  grains  to  2  drs.  for  a  dose. — Clatee. 

3.  Aloes  i  dr.  to  2  drs.  made  into  a  ball  with  syi'up  of 
ginger. 

4.  Aloes  i  dr.  to  1^  drs.,  calomel  2  to  5  grs.,  syrup  to 
form  a^ball :  in  inflammation  of  the  bowels,  and  in  worms, 
— Blaine. 

5.  Cape  aloes  ^  dr.  to  1  dr.,  calomel  2  to  3  grs.,  oil  of 
caraway  6  drops,  syrup  to  form  a  ball. — M'Ewen. 

6.  Calomel  12  grs.,  aloes  3  drs.,  opium  1  gr.,  syrup  q.  s. 
to  form  a  mass,  for  4,  6,  or  8  balls  j  one  every  4  or  5  hours 
till  the  bowels  are  relieved. — Blaine. 

7.  Croton  oil  1  drop,  Castile  soap  20  grs.,  conserve  to 
form  a  ball. 

8.  Castor  oil  3  parts,  syrup  of  buckthorn  2  parts,  syrup 
of  jDOppies  1  part ;  dose  from  1  to  2  tablespoonf uls. — Mr. 
Yotjatt's  purge.  [Mr.  Clark  says  syrup  of  buckthorn 
for  dogs,  should  be  made  with  treacle,  and  the  spices 
omitted.] 

9.  Epsom  salts,  from  1  to  4  drs.,  wTapped  in  tissue  paper, 
dividing  the  doses  into  convenient-sized  packets. 

10.  In  costiveness  loith  injlammation  :  J  oz.  to  2  oz. 
castor  oil. — Mr.  Spoonek. 

11.  Jalap,  powdered,  30  grs.,  calomel  8  grs.  j  make  into 


MEDICINES   FOE   DOGS  149 

a  i)ill  with   gmn  water,  and   administer   every  morning. 
In  distemper. 

ALTERATIVE  BALLS  AND  POWDEES. 

1.  Sulphur  2^  lbs.,  nitre  ^  lb,  iEthiops  mineral,  4oz.,  lin- 
seed meal  |  lb,  palm  oil  1  ft,  or  as  much  as  may  be  required ; 
beat  together,  and  keep  in  a  jar  for  use  :  dose,  from  2 
scruples  to  1|  or  2  drs.— Clateb. 

2.  Ethiops  mineral  20  to  40  grs.,  cream  of  tartar  20  to 
40  grs.,  nitre  5  to  10  grs. :  night  and  morning,  made  into  a 
ball  with  butter. — Spoonee. 

3.  Tonic  Alterative.  Mercurial  pill  1  dr.,  aloes  2  drs., 
myrrh,  benzoin,  balsam  of  Peru,  of  each  1^  dr. ;  to  be 
divided  into  10,  15,  or  20  pills  :  one  every  evening,  for  the 
yellows,  after  aloes  and  calomel. — Blaine. 

4.  Alterative  Poivder.  vEthiops  mineral  2  to  5  grs., 
cream  of  tartar  4  to  10  grs.,  tartarized  iron  1  to  3  grs., 
once  a  day. — Cxatee. 

5.  To  give  a  fine  skin.  Give  a  tablespoonful  of  tar, 
made  up  with  oatmeal. — Mayee. 

ASTRINGENT  BALLS,  &c. 

1.  Catechu  1^  dr.,  sulphate  of  quinine  20  grs.,  opium 

5  grs.,  ginger  1  dr.,  conserve  of  roses  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass, 
to  be  divided  into  8,  6,  or  4  balls. — Blaine. 

2.  Prepared  chalk  2  oz.,  powdered  gum  arable  ^  oz., 
powdered  catechu  i  oz.,  powdered  oak  bark  i  oz.,  pow- 
dered ginger  i  oz.,  opium  15  grs.,  palm  oil  1  oz. ;  beat 
well  together :  dose,  i  dr.  to  2  drs.,  morning,  noon,  and 
night,  in  the  advanced  stage  of  distemper. — Clatee. 

3.  Opium  5  grs.,  catechu  2  drs.,  gum  arable  2  drs.,  ginger 
"2-  dr.,  syrup  of  poppies  q.  s. ;  divide  into  12,  9,  or  6  balls  : 
In  diarrhoea. — 13laine. 

4.  Myrrh  1  dr.,  ipecacuanha  1  scruple,  opium  3  grs., 
chalk  2  drs.,  carbonate  of  iron  1  dr. :  as  No.  3. — Blaine. 

5.  In  obstinate  cases :  Alum  1  dr.,  chalk  2  drs.,  opium 

6  grs.,  resin  3  drs. :  into  4,  6  or  8  balls. 

6.  In  diarrhoea,  after  1  to  4  drs.  of  Epsom  salts :  Pre- 
pared chalk  1  to  3  scruples,  catechu  5  to  10  grs.,  opium  4 
to  2  grs. ;  twice  a  day. — Spoonee. 

7.  Astringent  Drink.     Boil  1  oz.  of  logwood  in  a  quart 


150  MEDICINES    FOR   DOGS 

of   milk   to  i  a  pint.     A  teaspoonful  every  morning,  in 
prolapsus. 

COUGH  BALLS  IN  ASTHMA,  &c. 

1.  After  a  few  emetics.  Calomel  3  grs.,  foxglove  3  grs., 
cream  of  tartar  1  dr.,  antimonial  powder  12  grs.,  honey  to 
form  6  boluses.     One  twice  a  day. — Blaine. 

2.  Digitalis  20  grs.,  antimonial  powder  40  grs.,  nitre  2 
drs.,  sulphur  3  drs.,  palm  oil  3  drs.,  or  q.  s.  Divide  into 
10, 15,  or  20  halls,  according  to  the  size  of  the  dog ;  give  one 
morning  and  night,  interposing  an  emetic  every  third  or 
fourth  day.  — ClATEE. 

3.  In  old  cases.  P.  squill  ^  gr.  to  1  gr.,  gum  ammoniac 
5  grs.,  balsam  of  Peru  8  grs.,  benzoic  acid  1  gr.,  balsam  of 
sulphur  to  form  a  ball. 

4.  Extract  of  hemlock  \  dr.,  extract  of  henbane  10  grs., 
p.  digitalis  20  grs.,  conserve  of  roses  to  form  a  mass.  Di- 
vide into  6,  8,  or  10  balls.  One  night  and  morning. — 
Blaine. 

DISTEMPER   MEDICINES. 

1.  Turpeth's  mineral  1  to  3  grs.,  assafoetida  J  dr.,  aloes 
20  grs.,  soap  10  grs.,  syrup  of  poppies  to  form  a  ball.  To 
be  preceded  by  an  emetic,  and  given  every  third  day. 

2.  After  bleeding  (if  required)  and  an  emetic,  give  a 
physic  ball;  and  afterwards  the  following:— 2  or  3  times  a 
day :  Antimonial  powder  2,  3,  or  4  grs. ;  nitre  5,  10,  or 
15  grs. ;  ipecacuanha  2,  3,  or  4  grs. ;  form  a  ball.  If  the 
disease  proceed  to  the  debilitating  stage,  give  the  Tonic 
Ball  No.  2;  in  the  putrid  or  malignant  stage  give  the 
Astringent  Ball  No.  1. — Blaine. 

3.  After  the  Emetic  Powder  No.  1  (which  should  be  re- 
peated every  3rd  or  4th  day)  give  the  Cough  Ball  No.  2, 
from  J  dr.  to  2  drs.  in  weight.     And  if  the  dog  lose  flesh, 

.  give  equal  parts  of  the  cough  ball  and  the  Tonic  Ball 
(No.  1).  In  the  more  advanced  stages  give  the  tonic  alone ; 
or  the  astringent  hall  if  diarrhcea  comes  on. — Clatee. 

4.  Give  a  third  of  a  paper  of  James's  powder,  mixed 
with  butter,  and  afterwards  warm  broth  or  milk.  In  2 
hours,  another  third ;  and  if  this  neither  vomit  nor  purge, 
give  the  other  third  at  the  end  of  4  hoxirs.— Daniel. 


MEDICINES   FOR  DOGS  151 

5.  Blaine's  Distemper  Powders,  which  are  sold  in 
packets,  with  directions  for  use. 

6.  Camphor  3  to  5  grs.,  charcoal  10  grs.,  opium  1  gr., 
aromatic  confection  q.  s.  to  form  a  ball. — In  the  malignant 
stage,  with  diarrhoea. 

7.  Antimonial  powder  2  to  4  grs.,  nitre  5  to  10  grs., 
digitalis  ^  to  2  grs.  Afterwards  the  Tonic  Pills  No.  4. — 
Spoonee. 

Poudre  Kusique :  a  French  nostrum.  Mix  45  grs.  of 
nitre,  45  of  sulphur,  and  1  charcoal.  Diidde  into  3 
doses.  Give  1  for  2  successive  mornings,  and  the  third 
on  the  4th  mornmg,  mixed  with  lard  or  butter,  or  in 
milk.  For  a  large  dog  a  second  packet  (of  3  powders) 
may  be  required. — Habeet. 

Another  French  nostrum,  Hemel's  Powder,  is  of  a 
similar  kind. 

8.  A  strong  solution  of  salt,  to  the  amount  of  i  pint 
daily. 

9.  Powdered  tin,  sulphur,  gunpowder,  of  each  1  oz. ; 
lard  sufficient  to  form  a  mass.  The  size  of  a  nutineg  to 
be  given  twice  or  thrice  a  week. 

10.  Physic  Ball  No.  11. 

11.  i  oz.  to  1  fl.  oz.  of  cod-liver  oil,  twice  a  day, 
according  to  size. 

12.  Emetics,  gentle  laxatives,  milk  diet,  and  from  5  to 
15  grs.  of  chlorate  of  potash,  twice  a  day. — Finlay  Dun. 

REMEDIES  FOR  SPASMODIC  COLIC. 

1.  Castor  oil  i  oz.,  oil  of  peppermint  1  drop,  laudanum 
20  drops.  If  it  does  not  open  the  bowels,  give  i  dr.  to 
li  dr.  of  aloes. — Blaine. 

2.  Castor  oil  3  oz.,  syrup  of  buckthorn  2  oz.,  syrup  of 
poppies  1  oz.  Give  from  a  teaspoonful  to  a  tablespoonful. 
— Youatt. 

8.  Ether  i-  dr.,  laudanum  ^  dr.,  camphor  3  to  6  grs. 
castor  oil  (unless  purged)  3  to  5  drs. — Blaine. 

CONATJLSIONS. 

Give  Colic  Mixture  No.  3,  and  apply  warm  bath  and 
flannel, 


152  MEDICINES   FOE   DOGS 

FOR  FITS  OR  EPILEPSY. 

1.  Calomel  8  grs.,  carbonate  of  iron  i  dr.,  extract  of 
hemlock  20  grs.,  conserve  of  roses,  or  palm  oil,  to  form  a 
mass  for  12,  9,  or  6  balls. — Blaine. 

2.  Give  the  Alterative  Balls  No.  1,  or  the  pills  of  nitrate 
of  silver,  as  for  St.  Vitns's  dance. — Clater. 

3.  For  epilepsy  of  suckling  hitches.  Ether  1  dr.,  lauda- 
num \  dr.,  strong  ale  2  oz. ;  give  from  a  dessert-spoonful 
to  1  or  2  tablespoonfuls  every  2  or  3  hours. — Blaine. 

4.  For  epilepsy  attending  distemper.  The  Tonic  Balls, 
or  the  pills  for  chorea. — Clatee. 

5.  After  an  emetic.  Gentian  10  to  20  grs.,  ginger  3  to 
6  grs.,  carbonate  of  iron  2  to  4  grs.,  or  fi'om  an  eighth  to 
a  fourth  of  a  gr.  of  nitrate  of  silver,  and  ^  gr.  of  spiders' 
web  once  a  day. — Spoonee. 

6.  Ether  1  dr.,  laudanum  i  dr.,  camphor  6  grs.,  spirit  of 
hartshorn  1  dr. ;  iji  a  spoonful  of  ale  :  for  small  dogs  give 
half  the  quantity. — Blaine. 

EMETIC  POWDERS. 

1.  Calomel,  emetic  tartar,  of  each  1  oz. ;  vermilion  10 
grs. ;  rub  together :  dose,  from  1  to  3  gi-s.,  dropped  on  the 
tongue,  or  mixed  with  a  teaspoonful  of  milk. — Clatee. 

2.  Emetic  tartar,  from  1  to  3  grs. 

3.  Turpeth's  mineral,  from  1  to  3  grs. 

4.  A  teaspoonful  of  common  salt. 

MEDICINES  FOR  INFLAMMATORY  DISORDERS. 

1.  In  inflammation  of  the  lungs.  After  bleeding  and 
purging,  digitalis  12  grs.,  emetic  tartar  3  grs.,  nitre  1  dr.; 
mix,  and  divide  into  6,  9,  or  12  powders. — Blaine. 

2.  Ditto,  icith  much  cough.  Tincture  of  digitalis  1  dr., 
emetic  tartiir  3  grs.,  nitre  1  dr.,  simple  oxymel  2  oz. ;  dose, 
1  or  2  drs.  every  3  hours. — Blaine. 

3.  In  pleurisy,  with  incipient  water  in  the  chest.  Digi- 
talis 6  grs.,  calomel  6  grs.,  tartarized  iron  18  grs. ;  into  6, 
9,  or  12  doses. — Youatt. 

4.  In  inflammation  of  the  liver.  Digitalis  8  grs.,  anti- 
monial  powder  16  grs.,  nitre  1  dr.  :  divide  into  7,  9,  or  12 
powders,  or  boluses. — Blaine. 

5;  In  chronic  inflammation  of  the  liver.     Calomel  20 


MEDICINES   FOB   DOGS  153 

grs.,  antimonial  powder  ^  dr.,  myrrh,  gentian,  aloes,  of  each 
2  drs. ;  mix,  and  divide  into  15,  20,  or  25  balls. 

6.  In  inflaynmation  of  the  bowels.  After  bleeding  and 
a  warm  bath,  give  the  castor  oil  mixture  (see  Pm-gatives, 
No.  8). — Clater. 

7.  Bilious  inflammation  (with  offensive,  often  black 
vomiting  and  purging)  :  Calomel  10  grs.,  opium  4  grs. :  in 
4  or  8  pills — one  3  times  a  day  ;  afterwards  the  astringent 
remedies  for  dian-hcea. — Spoonee. 

MEDICINES  FOR  RHEUMATISM. 

1.  After  warm  bath,  and  friction,  give  tincture  of 
opium  20  drops,  ether  20  drops,  castor  oil  5  oz.  to  1  oz. — 
Blaine. 

2.  Calomel  2  to  4  grs.,  opium  i  gr.,  oil  of  peppermint  1 
drop,  aloes  1  dr. ;  form  a  ball  with  butter  or  lard :  repeat 
it  every  4  hours  till  the  bowels  are  well  opened ;  and  use 
the  Embrocation  No.  3. — Clater. 

3.  After  warm  bath,  &c.,  give  40  drops  of  laudanum, 
and  a  teaspoonf ul  of  hartshorn,  in  warm  beer ;  and  rub 
with  the  Embrocation  No.  1. — Mater. 

TONIC  MEDICINES. 

1.  Gentian  1  oz.,  chamomile  ^  oz.,  oak-bark  ^  oz., 
ginger  5  oz.,  carbonate  of  iron  ^  oz.,  palm  oil  1  oz. ;  beat 
them  together  to  form  a  mass ;  dose,  2  to  6  scruples. — 
Clateb. 

2.  Sulphate  of  quinine  J  dr.,  powdered  chamomile  3  drs., 
balsam  of  Peru  1^  dr.,  camphor  1  scruple ;  form  a  mass 
with  conserve  of  roses,  and  divide  in  12,  9,  or  6  balls ;  one 
every  6  hours,  in  the  debilitating  stage  of  distemper. — 
Blaine. 

3.  Chamomile  1  oz.,  rue  j  oz.,  ginger  5  oz.  (all  in 
powder)  ;  beat  them  into  a  mass  with  7  drs.  of  palm  oil, 
and  divide  into  12,  16,  or  20  balls ;  one  night  and  morning 
in  ffutta  Serena. — Clater. 

4.  Gentian  powder  10  to  20  grs.,  ginger  5  grs.,  cascarilla 
10  to  20  grs. ;  conserve  of  roses,  or  syrup,  to  form  a  ball. 
One  twice  a  day. 

WORM  MEDICINES. 

1.  Carbonate   of    iron    ^    oz.,   .^thiops  mineral  1  dr.. 


154  MEDICINES   FOR  DOGS 

gentian  1  oz.,  ginger  ^  oz,  levigated  glass  1  oz.,  palm  oil 
9  drs. ;  beat  well  together ;  dose,  from  f  to  2  drs. — Clatee. 

2.  As  much  very  finely-powdered  glass  as  will  lie  on  a 
sixpence,  mixed  with  butter. — Blaine.  Mr.  Yotjatt  says 
from  5  dr.  to  1  dr.,  powdered  glass,  with  a  little  ginger, 
made  into  a  ball  with  lard. 

3.  Aloes,  sulphur,  prepared  hartshorn,  and  juice  of 
wormwood,  made  into  a  mass;  the  size  of  a  hazel  nut  to 
be  given  three  times  a  M'eek,  fasting,  wTapped  in  butter. 
— Daniel. 

4.  Tin  filings,  or  pevi'ter  filings,  |  dr.  to  1  dr.,  with 
butter  or  lard. 

5.  Jalap  10  to  15  grs.,  calomel  2  to  3  grs.  mixed  with 
butter ;  no  cold  liquid  should  be  allowed. — White. 

6.  Cowage  i  dr.,  iron  filings  4  drs.,  conserve  of  roses  q.  s. 
to  form  a  mass,  to  be  divided  into  4,  6,  or  8  balls ;  one 
every  night  and  morning ;  and  afterwards  the  purgative 
No.  4. — Blaine. 

7.  Epsom  salts  1  oz.,  common  salt  1  drachm ;  give  a 
smaU  or  large  teaspoonful  daily. 

8.  Give  green  wahiut  leaves  boiled  in  milk. — Mater. 

9.  From  ^  dr.  to  2  drs.,  according  to  size,  of  betel  nut,  in 
coarse  powder,  made  into  a  ball. 

10.  For  Tape  Worm.  Oil  of  turpentine  \  dr.,  mixed 
with  yolk  of  egg ;  for  very  large  dogs  2  scruples.  Some 
writers  prescribe  larger  doses  (1  or  2  drs.),  but  these  some- 
times prove  fatal. — Blaine. 

11.  For  2  to  6  drs.  of  cusso  according  to  size. 

12.  For  Tape  Worm.  Oil  of  turpenthie  and  olive  oil, 
of  each  a  oz. ;  mix,  and  give  carefully ;  3  or  4  hours  after, 
1  oz.  castor  oil.     See  No.  9. — White. 

13.  For  Stomach  Worms.  Give  the  emetic  powder 
(see  further  back)  and  afterwards  a  physic  ball. 

14.  Thread  Worms.  These  are  destroyed  by  an  aloetic 
clyster. 

MEDICINES  FOR  THE  YELLOWS. 

1.  After  bleeding — Calomel  2  to  3  grs.,  jalap  10  grs., 
scammony  4  grs. — White. 

2.  Aloes  20  to  40  grs.,  calomel  2  to  4  grs. ;  afterwards 
the  tonic  alterative  balls.    See  Alteeatives, 


MEDICINES    FOR   DOGS  155 

MEDICINES  FOR  ST.  VITUS'S  DANCE,  oe  CHOREA. 

1.  Nitrate  of  silver  8  grs.,  ginger  10  grs.,  sjrup  to  form 
a  mass ;  divide  into  64  pills,  and  give  one  or  two,  morning 
and  night. — Clater. 

2.  Strychnia  1  gr.,  oxide  of  zinc  24  grs.,  assafoetida  24 
grs.,  conserve  of  roses,  q.  s.  j  mix  very  accurately,  and 
divide  into  12,  9,  or  6  balls. 

3.  Nitrate  of  silver  3  grs.,  carbonate  of  iron  2  drs.,  gen- 
tian 3  drs.,  conserve  of  roses  to  form  a  mass,  for  12,  9,  or  6 
balls. — Blaine. 

MEDICINES  FOR  DROPSICAL  COMPLAINTS. 

1.  Digitalis  9  grs.,  squill  12  grs.,  cream  of  tartar  2  drs., 
mix,  and  divide  into  9,  12,  or  15  powders ;  one  night  and 
morning. 

2.  Foxglove  12  grs.,  antimonial  powder  15  grs.,  nitre 
1  dr. ;  as  the  last. — Blaine. 

3.  Foxglove  1  gr.,  nitre  10  grs.,  ginger  8  grs. ;  night 
and  morning  j  then  iodide  of  potassium  ^  gr.  to  1  gr. — 

•    YOUATT. 

BALLS  FOR  ENLARGED  GLANDS  and  CANCEROUS 
DISEASES. 

1.  Extract  of  hemlock  1  to  3  grs.,  burnt  sponge  10  to 
20  grs. ;  make  a  ball,  to  be  given  once  or  twice  a  day. 

2.  Iodine  12  grs.,  powdered  gum  40  grs.,  syrup  to  form 
a  stiff  mass,  divide  into  48  pills,  and  give  one  or  two,  night 
and  morning. — Clater. 

BALLS  TO  PROMOTE  PARTURITION.  Ergot  of  rye  20 
grs. ;  pulverize,  and  add  ginger  16  grs.,  syrup  q.  s. ;  beat 
into  a  mass,  and  divide  into  5  pills ;  give  one  every  hour, 
or  to  a  small  bitch,  half  of  one. — Clater. 

TO  PREVENT  RABIES,  OR  CANINE  MADNESS. 

1.  Powdered  leaves  of  the  Scutellaria  lateriflora  if)  grs., 
powdered  belladonna  2\  grs.;  to  be  given  night  and 
morning  for   6   weeks,  gradually  increasing   the   dose. — 

YOUATT. 

2.  Infuse  a  teaspoonf ul  and  a  half  of  powdered  Scutella- 
ria '\\\  a  quart  of  hot  water ;  give  half  a  pint  morning  and 


156  MEDICINES    FOR   DOGS 

night,  omitting   the  dose   every  third  day,  when  a  mild 
dose  of  sulphur  must  be  given. — Dr.  Spalding. 

3.  Fresh  leaves  of  the  tree-box  2  oz.,  rue  2  oz.,  sage 
i  oz.,  chop  them  fine,  and  boil  them  in  a  pint  of  w;ater  till 
reduced  to  half  a  pint ;  strain,  and  press  out  the  liquid  ; 
beat  the  herbs,  and  boil  them  in  a  pint  of  new  miJk  to 
half;  strain,  press  the  herbs,  and  mix  the  liquids.  For 
a  man,  give  a  third  of  this  quantity  every  other  morning 
fasting ;  double  the  above  quantity  makes  3  doses  for  a 
horse  or  cow ;  two-thirds  will  suffice  for  a  middle-sized 
dog,  and  a  third  for  smaller  dogs.  It  produces  extreme 
nausea  and  distress,  and  has  occasionally  proved  fatal  to 
dogs.  —Blaine. 


€x\m\iil  gplitations. 


ASTRINGENT  &  DETERGENT  LOTIONS,  for  Wounds, 
&c. 

1.  Bruised  oak-bark  2  oz.,  catechu  1  oz.,  water  3  pints  j 
boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. — Clatee. 

2.  Tincture  of  myrrh  and  aloes  1  oz.,  alum  ^  oz.,  water 
1  pint. 

3.  For  sore  feet.     The  Lotion  (No.  1),  4  oz.,  tincture  of 
aloes  5  oz.,  water  1  pmt. 

4.  Nitrate  of    silver    10  grs.,  water    1    oz. :    to  excite 
sluggish  wounds. 

LOTIONS   FOR    CANCER    IN   THE    EAR.      See    Oint- 
aiENTS  FOE  Cankee  IN  THE  Eae,  further  on. 

1.  Sulphate  of  zinc  20  grs.,  sugar  of  lead  i  dr.,  water 
4  oz. — White. 

2.  Sulphate  of  zinc  20  grs.,  decoction  of  oak -bark  4  oz. 
— Blaine. 

3.  Nitrate  of  silver  1  gr.,  rain-water  2  oz. 

4.  Sugar  of  lead  ^  dr.,  rose-water  4  oz.     A  teaspoonful 
to  he  introduced  blood-warm  into  the  car. 

5.  Mild  Canker  Lotion.     Infusion  of  foxtrlove  leaves 


EXiEEKAL   APPLICATIONS  157 

^  pint,  Goulard's  extract  of  lead  i  oz. ;  mix.     To  be  used 
as  the  last. — Clatee. 

6.  Strong  Canker  Lotion.  Goulaixl's  extract  2  drs. 
white  vitriol  1  dr.,  alum  2  drs.,  water  |  pint. 

7.  Chloride  of  lime  20  to  30  grs.,  water  ^  pint. 

LOTION  TO  ALLAY  ITCHING.     Dilute  hydrocyanic  acid 
1  dr.,  water  a  pint. — Youatt. 

OINTMENTS  FOR  CANKER  OF  THE  EAR. 

1.  Equal  parts  of  zinc  oiutmeut,  and  ointment  of  nitrate 
of  quicksilver. — Blaine. 

2.  Sublimate  3  grs.,  Turner's  Cerate  1  dr.,  sulphur  a 
scruple. 

3.  "\\lute  A-itriol,  alum,  each  in  fine  powder,  a  drachm, 
lard  4  oz.     To  be  rubbed  gently  into  the  crack. — Clateh. 

4.  Stronger.  Nitrate  of  silver  20  grs.,  lard  1  oz.  Rub 
them  well  together. — Clatee. 

5.  Levigated  red  precipitate  i  oz.,  lard  2  oz. — Mayee. 

EYE  WATERS. 

1.  Astringent  Wash  for  Weak  Myes. — Wliite  vitriol 
4  grs.,  spirits  of  wine  j  dr.,  water  4  oz. — Clatee. 

2.  Sugar  of  lead  30  grs.,  rose-water  6  oz. — Blaine. 

3.  Laudanum    ^    c^i'-j  infusion   of    green    tea   4  oz.— 

M'EWEN. 

4.  For  naturally  weak  eyes.  Laudanum  2  drs.,  water 
8  oz.     To  be  iised  every  morning. — Clatee. 

5.  Sugar  of  lead  ^  dr.,  distilled  water  6  oz.,  tiuctm-e  of 
opium  \  dr.  In  inflammation,  after  bleeding,  physic,  and 
warm  fomentations. — Spoonee. 

OINTMENTS  FOR  ULCERATED  EYELIDS. 

1.  Red  precipitate,  levigated,  10  grains,  zinc  ointment 
i  oz. 

2.  Ointment  of  nitrate  of  quicksilver  1  dr.,  sugar  of 
lead  20  grs.,  spermaceti  ointment  3  drs. — Blaine. 

3.  Dissolve  a  di'achm  of  quicksilver  in  a  drachm  and 
half  of  strong  nitric  acid,  and  well  mix  the  waiui  solution 
with  6  oz.  of  melted  lard. — H.  Glayteb. 


158  MEDICINES   FOE  DOGS 

OINTMENTS  AND  LOTIONS  FOR  THE  MANGE. 

N.B. — An  alterative  ball  should  be  given  daily  and  a 
physic  ball  occasionally.  Bleeding  is  sometimes  prescribed. 

1.  For  Scabhy  Mange.  Sulphur  4  oz.,  sal  ammoniac 
\  oz.,  aloes  1  dr.,  Venice  turpentine  \  oz.,  lard  6  oz. :  mix. 
After  four  applications  wash  well  with  soap  and  water. — 
Blaine. 

2.  Horse  turpentine  and  palm  oil,  of  each  \  lb,  train  oil  \ 
pint.  Melt  together,  and  while  cooling,  stir  in  3  fts.  of 
flowers  of  sulphur. — Clatee. 

3.  Aloes  2  drs.,  hellebore  \  oz.,  sulphur  4  oz.,  lard  or 
train  oil,  6  oz. — McEwen. 

4.  Sulphate  of  zinc  1  di'.,  snuff  \  oz.,  white  hellebore 
\  oz.,  sulphur  4  oz.,  aloes  \  oz.,  soft  soap  6  oz.— Blaine.  . 

5.  Charcoal  powder  2  oz.,  STilphur  4  oz.,  salt  of  tartar 
1  dr.,  Venice  tui'pentine  \  oz.,  lard  6  oz. 

6.  For  Red  Mange.  Add  1  oz.  of  strong  mercurial  oint- 
ment to  6  oz.  of  either  of  the  above. 

7.  Charcoal  1  oz.,  chalk  1  oz.,  sugar  of  lead  1  dr.,  white 
precipitate  2  drs.,  sulphur  2  oz.,  lard  5  oz. — Blaine. 

8.  Wash  for  Red  Mange. — Corrosive  sublimate  20  grs., 
spirit  of  wine  2  drs.;  dissolve,  and  add,  milk  of  sulphur  ^  oz., 
lime-water  |  pint.    Apply  by  means  of  a  spgiige. — Clatee. 

9.  For  Ulcerated  Mange.  Ointment  of  nitrated  quick- 
silver 2  drs.,  sugar  of  lead  20  grs.,  flowers  of  sulphur  ^  oz., 
lard  1  oz. ;  mix. — Blaine. 

ARSENIC  OINTMENT.  Yellow  sulphuret  (sidphide)  of 
arsenic  1^  gr.,  cerate,  or  lard  \  oz. :  in  mange  and  other 
shin  diseases. — Delafond. 

SURFEIT  OINTMENT.  After  bleeding  and  purging,  apply 
sugar  of  lead  1  dr.,  spermaceti  ointment  2  oz. 

OINTMENT  AND  POWDERS  FOR  PILES. 

Ointment. — Sugar  of  lead  6  grs.,  tar  ^  dr.,  elder  ointment 

3  drs. — Blaine. 
Powders. — Nitre  -^  dr.,  milk  of  sul]3hur  3  drs.;    mix,  and 

divide  into  9,  12,  or  15  doses. — Blaine. 

HEALING  OINTMENT. 

1.  Palm  oil  3  lis.,  resin  1  11) ;  melt  togethei',  and  when 


EXTERNAL   APPLICATIOiyS  159 

they  begin  to  cool,  add  1   lb  of  powdered   calamine. — 
Clateb. 

2.  Oxide  of  zinc  ^  oz.,  lard  1|  oz.,  balsam  of  Peru 
Idr. 

OINTMENT  FOR  SCIRRHOUS  TUMOURS.  Iodide  of 
potassium  1  dr.,  lard  7  drs. ;  rub  together  till  perfectly 
smooth. 

STIMULATING  MERCURIAL  OINTMENT.  Mercmial 
ointment  1  oz.,  simple  cerate  1  oz.  A  small  quantity  to 
be  rubbed  over  the  region  of  the  liver  once  a  day  till  the 
mouth  is  sore. — Blaine. 

EMBROCATIONS  FOR  PALSY,  RHEUMATISM,  &c. 

1.  Oil  of  turpentme  2  oz.,  spirit  of  hartshorn  2  oz., 
-    tincture  of  opium  ^  oz.,  olive  oil  2  oz. — Blaine. 

2.  Cajeput  oil  1  oz.,  soap  liniment  2  oz. 

3.  Spirit  of  turjjentine,  spirit  of  hartshorn,  camphorated 
spirit,  of  each  1  oz.,  laudanum  ^  oz. — ClateEj, 

LOTIONS  FOR  STRAINS  AND  BRUISES. 

1.  Common  salt  and  cold  \-inegar. 

2.  Sal  ammonial  i  oz.,  vinegar  a  pint. 

3.  Oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  old  beer  i  puit,  brine  i  pint. 
For  strains. — Mayee. 

4.  Spirit  of  Mindererus  4  oz.,  Goulard  water  8  oz. 

ASTRINGENT  LOTION  FOR  WOUNDS,  SORE  FEET, 
&c. — Bruised  oak-bark  2  oz.,  catechu  1  oz.,  water  3  pints, 
boil  to  1  pint,  and  strain. — Clatek. 

POWDERED  AND  LIQUID  CAUSTIC  FOR  WARTS. 

1.  Equal  parts  of  sal  ammoniac  and  savine,  powdered 
together. 

2.  Sublimate  1  dr.,  hydrochloric  acid  1  dr.,  spirit  of 
wine  3  drs.,  water  2  drs.  The  warts  to  be  touched  with  the 
liquid  twice  a  day. — YorATT. 

FLEAS. 

1.  Rub  the  skiu  with  the  powdered  resiii  and  bran. 


160  MEDICINES   FOE  DOGS 

2.  Let  the  dog  sleep  on  deal  shavings. 

3.  Scotch  snuff  steeped  m  gin. — Metek.  (This  requli-es 
caution.) 

4.  Oil  of  aniseed. — Finlay  Dun. 

5.  Persian  insect  powder. 

CLYSTERS. 

Astringent.     Alum  whey. 

Purgative.     The  purgative  medicine  No.  8 ;  with  gruel. 

For  Worms.  Solution  of  aloes  2  oz.,  linseed  oil  1  oz. 
Mix. 

Anodyne.  Boiled  starch  i  pint,  laudanum  5  to  10  drops. 
— Clatee. 


MEDICINES 

FOE   • 

POULTRY,   RABBITS,   &c. 

FOR  ROUP,  POULTRY  GLANDERS,  AND  GARGLE 
IN  GEESE. 

1.  A  saturated  solution  of  common  salt.  Medium  dose, 
half  a  teaspoonful. 

2.  Antimonial  powder  1  gr.,  with  sopped  bread,  twice  a 
day. — Clatee. 

3.  GarHc,  rue,  hrickdust,  and  butter,  beaten  together, 
and  a  little  crammed  down    thethroat. 

4.  For  wet  roup  in  pigeons.  Give  3  or  4  pepper-corns 
in  3  or  4  days. — Mooee. 

5.  For  dry  roup.  Give  2  or  3  pills  of  garlic  every  day. 
[Some  recommend  assafoetida  to  be  mixed  with  the  food  of 
Poultry,  whenever  they  manifest  disease  by  drooping  their 
wings.] 

FOR  RUMP  ROUP,  OR  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE 
OIL-VESSEL.  Open  the  tumour,  and  squeeze  out  the 
collected  oil. 

GAPES  (OR  PIP),  FROM  WORMS  IN  THE  AIR. 
PASSAGES. 

1.  Pills  of  sulphur,  turpentine,  and  wheat  flour. — 
('  Veterinarian,'  Oct.  1840.) 

2.  Oil  of  turpentine  2  drs.,  Imseed  oil  1  oz. ;  or  oil  of 
turpentine  2  drs.,  flour  enough  to  make  it  into  20  pills. 
For  20  doses,  one  every  other  day  for  3  or  4  times. 

3.  Tobacco  smoke. 

INFLAjMMATION  of  THE  LUNGS  AND  ASTHMA. 
Give  a  grain  each  of  calomel  and  antimonial  powder, 
daily. 

PURGING  FLUX,  OR  DIARRH(EA. 

1.  Change  the  diet  and  give  whole  wheat  or  rice ;  and 

11 


162  MEDICINES   FOE  POULTEY,   ETC. 

if    obstinate,   cram   clown   small  pieces  of  tlie  following 
mass : — Chalk,  p.  caraway,  and  syi'up  of  poppies. — Clateb. 
2.  Put  chalk  in  their  water,  or  give  forge-water. 

CROPSICK,  OR  CONSTIPATION. 

If  the  obstruction  is  in  the  crop,  endeavour  to  force  the 
contents  into  the  gullet  and  mouth  by  gentle  pressure, 
AVhen  partiaHy  emptied  give  rue  and  butter. 

When  the  obstruction  is  in  the  bowels,  give  bran  and 
pollard,  mixed  with  a  little  greasy  hot  liquor,  to  which,  if 
necessary,  a  little  si;lphur  may  be  added ;  or  give  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  the  castor-oil  mixture  (see  No.  8,  Medicines  for 
Dogs,  Physic  Balls). — See  Chipping. 

PIP,  OR  PLAIN  IN  THE  TONGUE. 

1.  Wash  the  mouth  two  or  thi'ce  times  a  day,  with  a 
mixture  of  equal  parts  of  tuicture  of  myrrh  and  water. 

2.  Rub  the  sore  with  common  salt. 

3.  Solution  of  chloride  of  soda  1  dr.,  water  1  oz.,  honey 
of  roses  3  drs. 

CANKER  IN  PIGEONS.  Apply  bm-nt  alum,  mixed  with 
honey. 

SCABS  IN  BREASTS  AND  BACKS  OF  PIGEONS.  Dill 
seed,  cimiin  seed,  fennel  seed,  of  each  1  lb.,  assafcetida 
I5  oz.,  bay  salt  ^  lb.,  common  salt  ^  lb. ;  knead  them  with 
fine  clay  and  flour.  Bake  it  in  earthen  pots,  and  set  it  for 
the  birds  to  peck.-^MooEE. 

Genuine  Salt- Cat. — Sifted  gravel,  brickmakers'  earth,  rub- 
bish of  old  walls,  of  each  a  peck,  cumin  seed  1^  lb,,  bay- 
salt  I  lb.  j  mix. 

FOR  FILANDER  WORMS  IN  HAWKS.  Aloes,  iron 
filings,  nutmeg,  and  honey;  mix,  and  give  a  small  piece  as 
often  as  necessary. 

CHIPPESTG,  IN  CHICKENS.— Remove  the  chickens  to  a 
warm  place.  Mix  1  oz.  of  castor  oil  with  |  oz.  syrup  of 
ginger ;  mix  a  teaspoonful  of  this  with  a  little  thick  gruel, 
and  force  a  little  down  several  times  a  day,  so  that  it 
shall  get  half  a  teaspoonful  of  the  mixture  in  the  course  of 
the  day. 

FOR  CHILL,  IN  TURKEY  CHICKS.     Give  ground  malt 


MEDICINES   FOB   POITLTET,    ETC.  163 

and  barley-meal  in  equal  quantities,  adding  a  little  pow- 
dered caraway  or  coriander-seed. 

PASTE  FOR  WEAK  TURKEY  CHICKS.  Eggs  boiled 
hard,  nettles,  and  parsley,  all  chopped  up,  and  moistened 
with  wine  or  water. 

MEGRIMS  OR  GIDDINESS.  Castor  oil  1  oz.,  syrup  of 
gmger  i  oz.,  syi'up  of  poppies  |  oz. ;  mix  with  gruel  and 
force  a  little  down  occasionally  — Clatee. 

CONVULSIONS  OP  DUCKS.  Give  to  gro\vn-up  ducks 
4  grains  of  pepper,  mixed  with  fresh  butter. 

FOR  BLINDNESS.  Foment  with  warm  water,  then  drop 
a  few  drops  of  the  following  solution  into  the  eyes : — 
laudanum  1  teaspoonful,  water  a  teacupful. 

LOTION  FOR  WOUNDS. 

1.  Laudanum,  a  few  di'ops,  added  to   a  teacupful  of 
water. 

2.  Tinctxire  of  myi'rh  and  paregoric,  each  a  teaspoon- 
ful, water  i  a  pint. 

TO  PROMOTE  THE  LAYING  OF  EGGS.  A  little  sul- 
phate of  soda,  placed  within  reach  of  the  hens,  is  said  to 
be  useful.  Warmth,  good  feeding,  with  a  little  chopped 
meat  in  winter,  are  also  recommended.  To  prevent  their 
laying  soft  eggs,  supply  them  with  old  mortar,  bruised 
egg-shells,  or  chalk. 

FUNGUS,  OR  PROUD  FLESH,  FROM  WOUNDS  IN 
THE  HEAD.  Burnt  alum  2  drs.,  honey  1  oz. ;  mix,  and 
apply  twice  a  day. 

VERMIN,  TO  DESTROY.  Tobacco  smoke,  with  good  food, 
and  cleanliness. 

MOULTING.  It  is  usual  to  put  saffron  into  the  water  of 
cage  birds  when  moultmg;  others  recommend  a  rusty  nail. 

FOR  SNIFFLES  IN  RABBITS.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  to 
2  grs.,  morning  and  evening,  in  bran. — Clatee. 

FOR  ROT  OR  POT  BELLY,  Give  them  young  green 
broomj  and  bread  well  toasted. — Mayee; 


PATENT   AND   PROPRIETARY 
MEDICINES, 

DEUGaiSTS'  NOSTEUMS, 

ETC. 

This  division  consists  of  tliose  medicinal  compounds  which 
are  excluded  from  the  Pocket  Formulary,  as  belonging 
rather  to  empirical  than  to  regular  practice.  It  includes, 
in  addition  to  those  secret  and  patent  remedies  which  are 
usually  termed  Quack  Medicines,  preparations  of  various 
drugs  made  according  to  private  formulae ;  some  favourite 
domestic  remedies ;  and  a  few  compounds,  which,  though 
not  empirical,  are  better  knowni  by  the  names  of  indivi- 
dual practitioners  than  by  any  other  title.  The  supposed 
composition  of  some  of  the  secret  remedies  is  given  on 
the  authority  of  Dr.  Paris,  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy,  and  others;  but  without  voucliing  for  their 
correctness. 

Abeenethy's  Pills.  The  nostrum  to  which  this  distin- 
guished surgeon's  name  has  been  applied,  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  2  grs.  of  blue  pill,  and  3  of  compound  extract  of 
colocynth. 

Ague  Drops  (tasteless).  A  solution  of  arsenic,  probably 
similar  to  the  liquor  potassa  arsenitis  (liquor  arsenicalis, 
B.)  of  the  Pharmacopoeia. 

Anderson's  Pills.  See  Pilulse  Andersonis,  P.  F.  Other 
published  formulse  are — 

1.  Barbadoes  aloes  1  oz.,  jalaj)  ^  oz.,  soap  1  dr.,  oil  of 
aniseed  i  dr.,  tincture  of  aloes  q.  s. ;  mix,  and  divide  into 
4-grain  pills. 

2.  Barbadoes  aloes  5  oz.,  water  1  oz.;  soften  by  the 
heat  of  a  water-bath,  and  add  powdered  jala]3,  i)owdercd 
aniseed,  and  ivory-black,  of  each  1  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  1  dr. 

3.  Barbadoes  aloes  16  oz.,  black  hellebore,  jalap,  sub* 
carbonate  of  potash,  of  each  1  oi.,  oil  of  aniseed  \  oi. 


PATENT   AND   PEOPRIETART   MEDICINES      165 

sjTup  of  buckthorn  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass.     To  be  divacled 
into  4-grain  pills. 

4.  Barbacloes  aloes  24  oz.,  soap  4  oz.,  colocynth  1  oz., 
gamboge  1  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  i  fluid  oz. ;  mix,  and  divide 
into  pills  of  3  grs.  each.     Phil.  Coll.  of  Pharmacy. 

Anodyne  Necklaces.     Beads  formed  of  the  root  of  hen- 
bane, and  used  as  necklaces,  to  allay  the  pain  of  teething. 

ANTiPERTtrssis.     Dr.    Paeis   states   that  the  basis  of  this 
nostrum  is  a  salt  of  zinc. 

Aequebusade  (acid).     1.  Sulphuric  acid  i  lb.,  vinegar  and 
spirit   of    wine,  of    each   3  lbs.,   clarified    honey  1  lb. — 

SWEDIAUR. 

2.  Distilled  vinegar  and  rectified  spirit,  of  each  10  oz., 

sulphuric  acid    (by    weight)   1^  oz.,   sugar    22   oz. ;    mix. 

For    the    aromatic     spirituous    arquebusade    water,    see 

Arquebusade  Water,    under    PEEFrMEBY;    also    Spiritus 

Vulnerarius,  P.  F. 
Aromatic  Vinegar.     Strongest  acetic  acid  1  lb.,  camphor 

1  oz. ;  dissolve,  and  add  1  oz.  each  of  oil  of  lavender,  oil  of 

cloves,  and  oil  of  lemon. 
Aperient    and    Antibilious    Pills.      See    Anderson's, 

Baillie's,  Baeclay's,  Dixon's,  &c..  Pills.     The  following 

are  useful  forms — 

1.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  60  grs.,  comp.  rhu- 
barb pill  30  grs.,  soap  10  grs.     In  24  pills. 

2.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  2  di's.,  extract  of  rhu- 
barb 2  dr.,  compound  soap  pill  10  grs. ;  mix,  and  divide 
into  40  pills ;   1,  2,  or  3  for  a  dose. 

3.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  8  oz.,  soap  1  oz., 
scammony  2  oz.,  extract  of  rhubarb  2  oz.,  oil  of  cassia 
5  drs.,  spirit  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass.    Divide  into  4-grain  pills. 

4.  Blue  pill,  comp(iund  extract  of  colocynth,  of  each  a 
scruple ;  scannnony  and  Castile  soap,  of  each  10  grs.,  oil 
of  caraway  4  dro])s.  Mix,  and  divide  into  15  pills — 3  at 
bedtime. — Sir  B.  Brodie. 

5.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  4  scruples,  scam- 
mony a  scruple,  extract  of  rhubarb  12  grs.,  soap  6  gi's., 
oil  of  cinnamon  4  drops.  Mix,  and  divide  into  24  pills. 
— Mr.  Vance. 

6.  Mr.  Vance's  Stronger  Pills,  with  Calomel.  Com- 
pound extract  of  colocynth  4  scruples,  scammony  2  scru- 


166      PATENT   AND   PEOPEIETAEr   MEDICINES 

pies,  calomel  24  grs.,  oil  of  cinnamon  6  drops,  in  24  pills. — 
Dr.  J.  Johnson. 

7.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  1  dr.,  calomel  15  grs., 
emetic  tartar  1  gr.,  oil  of  cassia  5  drops.  In  24  pills. — 
Dr.  J.  Johnson. 

8.  Scammouy  10  to  15  grs.,  compound  extract  of  colo- 
cynth 2  scruples,  extract  of  rhubarb  i  dr.,  soap  10  grs. 
oil  of  caraway  5  drops.  In  20  pills.  One  or  two  when 
required. — Sir  C.  Sctjdamore. 

9.  Compound  rhubarb  pill  ^  dr.,  ipecacuanha  6  grs., 
compound  extract  of  colocynth  20  grs.  In  12  pills.  One 
or  more  at  bedtime  occasionally. — Dr.  Baeon. 

10.  The  same  as  Pil.  Coloc.  et  Hyoscyami,  Ed.  Ph. — Dr. 
Hamilton. 

11.  (Strong.)  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  2  drs., 
aloes  and  mjTrh  pill  2  drs.,  calomel  1  dr. ;  mix,  and  divide 
into  40  pills.     Two  for  a  dose. — Dr.  Lynn. 

12.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  2  scruples,  ipeca- 
cuanha 6  grs.,  soap  10  grs.,  extract  of  henbane  30  grs.  In 
18  pills.     Two  at  bedtime. — Dr.  Copland. 

13.  Dr.  Neligan's  Furgative  Pills  for  general  use. 
Comp.  colocynth  pill,  and  soap  of  jalap,  of  each  1  dr.  In 
24  pills.     Two  when  required. 

14.  (Without  aloes.)  Simple  extract  of  colocynth  24 
grs.,  extract  of  jalap  12  grs.,  blue  pill  12  grs.,  ipecacuanha 
4  grs.,  oil  of  peppermint  3  drops.     In  12  pills. 

Other  formulae  will  be  found  in  the  Pocket  Formnlary. 
Those  which  do  not  contain  calomel  should  be  preferred 
for  general  and  repeated  use. 

Atkinson's  Infant  Preservative.  Carbonate  of  magnesia 
6  drs.,  white  sugar  2  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  20  drops,  spirit  of 
sal  volatile  2|  drs.,  laudanum  1  dr.,  syrup  of  saffron  1  oz., 
caraway  water  to  make  a  pint. 

Atropine  Paper.  Green  tissue  paper  imbued  with  a  solu- 
tion of  sulphate  of  atropia,  so  that  a  piece  -^th  of  an  inch 
square  contains  as  much  as  a  drop  of  a  solution  of  2  grs.  to 
1  oz.  of  water.  The  paper  is  hung  up  and  turned  about 
while  drying,  A  piece  of  the  size  named  will  dilate  the 
pupil  if  placed  on  the  sclerotic,  and  the  lids  closed  over  it, 
and  tied  with  a  handkerchief, — Mr.  Stbeatfield, 


DEIJGGISTS'   NOSTEUMS,    ETC.  167 

Bachee's  Toxic  Pills.  Alkaline  extract  of  black  hellebore 
2  drs.,  extract  of  myrrh  2  drs,,  powder  of  holy  thistle  1  dr.; 
mix,  and  di%'ide  into  4-grain  pills. 

Dr.  Baillie's  Pills.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth  li 
dr.,  extract  of  aloes  1^  dr.,  Castile  soap  i  dr.,  oil  of  cloves 
15  drops  :  in  38  pills.     3  at  bedtime  occasionally. 

Dr.  Baillie's  Dinnee  Pills.  Aloes  20  grs.,  ginger  ^  dr., 
ipecacuanha  8  grs.,  syrup  q.  s.  Mix,  and  divide  into  16 
piUs.     One  daily,  before  dinner. 

Bailey's  Itch  Ointment.  Olive  oil  1  lb.,  suet  1  lb.,  alkanet 
root  2  oz.  Melt,  and  macerate  until  coloured ;  then  strain, 
and  add  3  oz.  each  of  alum,  nitre,  and  sulphate  of  zinc,  in 
very  fine  powder ;  adding  vermilion  to  colour  it,  and  oil 
of  aniseed,  lavender,  and  thyme,  to  perfume. 

Baeing  Powder.  Tartaric  acid  8  oz.,  bicarbonate  of  soda 
9  oz.  arrow-root,  or  rice  flour,  10  oz.  Mix.  Delfoet's 
is  said  to  consist  of  alum  5  oz.,*  bicarbonate  of  soda  2|  oz., 
bicarbonate  of  ammonia  ^  oz.,  arrow-root  4  oz. 

Balm  of  Gilead  (factitious).  4  oz.  of  gum  benzoin  may  be 
dissolved  by  heat  in  1  lb.  of  Canada  balsam,  and  to  the 
mixture,  when  cold,  i  oz.  each  of  the  oils  of  rosemary, 
lemon,  and  cassia,  added. 

Balm  of  Rakasiei.  Oil  of  rosemary  dissolved  in  common  gin. 

Balsam.     See  Foed's,  Hill's,  Feyae's,  &c. 

Baeclay's  (Rev.  D.)  Antibilious  Pills.  Extract  of  colo- 
cynth 2  drs.,  soap  of  jalap  2i  drs.,  extract  of  guaiacum 
wood  3  drs.,  emetic  tartar  8  grs.,  oil  of  juniper,  caraway, 
and  rosemary,  each  4  drops ;  into  4-grain  pills. 

Baeegian  Balls.  Extract  of  soap-wort  (or  of  artichoke 
leaves)  3  oz.,  gelatine  li  oz.,  water  3  oz. ;  heat  together 
till  dissolved,  pour  the  solution  into  a  warm  iron  mortar ; 
add  6  oz.  of  sulphuret  of  lime,  and  1  oz.  of  salt,  previously 
powdered  and  mixed.  Stir  constantly  till  a  mass  is  ob- 
tained, and  divide  it  into  balls  of  2i  oz.  each.  Use  one 
for  a  general  bath,  half  of  one  for  a  foot  bath. 

Bark,  Essential  Salt  of.  See  Extractum  Cinchonae  Sic- 
cum,  P.  F. 

Barker's  Tooth  Tincttjre.  An  alcoholic  solution  of 
pyi'ethrum,  coloured  with  tiuctui'e  of  red  cabbage. 

Bateman's  Pectoral  Drops,  1.  Compomid  spirit  of 
*  Tlie  employment  of  alum  in  bread-making  ought  to  be  disc'ountenanced. 


168      PATENT   AND   PKOPEIETAET    MEDICINES 

aniseed  16  fluid  ounces,  opium  1  dr.,  camphor  1  dr.,  oil  of 

fennel  20  drops,  cochineal  2  drs. 

2.  Proof  spirit  4  galls.,  red  sanders  2  oz.;  digest  24 

hours,  filter,  and  add  powdered  opium  2  oz.,  camphor  2  oz., 

catechu  2  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  4  fluid  drachms ;  digest  for 

10  days.     Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.      The  old 

wine  gallon  is  here  intended. 
Bateman's   Itch   Ointment.      Carbonate   of  potash  |  oz., 

rose-water  1  oz.,  vermilion  1   dr.,  sulphur  11  oz.,  oil  of 

bergamot  i  dr.,  lard  11  oz. ;  mix. 
Bate's  Anodyne  Balsam.     Soap  liniment  2  parts,  tincture 

of  opium  1  part. 
Bate's    Camphorated    Eye-watee.      Sulphate   of  copper 

15  grs.,  French  bole  15  grs.,  camphor  4  grs.,  boiling  water 

4  oz. ;  infuse,  strain,  and  dilute  with  4  pints  of  cold  water. 
Bate's  Styptic  Wash.     See  Liquor  Aluminis  Co.,  P.  F. 
Bathing  Spirits.      Tliese  resemble  liquid  opodeldoc  (soap 

liniment),  and  are  usually  coloured  by  the  addition  of  some 

dark  tincture.     See  Feeeman's  Bathing  Spirits.' 
Bath  Digestive  Pills.     Ehubarb  2  oz.,  ipecacuanha  ^  oz., 

cayenne  pepper  \  oz.,  soap  ^  oz.,  ginger  ^  oz.,  gamboge 

i  oz. ;  mix,  and  divide  into  4-grain  pills. 
Bath  Lozenges  (in  imitation  of  Davison's).    Pure  extract 

of  liquorice  1  oz.,  powdered  gum  ai'abic  1  oz.,  white  sugar 

1  lb.,  hot  water  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass ;  to  be  rolled  into 

pipes. 
Battley's   LiQroK    Cinchon.e    and    LiQrOE   Opii.      See 

Pocket  Formulary. 
Battley's  Sen'na  Powder.     Senna  leaves  heated  until  they 

become  light  in  colour,  reduced  to  powder,  and  mixed  with 

some  finely  powdered  charcoal. 
Bafme  de  Vie.      Socotrine   aloes   2  drs.,  rhubarb  6  drs., 

saffron  2  drs.,  liquorice  root  1  oz.,  proof  spirit  8  oz. ;  digest 

for  8  days,  and  filter.    The  original  Swedish  form  is  this : — 

aloes  9  drs.,  rhubarb,  gentian,  zedoary,  saffron,  theriaca, 

agaric,  of  each  a  drachm,  proof  spirit  2  pints. 
Baynton's  Plaster.     Simple  litharge  plaster  16  oz.,  yellow 

resin  6  drs. ;  melt  together,  and  spread  on  linen  or  calico. 
Beddoe's  Pills;  for  Gravel, &c.      Carbonate  of  soda,  dried 

without  heat,  1  dr.,  soap  4  scruples,  oil  of  juniper  10  drops, 

syrup  of  ginger  q.  s.  for  30  pills. 


druggists'  nostrums,  etc.  169 

Beetle  Wafers.  Eed  lead,  sugar,  and  flour ;  made  into 
wafers. 

Belloste's  Pills.  Quicksilver,  scammony,  and  jalap,  of 
each  1  lb.,  sugar  4  oz. ;  mixed  and  made  up  into  a  mass  with 
sherry  wine. 

Besttjcheff's  Nekvous  Tincttire.  a  mixture  of  a  strong 
solution  of  perchloride  of  iron  with  sulphuric  etlier  and 
spirit,  exposed  in  long  bottles  to  the  rays  of  the  sun  until 
it  has  quite  lost  its  brown  colour. 

Betton's  British  Oil.  Oil  of  turpentine  8  oz.,  Barbadoes 
tar  4  oz.,  oil  of  rosemary  4  drs. ;  mix.     See  British  Oils. 

Bewley  &  Evans'  Chalybeate  Wateb.  Citrate  of  iron  13 
grains,  carbonated  water  6  oz.,  syrup  of  orange  peel  1  oz. 

Biscuits,  Apeeient.  An  ounce  of  powdered  jalap,  mixed 
with  16  oz.  of  the  materials  for  gingerbread,  or  other  kind 
of  cake.     See  Gingerbread,  Purgative. 

Black  Drop.     See  Guttas  Nig.,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Black  Draught.  1.  Infusion  of  senna  10  di-s.,  sulphate  of 
magnesia  3  drs.,  syrup  of  ginger  1  dr.,  aromatic  spirit  of 
ammonia  20  drops. 

2.  Tartrate  of  potash  1^  dr.,  manna  ^  di".,  tincture  of 
jalap  i  dr.,  aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia  20  drops,  extract 
of  liquorice  4  grs.,  infusion  of  senna  11  di"s.  See  Mistura 
Seunae  Comp.,  Haustus  Aperiens,  and  Mistura  Aperiens,  in 
Pocket  Formulary,  for  other  formulsc. 

Blaine's  Distemper  Powders.  The  basis  of  these  is  said 
to  be  aurum  musivum  (sulphuret  of  tin) 

Blistering  Paper.  Melt  canthai-adin  1  dr.,  white  wax 
1  dr.,  olive  oil  5  di's.  Paint  it  with  a  brush  on  white  bibu- 
lous paper,  and  hang  it  up  to  dry  in  a  current  of  air.  Take 
a  piece  of  pink  paper  of  form  and  size  required,  paint  the 
imder  coloured  side  with  a  weak  solution  of  india  rubber, 
cut  the  cantharadine  paper  to  the  size,  less  a  margin,  of  the 
pink  paper,  and  place  it  on  while  the  india-rubber  solution 
is  still  sticky.  Before  applying,  the  blister  must  be  held 
over  the  steam  of  hot  water.     See  Papier  Epispastique. 

Blistering  Tissue.  Taffetas  Vesicant.  Powdered  cantha- 
rides  exhausted  by  ether,  the  tincture  distilled  to  recover 
the  principal  part  of  the  ether  for  the  same  use,  and  the 
residue  heated  in  a  water-bath  till  it  ceases  to  boil.  The 
green  butyraceous  oil  which  remains  is  to  be  melted  with 


170      PATENT   AND    PEOPRIETART   MEDICINES 

twice  its  weiglit  of  wax,  and  spread  on  waxed  silk,  or  any 
convenient  and  adhesive  material.  An  extract  prepared 
by  evaporating  a  tincture  made  with  4  parts  of  flies,  1  of 
strong  acetic  acid,  and  16  of  rectified  sj)irit,  is  used  for  the 
same  purj^ose. 

Mr.  J.  Deane,  in  a  paper  read  before  the  Pharm.  Soc, 
Feb.  2nd,  1876,  advocated  the  use  of  acetic  ether  as  the 
best  solvent  for  the  active  principle  of  cantharides. 

Bochet's  Steup,  for  scrofulous  affections.  Compound 
syi'up  of  sarsaparilla,  with  senna,  and  1  per  cent,  of  iodide 
of  potassiiun. 

Brandish's  Aleaxine  Soltttion,  or  Caustic  AiKAri.  See 
Liq.  Potassse  Brandishii  ii.  Pocket  Formulary. 

Beandish's  Alkaline  Tikctuee  of  Ehttbaeb.  Coarsely 
powdered  rhubarb  1  oz.,  alkaline  sohition  (Beandish's) 
32  fluid  omices.  The  original  formula  directs  only  \  oz. 
rhubarb,  but  as  smaller  doses  of  the  tincture  than  were 
given  by  Mr.  B.  are  now  usually  prescribed,  the  quantity 
of  rhubarb  is  here  increased.  Or  an  alkaline  infusion  of 
rhubarb  may  be  made  by  pouring  boiling  water  38  parts  on 
rhiibarb  3  parts,  and  carbonate  of  potash  1  part. 

Beitish  Heeb  Tobacco.  Tlie  principal  ingredient  in  tliis 
compound  is  dried  coltsfoot  leaves,  to  which  a  smaller  por- 
tion of  thyme,  wood-betony,  eye-bright,  and  rosemary,  are 
added. 

British  Oils.  Oil  of  turpentine,  and  linseed  oil,  of  each 
8  oz. ;  oil  of  amber,  and  oil  of  juniijer,  of  each  4  oz. ;  true 
Barbadoes  tar  3  oz. ;  American  petroleum  (seneca  oil)  1 
oz. ;  mix.     See  Betton's  Beitish  Oil,  above. 

BEODrM's  NEETOrs  CoEDiAL.  Iron  wine,  compound  spirits 
of  lavender,  tinctures  of  calumba,  gentian,  cinchona,  and 
cardamoms,  eqi;al  parts  of  each. 

Beocchieei's  Styptic  Watee.  Pieces  of  fresh  pine,  bruised 
in  a  mortar,  and  distilled  with  twice  their  weight  of  water, 
till  half  the  water  has  come  over.  After  staiiding  in  a 
wide  vessel,  any  floating  oil  is  to  be  removed  from  the  sur- 
face, and  the  water  kept  for  use. 

Buenett's  (Sir  William)  Disinfecting  Flttid.  A  neu- 
tral solution  of  zinc  in  commercial  muriatic  (liydrochloric) 
acid. 

CACHOtr  Aeomatis^,  .  See  PEErrMEET, 


DRUaGISTS'    NOSTRUMS,   ETC.  171 

Cajepft  Liniment.     Soap  liniment  7  oz.,  camphor  i  oz., 

oil  of  cajeput  1  oz. 
Camphor    Liniment,    EXTEMPOEANEors.     Rectified  spirit 

17  fluid  ounces,  strong  water  of  ammonia  2i  oz.,  camphor 

2  oz.,  oil  of  lavender  50  minims. 
Caeeon  On.     Lime-water,  and  linseed  oil,  equal  quantities. 
Castillon's  Powdeks.     Sago  meal,  salep,  tragacanth,  each     /  ^ 

1  dr.;  prepared  oyster-shells  a  scruple;  coloured  with 
cochineal.  A  drachm  to  be  boiled  with  milk;  in  bowel 
complaints. 
Cephalic  Snuff.  Dried  asarabacca  leaves  3  parts,  mar- 
joram 1  part,  lavender  flowers  1  part ;  rub  together  to  a 
powder.    Boeli's  consists  of  2  drs.  valerian,  2  drs.  of  snuff, 

3  drops  of  oil  of  lavender,  3  drops  of  oil  of  marjoram; 
mix.     This  is  said  to  relieve  the  eyes  as  well  as  the  head. 

Chambeelaine's  Pills.  Common  milk  of  sulphur  and 
vermilion.  Dr.  Paris's  statement  that  they  contain  sul- 
phate of  lime  M'ould  probably  surprise  the  proprietor,  if 
not  aware  that  a  great  part  of  the  commercial  milk  of 
sulphur  contains  half  its  weight  of  that  substance. 

Chamomile  Drops.  Dr.  Paris  states  that  the  nostrum  sold 
under  this  name  is  merely  spirit  flavoured  with  essential 
oil  of  chamomile.  A  strong  tincture  of  the  flowers  would 
probably  be  more  efficacious. 

Chamomile  Pills.  We  are  ignorant  of  the  composition 
of  Norton's  chamomile  pills.  The  following  is  a  good 
form  :  Watery  extract  of  aloes  12  grs.,  extract  of  chamomile 
36  grs.,  oil  of  chamomile  3  drops ;  make  12  pills.  Two 
every  night,  or  twice  a  day. 

Chelsea  Pensionee.  Powdered  rhubarb  2  drs.,  cream  of 
tartar  1  oz.,  guaiacum  1  dr.,  sulphur  2  oz.,  1  nutmeg  grated 
fine,  clarified  honey  16  oz. ;  mix :  take  2  spoonfuls  night 
and  morning  :  for  chronic  rheumatism,  &c. 

Cheltenham  Salts  (factitious).  Sulphate  of  soda  16  oz., 
sulphate  of  magnesia  8  oz.,  muriate  of  soda  (chloride  of 
sodium)  1  oz.,  sulphate  of  iron  8  grs.;  dissolve  in  'the 
smallest  quantity  of  hot  water,  strain,  and  evaporate  to 
dryness  by  a  gentle  heat,  or  dry  the  salts  separately,  and 
mix. 

Chilblains,  Popular  Remedies  for.  1.  Soap  liniment  1  oz., 
cajeput  oil  i  oz.,  tincture  of  cantharides  i  oz. ;  mix, 


172      PATENT  AND   PBOPEIETAET   MEDICINES 

2.  Sal  ammoniac  i  oz.,  vinegar  5  oz.,  spirit  of  rosemary 
1  oz. ;  mix. 

3.  Oil  of  turpentine  1  oz.,  camphor  i  oz.,  Goulard's 
extract  ^  oz. ;  mix. 

4.  Dr.  Graves's  Preventive.  Sulphate  of  copper  10 
grs.,  water  1  oz. ;  dissolve,  brush  over  the  parts  with  the 
lotion  by  means  of  a  camel-hair  pencil,  and  when  dry 
apply  a  little  simple  ointment :  repeat  this  for  some  even- 
ings in  succession. 

5.  Lejeune's  Baisam.     See  further  on. 

6.  Sal  enixum,  alum,  and  sulphate  of  zinc,  of  each  }  oz., 
water  a  pint ;  apply  it  frequently. 

7.  Muriiitic  acid  ^  oz.,  Fryar's  balsam  3^  oz.,  mix. 

8.  Swediatje's  Paste.  Bitter  almonds  8  oz.,  honey  6 
oz.,  powdered  camphor  ^  oz.,  flour  of  mustai'd  i  oz.,  burnt 
alum  z  oz.,  olibanum  \  oz.,  yolks  of  3  eggs;  beat  together 
to  form  a  paste ;  rub  a  portion  of  it  on  the  part  affected, 
moistened  with  water,  night  and  morning,  then  wash  with 
warm  water,  and  dry  with  a  cloth. 

9.  Wahler's  Ointment  for  Broken  Chilblains.  Black 
oxide  of  iron,  bole,  and  oil  of  turpentine,  of  each  1  dr. ; 
rub  together,  and  add  the  mixture  to  1  oz.  of  melted  resin 
cerate. 

10.  Another  ointment  for  the  same.  Locatelli  balsam  1 
oz.,  citrine  ointment  5  oz.,  balsam  of  Peru  20  drops;  mix. 

11.  Russian  remedy.  Dry  the  peelings  of  cvicumbers, 
and  when  required  for  use  soften  the  inner  part  with 
water,  and  apply  it  to  the  part  affected. 

12.  Tincture  of  arnica,  rose  water,  glycerine,  of  each 
3  parts,  spirit  of  camphor  1  part. 

13.  Dr.  Dewar.  Sulphurous  acid,  and  glycerine,  of 
each  1  part,  distilled  water  2  parts. 

Ching's  Worm  Lozenges.  The  yellow  lozenges  contain 
1  gr.  of  calomel  in  each,  with  sugar,  and  sufficient  muci- 
lage (coloured  with  saffron)  to  form  a  paste.     The  brown 

f  contain  |  gr.  of  calomel  %\ith  3^  grs.  of  resinous  extract  of 
jalap,  according  to  Gray  ;  or  with  1  gr.  of  resin  of  jalap, 
according  to  Dr.  Paris  and  others. 

Chlorodtne.  The  preparation  sold  under  this  name  con- 
tains chloroform,  morphia,  Indian  hemp,  and  prussic  acid. 
Many  formulpe  have  been  published,     The  following  is  an 


DRUGGISTS^   NOSTRUMS,    ETC.  173 

improvement  by  Mr.  Gkoves,  on  the  recipe  of  Dr.  Ogdex. 
Take  chloroform  4  drs.,  ether  1^  dr.,  oil  of  peppermint  8 
drops,  resin  of  Indian  hemp  16  grs.,  capsicum  2  grs.;  mace- 
rate for  2  or  3  days,  and  filter.  Then  dissolve  hydrochlo- 
rate  of  morphia  16  grs.  in  1  oz.  of  syrup,  add  perchloric 
acid  and  water  J  dr.  each,  assisting  the  solution  by  a  water- 
bath  ;  then,  when  cold,  add  hydrocyanic  acid  (Scheele's) 
96  drops.  Mix  the  solutions.  See  Pocket  Formulary. 
Cholera  Medicines.  The  following  are  some  of  the  more 
popular  remedies  that  have  been  used  during  the  visita- 
tions of  this  disease. 

1.  Liverpool  Preventive  Powders.  Bicai-bonate  of  soda 
1  scrapie,  ginger  8  grs. ;  to  be  taken  in  a  glass  of  water 
after  breakfast  and  supper.  These  powders  are  said  to 
have  been  used  with  good  effect  among  the  workmen  in 
the  mining  and  manufacturing  districts,  during  a  former 
visitation  of  cholera. 

2.  Dr.  Stevens'  Saline  Powders.  Bicarbonate  of  soda 
i  drachm,  muriate  of  soda  (chloride  of  sodium)  a  scruple, 
chlorate  of  potash  7  grs. ;  mix,  for  1  dose. 

3.  Mr.  Hope's  remedy.  Nitrous  acid  (red)  2  drs.,  pep- 
permint-water or  camphor  mixture  1  oz.,  tincture  of  opium 
40  minims  :  dose  1  to  2  teaspoonfuls  in  a  cupful  of  gruel 
every  3  or  4  hom's. 

4.  Spirit  of  wine  1  oz.,  spirit  of  lavender  \  oz.,  oil  of 
origanum  \  oz.,  compound  tincture  of  benzoin  ^  oz.,  spirit 
of  camphor  ^  oz. ;  twenty  drops  on  moist  sugar.  To  be 
rubbed  outwardly  also. 

5.  American  remedy.  Equal  parts  of  lard,  maple- 
sugar,  and  charcoal,  to  be  mixed,  and  the  size  of  a  nut 
swallowed. 

6.  Remedies  recommended  by  the  Board  of  Health,  in 
premonitory  diarrhoea :  Chalk  mixture  1  oz.,  aromatic 
confection  10  to  15  grs.,  tincture  of  opium  5  to  15  drops ; 
to  be  repeated  every  3  or  4  hours,  or  oftener  if  the  attack 
be  severe,  until  the  looseness  is  stopped. 

7.  Dr.  Graves'  Astringent  Pills.  Acetate  of  lead  20 
grs.,  opium  1  gr.  :  in  12  pills.  One  every  half  hour  till  the 
watery  discharges  cease. 

8.  Mr.  Bvxron's  remedy.  Twonty-fivc  minims  of  diluted 
sulphuric  acid  iu  au  Ounce  of  water, 


174      PATENT    A^T>   PEOPEIETAUT    MEDICINES 

9.     Dr.  Beavens  Preventative  and  IRemedy. 
The  Preventative.      Sulphite  of  magnesia  2  drs. ;  sulphu- 
rous acid  2  oz.,  water  2  oz. ;  tincture  of  capsicum  J  oz.    Mix 

and  dissolve.     A  teaspoonful  night  and  morning. 

The  Remedy.     Sulphite  of    magnesia  2  drs. ;  sulphurous 

acid  2  oz. ;  tincture  capsicum  \  oz.,  water  2  oz.,  sulphate  of 

morphia  2  grs. ;    mix  and  dissolve.       A   teaspoonful  every 

half  hour  until  relieved. 

We  have  inserted  the  above,  not  to  encourage  quackery  in 
reference  to  this  terrible  disease,  but  because  the  druggist 
may  be  called  upon  to  supply  these  remedies,  and  expected 
to  know  their  composition.    For  Elixir  Woroneje,  see  P.  F. 

Chieatta  Pills  ai^d  Mixtuee.  Dr.  Reece's  Pills.  Ex- 
tract of  chirayta  2  drs.,  dried  soda  (carbonate  ?)  20  grs., 
ginger  15  grs. ;  mix,  and  di\'ide  into  36  pills.  Two,  twice 
a  day.  Mixture :  Infusion  of  chirayta  8  oz.,  subcarbonate 
of  soda  1  dr. ;  two  tablespoonfuls  3  times  a  day. 

CiTEATE  OF  Magnesia.  See  Effervescing  Citrate  of  Mag- 
nesia. 

Cltttton's  Febeifitge  Spirit  and  Tinctuee.  Spirit:  The 
origmal  formula  is — oil  of  sulphur  by  the  bell,  oil  of  vitriol 
and  sea  salt,  of  each  1  oz. ;  rectified  spirit  3  oz. ;  mix, 
digest  for  a  month ;  and  distU  to  dryness.  Tincture  : 
Febrifuge  spirit  8  fluid  ounces ;  angelica  root,  serpentary, 
cardamom  seed,  of  each  1^  dr.;  digest,  and  strain.  Water 
acidulated  with  these  and  sweetened  to  the  taste,  forms  a 
cooling  diuretic  and  diaphoretic  julep.  Though  never 
admitted  into  the  Pharmacopoeias,  these  preparations  are 
favorites  with  a  few  practitioners. 

Cocheane's  Cough  Medicine.  An  acidulated  syrup  of 
poppies. 

Colliee's  (Dr.)  Wine  of  Quinine.  Dlsulphate  of  quinine 
18  grs.,  citric  acid  15  grs.,  sound  orange  wine  1  bottle,  or 
24  fluid  ounces. 

Colliee's  (Dr.)  Ceeam  of  Taeaxacum.  See  Cremor  Ta- 
raxaci,  P.  F, 

CoLLiNs's  Disinfecting  Powder.  See  Disinfecting  and 
Deodorizing  Compounds  among  the  Trade  Chemicals. 

Collodion.     See  Ti-ade  Chemicals. 

Collodion  (Styptic),  Dr.  Richaedson.  A  saturated  solu- 
tion of  tannic  acid  and  gim  cotton  in  ether. 


DETJGQISTS'   NOSTETJilS,   ETC.  175 

Dr.  Patesi.  Collodion  100  parts,  carbolic  acid  10  parts, 
tannic  acid  and  benzoic  acid,  of  each  5  parts.  AppUca' 
tion  to  loounds. 
;jONSr5iPTioy,  Popular  Remedies  for.  1.  Euui  ^  pint, 
linseed  oil,  honey,  garlic  (beaten  to  a  piilp),  and  loaf 
sugar,  of  each  4  oz.,  yolks  of  5  eggs  ;  mix  :  a  teaspoonful 
night  and  morning. 

2.  Breastplate.  Dissolve  1  oz.  of  aloes  in  12  oz.  of  a 
strong  decoction  of  fresh  rue ;  fold  a  large  piece  of  soft 
muslin  m  8  folds,  large  enough  to  cover  the  chest  and  part 
of  the  stomach ;  steep  in  the  solution  and  dry  it  in  the 
shade ;  wear  it  on  the  chest  constantly. 
Cough  Linctcs.  1.  Rose  Linctiis.  Confection  of  roses 
3  oz.,  paregoric  elixir  1^  oz.,  diluted  sulphuric  acid  1  dr. ; 
mix :  a  teaspoonful  now  and  then  when  the  cough  is 
troublesome. 

2.  Dr.  Latham's  Cough  Linctus.  Doteb's  Powder 
^  dr.,  compovmd  powder  of  tragacanth  2  drs.,  syrap  of  Tolu 
\  oz.,  confection  of  hips  and  simple  oxymel,  of  each  1  oz.; 
a  teaspoonful  3  or  4  times  a  day.  For  other  formulae,  see 
Linctus ;  Linctus  Papaveris ;  Linctus  Scillse,  &c. ;  P.  F. 
Cough  Lozenges.  See  Bath  Lozenges,  above;  also  Lo- 
zenges, below. 
CoEN  Plasters.  See  Kennedy's  Com  Plaster,  and  Em- 
plastrum  ^ruginis,  Pocket  Formulary.  Most  of  the 
advertised  corn  plasters  contain  verdigris.  A  few  addi- 
tional formula  are  subjoined. 

1.  Galbanum  Plaster  1  oz., prepared  verdigris  1  scruple; 
melt,  and  mix. 

2.  Galbanum  1  oz.,  black  pitch  \  oz.,  simple  diachylon 
A  oz.,  verdigris  a  scruple,  sal  ammoniac  a  scruple.  Melt 
the  first  three  together,  and  add  the  last  two  in  fine  powder. 

3.  Plaster  of  amnioniacum  with  quicksilver  1|  oz.,  soap 
plaster  ^  oz.,  opium  in  fine  powder  ^  dr. 

Mechanical  Corn  Piasters.  Any  suitable  adhesive  plaster 
is  spread  on  soft  thick  leather  (buckskin),  which  is  after- 
wards cut  to  a  suitable  size,  and  a  hole  punched  in  the 
centre.  They  are  sometimes  spread  on  amadou,  or  on 
■\-ulcanized  India  rubber. 

Corn  Solvents.  One  of  the  preparations  sold  imder  this 
name  is  probably  a  strong  solution  of  carbonate  of  potash. 


1?6      PATENT   AND    ITIOPEIETAEY   MEDtCINES 

A  powder  sold  for  the  same  purpose  consists  of  carbonate 
of  potash  coloured  with  ochre  or  bole.  A  pinch  is  placed 
on  the  corn,  and  confined  by  means  of  a  piece  of  adhesive 
plaster  or  rag.  Sir  Humphrey  Davy's  name  has  been 
given  to  a  remedy  which  consists  of  carbonate  of  potash 
and  salt  of  sorrel,  similarly  applied.  The  following  is  one 
of  the  advertised  Corn  and  Bunion  remedies : — Carbonate 
of  soda  1  oz.,  finely  powdered  and  mixed  with  ^  oz.  of 
lard.  Applied  on  linen  rag  every  night :  the  outer  skin  to 
be  pared  off  every  2  or  3  days.  It  may  be  varied  thus  : — 
Dried  soda  (carbonate  ?)  4  drs.,  powder  blue  (smalts)  a 
scruple,  lard  4  drs. ;  mix. 

Caustic  for  Corns.  1.  Tincture  of  iodine  4  drs.,  iodide  of 
iron  12  grs.,  chloride  of  antimony  4  drs. ;  mix,  and  apply 
with  a  camel-hair  brush,  after  paring  the  corn.  It  is  said 
to  cure  in  3  times. 

2.  Strong  acetic  acid  in  glass  tubes  is  used  for  this 
pm'pose. 

Court  Plaster.  See  Emplastrum  IcthyocoUse,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Custard  Powder.     See  Dietetic  Articles. 

Daffx's  Elixir.  This  is  similar  to  the  compound  tincture 
of  senna ;  but  different  makers  have  their  peculiar  formulae. 
The  following  are  some  of  them.  Avoirdupois  weight 
seems  to  be  intended : 

1.  Senna  leaves  3f  lbs.,  jalap,  aniseed,  caraway  seed,  of 
each  20  oz.,  rectified  spirit  18  pints,  sugar  5  lbs.  Infuse 
the  senna  2  or  3  times  in  suflicient  boiling  water  to  yield, 
when  strained  with  pressure,  4  gallons  of  the  whole.  Add 
to  this  the  tincture  made  with  jalap  and  seeds,  digested 
Avith  the  spirit  for  a  week.  Poiu*  off  the  clear  liquor  and 
add  the  sugar,  and  brandy  colouring  if  required. 

2.  Dicey's,  according  to  Grat.  Senna  5  oz.,  guaiacum 
shavings  (some  recipes  add  red  sanders),  dried  elecamjjane 
root,  seed  of  anise,  coriander,  and  caraway,  and  root  of 
liquorice,  of  each  2i  oz.,  stoned  raishis  8  oz.,  proof  sj^irit 
6  lbs. 

3.  Swinton's.  Jalap  3  lbs.,  senna  2  oz.,  coriander  seed, 
aniseed,  liquorice  root,  and  elecampane,  of  each  4  oz. ; 
spirit  of  wine  and  water,  of  each  a  gallon. 

4.  Small  senna  10  oz.,  bruised  jalap,  coriamler  seed,  and 


DEUGGISTS'   NOSTRUMS,   ETC.  177 

aniseed,  of  each  2^  oz.,  proof  spirit  a  gallon.  Digest 
8  days,  frequently  shaking,  and  strain.  Pour  on  the  re- 
maining ingredients  6  oz.  of  boiling  water  in  which  2 
drs.  of  salt  of  tartar  have  been  dissolved ;  press  strongly, 
and  add  the  liquid  to  the  tincture,  with  3  oz.  of  treacle. 
Some  recipes  add  rhubarb,  in  the  proportion  of  about 
4  oz.  to  the  gallon. 

Daley's  Caeminative.  1.  Carbonate  of  magnesia  1  oz., 
syrup  of  poppies  5  drs.,  tincture  of  wood-soot  1  oz.,  oil  of 
caraway  25  drops,  oil  of  peppermint  16  drops,  water  and 
spirit  of  wine,  each  J  oz.     Mix. 

2.  Carbonate  of  magnesia  2  scruples,  oil  of  peppermint 
1  drop,  oil  of  nutmeg  2  drops,  oil  of  aniseed  3  drops,  tinc- 
ture of  castor  30  drops,  tincture  of  assafcetida  15  drops, 
tincture  of  opium  5  drops,  spirit  of  pennyroyal  15  drops, 
compound  tincture  of  cardamom  30  drops,  peppermint 
water  2  oz.     Mix. — Dr.  Paris. 

Dandelion  Coffee.  The  roots,  collected  at  the  end  of  tlie 
year,  are  dried  at  a  gentle  heat  and  reduced  to  powder. 
Some  mix  coffee  with  it.  Otliers  roast  the  root  in  the 
manner  of  coffee,  but  probably  at  the  expense  of  its 
medical  virtues.  The  better  way  is  to  dry  and  powder  it, 
and  direct  it  to  be  mixed  with  coffee  when  used.  If  consi- 
dered necessary  to  give  it  more  colour  and  flavour,  it  may 
be  previously  mixed  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  roasted 
chicory,  which  should  not  exceed  one  eighth  of  the  whole. 

Darcet's  Alkaline  Lozenges,  or  Vichy  Lozenges.  Bi- 
carbonate of  soda  2  drs.,  refined  sugar  1-i  oz.,  oil  of  pep- 
permint 4  drops,  mucilage  of  tragacanth  q.  s.  Mix,  and 
divide  into  60  lozenges. 

Dawson's  Lozenges.     See  Bath  Lozenges,  above. 

Delamott's  Golden  Drops.  Muriate  of  iron  1  oz.,  spirit 
of  sulphuric  ether  7  oz. ;  dissolve  and  expose  to  sunshine 
in  a  closely  stopped  bottle  till  it  becomes  divested  of 
colour.     See  Bestuchepf's  Nervous  Tincture. 

Derbyshire's  Patent  Embrocation  for  Preventing  Sea- 
Sickness.  Boil  2  oz.  of  opium,  2  drs.  of  extract  of  hen- 
bane, 10  grs.  of  mace,  and  2  oz.  of  mottled  soap,  in  3 
pints  of  water  for  \  hour.  Wlien  cold,  add  1  quart  of 
rectified  spirit,  and  3  drs.  of  spirit  of  ammonia. 

12 


178      PATENT   AIS-D   PEOPEIETAET   MEDICINES 

Deshlee's  Salve.     This  is  merely  resin  cerate. 

Digestive   Pills.     See  Bath   Digestive  Pills,  DiyyES 

Pills,  Baillie's  Pills,  Webster's,  Lady,  Pills,  Dr. 

Reece's  Chieatta  Pills. 
DixNEE  Pills.     See  Bath  Digestive  Pills,  Webstee's, 

Lady,    Pills,  &c.     The  following  are   a   few  additional 

fonnulse : — 

1.  Rhubarb  30  grs.,  aloes  60  grs.,  i]3ecacuanha  12  grs., 
tincture  of  ginger  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass ;  to  be  divided  into 
24  pills. 

2.  Sir  ChXbles  Bell's.  Rhubarb  50  grs.,  mastic  6  grs., 
sulphate  of  quinuie  4  grs. ;  in  12  pills. 

Dixox's  Antibilious  Pills.  Equal  parts  of  aloes,  scam- 
mouy,  and  rhubarb,  with  the  addition  of  a  small  quantity 
of  tartar  emetic,  and  made  up  with  Castile  soap. 

Dovee's  Powdees.  The  Pulvis  Ipecacuanha}  Compositus  of 
the  Pharmacopoeia.  But  the  original  powder  consisted  of 
nitre  and  sulphate  of  potash,  each  4  oz.,  fused  in  a  red- 
hot  mortar,  and  afterwards  reduced  to  powder,  and  mixed 
with  1  oz.  each  of  ipecacuanha,  opium,  and  liquorice. 

Dupuyteen's  Pommade.     See  Haie  Cosmetics. 

Duputteen's  Eye  Salve.  Nitric  oxide  of  mercury  10  grs., 
sulphate  of  zinc  20  grs.,  lard  2  oz. ;  rub  perfectly  smooth. 

Duncan's  Fluid  Exteact  of  Senna.  Senna  15  lbs.  avoir- 
dupois, boiling  water  4  times  its  weight  or  q.  s.  Exhaust 
the  senna  by  displacement,  concentrate  the  liquor  to  10 
lbs.  avoir. ;  dissolve  in  it  6  lbs.  avoir,  of  treacle,  previously 
concentrated  over  a  water-bath,  till  it  becomes  nearly  dry, 
on  cooling :  add  24  fluid  oz.  of  rectified  spirit,  and  water 
q.  s.  to  make  up  15  pints  o.  m.  Dose,  2  drs.  Each  oz. 
corresponds  with  1  oz.  avoir,  of  senna. 

Dr.  Duncan's  Lactucaeium  Lozenges.  As  the  Troclusci 
Opii  (Pocket  Formulary),  substituting  lactucarium  for 
opium. 

Duncan's  Gout  Remedy.     A  preparation  of  colchicum  with 

opium,  &c. 
Dutch  (or  Haeelem)  Drops.  The  basis  of  this  popular 
remedy  is  said  to  be  the  residue  which  is  left  in  redistilling 
oil  of  turpentine.  Tlie  following  is  one  of  the  imitations 
of  it  made  in  this  country :  Linseed  oil  1  quart,  resin  2  lbs., 
sulphur  1  lb. ;  boil  together  over  a  slow  fire ;  when  com- 


DEITGGHSTS'   NOSTEUMS,   ETC.  179 

billed,  remove  from  the  fire,  and  add  1  pint  of  oil  of  tur- 
pentine and  50  drops  of  liquor  of  ammonia ;  stir  well 
together  and  bottle. 

Easton's  Tonic  Steup.  See  Pocket  Formulary,  Syr.  Ferri 
Phosph.  cum  Quin.  et  Strychn. 

Eaton's  Styptic.  It  is  similar  to  that  of  Heltetxtis, 
which  see  below. 

Eau  de  Magnanimite.     a  tmcture  of  ants,  with  aromatics. 

Eaf  Medicinaxe  D'HrssoN.  It  is  prepared,  according  to 
Dr.  Williams,  from  the  juice  of  colchicum  flower  with 
half  the  quantity  of  brandy  ;  mix,  and  after  standing  a 
few  days,  decant  into  small  bottles.  But  it  was  more  pro- 
bably made  from  the  root,  as  prescribed  in  the  following 
formulfe. — (In  one  of  the  French  codices.)  Ilaii  Colchique 
d'Hiisson.  Dry  colchicum  60  parts  in  sherry  125  parts. 
20  drops  for  a  dose.  (According  to  Mr.  Want.) — 4  ounces 
of  the  fresh  root  sliced,  macerated  in  ^  pint  of  proof  spirit. 

Eau  de  Cologne  (Eau  de  Melisse),  &c.  See  Peefumert. 

Eau  de  Javelle.  Dry  chloride  of  lime  2  oz.,  carbonate  of 
potash  4  oz.,  water  2  pints :  mix  the  chloride  with  1^  pint 
of  water,  dissolve  the  potash  in  the  remainder ;  mix  the 
solution  and  filter. 

Eau  de  Luce.     See  Peefumeet. 

Eau  de  Babel.  See  Acidum  Sulphurieum  Alcoholisatum, 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Eau  Sedative.  Easpail.  It  may  be  imitated  as  follows  : 
Spirit  of  camphor  1  part,  sti-ong  solution  of  ammonia 
7  piirts,  distilled  water  to  100  parts.    See  Pock.  Form. 

Edinbuegh  Ointment.  WTiite  hellebore  powder,  sal  am- 
moniac, and  lard. 

Effeevescing  Citeate  of  Magnesia.  A  granulated  jn-e- 
paration,  containing  carbonate  of  magnesia  and  citric  acid 
in  equivalent  proportions,  and  15  per  cent,  of  sugar.  Mr. 
Dymond.  Thrown  into  water,  it  effervesces,  and  citrate 
of  magnesia  is  formed,  analogous  to  Moxon's  Magnesian 
Aperient.  See  below.  The  preparation  commonly  sold  as 
citrate  of  magnesia  contains  no  magnesia  at  all.  It  is 
made  with  bicarbonate  of  soda  and  tartaric  acid.  See 
Sodce  Citro-tartras  effervescens,  B.  P.,  and  Magncsiaj 
Citras,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Elleeman's  Deodoeizing  Fluid.     It  consists  chiefly  of 


180      PATENT   A>'D   PEOPEIETAET    MEDICINES 

persalts  of  iron.     See   Disinfecti>-g  a>'D  Deodoeizino 
Compounds. 

Elixib  de  Gaeus.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Elixie  Longje  Vit^.     Similar  to  Baume  de  Vie,  above. 

Elixie  of  Hallee.  See  Elixir  Acidum  Halleri,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Elixie  Paregoeic.  See  Tinctura  Campliorse  Composita, 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Elixie  of  Viteiol.  (Mynsiclit's  Elixir.)  See  Acidum 
Sulphuricum  Aromaticum,  Pocket  Formulary.  For  com- 
juon  sale,  druggists  frequently  keep  a  more  ready  and 
economical  preparation,  of  which  the  followmg  is  one 
form  :  Compound  tincture  of  cardamoms  1  lb.,  tincture  of 
cinnamon  3  lbs.,  cinnamon  water  2  lbs. ;  mix,  and  add 
gradually  1^  lb.  of  pure  sulphuric  acid. 

Eevalexta  and  Revalexta.     See  Dietetic  CoiiPorNDS. 

Essences.  Essences  of  flowers  will  be  found  under  Peefxi- 
MEET.  Essence  of  Celery,  and  other  cuUnari/  essences, 
will  be  found,  with  allied  compounds,  in  another  place. 
A  few  concentrated  infusions,  and  other  strong  prepara- 
tions of  drugs,  not  sanctioned  by  the  Colleges,  but  very 
generally  used,  may  be  noticed  here. 

Essence  of  Yellow  Baek.  Resinous  extract  of  bark  ^  oz., 
sulphate  of  quinine  60  grs.,  rectified  spirit  6  oz.,  tincture  of 
orange  peel  2  oz.     See  Ext.  Cinchon.  flav.  Liq.,  B.P. 

Essences  of  Calumba,  Rhubaeb,  Senna.  See  Liquor 
Calumba?,  Rhei,  Sennae — Pocket  Formulary. 

Essence  of  Camphoe.  See  Liquor  Camphora?,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Essence  of  Chaiiomile.  As  a  substitute  for  the  infusion 
it  may  be  made  as  LiQroE  Calcmb^,  P.  F.  See  Cha- 
momile Deops  for  another  preparation  of  this  drug. 

Essence  of  Eegot.  See  Essentia  Secalis  Cornuti,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Essence  of  Gingee.  Unbleached  Jamaica  ginger  in  coarse 
powder  5  oz.,  rectified  spirit  a  ])int ;  digest  for  8  days  and 
strain  with  pressure ;  or  it  may  l>e  made  by  percolation. 
As  there  is  no  established  form,  it  varies  in  strength  as  pre- 
pared by  different  makers,  and  often  contains  Cayenne 
pepper. 

ssence  of  CfBEBS.     Mix  powdered  cubebs  with  ether,  in 


druggists'  nostrums,  etc.  181 

a  Wfll-stopped  bottle ;  in  twelve  hours  put  the  paste  into 
a  percolator,  ami  add  ether  till  the  cubebs  are  nearly  ex- 
hausted ;  distil  off  the  ether  in  a  water-bath,  and  preserve 
it  for  the  same  purpose.  Dissolve  the  extract  which  re- 
mains in  three  times  as  much  brandy.  One  ch-achm  is 
equal  to  2  drachms  of  the  powder.  A*  fluid  extract  is  also 
made  by  concentrating  the  tincture. 

Essences  of  Mint,  Peppermint,  and  Pennyboyal.  The 
strength  of  these  varies  as  prepared  by  different  makers  ; 
some  use  1  part  of  the  essential  oil  to  3  of  rectified 
spirit,  but  more  usually,  we  believe,  1  part  to  7.  They  are 
sometimes  coloured  with  the  leaves  of  the  plant,  or  of  spinach. 

Essence  of  Mustaed.  Rectified  spirit  of  turpentine  16 
fluid  oz.,  bruised  black  mustard  seed  2  oz.,  camphor  4  oz., 
oil  of  rosemary  i  oz.,  annatto  to  colour.  Or,  essential  oil 
of  mustard  1  part,  rectified  s\nr{t  60  parts ;  to  be  sparingly 
sprinkled  on  piline,  and  applied  as  a  mustard  poultice. 

Essence  of  Saesapaeilla.  [See  also  Extractum  Sarza? 
Liquidum,  Liquor  Sarza;,  and  Essentia  Sarsaparilla?,  in 
Pocket  Formulary.  The  latter  is  an  elegant  and  efiicacious 
preparation.]  Jamaica  sarsaparilla  16  oz.,  lukewarm  dis- 
tilled water  (100'^  to  112^  F.)  sufficient  to  cover  it.  Mace- 
rate for  6  hours,  and  strain.  Bi-uise  the  root,  macerate  it 
again  in  sufficient  warm  water,  and  repeat  the  maceration 
with  fresh  water  until  it  ceases  to  be  much  coloured.  After 
straining,  let  the  mixed  liquids  be  imn^ediately  heated  to 
180°  F.,  allowed  to  cool,  and  filtered.  Evaporate  the  whole 
of  the  filtrate  by  a  water  or  steam-bath,  at  a  heat  not 
above  160°,  until  reduced  to  14  or  15  fluid  oimces ;  add  2 
ounces  of  rectified  spirit,  and  keep  it  in  a  close  bottle  in  a 
cool  place  for  a  few  days.  Then  carefully  pour  off  the 
clear  liquid  from  any  sediment  into  a  clean  dry  bottle. 
1  fluid  ounce  represents  1  oz.  of  the  root,  or  8  ounces  of 
the  decoction. 

Compound  Essence  of  Saesapaeilla.  Jamaica  sarsapa- 
rilla 16  oz. ;  proceed  as  above,  but  reserve  the  liquor  of 
the  last  maceration  for  boiling  the  other  ingredients; 
namely,  guaiacum  raspings,  bruised  liquorice  root,  sassa- 
fras, each  2  oz.,  mezereon  f  oz.  Boil  them  in  4  or  more 
pints  of  the  weak  infusion  for  ^  an  hour,  and  strain; 
evaporate  to  4  fluid  ounces ;  let  it  cool,  stirring  it  occa- 


182      PATENT    AND    PROPEIETAET    MEDICINES 

sionally,  and  add  2  oz.  of  rectified  spirit  in  whicli  a  few 
drops  of  oil  of  sassafras  have  been  dissolved.  Evajiorate 
the  sarsaparilla  liquid  to  11  ounces,  and  when  cool  add  the 
other  liquid.  Proceed  as  for  the  former.  One  measure 
with  7  of  water  forms  a  near  approximation  to  the  Phar- 
macopoeia Decoction. 

Essences  (concentrated  infusions)  of  quassia,  cascarilla, 
chiretta,  gentian,  &c.,  may  be  made  as  directed  for  Liquor 
Calumbse,  P.  P.  Take  8  times  the  quantity  of  ingredients 
directed  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  for  one  pint  of  infusion,  and 
infuse  them  in  one  pint  of  boiling  water  for  the  time  pre- 
scribed ;  strain  with  strong  pressure,  and  again  infuse  the 
ingredients  in  nearly  as  much  water  as  the  liquor  obtained 
is  short  of  a  pint.  Strain  again  with  pressure ;  mix  the 
products,  which  will  measure  18  or  19  oz. ;  add  2  oz.  of 
rectified  spirit,  set  aside  for  a  few  days  in  a  well- closed 
bottle,  and  filter.  Some  substances,  as  chiretta,  senna,- 
calumba,  &c.,  yield  their  active  principles  to  cold  water, 
which  some  prefer  in  these  cases ;  but  it  is  then  necessary, 
before  adding  the  spirit,  to  place  the  liquor  (in  a  bottle)  in 
a  water-bath,  and  heat  it  to  180'^  F.,  in  order  to  precipitate 
any  albumen  it  may  contain.  "Wlien  cold,  filter  and  add 
the  spirit.     They  may  also  be  made  by  percolation. 

Vinous  Essences  (by  fermentation).  Dr.  B.  Lane.  See 
Liquores  Vinosi,  Pocket  Pormidary. 

Extracts,  Medicinal.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

ExTEACTS  OF  Flowers.     See  Peefumert,  in  this  volume. 

Extract  of  Malt.  Evaporate  sweet  wort  to  the  consis- 
tence of  treacle.  See  Pocket  Formulary.  It  is  sold  as  a 
cough  medicine. 

Faiethorn's  (Dr.)  Mild  Provisional  Pills.  Sulphate  of 
potash  1  scruple,  extract  of  aloes  2  scruples,  extract  of 
senna  1  scruple,  compovmd  gamboge  pill  50  grs.,  tartarized 
antimony  2  grs.,  compound  powder  of  scammony  12  grs., 
Peruvian  balsam  6  grs. ;  in  30  jjills ;  one,  two,  or  more 
occasionally,  M'hen  required. 

Ford's  Balsam  of  Horehotjnd.  It  contains  the  ingre- 
dients of  paregoric  elixir  with  sq\iills,  honey,  and  a  strong 
infusion  of  horehound  and  liquorice. 

Ford's  Laudanum.  A  tincture  of  opium  containing  cin- 
uaniou  and  cloves. 


DRtJGGiSTs'   NOSTEtJMS,   ETC.  183 

Fothergill's  (Dr.)  Pills.  Diaphoretic  antimony,  aloes, 
scammony,  and  extract  of  colocynth. 

Franks'  Solution.     See  Solution  of  Copaiva. 

Freeman's  Bathing  Spirits.  Mix  water  and  rectified 
spirit,  of  each  3  gallons ;  dissolve  in  them  soft  soap  6  lbs., 
and  camphor  8  oz. ;  add  Daffy's  elixir,  8  oz. 

Fryar's  Balsam.     Compound  tincture  of  Benzoin,  L.  P. 

Gazogene  Powders.     See  Pulveres  Effervescentes,  P.  F. 

Gelee  pour  le  GoiTRE.  See  Liniment.  loduretum  Gela- 
tinosum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Gingerbread,  Purgative.  Flour  14  oz.,  butter  4  oz., 
treacle  8  oz.,  p.  ginger  1^  oz.,  jalap  2  oz.,  caraway  i  oz. 
Mix  the  powders,  then  add  the  butter,  and  lastly  the 
treacle,  previously  warmed.  Roll  out,  and  divide  into 
cakes  of  5  oz.  each,  containing  each  6  or  7  grains  of  jalap. 

Glycerine  Jelly.  Used  as  an  application  to  chaps  and 
roughened  parts  of  the  skin.  It  may  be  made  of  pure 
glycerine  thickened  with  tragacanth  powder,  and  scented 
with  otto  of  roses.  An  imitation  may  be  prepared  in  the 
following  manner  (Pharm.  Journal)  :  Mix  good  soft  soap 
^  dr.  intimately  ■^^^th  purified  honey  2  drs.,  gradually  add 
pale  olive  oil  5  oz.,  stirring  without  intermission  iintil  all 
is  taken  up.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  mix  in  the  oil  too 
fast.     Finally,  perfume  as  desired. 

Glycerine  Paste.  A  stiff  glutinous  compound,  recom- 
mended by  Dr.  Tilt  as  a  basis  of  plaster.  It  is  made  by 
boiling  100  or  150  grains  of  common  starch  in  1  oz.  of 
glycerine.     See  Plasma,  and  Glycerinum  Amyli,  B.  P. 

Godbold's  Vegetable  Balsam.  An  acidulated  syrup,  or 
oxymel,  of  various  herbs.  The  following  is  an  imitation  : 
Dissolve  by  heat  1  lb.  of  lump  sugar  in  white  wine  vinegar 
1  quart,  in  which  3  oz.  of  garlic  have  been  steeped  for  3 
days ;  add  tincture  of  Tolu  2  drs. 

Godfrey's  Cordial.  The  active  ingredient  is  opium,  and  there 
is  a  great  diversity  in  the  strength  of  the  compound  as  pre- 
pared by  different  makers.  Many  accidents  have  arisen  from 
its  too  general  use  as  a  stupef  active  for  infants,  but  we  believe 
its  sale  is  now  much  less  encouraged  by  druggists  than  for- 
merly. The  following  are  some  of  the  more  usual  formulae. 
1.  Heat  together  7  lbs.  (avoird.)  of  treacle,  and  8  lbs,  of 


181      PATENT   ASB   PROPRIETAET   MEDICINES 

water  till  united ;  when  nearly  cold  add  the  following  : 
rectified  spirit  6  fluid  ounces,  oil  of  sassafras  40  minims, 
oil  of  aniseed  10  drops,  laudanum  4  oz.  Mix  and  make 
up  the  weight  if  necessary  to  15  lbs.  It  contains  ratlicr 
more  than  9  minims  (equal,  according  to  some  authorities, 
to  16  or  18  drops)  of  laudanum  in  each  fluid  ounce. 

2.  Treacle  3^  lbs.,  water  6  lbs.,  spirit  of  wine  8  fluid 
ounces,  laudanum  4  fluid  ounces,  oils  of  aniseed,  sassafras, 
and  caraway,  of  each  ^  dr.  Mix.  Contains  12  or  14 
minims  of  laudanum  in  an  ounce. 

3.  Sliced  sassafras  2  oz.,  opium  cut  small  1  oz.,  bruised 
aniseed  8  oz.,  boiling  water  a  gallon.  Infuse,  strain,  and 
make  the  infusion  into  a  syrup  with  14  lbs.  of  treacle.  If 
the  whole  of  the  active  principles  of  the  opium  are  ex- 
tracted, this  is  much  stronger  than  the  preceding. 

4.  Blake  a  syrup  with  3  lbs.  (avoird.)  each  of  treacle  and 
coarse  sugar,  and  water  sufl3cient  to  make  up  a  gallon. 
Dissolve  24  drops  of  oil  of  sassafras,  and  16  of  oil  of  ani- 
seed, in  3  fluid  ounces  of  spirit  of  wine  ;  add  10  fluid 
drachms  of  tincture  of  opium,  and  mix  the  whole  with  8 
pints,  o.  m.,  of  the  .syrup.  This  is  weaker  than  either  of 
tlie  preceding,  containing  only  5  minims  of  laudanum  in 
a  fluid  ounce,  or  1  drop  in  a  drachm. 

5.  The  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  to  prevent 
the  mischief  arising  from  the  varying  strength  of  this 
compound,  directs  it  to  be  prepared  as  follows :  Dissolve 
2i  oz.  of  carbonate  of  potash  in  26  pints  of  water,  add  16 
pints  of  treacle;  heat  together  over  a  gentle  fire  till  they 
simmer,  remove  the  scum,  and,  when  sufloiciently  cool,  add 
•J  oz.  of  oil  of  sassafras  dissolved  in  2  pints  of  rectified 
spirit,  and  24  fluid  ounces  of  tincture  of  opium,  previously 
mixed.  The  old  wine  measure  is  here  intended.  It  con- 
tains about  16  minims  of  laudanum,  or  rather  more  than 
1  grain  of  opium  in  each  fluid  ounce. 

6.  Sassafras  9  oz.,  seeds  of  coriander,  caraway,  and  anise, 
of  each  1  oz. ;  infuse  in  6  pints  of  water,  simmer  the  mix- 
ture till  reduced  to  4  pints  ;  then  add  6  lbs.  of  treacle,  boil 
the  whole  for  a  few  minutes,  and  when  cold,  add  3  fluid 
ounces  of  tincture  of  opium.  Nearly  the  strength  of  No. 
1. — Dr.  Paeis. 

[Tliese  forms  are  inserted  rather  with  a  view  to  show 


i)RtrGGtSTS'   i^'OSTEUMS,   ETC.  185 

the  dangerous  nature  of  this  compound  than  to  encourage 
its  use.  No  terms  are  sufficiently  strong  to  express  tlie 
culpal)ility  of  those  who  would  place  in  the  hands  of 
ignorant  persons,  for  administration  to  infants  and  chil- 
dren, compounds  containing  opium.] 

Godfrey's  Smellixg  Salts.  Sesquicarbonate  of  ammonia 
resublimed  with  pearlash,  and  a  little  spirit. — Dr.  Paris. 

Golden  Spirit  of  Scurvy  Grass.  It  is  said  to  be  coloured 
with  gamboge. 

Golden  Ointment.  Singleton's  ointment,  q.  v.  The  oint- 
ment of  nitric  o.xide  of  mercury  is  also  called,  golden 
ointment. 

Goulard's  Extract  of  Lead.  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis, 
P.  B. 

Gout  Paper.     See  Charta  Antirheumatica,  P.  P. 

Granville's  (Dr.)  Counter-irritant  Lotions.  See  Lini- 
ment. Ammonise  Compositum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Graves'  (Ur.)  Gout  Preventive.  Orange  peel  2  oz., 
rhubarb  1  oz.,  hiera  picra  2  oz.,  brandy  a  quart.  Digest 
for  a  week. 

Gregory's  Powder.  Calcined  magnesia  2i  oz.,  powdered 
Turkey  rhubarb  1  oz.,  powdered  ginger  ^  oz.  Mix.  The 
above  is  Dr.  Gregory's  formula.  Some  recipes  add  pow- 
dered chamomile.  Rhubarb  1  oz.,  ginger  \  oz.,  p.  cha- 
momile I  oz.,  magnesia  2  oz.  Mix.  Some  druggists  pre- 
pare it  with  the  heavy  carbonates  of  magnesia,  instead  of 
the  calcined.     See  Pulvis  Rhei  Compositus,  B.  P. 

Greenough's  Tincture.     See  Tooth  Cosmetics. 

Griffin's  Tincture,  for  coughs.  Oil  of  caraway  and  anise, 
each  2  drs.,  saffron  \  oz.,  benzoic  acid  |  oz.,  ojuum  5  drs., 
camphor  i  oz.,  spirit  6  oz.,  honey  6  oz.  WHien  mixed  and 
dissolved,  colour  with  burnt  sugar. 

Griffith's  Mixture.  This  is  Mistnra  Ferri  Composita  of 
the  Brit.  Pharmacopoeia. 

Grinrod's  (Dr.)  Remedy  for  Spasms.  Sulphuric  ether, 
aromatic  spirit  of  annuonia,  of  each  |  oz. ;  acetate  of  mor- 
phia i  gr.,  camphor  mixture  2  oz.  Mix.  A  teaspoonful 
in  a  little  water  when  required. 

GuESTONiAN  Embrocation.  Oil  of  turpentine  1^  oz.,  olive  oil 
1^  oz.,  dilute  sulphuric  acid  3  fluid  drachms.— Dr.  Paris. 


186      PATENT   AND   PROPRIETARY   MEDICINES 

Guthrie's  Black  Ointment.  10  grains  of  nitrate  of  silver, 
with  1  di'.  of  spermaceti  ointment,  and  10  drops  of  a  solu- 
tion of  acetiite  of  lead. 

Guthrie's  Eye  Ointment.  A  weaker  preparation  of  the 
same  kind ;  used  in  ophthalmia,  but  caiises  great  pain. 
See  Ung.  Hyd.  Nit.,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Halford's  (Sir  H.)  Gout  Pills.  Acetic  extract  of  colchi- 
cum  2\  grs.,  Dover's  powder  1^  gr.,  compound  extract  of 
colocynth  1^  gr.,  in  each  pill.     One  for  a  dose. 

HAERoaATE  Salts  (Dr.  Duffin's).  Sulphate  of  magnesia 
2  drs.,  bitartrate  of  potash  10  grs.,  sal  polychrest  (potassse 
suli^has  cum  sulphure.  Ph.  Ed.)  \  dr. ;  in  a  pint  of  warm 
water.  For  another  formula  see  Mineral  Waters  (fac- 
titious) and  salts  for  producing  them,  below. 

Helvetius'  Styptic.  Melt  together  equal  parts  of  alum 
and  dragon's  blood ;  when  cold,  powder  the  compound. 

Henry's  Magnesia.  A  solution  of  Epsom  salts  is  precipi- 
tated by  one  of  carbonate  of  potash  in  the  cold ;  the  pre- 
cipitate is  M'ell  washed,  rose  water  being  used  for  the  last 
washing ;  it  is  then  made  up  while  drying  into  large  or 
small  cubes.     See  Magnes.  Carbonas  levis,  B.  P. 

Hill's  Balsam  of  Honey.  Balsam  of  Tolu  2  oz.,  styrax 
2  drs.,  opium  \  dr.,  honey  8  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  32  fluid 
ounces. 

Hoffman's  Pills  contain  corrosive  sublimate,  about  ^th  of 
a  grain  in  each.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Houlton's  Laudanum.  Opium  2\  oz.,  distilled  vinegar  32 
fluid  oz. ;  macerate  6  days  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  filter. 
Evaporate  to  an  extract.  Dissolve  this  in  5  fluid  oz.  of 
rectified  spirit,  and  35  fluid  ounces  of  distilled  water. 

Hooper's  Female  Pills.  These,  according  to  Dr.  Paris, 
consist  of  RUFUs'  Pill,  sulphate  of  iron,  canella,  and  a 
portion  of  ivory-black.     Mr.  Gray  gives  two  formula? : 

1.  Sulijhate  of  iron  8  oz.,  water  8  oz. ;  dissolve  and  add 
Barbadoes  aloes  40  oz.,  canella  6  oz.,  myrrh  2  oz.,  opo- 
ponax  -2'  oz.     Makes  a  mass. 

2.  Sulphate  of  iron  2  oz.,  powder  of  aloes  with  canella 
16  oz.,  mucilage  of  tragacanth  and  tincture  of  aloes  q.  s. 
to  form  a  mass.  Divide  60  grains  into  18  pills.  Ac- 
cording to  a  recent  analysis,  the  iron  is  in  a  peroxidized 
state ;  probably  the  sulphate  is  partially  calcined. 


DEUGGISTS'   NOSTRUMS,    ETC.  187 

The  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  gives  the  follow- 
lug  formula  : 

3.  Barbadoes  aloes  8  oz.,  dried  sulphate  of  iron  2  oz.  and 
li  dr.,  extract  of  black  hellebore  2  oz.,  myrrh  and  soap 
each  2  oz.,  canella  1  oz.,  ginger  1  oz.,  water  q.  s.  to  form  a 
mass.     Divide  into  pills  of  2^  grs.  each. 

Hooping  Cough;  popular  remedies  for.  1.  Cochineal  and 
salt  of  tartar  mixture.  This  appears  to  have  been  first 
introduced  by  Dr.  Lobb,  in  1765,  and  is  still  a  favourite 
domestic  remedy.  Salt  of  wormwood  (subcarbonate  (car- 
bonate) of  potash)  20  grs.,  powdered  cochineal  10  grs.,  hot 
water  i  of  a  pint ;  triturate  together,  strain  and  sweeten 
with  white  sugar  (or  sugar  candy).  Dose,  a  teaspoouful  to 
a  tablespoonful,  according  to  the  age. 

2.  Fumigating  poivders.  Styrax  calamita  and  gum 
benzoin,  of  each  a  scruple,  placed  on  hot  cinders  or  a 
heated  shovel,  in  the  patient's  room,  every  day. 

Husham's  Tincture  of  Baek.  The  Compound  Tinctiire 
of  Bark  of  the  London  Pharmacopceia  is  precisely  that  of 
HuxHAM,  except  that  he  used  brandy  instead  of  iiroof 
spirit. 

Issue  Peas.  Those  in  general  use  are  unripe  oranges 
(orange  berries)  turned  in  a  lathe.  The  unturned  berries 
are  also  used.  Peas  are  also  turned  from  orris  root. 
Niemann  give  the  following  composition  for  issue  peas : — 
Yellow  wax  IJ.  oz.,  powdered  turmeric  1  oz.,  powdered  orris 
i  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  q.  s.  Tliese  are  more  stimulating, 
and  are  used  to  increase  the  discharge.  Tlie  following,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Gray,  will  open  an  issue  itself :  yellow  wax 
6  oz.,  verdigis  2  oz.,  white  hellebore  2  oz.,  oantharides 
1  oz.,  orris  1|  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  q.  s. 

James's  Powder.  It  is  not  kno-mi  in  what  respect  the 
mode  of  preparing  this  powder  differs  from  the  Pharma- 
copceia process  for  antimonial  powder.  Dr.  James's 
specification  is  vague  and  impracticable. 

James's  Analeptic  Pills.  Equal  parts  of  James's  powder, 
RuFUs'  pill,  and  gum  guaiacum,  made  into  pills  with 
tincture  of  castor.  Dr.  Paris  has  ammoniacum  in  the 
place  of  guaiacum.  Another  formula  is :  compound  iiowder 
of  aloes,  aloes  and  myrrh  pill,  and  James's  powder,  in 


188   PATENT  AND  PEOPEIETAET  MEDICINES 

equal  quantities,  formed  into  pills  with  tincture  of  castor 
and  sjrup. 

Jaeave,  Spanish.     See  Ceri\'isia  Sarzaj,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Jesuits'  Drops.  Walker's.  Balsam  of  capivi  6  oz.,  gum 
guaiacum  1  oz.,  Cliio  turpentine  5  oz.,  subcarbonate  of 
potash  i  oz.,  cochineal  1  dr.,  rectified  sjnrit  1  quart.  See 
also  Elixir  Antiveuereum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Kennedy's  Corn  Plaster.  Yellow  wax  1  lb.,  A%iice 
turpentine  2  oz.,  verdigris  1  oz.,  melted  together,  and 
spread  on  leather. 

Ketsek's  Pills.  Acetate  of  mercury,  manna,  gum  arable, 
of  each  1  scruple,  rose  water  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass,  for  80 
pills. 

King's  Coedial.  Dissolve  in  ^  pint  of  proof  spirit  1|  dr. 
each  of  the  oils  of  caraway  and  cinuamon ;  extract  the 
stones  from  3  lbs.  of  black  cherries,  and  mash  the  fruit  in  a 
pan ;  grate  one  nutmeg ;  take  2  quarts  of  Madeira  wine, 
2  quarts  of  brandy,  and  1  gallon  of  syrup ;  mix  all  toge- 
ther, and  colour  with  red  sanders  wood. 

Kirkland's  Neutral  Ointment  and  Cerate.  See  Ung- 
ueutum  Plumbi  Compo.situm  and  Ceratvim  Neutrale,  P.  F. 

Kitchinee's  (Dr.)  Peristaltic  Persuaders.  Turkey 
rhubarb  in  powder  2  drs.,  oil  of  caraway  10  drops,  simple 
syrup  1  dr.  by  weight ;  mix,  and  divide  into  40  pills. 
Dose,  2,  3,  or  more.  "  From  2  to  4  will  generally  produce 
one  additional  motion  within  12  hours.  The  best  time  to 
take  them  is  early  in  the  morning." 

Lamplough's  Pyretic  Saline.  Mr.  Bannistee,  of  the 
Somerset  House  Laboratory,  analysed  a  sample  of  the 
preparation  knowni  under  this  name,  and  foinid  it  to 
contain  45*7  per  cent,  of  tartaric  acid,  52'4  per  cent,  of 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  1"9  per  cent,  of  chlorate  of  potash. 

Lartigue's  Gout  Pills.  Compound  extract  of  colocynth 
20grs.,  extract  of  colchicum  60grs.,  extract  of  opium  1  gr.j 
mix,  and  divide  into  18  pills.  Dose,  one  or  more,  accord- 
ing to  their  purgative  effect. 

Ledoyen's  Disinfecting  Fluid.  It  consists  of  about  20 
oz.  of  nitrate  of  lead  in  a  gallon  of  water.  Its  specitic 
gravity  should  be  1'40. 

Leech-bites,  Astringent  por.  Dissolve  1  part  of  crystal- 
lized perchloride  of  iron  in  6  parts  of  collodion  very  gra- 


DEUGGISTS'   NOSTRUMS,    ETC.  189 

dually.     A  drop  or  two  of  the  product  forms  an  admirable 
ha'mostatic.  [French  Journal.]  Dry  maticho  leaves,  rubbed 
to  powder  between  the  fingers,  will  be  found  an  excellent 
styptic  for  this  purpose. 
Lee's    Wyndham's    Pills.      Gamboge   3  oz.,  aloes   2  oz., 
Castile  soap  1  oz.,  nitre  i  oz.,  extract  of  cow-parsnip  1  oz. 
In  pills  of  5  grs.  each.     [Amer.  Journ.  of  Pharmacy.] 
Lee's  Antibilious  Pills.     Aloes  12  oz.,  scammony  6  oz., 
gamboge  4  oz.,  jalap  3  oz.,  calomel  5  oz.,  soap  1  oz.,  syrup 
of  buckthorn  1  oz.,  mucilage  7  oz. ;  mix,  and  divide  into 
5-grain  pills. 
Leroy's  Puegatite.  12  3 

Scammony 12  drs.         16  drs.         24  drs. 

Vegetable  tiirbith...     6  drs.  8  drs.         12  drs. 

Jalap 6  oz.  8  oz.  12  oz. 

Brandy  10  pints  imperial. 

Digest  for  12  hours,  strain,  and  add  the  following  syrup : 

Senna 6  oz.  8  oz.  12  oz. 

Water 24  oz.  32  oz.  48  oz. 

Infuse,  strain  with  pressure,  and  add  — 

Brown  sugar 32  oz.  36  oz.  48  oz. 

Make  a  syrup. 

No.  4  is  stronger  than  the  above. 
Lejeuxe's  Balsam  foe  Chilblains.     Camphor  1  dr.,  tinc- 
ture of  benzoin  5  drs. ;  dissolve,  and  add  iodide  of  potassium 
5  drs.,  extract  of  lead  10  grs.,  spirit  of  wine  reduced  to  proof 
with  rose  water  2^  oz. ;  dissolve  10  drs.  of  white  soap  in 
2^  oz.  of  the  same  diluted  spirit  by  a  gentle  beat,  mix  the 
solutions  whilst  still  warm,  and  add  any  perfume.     Let  it 
cool  in  wide-mouthed  bottles,  and  cork. 
Liebeet's  Cosmetic.      For  chapped  nipples.     Dissolve    10 
grains  of  nitrate  of  lead  in  1  oz.  of  water.     A  pair  of  fine 
lead  shields  accompany  the  lotion,  to  be  worn  after  apply- 
ing it.     The  nipples  must  be  carefully  washed  before  the 
child  is  put  to  the  breast. 
Ligxum's  Anti-scoebutic  Drops.     These  contain  bichloride 
of  mercury,  and  should  not,  therefore,  be  used  without  great 
caution. 
LiQUETiE  Doeee.      Peruvian  bark,  bitter  orange  peel,  and 
cinnamon,  of  each  4  drs.,  saffron  2  drs.,  brandy  4   quarts, 
Malaga  wine  2  quarts ;  digest  for  4  days,  strain,  and  add 


190      PATETTT   AND    PEOPEIETART   MEDICINES 

2^  lbs.  of  sugar.  [^Liqueurs  wliicli  are  not  medicated,  but 
are  merely  alcoholic  drams,  do  not  come  within  the  plan  of 
this  work.] 

Liquid  Blister.  Powdered  cautharides  5  oz.,  and  sul- 
phuric ether  15  ounces. — Toynbee. 

Liston's  Isinglass  Plaster.  Soak  1  oz.  of  isinglass  in 
2  oz.  of  water,  and  dissolve  it  in  2  oz.  of  rectified  spirit 
and  li  oz.  of  water,  by  the  heat  of  a  water-bath.  Brush 
it  over  the  surface  of  oiled  silk,  properly  stretched.  An 
improved  kind  is  made  by  brushing  one  side  of  the  peri- 
toneal membrane  of  the  cfEcum  of  the  ox  (prepared  in  the 
same  manner  as  gold-beater's  skin)  with  the  same  solution, 
and  the  other  side  with  drying  oil. 

Locatelli's  Balsam.  Melt  together  4  oz.  of  yellow  wax, 
1  lb.  of  common  oil,  and  1  lb.  of  Venice  tm-pentine, 
placing  with  them  4  oz.  of  alltanet  root  wrapped  in  a 
linen  bag. 

Locock's  Wafers.  These  owe  most  of  their  activity  to 
Morphia.     They  should,  therefore,  be  used  with  caution. 

Long's  (St.  John)  Liniment.  See  Linimentum  Terebin- 
thino3  Aceticum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Lozenges.  See  Ching's  Lozenges,  Dawson's,  Daecet's. 
The  medicated  Lozenges  which  are  sanctioned  by  dif- 
ferent Phamacopceias,  and  employed  in  practice,  will  be 
found  under  Trochisci  and  Pasta,  in  the  Pocket  Formulary. 
A  few  other  formulae  are  here  added  : 

Absorbent  Lozenges.  Precipitated  chalk  3  oz.,  hea^^  carbo- 
nate of  magnesia,  2  oz.,  nutmeg  in  fine  powder  1  dr.,  sugar 
12  oz.,  powdered  gum  1  oz.,  water  q.  s.  to  form  a  stiff  paste, 
which  divide  by  a  punch  into  lozenges  of  the  usual  size, 
and  dry  them  gradually  in  a  warm  room. 

Aperient  Lozenges.  Calomel  60  grs.,  pure  scammony  80 
grs.,  jalap  40  grs.  (or  jalapine  4  grs.),  ginger  8  grs.,  cin- 
namon 4  grs.,  mucilage  of  tragacanth  q.  s.  to  form  a  stifE 
paste ;  mix  the  other  powders  accurately  together,  then 
with  the  sugar,  lastly  add  the  mucilage,  beat  the  whole 
into  a  uniform  mass,  and  divide  it  into  _  40  equal  lozenges. 
Each  contains  1^  gr.  calomel,  2  of  scammony,  and  1  of 
jalap. 

BlacJc  Currant  Paste.  Soften  12  lbs.  of  picked  black  ciu'- 
rants   by   heating   them   in   a   water-l^ath   in   a    covered 


druggists'   TfOSTETTMS,   ETC.  191 

earthen  vessel,  pulp  through  a  hair  sieve,  and  e^'aporate 
to  a  paste,  incorporating  with  it  1  lb.  powdered  sugar ; 
roll  it  out  into  a  sheet  of  proper  thickness.  Mr.  Baetlett 
gives  the  following  formula :  3  lbs.  of  powdered  sugar,  3 
lbs.  of  extract  of    black  currants   (the  inspissated  juice), 

1  oz.  of  tartaric  acid,  6  oz.  of  powdered  gum ;  mixed, 
rolled  out,  and  cut,  when  dry,  with  a  large  pair  of  scissors 
into  square  pieces. 

Black  Currant  and  Ipecacuanha  Lozenges.  Black  cun'ant 
paste  (as  above)  8  oz.,  ipecacuanha  30  grs.,  tragacanth  90 
grs. ;  in  240  lozenges. 

Cough  Lozenges  {with  Lactucarium).    Powdered  lactucarium 

2  drs.,  extract  of  liquorice  root  12  drs.,  ipecacuanha  30 
grs.,  powdered  squill  15  grs.,  refined  sugar  6  oz.,  mucilage 
of  tragacanth  q.  s.,  mix,  and  divide  into  240  equal 
lozenges.  Each  contains  ^  gr.  lactucarium,  ^  gr.  of  ipeca- 
cuanha, -Jg-  gr.  of  squill. 

For  other  Cough  Lozenges,  see  Trochisci  Anticatar- 
rhales,  Glycyrrhizse  et  Opii,  Lactucse,  Morphise  et  Ipecac, 
Opii,  Papaveris,  Scillaj,  Tolutani,  &c..  Pocket  Formulary. 

Digestive  or  Live-long  Candy.  1.  Powdered  rhubarb,  60 
grs.,  heavy  magnesia  1  oz.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  1  dr.  finely- 
powdered  ginger  20  grs.,  cinnamon  powder  15  grs.,  pow- 
dered white  sugar  2  oz.,  mucilage  of  tragacanth  q.  s. ;  beat 
together,  and  divide  into  parallelograms  of  20  grs.  each. 

2.  Caraioay  Candy.  Rhubarb  60  grs.,  powdered  cara- 
ways 60  grs.,  oil  of  caraway  10  drops,  ginger  and  cinna- 
mon, each  15  grs.  magnesia  6  drs.,  carbonate  of  soda  1  dr., 
sugar  2  oz.,  mucilage  q.  s. — as  the  last. 

Edinburgh  Lozenges.  Extract  of  poppies  2  oz.,  powdered 
sugar  8  oz.,  powdered  tragacanth  4  oz.,  water  q.  s. 

Fruit  Lozenges.  Black  currant  paste  8  oz.,  red  currant 
paste  (or  the  juice  evaporated  to  a  paste)  4  oz.,  syrup  of 
raspberries  4  oz.,  soften  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  beat  in  a 
warm  mortar  with  2  lbs.  of  powdered  sugar,  and  a  drachm 
of  powdered  citric  acid,  and,  if  required,  a  little  mucilage 
of  gmn  tragacanth."^ 

Marshmallow  Lozenges.  Marshmallow  root  powdered  2  oz., 
sugar  14  oz.,  mixed  with  some  mucilage  of  tragacanth, 
and  orange-flower  water. 

Peppermint  Lozenges.     Rub  together  white  sugar  6  oz.,  oil 


192      PATENT   AND    PEOPEIETAET    MUDICINES 

of  peppermint   36   drops,   and   the   whites  of  two  eggs. 
Make  into  lozenges.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 
Ltnch's  Embhocation.     Olive  oil   coloured   with  alkanet, 
perfumed,  and  rendered  stimulating  by  essential  oils. 

Madden's  Essence.   A  strongly  acidulated  infusion  of  roses. 

Mahomed's  Electtjaet.  Grocer's  currants  1  oz.,  powdered 
senna  i  oz.,  powdered  ginger  30  grs.,  oil  of  croton  1  drop, 
syrup  of  roses  sufficient  to  make  an  electuary;  two  tea- 
spoonsful  every  morning. — Bateman. 

Maht's  Plaster  (American).  Boil  12  oz.  of  white  lead, 
32  fluid  oiuiccs  of  olive  oil,  and  a  little  water,  stirring 
constantly  until  incorporated.  Add  yellow  wax  4  oz., 
lead  plaster  18  oz.,  and  when  these  are  melted  stir  in  9  oz. 
of  powdered  orris. 

Maredant's  Norton's  Drops.  Corrosive  sublimate,  gen- 
tian, ginger,  and  cochineal. 

Marshall's  Cerate.  Palm  oil  5  oz.,  calomel  1  oz.,  acetate 
of  lead  5  oz.,  ointment  of  nitrate  of  mercury  2  oz. ;  mix. — 
Dr.  Paris. 

Marshall's  Eye-drops.  These  are  said  to  consist  of  2  grs. 
of  nitrate  of  silver  in  1  oz.  of  decoction  of  snails. 

Marsden's  Antiscorbutic  Drops,  Morton's,  Perry's,  Lig- 
num's,  and  other  antiscorbutic  drops,  contain  corrosive 
sublimate. — Dr.  Paris. 

Magnesia  Fluid.  A  solution  of  cai-bonate  of  magnesia  in 
water  by  means  of  carbonic  acid  gas,  forced  into  it  by 
pressure.  Murray's  and  Dinneford's  should  contain 
from  12  to  15  grs.  of  the  carbonate  in  each  fluid  oz.  See 
Liquor  Magnesise  Carbonatis,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Mathiec's  Vermifuge.  Tin  filings  1  oz.,  fern  root  f  oz., 
worm  seed  |  oz.,  resinous  extract  of  jalap  1  dr.,  sulphate 
of  potash  1  dr.,  honey  to  form  an  electuary.  A  teaspoon- 
ful  every  3  hours  for  2  days ;  then  substitute  the  following 
— jalap  2  scruples,  sulphate  of  potash  2  scruples,  scam- 
mony  1  scruple,  gamboge  10  grs. ;  made  into  an  electuary 
with  honey,  and  given  in  the  same  dose. 

Mineral  Waters  (Factitious),  and  Salts  for  prodttcinq- 
THEM.     See  further  on. 

Montein's  Barege  Balls  (for  Sulphur  Baths).  Sulphate 
of  lime  8  oz.,  common  salt  2  oz.,  Flanders  glue  1  oz.,  ex- 


l)llITG(arSTs'   NOSTRUMS,   EJTd,  103 

tract  of  soapwort  1  oz. ;  make  into  8  balls ;  to  be  kept 
from  the  air.  M.  Mexiere  recommends,  extract  of  soap- 
wort  ^  oz.,  water  6  oz.,  lime  in  powder  4  oz.,  sulphnr 
3  oz.,  gelatine  1  oz. ;  dissolve  the  extract  and  gelatine  in 
the  water,  add  the  lime  and  sulphur,  heat  gently,  stirring 
it  constantly,  till  the  mass  gets  detached  from  the  sides  of 
the  vessel ;  then  form  it  into  balls  of  1^  oz.  each. 

MOEPHIA  COLLODiox.  One  part  of  hydrochlorate  of  mor- 
phia to  30  parts  of  flexible  collodion.  Applied  with  a 
camel's-hair  brush,  ybr  neuralgic  pains. 

Moeeison's  Pills.  No.  1,  consists  of  equal  parts  of  aloes  and 
cream  of  tartar ;  No.  2,  consists  of  2  parts  of  gamboge  3  of 
aloes,  1  of  colocynth,  and  4  of  cream  of  tartar,— made  into 
pills  with  syrup. 

MoEEisoNs'  Adhesive  Paste,  for  ring-worm.  See  Pasta 
Adhesiva,  '  Pocket  Formulary.' 

Moseley's  Pills.  Turkey  rhubarb  60  grs.,  Jamaica  ginger 
24  grs.,  syrup  and  tincture  of  rhubarb  q.  s.  to  form  a  mass, 
to  be  divided  into  24  pills. 

Moxon's  Effeevescing  Magnesian  Apeeient.  The  fol- 
lowing have  been  proposed  as  imitations  : 

1.  Heavy  carbonate  of  magnesia  2  lbs.,  bicarbonate  of 
soda  1  lb.,  tartaric  acid  1^  lbs.,  refined  sugar  -\  lb.,  essence 
of  lemon  40  minims;  the  powders  to  be  all  separately 
dried  at  a  moderate  temperature. 

2.  Sulphate  of  magnesia  1  lb.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  1  lb., 
tartaric  acid  \  lb. ;  the  ingredients  to  be  well  dried  sepa- 
rately, at  a  moderate  temperature.  ('  Pharmaceutical 
Journal.') 

3.  Carbonate  of  magnesia  1  lb.,  sulphate  of  magnesia 
2  lbs.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  2  lbs.,  potassio-tartrate  of  soda 

2  lbs.,  tartaric  acid  2  lbs. ;  to  be  separately  dried,  and  mixed. 

— M.  DUEANDE. 

MuNEo's  Cough  Medicine.     4  drs.  of  paregoric  with  2  drs. 

of  sulphuric  ether,  and   2  drachms  of  tincture    of  Tolu. 

Dose,  a  teaspoonful  in  some  warm  water. 
Mueeat's  (Sir  J.)  Fluid  Camphor.     Each  ounce  contains 

3  grs.  of  camplior  and  6  grs.  of  carbonate  of  magnesia,  dis- 
solved by  carbonic  acid,  and  by  pressure. 

Murray's  Gout  Specific.     It  contains  iodide  of  potassium, 

13 


194      PATENT    AND    PEOPEIETABY    MEDICINES 

sulphate  of  magnesia,  and  an  aromatic  tincture.  ('  Pharm. 
Joui'nal.') 

Mtjstaed  Leaves.     See  EigoUot's  Mustard  Leaves. 

MusTAED  Tissue.     See  Sinaiiine  Tissue. 

Nepenthe.  Supposed  to  be  a  watery  solution  of  opium, 
resembling  Battley's.  See  Extractum  Opii  Liquidum,  and 
Liquor  Opii  Sedati\'us,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Neuealine.  An  anodyne  application,  for  external  use  only. 
It  is  said  to  contain  aconite. 

NoERis's  Deops.  a  solution  of  tartarized  antimony,  with 
a  tinctm'e  of  some  vegetable  substances,  not  ascertained. 

Noufflece's  (Madame)  Woem  Medicine.  Powdered  fern 
root  3  drs.,  to  be  given  in  the  morning  (the  patient  being 
prepared  by  an  emollient  clyster,  and  a  supper  of  panada) ; 
followed  in  2  hours  by  a  bolus  of  calomel,  scammony,  and 
gamboge. 

Olliviee's  BiscriTS.  Beat  up  the  whites  of  2  eggs  with 
16  oz.  of  water,  add  a  solution  of  76  grs.  of  corrosive  sub- 
limate ;  collect,  wash,  and  dry  the  precipitate,  l-7tli  of  a 
gr.  of  which  is  contained  in  each  biscuit  of  2  drs. 

Opodeidoc.     Lin.  Saponis. 

Oemskiek  'Me-dici'SE,  to  prevent  hydrophobia.     Elecampane 

1  dr.,  chalk  4  drs.,  Ai-menian  bole,  3  drs.,  alum  10  grains, 
oil  of  aniseed  5  drops. 

Paeamoud.     See  Dietetic  Compounds. 

Palmee's  Aeeated  Chalybeate.  Mix  1^  parts  of  acetic 
acid  with  40  of  water,  add  4  of  proto-sulphate  of  iron,  and 
20  of  syi'up.     Put  into  4-ounce  bottles,  for  No.  1  and  No. 

2  respectively,  as  much  of  the  above  as  contains  2  and 
4  grs.  of  sulphate  of  iron,  and  fill  the  bottles  with  a  solu- 
tion of  carbonate  of  soda  or  of  potash  strongly  charged 
with  carbonic  acid  gas.  Tartaric  acid  may  be  substituted 
for  acetic. 

Papiee  Epispastiqtje  d'Albespetees.  The  Pommade 
Epispastique  of  the  French  codex,  spread  on  waxed  paper. 
See  tjnguentum  Epispasticum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Papiee  Epispastique  de  Vee.  This  is  of  three  strengths, 
distinguished  by  the  colours  white,  green,  and  red.  The 
composition  is  made  by  boiling  cantharides  for  an  hour 
with  water,  and  lard,  green  ointment,  or  lard  coloured 
with  alkanet ;  adding  white  wax  to  the  strained  fats,  and 


DRUaGISTS'    NOSTETTMS,   ETC.  195 

spreading  on  paper,  silk,  or  linen.  No.  1  is  made  with 
10  oz.  of  cantliarides  to  4  lbs.  of  lard ;  No.  2,  of  1  lb.  of 
Hies  to  8  lbs.  of  green  ointment;  and  No.  3,  of  1^  lbs.  to 
8  lbs.  of  coloured  lard ;  and  to  each  are  added  2  lbs.  of 
white  wax. — Doevault.  See  BLisxERiNa  Papbe. 
Papiee  Pataed.  Gout  Paper.  Euphorbinm  3  drs.  can- 
tliarides 6  drs.,  powdered  and  digested  with  4  oz.  alcohol : 
and  3  drs.  Venice  turpentine  added  to  the  strained  tincture. 
Fine  paper  is  dipped  into  it  and  dried  in  the  air.  Mohe 
directs  4  drs.  of  cantliarides  and  1  dr.  euphorbimu  to  be 
digested  in  5  oz.  of  highly  rectified  spirit ;  filter  and  add 
\\  oz.  Venice  turpentine  pre^dously  liquefied  with  2  oz.  of 
resin.  To  be  spread  on  the  paper  while  warm. 
Pelletiee's  .Stheeeal  Opodeldoc.     See  Balsamum  Aceti- 

cum  Camphoratum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Persian    Insect    Powdee.     This  is  said  to  be  the  dried 

flowers  of  the  Pyrethrum  rosewm,  or  red  flowered  Pyretli- 

'  rum  reduced  to  powder.     The  flowers  of  the  Pyrethrum 

caucasicum  are  also  stated  to  be  used  for  the  same  purpose. 

Peter's  Pius.     Aloes,  jalap,  gamboge,  and  seammony,  of 

each  2  drs. ;  calomel  1  dr. 
Piles,  popular  remedies  for.  Dr.  Waedlewoeth's  Pills 
contain  3^  grs.  of  pitch  in  each;  2  every  night.  For 
Electttaeies  for  piles  see  Conf.  Senna,  B.  P.,  Confectio 
Kesinse  B-  P.,  Confectio  Sulphuris,  Electuarium  Hsemor- 
rhoidale,  all  in  Pocket  Formulary.  See  also  Waed's  Paste, 
below.  For  Pile  Ointments,  see  Ungueutum  Galla^ 
Unguentum  Gallae  cum  Opio,  Unguentum  Haemorrhoidale, 
Pocket  Formulary.  Sir  H.  HALrOED's  Pile  Ointment 
consists  of  equal  parts  of  citrine  ointment  and  oil  of 
almonds  triturated  in  a  glass  mortar  till  perfectly  smooth. 
Mr.  Ward's  is— Powdered  nut-gall  2  drs.,  camphor  1  dr., 
melted  wax  1  oz.,  tincture  of  opium  2  drs.  Mix. 
Pills.  See  proprietors'  names  in  alphabetical  order.  A 
great  variety  of  formulae  for  pills  of  every  kind  will  be 
found  in  the  Pocket  Formulary. 
Pills,  To  coat  with  Gelatine  .      1      See  Pilulae,  Pocket 


TO  silver J  Formulary 


} 


M.    DuEDEN   recommends   collodion  as  a  covering  for 
pills  j  others,  a  solution  of  gutta  percha  in  chloroform : 


196      PATENT   AND   PEOPEIETAET   MEDICINES 

but  the  ready  solubility  of  these  materials  iu  the  stomach 
may  be  questioned.  M.  Blaxchard  uses  balsam  of  Tolu 
dissolved  in  ether.  Mr.  Baildo>'  recommends  chloroform 
instead  of  ether. 

Plasma.     Schacht.     See  Glycerinum  Amyli,  B.  P. 

Plunket's  Ointment  toe  Cancee.  See  Causticum  Aiiti- 
cancrosum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Pomade  Divine.  Beef  marrow  3  lbs.  ;  put  it  into  an 
earthern  vessel,  and  cover  it  with  cold  water,  and  change 
the  water  daily  for  a  few  days,  using  rose-water  the  last 
day.  Pour  ofE  and  press  out  the  water;  add  to  the  mar- 
row 4  oz.  each  of  styrax,  benzoin,  and  Chio  turpentine, 

1  oz.  orris  powder,  ^  oz.  each  of  powdered  cinnamon, 
cloves,  and  nutmeg.  Set  the  vessel  in  hot  water,  and 
keep  the  water  boiling  for  3  hours;  then  strain.  For 
Pomades  for  the  Hair,  see  Haie  Cosmetics,  after  Pee- 

TUMEEY. 

Poetland's  (Duke  of)  Gout  Powdee.  Equal  quantities 
of  the  roots  of  gentian  and  birthwort,  tops  of  germander, 
ground  pine,  and  lesser  centaury  :  all  to  be  powdered  and 
mixed  together. 

Powell's  Balsam  foe  Cough.  Mix  together  2  drs.  of  syrup 
of  Tolu,  1  oz.  of  paregoric  elixir,  and  2  oz.  of  liquorice- 
juice. 

Queen  of  Hungaey's  Watee.  Tops  and  flowers  of  rose- 
mary 2  lbs.,  rectified  spirit  3  lbs. ;  digest  in  a  close  vessel 
for  50  hours  in  a  gentle  heat,  then  distil  by  water- 
bath. 

Quinine  and  Camphor  Pills.  See  Pilula  Quinias  et  Caui- 
phorse.  Pocket  Formulary. 

Radcliffe's  Elixie.  Aloes  6  drs.,  cinnamon,  zedoary,  and 
cochineal,  each  i  dr.,  rhubarb  1  dr.,  syrup  of  buckthorn 

2  oz.,  proof  spirit  16  fluid  oz.,  water  5  fluid  oz. — Dr. 
Paeis.  According  to  Geat,  it  contains  jalap,  scammouy, 
and  senna. 

Easpail's  Camphoe  Cigaeettes.  These  are  merely  cam- 
phor enclosed  in  a  tube  (a  quill  or  pa]ier  tube  may  be 
used),  confined  by  blotting  paper,  and  used  cold.  Another 
kind  of  camphorated  cigars  is  made  by  saturating  dried 
coltsfoot  or  other  lea^•es  with  a  strong  solution  of  camphor, 
and  rollintr  them  in  the  form  of  ciorars. 


DBUGGISTS'   NOSTRUMS,    ETC.  197 

i^EECE's  Chieatta  Pills.     Extract  of  chirayta  2  drs.,  dried 

carbonate  of  soda  1  scruple,  p.  ginger  15  grs.     Mix,  and 

divide  into  36  pills.     Two  twice  a  day. 
Segnauld's  Pectoral  Paste.     Pectoral  flowers  (mullein, 

coltsfoot,  catsfoot,  and  red  poppies  mixed)  16  oz.,  boiling 

water  3  lbs. ;  infuse,  strain,  and  add  to  tli£  clear  liquor  6 

lbs.  of  clean  gum  Arabic ;  dissolve  by  a  gentle  heat,  and 

evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence,  adding  towards  the  end, 

6  drs.  of  tinctiu'e  of  balsam  of  Tolu. 
Reynold's  Gout  Specific.    It  is  supposed  to  be  a  wine  of 

colchicum. 
Retalenta.     It  is  said  to  be  prepared  from  the  seeds  of  the 

Ervum  lens.     See  Dietetic  Articles. 
Riga  Balsam  foe  BsrisES.     Mix  4  oz.  of  spirits  of  wine 

\^'ith  1  dr.  of  compound  tincture  of  benzoin,  and  2  drs.  of 

tincture  of  saffron. 
Rigollot's  Mustaed  Leaves.     An  admii-able  and  cleanly 

substitute  for  mustard  poultices.     They  appear  to  consist 

of  flour  of  mustard  attached  to  paper  by  some  glutinous 

material.     See  Charts  Siuapis,  B.  P. 
Robinson's  (Dr.)  Stimulating  Puegative  Pills.   Watery 

extract  of  aloes  1  di'.,  balsam  of  Peru  10  grs.,  oil  of  caraway 

10  drops,  scammony  i  dr.     Mix,  and  divide  into  20  pills  : 

2  or  3  when  required. 
Roche's  Embeocation.     Olive  oil,  with  half  its  weight  of 

oil  of  cloves  and  oil  of  amber. — Dr.  Paeis. 
Rog£'s  Magnksian  Puegative. — Calcined  magnesia  1  oz., 

carbonate  of  magnesia   ^   oz.,  citric   acid   3^  oz.,  sugar, 

rubbed  with  a  few  drops  of  essence  of  lemon,  6^  oz.     To 

form  Aerated  Magnesian  Lemonade,  put  i  of  the  powder 

into  a  soda-water  bottle  nearly  filled  with  water,  and  cork 

it  securely. 
Rousseau's"  Deops.     See  Vinum  Opii  Fermentatione  Para- 

tum.  Pocket  Formulary. 
RusriNi's  Styptic.     It   contains  (according  to   Dr.  A.  T. 

Tliomson)   gallic  acid,  sulphate  of   zinc,  spirit,  and  rose- 

^\•ater. 
Ryan's  Essence  op  Coltsfoot.     Tincture  of  balsam  of  Tolu 

2  oz.,  compound  tincture  of  benzoin  2  oz.,  spirit  of  wine 

4  oz. — Geay. 
RYJiEE'a  Tincture.      A  tincture  of  capsicum,   camplior, 


198      PATENT   AND   PKOPEIETARY    MEDICINES 

cardamom,  rhubarb,  aloes,  and  castor,  in  proof  sjjirit,  with 
a  small  quantity  of  sulphuric  acid. — Dr.  Paris.  (The 
inventor  states  that  it  is  impregnated  with  an  aerial  acid.) 

Salts,  Mineral.  See  Waters,  FACTiTiors  Mineral, 
further  on. 

Scott's  Pills.     See  Anderson's  Pills. 

Scott's  Plaster.  This  appears  to  be  a  carefully  prepared 
Emp.  Plumbi,  spread  on  calico.  If  it  contain  resin,  the 
quantity  is  probably  less  than  in  Emp.  Eesinse. 

Seidlitz  Powders  (iu  separate  powders).  One  contains  2  drs. 
of  powdered  Eochelle  salts,  and  40  grs.  of  bicarbonate  of 
soda ;  the  other  powder  is  p.  tartaric  acid  35  grs. 

Seidlitz  Powder,  in  one  bottle.  Note. — The  powders  are 
all  to  be  thoroughly  dried  separately,  at  a  gentle  heat — 
the  potassio-tartrate  of  soda  (Soda  tartarata)  at  a  tempera- 
ture not  exceeding  110°  F. ;  the  others  not  higher  than 
120°.  Take  of  potassio-tartrate  of  soda,  dried,  15  oz., 
tartaric  acid,  dried,  5  oz.  (or  citric  acid  4f  oz.),  dry 
bicarbonate  of  soda  6  oz.  Mix,  and  keep  in  a  well-closed 
bottle.  Dose,  3  drs.  Or,  mix  two  parts  of  bitartrate  of 
soda  with  one  part  of  bicarbonate  of  soda.  Keep  dry. 
The  above  have  no  resemblance  to  the  natm'al  water  of 
Seidlitz.     See  Waters  (Mineral),  page  198. 

SiNAPiNE  Tissue.  A  substitute  for  mustard  poultices. 
Sheets  of  paper  impregnated  with  essence  of  mustard  and 
tincture  of  capsicum. 

Singleton's  Golden  Ointment.  Orpiment  mixed  with 
lard  to  the  consistence  of  an  ointment. 

"  There  appears  to  be  some  mistake  in  this  statement,  as 
that  sold  us  under  this  name  had  nearly  the  same  compo- 
sition as  the  ointment  of  nitric  oxide  of  mercury  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia.  It  did  not  contain  a  trace  either  of 
arsenic  or  sulphur." — CoOLET. 

Soda  Powders.  These  usually  contain  in  one  paper  30  grs, 
of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  in  the  other  25  grs.  of  tartaric 
acid  (or  24  of  citric  acid).  For  sherbet,  lemonade,  and 
ginger-beer  powders,  see  Beterag-es,  in  another  di^dsion 
of  this  work. 

Smellome's  Eye-Ointment.  Prepared  verdigris  30  grs.; 
levigate  with  30  drops  of  olive  oil,  and  add  1  oz,  of 
resinous  cerate. 


DBUGQISTS'   NOSTEUMS,   ETC.  199 

Speediman's  Pills.  Rhubarb,  aloes,  myrrh,  and  extract  of 
chamomile,  of  each  60  grs. ;  oil  of  chamomile  12  drops. 
Mix,  and  divide  into  4-grain  pills. 

Solomon's  Balm  of  Gilead.  An  aromatic  tincture,  of 
which  cardamoms  form  a  leading  ingredient,  made  with 
brandy. — Dr.  Pabis.  It  is  thought  to  contain  cantha- 
rides. 

Solomon's  ANXi-iMPETiaiNES  is  said  to  be  a  solution  of 
corrosive  sublimate. 

Smith's  (Dr.  Hugh)  Stomachic  Pills.  Aloes,  rhubarb, 
aromatic  powder,  gum  sagapenum,  of  each  1  dr. ;  oil  of 
mint  and  oil  of  cloves,  of  each  10  drops ;  balsam  of  Peru 
q.  s.     In  5-grain  pills ;  2  to  4  every  night. 

Solution  of  Copaiva.  See  Sol.  Copaibas  Alkalin.  Pocket 
Formulary. 

SpiLSBrRY's  Anti-scoebutic  Drops.  Corrosive  sublimate 
2  drs.  (not  2  oz.,  as  misprinted  in  the  eighth  edition  of  Dr. 
Paeis's  Pharmacologia),  precipitated  sulphuret  of  anti- 
mony 1  dr.,  gentian  2  drs.,  orange-peel  2  drs.,  red  sanders 
1  dr.,  proof  spirit  16  fluid  oz. ;  digest  and  strain. — Dr. 
Paeis.  We  are  informed  that  this  incorrect.  Another 
formula  is — Levigated  crocus  metallorum  18  cb's.,  corrosive 
sublimate  1.35  grs.,  red  sanders  I2-  drs.,  gentian  6  drs., 
orange-peel  6  drs.,  brandy  48  fluid  oz. ;  digest  for  10  days, 
shaking  frequently,  and  strain ;  dose,  5  to  60  drops. 

Sqttiee's  Elixie.  Opium  1  oz.,  camphor  1  oz.,  spu-it  of 
aniseed  (compound)  4  pints,  tincture  of  serpentaria  1  pint, 
water  4  pints,  tincture  of  ginger  \  oz.  Some  recipes  add 
a  little  aurum  musivum. 

Standeet's  Red  Mixture.  Carbonate  of  magnesia  4  drs., 
powdered  rhubarb  2  drs.,  tincture  of  rhubarb  1^  oz.,  tinc- 
ture of  opium  1  dr.,  oil  of  aniseed  24  drops,  essence  of 
peppermint  30  drops,  water  1^  pints ;  mix.  A  popular 
remedy  for  bowel  complaints  in  the  West  of  England. 

Standeet's  Stomachic  Candy.  Cardamom  seed,  ginger, 
rhubarb  (all  in  fine  powder),  each  4  drs.,  lump  sugar  4  oz., 
water  6  drs. ;  boil  together,  stirring  constantly  till  the 
sugar  is  dissolved,  then  pour  it  into  a  proper  mould. 

Steedman'b  Soothino  Powdees.  These  appear,  by  analysis, 
to  contain  calomel,  about  1  grain  in  each,  also  a  trace  of 
morphia,  with  sugar, 


200      PATENT    AND    PEOPBIETAEY    MEDICINES 

Stbee's  Opodeldoc.     1.  Rectified  spirit  a  quart,  Castile  soap  , 
5  oz.,  camphor  21  oz.,  oil  of  roseniarv  2i  drs.,  oil  of  origa- 
num 5  drs.,  sol.  weaker  ammonia  -4  oz. ;  digest  till  dissolved, 
and  pour  while  warm  into  wide-mouthed  bottles. 

2.  Rectified  spirit  8  pints  o.  m.,  white  soap  20  oz.,  cam- 
phor 8  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  4  oz.,  oil  of  rosemary  1  oz., 
oil  of  horsemint  1  oz. :  dissolve  the  soap  in  the  spirit  by  a 
gentle  heat,  and  add  the  other  ingredients.  Bottle  whilst 
warm. — Phil.  Coll.  of  Phaeiiact. 

SrorGHTOx's  Elixie.  1.  Gentian  36  oz.,  serpentary  16  oz., 
dried  orange-peel  24  oz.,  calamus  aromaticus  4  oz.,  rectified 
spirit  and  water,  of  each  6  gallons,  old  measure. 

2.  Gentian  4  lbs.,  orange-peel  2  lbs.,  cochineal  2  drs., 
cardamom  seed  1  oz.,  rectified  spirit  8  gallons. 

Stoeet's  Woem  Cakes.  Calomel  1  scrapie,  jalap  1  dr., 
ginger  2  scruples,  sugar  1  oz.,  cinnabar  to  colour,  syrup 
q.  s.  to  form  10  cakes. 

Steuve's  Lotiox  foe  HoopiyG-CoroH.  Emetic  tartar 
60  grs.,  water  2  oz.,  tincture  of  cantharides  1  oz. 

Swaim's  YEEMiFuaE.  Worm  seed  2  oz.,  valerian,  rhubarb, 
pink  root,  white  agaric,  of  each  1^  oz. ;  boil  in  sufficient 
water  to  yield  3  quarts  of  decoction,  and  add  to  it  30  drops 
of  oil  of  tansy,  and  45  drops  of  oil  of  cloves,  dissolved  in 
a  quart  of  rectified  spirit.     (American  remedy.) 

SyDENHAii's  Liquid  LAUDA^■UM:.  See  Vinum  Opii,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Ta^'JOEE  Pills.     See  Piluls  Arsenici,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Thibaut's  Balsam  for  wounds.  Digest  flowers  of  St.  John's 
wort,  one  handful,  in  i  pint  rectified  spirit,  then  express 
the  liquor,  and  dissolve  in  it  myrrh,  aloes,  and  di'agon's 
blood,  of  each  1  dr.,  with  Canada  balsam  ^  oz. 

TiNCTTJEE  OF  QciNiNE  (Abosiatic).  See  Tinct.  Quinise, 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Tissot's  Pfegatite  Powdees.  Jalap,  rhubarb,  senna,  and 
soluble  cream  of  tartar,  equal  quantities.  Dose,  2  to  6 
drachms.     Used  in  Normandy. 

Tuelington's  Balsam.  Rectified  spirit  8  old  wine  pints, 
benzoin  12  oz.,  liquid  styrax  4  oz.,  socotrine  aloes  1  oz., 
balsam  of  Peru  2  oz.,  myrrh  1  oz.,  angelica-root  i  oz., 
balsam  of  Tolu  4  oz.,  extract  of  liquorice  4  oz. ;  digest  10 
days  ayid  strain.— Peil.  Coil.  OF  Phaem.     The  certified 


DRUaOISTiS'    NOSTRUMS,    ETC.  201 

copy  of  the  original  recipe  is  more  complex,  containing 
three  times  as  many  ingredients. 

Valangix^s  Solution  of  Solvent  Mineral.  Arseuious 
acid  (which  has  been  mixed  with  chloride  of  sodium,  and 
resublimed)  30  grs.,  hydrochloric  acid  90  grs.,  distilled 
water  1  oz. ;  dissolve,  and  add  distilled  water  to  make  up 
30  fluid  oz.  Dose,  from  3  drops,  increased  very  gradually 
to  10.  See  Liquor  Arsenic!  Hydrochloricus  (L.),  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Venlo's  Vegetable  Syrup.  It  is  supposed  to  be  a  decoc- 
tion of  burdock,  mint,  dandelion,  senna,  &c.,  boiled  with 
sugar,  and  a  small  portion  of  solution  of  sublimate 
added. 

Walker's  Jesuit's  Drops.     See  Jesuit's  Drops,  above. 

Warburg's  Fevee  Tincture.  See  Tinct.  Warburgii, 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Ward's  Paste.  The  same  as  Confectio  Piperis  Nigri  of  the 
London  Phtirmacopceia. 

Ward's  White  Drops.  To  16  oz.  of  strong  nitric  acid  add 
gradually  7  oz.  of  subcarbonate  of  ammonia ;  let  it  stand 
2  or  3  hours ;  then  put  it  into  a  bolt-head  which  it  will 
only  half  fill,  and  to  each  16  oz.  put  4  oz.  of  pure  quick- 
silver, and  digest  by  a  sand  heat  till  the  solution  is  com- 
plete ;  then  gently  increase  the  heat,  and  add  a  little  more 
quicksilver  at  intervals  till  it  will  dissolve  no  more ;  then 
evaporate  it  in  a  glass  or  earthern  dish  placed  in  sand,  till 
a  pellicle  appears,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Dissolve 
1  lb.  of  the  drained  salt  in  3  lbs.  of  rose-water  by  the  heat 
of  a  sand-bath. 

Ward's  Essence  foe  the  Headache.  Spirit  of  wine  2  lbs., 
roche  alum  in  fine  powder  2  oz.,  camphor  4  oz.,  essence  of 
lemon  ^  oz.,  strong  water  of  ammonia  4  oz. ;  stop  the  bottle 
close,  and  shake  it  daily  for  3  or  4  days. 

Ward's  Red  Pill.  Glass  of  antimony  levigated  with  a 
fourth  of  its  weight  of  dragon's-blood,  made  into  a  mass 
with  wine,  and  divided  into  pills  of  a  grain  and  a  half 
each ;  one  pill  is  a  dose,  on  an  empty  stomach.  In  foul- 
ness of  the  stomach  and  bowels,  and  obstinate  rheumatic 
disorders. 

Ward's  Dropsy  Purging  Powder.  Jalap  1  lb.,  cream  of 
tartar  1  lb.,  red  bole  1  oz. ;  mix ;  dose,  from  30  to  40  grs., 


202      PATEKT   AKD    PEOPRIETARY    MEDICINES 

ill  brotli  or  warm  beer,  repeated  for  2  or  3  days,  or  ofteiier 

if  necessary. 
Waed's  Sweating  Powdee.     Similar  to  Dover's  Powder. 
"Ward's  Washing    Powdee.     See    Washing  Compounds, 

Trade  Chemicals. 
Waenee's  CoEDiAL.     Rhubarb  1   oz.,  senna  ^  oz.,  safPron 

1  dr.,  liquorice  ^  oz.,  raisins  1  lb.,  brandy  3  pints  j  digest 

for  a  week,  and  strain. 
Waets,  to  cube.     Strong  acetic  acid,  or  dichloi^cetic  acid, 

applied  in  tubes  made  for  the  purpose.    Caution  is  required, 

that  the  sound  flesh  may  not  be  involved. 
Waewick's  (Countess  of)  Powdees.     Scammony  2  oz.,  calx 

of  antimony  1  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  ^  oz.     Mix. 
Webster's  Diet  Deine.     A  decoction  of  syrup  of  sarsa- 

parilla,  betony,  dulcamara,  guaiacum,  liquorice,  sassafras, 

turmeric,  and  thyme. 
Webster's  (Lady)  Pills.     See  Pilula  Aloes  cum  Mastiche, 

Pocket  Formulary. 
Whitehead's  Essence   op  Mustaed.      See  Essence  of 

MtrsTAED  for  an  imitation  of  it. 
Whitehead's  Mustaed  Pills.     Dr.  Paris  says  they  consist 

of  balsam  of  Tolu  and  resin. 
Whitelaw's  Ethereal  Tinctuee  of  Lobelia.     See  Tinc- 

tura  Lobelias  Etherea,  Pocket  Formulary. 
Wilson's  Gout  Tinctuee.     A  vinous  infusion  of  colchicum. 
Wisdom's  (Dr.)  Ete-Watee.     Bole  2  oz.,  sulphate  of  zinc 

i  oz.,  camphor  (dissolved  in  1|  oz.  of  rectified  spirit)  i  oz., 

water  a  gallon. 
Weight's  Peael  Ointment.     Wliite  precipitate  8  oz.,  ex- 
tract of  lead  a  pint ;  rub  together  and  add  7  lbs.  of  white 

wax  melted  Avitli  16  lbs.  of  olive  oil. — Phaem.  Jouenal. 
WoEM  Lozenges.     See  Ching's  Lozenges,  and  .Storey's 

WoEM  Cakes,  above  ;    see  also  Ti-ochisci  Anthelmintici, 

and  Trochisci  Santonini,  Pocket  Formulary. 
Young's  Pueging  Deine.     Carbonate  of  soda  in  crystals 

2^  drs.,  cream  of  tartar  in  crystals  3  drs.,  water  8  oz. ;  put 

it  into  a  stone  bottle,  and  secure  the  cork. 


FACTITIOUS    MINERAL    WATERS, 


AND 


M^  tax  |r0hmn|  tijm. 


AEEATED   OR   CARBONATED   WATERS. 

These  require  the  aid  of  the  powerful  machine  employed  by 
soda-water  manufacturers,  to  charge  the  waters  strongly 
M'ith  carbonic  acid  gas.  The  gas  is  made  from  whiting 
and  diluted  sulphuric  acid,  and  is  forced  by  a  pumj)  into 
the  watery  solution.  Sometimes  the  gas  is  produced  by 
the  mutual  action  of  the  ingredients  introduced  into  the 
bottle  of  water,  which  must  be  instantly  closed ;  but  this 
method  is  found  practically  inconvenient,  and  is  only 
adopted  in  the  absence  of  proper  apparatus.  The  quantity 
of  gas  introduced  is  directed,  in  the  French  and  American 
pharmacopoeias,  in  most  cases,  to  be  5  times  the  volume  of 
liquid.  For  chalybeate  and  sulphuretted  waters,  the 
water  should  be  previously  deprived  of  the  air  it  naturally 
contains,  by  boiling,  and  allowing  it  to  cool  in  a  closed 
vessel. 

There  are  various  manufacturers  of  aerated-water 
machines,  and  of  syphon  bottles  for  holding  these  waters 
when  made.  The  names  and  addresses  of  these  makers  may 
be  found  in  any  trade  directory. 

Simple  Aerated  Watee.  Carbonic  acid  gas  ivater.  Water 
charged  with  five  or  more  volumes  of  carbonic  acid  gas,  as 
above. 

Alkalinb  Aeeated  Watees.  Aerated  soda  and  potash 
waters  should  be  made  by  dissolving  a  drachm  of  the  car- 
bonated alkali  in  each  pint  of  water,  and  charging  it 
strongly  with  carbonic  acid  gas.  But  the  soda  water  of 
the  shops  generally  contains  but  little  (or  no)  soda. 

Aeeated  Magnesia  Water,  Tliis  is  made  of  various 
BtrengthfSi 


204  FACTITIOUS   MINERAL   WATERS 

Murray's  and  Dikxefoed's  Fluid  Magnesia  may  be  thus 
made : — To  a  boiling  solution  of  16  oz.  of  sulphate  of 
magnesia  in  6  pints  of  water,  add  a  solution  of  19  oz.  of 
crystallized  carbonate  of  soda  in  the  same  quantity  of 
water ;  boil  the  mixture  till  gas  ceases  to  escape,  stirring 
constantly  ;  then  set  it  aside  to  settle  ;  pour  off  the  liquid, 
and  wash  the  precipitate  on  a  cotton  or  linen  cloth,  with 
warm  water,  till  the  latter  ptvsses  tasteless.  Mix  the  pre- 
cipitate, without  di'ying  it,  with  a  gallon  of  water,  and  force 
carbonic  acid  gas  into  the  mixture  luider  strong  pressure, 
till  a  complete  solution  is  effected.  The  Eau  Magnesienne 
of  the  French  codex  is  about  a  third  of  this  strength ;  and 
we  have  met  with  some  prepared  in  this  country  not  much 
stronger.     See  Liquor  Maokesi^  Caebonatis,  B.  P. 

Carbonated  Lime  Water.  Carrara  Water.  Lime  water 
(prejiared  from  lime  made  by  calcuiing  Carrara  marble) 
is  supersaturated  by  strong  pressure,  with  carbonic  acid ; 
so  that  the  carbonate  of  lime  at  first  thrown  down  is  re- 
dissolved.  It  contains  8  grains  of  carbonate  of  lime  in  10 
fluid  oz.  of  water. 

Aerated  Lithia  Water.  This  may  be  conveniently  made 
from  the  fresh  precipitated  carbonate,  dissolved  m  car- 
bonated water,  as  directed  for  fluid  magnesia.  Its  ant- 
acid and  antilithic  properties  promise  to  be  useful.  See 
Liquor  Lithi.e  Effertescbns,  B.  P. 

SALENE   CARBONATED   WATERS. 

The  following  afford  approximate  imitations  of  these  waters. 
The  earthy  salts,  with  the  salts  of  iron,  should  be  dis- 
solved together  in  the  smallest  quantity  of  water.  The 
other  ingredients  to  be  dissolved  in  the  larger  portion  of 
the  water,  and  the  solution  impregnated  with  the  gas. 
The  first  solution  may  be  then  added  or  be  previously 
introduced  into  the  bottles.  The  salts,  unless  it  is  other- 
wise stated,  are  to  be  crystallized. 

Baden  Water.  Chloride  of  magnesium  2  grs.,  chloride  of 
calcium  40  grs.,  perchloride  of  iron  5  gr.  (or  3  minims  of 
the  tincture),  chloride  of  sodium  30  grs.,  sulphate  of  soda 
10  grs.,  carbonate  of  soda  1  gr.,  water  1  pint,  carbonic  acid 
gas  5  volumes. 


SALINE   CAHBOIS'ATED   WATERS  205 

Carlsbad  Wateh.  Chloride  of  calcium  8  grs.,  tincture  of 
chloride  of  irou  1  drop,  sulphate  of  soda  50  grs.,  carbonate 
of  soda  60  grs.,  chloride  of  sodium  8  grs.,  carbonated  water 
1  pint. 

Egee.  Carbonate  of  soda  5  grs.,  sulphate  of  soda  4  scruples, 
chloride  of  sodium  10  grs.,  sulphate  of  magnesia  3  grs., 
chloride  of  calcium  5  grs.,  carbonated  water  a  pint.  (Or  it 
may  be  made  without  apparatus  thus  : — Bicarbonate  of 
soda  30  grs.,  chloride  of  sodium  8  grs.,  sulphate  of  magnesia 
3  grs.,  water  a  pint ;  dissolve  and  add  a  scruple  of  dry 
bisulphate  of  soda,  and  close  the  bottle  immediately.) 

Ems.  Carbonate  of  soda  2  scruples,  sulphate  of  potash  1  gr., 
sulphate  of  magnesia  5  grs.,  chloride  of  sodium  10  grs., 
chloride  of  calcium  3  grs.,  carbonated  water  a  pint. 

Maeienbad.  Carbonate  of  soda  2  scruples,  sulphate  of  soda 
96  grs.,  sulphate  of  magnesia  8  grs.,  chloride  of  sodium  15 
grs.,  chloride  of  calcium  10  grs.,  carbonated  water  a  pint. 
(Or,  Bicarbonate  of  soda  50  grs.,  sulphate  of  soda  1  dr., 
chloride  of  sodium  15  grs.,  siilphate  of  magnesia  10  grs. ; 
dissolve  in  a  pint  of  water,  add  25  grs.  of  dry  bisulphate  of 
soda,  and  cork  immediately.) 

Maeienbad  Pueging  Salts.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  5  oz., 
dried  sulphate  of  soda  12  or.,  dry  chloride  of  sodium  1^  oz., 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  dried,  2  oz.,  dried  bisulphate  of  soda 
2i  oz.  Mix  the  salts,  previously  dried,  separately,  and 
keep  them  carefully  from  the  air. 

Pullna  Watee.  Sulphate  of  soda  4  drs.,  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia 4  drs.,  chloride  of  calcium  15  grs.,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium (dry)  a  scruple,  chloride  of  sodium  a  scruple, 
bicarbonate  of  soda  10  grs.,  water  slightly  carbonated,  one 
pint.  One  of  the  most  active  of  the  purgative  saline 
waters. 

PcLLNA  Watee,  without  the  Machine.  Bicarbonate  of 
soda  50  grs.,  sulphate  of  magnesia  4  drs.,  sulphate  of  soda 
3  drs.,  chloride  of  sodium  a  scruple ;  dissolve  in  a  pint  of 
water ;  add,  lastly,  2  scruples  of  bisulphate  of  soda,  and 
close  the  bottle  immediately. 

Salts  foe  making  PuClna  Watee.  Dry  bicarbonate  of 
soda  1  oz.,  exsiccated  sulphate  of  soda  2  oz.,  exsiccated 
suljthate  of  magnesia  Ij  oz.,  dry  chloride  of  sodium  2  drs.. 


206  FACTITIOUS    MIXEEAL   WATEBS 

dry  tartaric  acid  f  oz.  (or  rather,  dry  bisulpliate  of  soda 
1  oz.) 
Seidlitz  Water.      Tliis   is  usually   imitated   by   strongly 
aerating  a  solution  of  2  drs.  of  sulphate  of  magnesia  in  a 
pint  of  water.     It  is  also  made  with  4,  6,  and  8  drs.  of 
the  salts  to  a  pint  of  water. 
Seidlitz  Powdek.     The  common  seidlitz  powders  (see  back) 
do   not   resemble  the  water.     A  closer  imitation  would  be 
made  by  using  effloresced  sulphate  of  magnesia  uistead  of 
the  potassio-tartrate  of  soda.     A  still  more  exact  compound 
will  be  the  following  : — Effloresced  sulphate  of  magnesia  2 
oz.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  |  oz.,  dry  bisulpliate  of  soda  i  oz., 
mix  and  keep  in  a  close  bottle. 
Seidschtitz  Water.     Sulphate  of  magnesia  3  drs.,  chloride 
of  calcium,  nitrate  of  lime,  bicarbonate  of  soda,  of  each  8 
grs.,  sulphate  of  potash  5  grs.,  aerated  water  1  pint. 
Seltzer  Water.     Chloride  of  calcium  and  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, of  each  4  grs. ;  dissolve  these  in  a  small  quantity  of 
water,  and  add  it  to  a  similar  solution  of  8  grs.  of  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  20  grs.  chloride  of  sodium,  and  2  grs.  of  phosphate 
of  soda  :  mix,  and  add  a  solution  of  4  of  a  gr.  of  sulphate 
of  iron ;  put  the  mixed  solution  into  a  20-oz.  bottle,  and 
fill  up  with  aerated  water.     But  much  of  the  Seltzer  water 
sold   is  said  to  be  nothing  more  than  simple  carbonated 
water,  containing  a  little  chloride  of  sodium.     An  imita- 
tion of  Seltzer  water  is  also  made  by  putting  into  a  stone 
Seltzer  bottle,  filled  with  water,  2  drs.  bicarbonate  of  soda, 
and  2  drs.  of  citric  acid  in  crystals,  corking  the  bottle 
immediately.    Sodaic  powders  are  sometimes  sold  as  Seltzer 
powders. 
Vichy  Water.    Bicarbonate  of  soda  1  di-.,  chloride  of  sodium 
2  grs.,  sulphate  of  soda  8  grs.,  sulphate  of  magnesia  3  grs., 
tincture  of  chloride  of  ii'on  2  drops,  aerated  water  a  pint. 
DoRVAULT  directs  75  grs.  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  4  grs.  of 
chloride  of  sodium,  |  gr.  sulphate  of  iron,  10  grs.  sulphate 
of  soda,  3  grs.  sulphate  of  magnesia,  to  a  pint  of  water. 
By  adding  45  grs.  (or  less)  of  citric  acid  an  effervescmg 
water  is  obtained. 

M.  SOTJBEiRAN,  relying  on  the  analysis  of  LoNGCHAMrs, 
imitates  Vichy  water  by  the  following  combination  : — Bi- 
carbonate of  soda  135  grs.,  chloride   of  sodium  2i  grs., 


STJLPHIJEETTED    WATERS  207 

cryst.  chloride  of  calcium  12  grs.,  sulphate  of  soda  11^  grs., 
sulphate  of  magnesia  3|  grs.,  tartrate  of  iron  and  potash 
■g-  gr.,  water  2 J^  pints  (1  litre),  carbonic  acid  305  cub.  inches 
(5  litres).  Dissolve  the  salts  of  soda  and  iron  in  part  of 
the  water,  and  add  the  sulph.  magues.,  and  then  the 
chlor.  calc.  in  the  remaining  water.  Charge  now  with 
the  carbonic  acid  gas  under  pressui'e. 
Vichy  Salts.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  1^  oz.,  chloride  of  so- 
dium 15  grs.,  effloresced  suljihate  of  soda  1  dr.,  effloresced 
sulphate  of  magnesia  1  scruple,  dry  tartarised  potash  and 
iron  1  gr.,  dry  tartaric  acid  1  oz.  (or  dry  bisulphate  of 
soda) ;  mix  the  powders,  previously  dried,  and  keep  them 
in  a  close  bottle. 

SALINE  WATERS,  &c.,  NOT  CARBONATED. 

Sea  Water.  Chloride  of  sodium  4  oz.,  sulphate  of  soda  2 
oz..  chloride  of  calcium  ^  oz.,  chloride  of  magnesium  1  oz., 
iodide  of  potassium  4  grs.,  bromide  of  potassium  2  grs., 
water  a  gallon.  A  common  substitute  for  sea  water  as  a 
bath  is  made  by  dissolving  4  or  5  oz.  of  common  salt  in  a 
gallon  of  water. 

The  following  mixture  of  dry  salts  may  be  kept  for  the 
immediate  production  of  a  good  imitation  of  sea  water. 
Chloride  of  sodium  (that  obtained  from  evaporating  sea 
water  and  not  recrystallized,  in  preference)  85  oz.,  efflo- 
resced sulphate  of  soda  15  oz.,  dry  chloride  of  calcium  4 
oz.,  dry  chloride  of  magnesium  16  oz.,  iodide  of  potassimn 
2  di's.,  bromide  of  potassium  1  gr.  Mix,  and  keep  dry. 
Put  4  or  5  oz.  to  a  gallon  of  water. 

Balaetjc  Wateb.  Chloride  of  sodium  1  oz.,  chloride  of 
calcium  1  oz.,  chloride  of  magnesium  i  oz.,  sulphate  of 
soda  3  drs.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  2  drs.,  bromide  of  potassium 
1  gr.,  water  a  gallon.     Chiefly  used  for  baths. 

SULPHURETTED  WATERS, 

Simple  Sulph peetted  Waters.  Pass  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen into  cold  water  (previously  deprived  of  air  by  boil- 
ing, and  cooled  in  a  closed  vessel),  till  it  ceases  to  be 
absorbed. 


208      FACTITIOUS  MiyERlL  WATERS 

Aix-la-Chapelle  Wateb.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  12  grs., 
chloride  of  sodium  25  gi'S-,  chloride  of  calcium  3  grs.,  sul- 
phate of  soda  8  grs.,  simple  sulphuretted  water  2^  oz.,  water 
slightly  carbonated  17i  oz. 

Baeeges  Watee.  (Cauterets,  Bagneres  de  Luchon,  Eaux 
Bonnes,  St.  Sauveur,  may  be  made  the  same).  Crystallized 
hydrosulphate  of  soda  (see  Soda  Hydrosulphas-  (Sodii 
Sulphidum  Crystallizatum),  P.  F.),  crystallized  carbonate 
of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium,  of  each  1^  grs.,  water 
(freed  from  air)  a  pint.  A  stronger  solution  for  adding  to 
baths  is  thus  made  : — Crystallized  hydrosulphate  of  soda, 
crystallized  carbonate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium,  of 
each  2  oz.,  water  10  oz. :  dissolve.  To  be  added  to  a  com- 
mon bath  at  the  time  of  using. 

Naples  Watee.  Crystallized  carbonate  of  soda  15  grs., 
fluid  magnesia  1  oz.,  simple  sulphuretted  water  2  oz. 
aerated  water  16  oz.  Introduce  the  sulphuretted  water 
into  the  bottle  last. 

Habeogate  Watee.  Chloride  of  sodium  100  grs.,  chloride 
of  calcium  10  grs.,  chloride  of  magnesium  6  grs.,  bicar- 
bonate of  soda  2  grs.,  water  18^  oz.  Dissolve,  and  add 
simple  sulphuretted  water  1^  oz. 

Haebogate  Salts.     See  Dr.  Duffin's  (back). 

CHALYBEATE  WATERS. 

Simple  Chalybeate  Water.  Water  freed  from  air  by 
boiling  1  pint,  sulphate  of  iron  ^  gr. 

Aeeated  Chalybeate  Wateb.  Sulphate  of  iron  1  gr., 
carbonate  of  soda  4  grs.,  water  deprived  of  air,  and  charged 
with  carbonic  acid  gas,  a  pint.  Dr.  Pebeiea  recommends 
10  grs.  each  of  sulphate  of  iron  and  bicarbonate  of  soda  to 
be  taken  in  a  bottle  of  ordinary  soda-water.  This  is 
equivalent  to  4  grs.  of  carbonate  of  iron. 

Beightox  Chalybeate.  Sulphate  of  iron,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  calcium,  of  each  2  grs.,  carbonate  of  soda  3  grs., 
carbonated  water  1  pint. 

Btjssang,  Fobges,  Peotixs,  and  other  similar  waters,  may 
be  imitated  by  dissolvmg  from  ^  to  ^rds  of  a  grain  of  sul- 
phate of  iron,  2  or  3  grs.  of  carbonate  of  soda,  1  gr.  of  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  1  of  chloride  of  sodium,  in  a  pint 
of  aerated  water. 


CHALYBEATE   WATERS  209 

MoxT  d'Or  Water.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  70  grs.,  sulphate 
of  iron  |  gr.,  chloride  of  sodium  12  grs.,  sulphate  of  soda 
■J  gr.,  chloride  of  calcium  4  grs.,  chloride  of  magnesium 

2  grs.,  aerated  water  a  pint. 

Passt  Water.     Sulphate  of  iron  2  grs.,  chloride  of  sodium 

3  grs.,  carbonate  of  soda  4  grs.,  chloride  of  magnesium  2 
grs.,  aerated  water  a  pint. 

PrEMoyT  Water.  Sulphate  of  magnesia  20  grs.,  chloride 
of  magnesium  4  grs.,  chloride  of  sodium  2  grs.,  bicarbonate 
of  soda  16  grs.,  sulphate  of  iron  2  grs.,  Carrara  water  a 
pint. 

VARIOUS  AERATED  MEDICINAL  WATERS  NOT 
RESEMBLING  ANY  NATURAL  SPRING. 

Mialhe's  Aerated  Chalybeate  Water.  Water  a  pint, 
citric  acid  1  dr.,  citrate  of  iron  15  grains ;  dissolve,  and 
add  75  grs.,  of  bicarbonate  of  soda. 

Trosseau's  Martial  Aerated  Water.  Potassio-tartrate 
of  iron  10  grains,  artificial  Seltzer  water  a  pint. 

BorcHARDAT's  GASEOUS  PURGATIVE.  Phosphate  of  ^oda 
1^  oz.,  carbonated  water  a  pint. 

Mialhe's  Ioduretted  Gaseous  Water.  Iodide  of  potas- 
sium 15  grs.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  75  grs.,  water  a  pint ; 
dissolve  and  add  sulphuric  acid,  diluted  with  its  weight  of 
watei",  75  grs.     Cork  immediately. 

Dupasquier's  Gaseous  Water  of  Iodide  of  Iron.  So- 
lution of  iodide  of  iron  (containing  -j^oth  of  dry  iodide) 
30  grs.,  syrup  of  gum  2-^  oz.,  aerated  water  17^  oz. 

[See  also  Magnesia,  Carrara,  and  Lithia  Waters  (back) 
Bewley's  Chalybeate  Water,  (back).  Also  Aqua  Benzoata 
Aerata,  and  Aq.  Magnesite  Citratis,  Pocket  Formulary.^ 


14 


PERFUMERY 


DISTILLED  WATERS. 

The  simple  distilled  waters  '  (without  spirit)  used  in  per- 
fumery are  chiefly  those  of  rose,  elder,  and  orange  llower, 
cinnamon,  &c.  The  points  requisite  to  be  attended  to 
are,  that  the  flowers  be  fresh,  gathered  after  the  sun  has 
risen  and  the  dew  exhaled,  and  that  sufiicient  M'ater  be 
used  to  prevent  the  flowers  being  burned,  but  not  much 
more  than  is  sufiicient  for  this  piarpose.  The  quantities 
usually  directed  are — Roses  15  lbs.,  water  40  lbs. :  distil 
15  lbs.  for  single,  and  the  same  water  witli  15  lbs.  of  fresh 
roses,  for  double  rose-water. 

Orange-flowers  12  lbs.,  water  36  lbs. :  distil  24  lbs.  for 
double  orange-flower  water  ;  this  with  an  equal  quantity  of 
distilled  water  forms  the  single.  The  flowers  should  not 
be  put  into  the  still  till  the  water  nearly  boils. 

Eldee-plower  Water,  Acacia- fxowee  \Vatee,  and  Beax- 
PLOWER  Water,  are  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  rose- 
water. 

Eaij  de  Naphre.  This  water  is  distilled  in  Languedoc  from 
the  leaves  of  the  bigarade,  or  bitter-orange  tree,  but  the 
preparation  sold  in  England  under  this  name  is  often 
prepared  thus  : — Orange  flowers  7  lbs. ;  fresh  yellow  peel 
of  the  bigarade  or  Seville  orange  \  lb.,  water  2  gallons ; 
macerate  for  24  hours,  and  distil  1  gallon.  Ordinary 
orange  flower  water  is  very  generally  sold  for  this  water. 

CiN'XAMON  Water.  A  gallon  should  be  distilled  from  20  oz. 
of  fine  cinnamon  (bruised)  and  2  gallons  of  water. 

Strawberry  Water.  Bruised  strawberries  4  lbs.,  water  a 
gallon ;  macerate  for  12  hours,  and  distil  6  pints. 

The  waters  prepared  -nathout  distillation  (by  diffusing 
the  essential  oils  through  water,  after  mixing  them  with 
chalk,  magnesia,  or  silica,  or  dissoh-ing  them  in  spirit)  are 


SPIEITrOFS    WATEHS  211 

seldom  so  proper  for  perfumery  purposes  as  those  distilled 
from  the  flowers  &c.,  Eose-water,  made  from  the  otto 
(8  drops  of  otto,  previously  mixed  with  a  drachm  of  pre- 
cipitated chalk,  diffused  in  a  quart  of  distilled  water,  and 
afterwards  distilled  or  simply  filtered),  is  to  most  persons 
very  agreeable ;  but  that  distilled  from  the  flowers  should 
also  be  kept,  as  it  is  by  others  greatly  preferred. 
Musk  Water,  Violet'  Water^  jEs'sAiiiNE  Water,  and 
some  others,  are  made  by  mixing  the  spirituous  essences 
with  distilled  or  pure  soft  water.     A  usual  proportion  is 

2  drs,  to  a  pint. 

SPIRITUOUS  WATERS. 

The  spirit  employed  in  perfumery  should  be  selected  with 
great  care ;  it  should  be  perfectly  free  from  grain-oil  and 
other  impurities.  It  should  be  60'over-proof,  unless  other- 
^\-ise  directed.  The  distillation  should  be  effected  by  steam, 
or  by  the  heat  of  a  water-bath. 

Simple  Spirit  op  Lavender.  Lavender-flowers  (free  from 
stalks)  2  lbs.,  rectified  spirit  8  pints,  water  16  pmts ;  distil 
8  pints. 

Smyth's  Distilled  Essence  of  Lavender.  Essential  oil 
of  English  Lavender  4  oz.,  rectified  spirit  (60°  over-proof) 
5  pints,  rose-water  1  pint :  mix,  and  distil  5  pints  for  sale. 

Essence  of  Lavender  (by  mixture).  Essential  oil  of  la- 
vender 3i  oz.,  rectified  'spirit  2  quarts,  rose-water  f  pint, 
tincture  of  orris  i  pint. 

Lavender  Water.      English  oil  of   lavender  4  oz.,  spirit 

3  quarts,  rose-water  1  pint ;  mix  and  filter.  (A  commoner 
and  cheaper  preparation  may  be  made  with  the  French 
oil). 

Odoriferous  Lavender  Water.  1.  Rectified  spirit  5  gal- 
lons, essential  oil  of  lavender  20  oz..  oil  of  bergamot  5  oz., 
essence  of  ambergris  ^  oz.  Sometimes  4  oz.  of  orris-root 
are  digested  with  the  above. — Mr.  Brande. 

2.  Oil  of  lavender,  oil  of  bergamot,  of  each  3  drs. ; 
otto  of  roses  and  oil  of  cloves,  of  each  6  drops ;  musk  2 
grs.,  true  oil  of  rosemary  1  dr.,  honey  1  oz.,  benzoic  acid 
2  scruples  ;  rectified  spirit  a  pint ,  distilled  water  3  oz, — 
Dr.  Pereira. 


212  PERFUMERY 

3.  Oil  of  lavender  2  oz.,  essence  of  ambergris  1  oz.,  eau 
de  Cologne  a  pint,  rectified  spirit  a  quart. 

4.  Oil  of  lavender  4  drs. ;  essence  of  bergamot,  essence 
of  lemon  or  cedrat,  and  otto  of  roses,  of  each  20  minims  ; 
essence  of  ambergris  1  dr.,  rectified  spirit  3  pints,  orange- 
flower  water  4  oz.,  rose  (or  distilled)  water  12  oz.,  burnt 
alum  20  'grs.  Agitate  .frequently,  'then  let  it  stand  in  a 
cool  place  for  some  days  before  filtering. 

5.  Oil  of  lavender  3  drs.,  oil  of  bergamot  20  drops,  neroli 
6  drops,  otto  6  to  12  drops,  essence  of  cedrat  8  or  10  drops, 
essence  of  musk  20  drops,  rectified  spirit  28  fluid  oz., 
distilled  (or  orange-flower)  water  4  oz. 

6.  Eatt  de  Lavande  aux  Milleflenrs.  Oil  of  lavender 
4  drs. ;  essence  of  bergamot,  essence  of  lemon,  otto  of  roses, 
of  each  12  drops ;  essence  of  millefleurs  3  drs.,  essence  of 
ambergris  1  dr.,  rectified  spirit  a  pint  and  a  half. 

7.  English  oil  of  lavender  8  oz. ;  essence  of  musk  4oz. ; 
essence  of  ambergris  and  oil  of  bergamot  of  each  1^  oz., 
rect.  spirit  2  gallons.     Mix  well.    Very  fine. — Mr.  Cooley. 

Note. — Tlie  oil  of  lavender  in  all  the  above  should  be  the 
finest  English  oil ;  that  which  first  comes  over  is  said  to 
be  the  most  fragrant.  It  should  be  kept  for  12  months 
before  using,  either  alone  or  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity 
of  alcohol.  Some  makers  prefer  a  mixture  of  old  and  new 
oil.  Tlie  lavender  water  improves  by  age. 
Eatj  de  Cologne — Cologne  Watee.  1.  English  oil  of 
lavender,  oil  of  bergamot,  oil  of  lemon,  oil  of  neroli,  of 
each  1  oz. ;  oil  of  cinnamon  ^  oz. ;  spirit  of  rosemary,  and 
spirit  of  balm  {Eau  des  Carmes),  of  each  15  oz. ;  highly 
rectified  spirit  7^  pints.  Let  them  stand  together  for  14 
days,  then  distil  in  a  water-bath. — Dr.  Geantillk. 

2.  Oil  of  bergamot,  citron,  and  lemon,  each  3  oz. ;  oils 
of  rosemary,  neroli,  and  lavender,  of  each  1 J  oz. ;  oil  of 
cinnamon  6  drs.,  rectified  spirit  24  pints ;  compound  spirit 
of  balm  {Eau  des  Carmes,  below)  3  pints,  spirit  of  rose- 
mary 2  pints.  Mix,  and  after  standing  a  week,  distil  24 
pints. — Feench  Phaemacopceia. 

3.  Essential  oils  of  bergamot,  of  lemon,  of  neroli,  of 
orange  peel,  and  of  rosemary,  each  12  drops;  cardamom 
seeds  a  dr. ;  rectified  spirit  a  pint.  It  improves  by  age.— 
Theommsdobf. 


SPIRITUOUS    WATERS  213 

4.  Essence  of  bergamot  40  minims,  essence  of  lemon 
45  minims,  oil  of  rosemary  6,  oil  of  orange  22,  neroli  12 
minims,  highly  rectified  spirit  6  oz. 

5.  Alcohol  a  pint,  oil  of  bergamot,  oil  of  orange-peel, 
true  oil  of  rosemary,  cardamom  seeds,  of  each  a  drachm ; 
orange-flower  water  a  pint.  Mix,  and  distil  a  pint  by 
water-bath. — Dr.  A.  T.  Thomson. 

Eau  des  Caemes— Eatt  de  Melisse.  Fresh  flowering 
balm  24  oz. ;  yellow  rind  of  lemon,  cut  fine,  4  oz.,  cin- 
namon, cloves,  and  nutmeg  (bruised),  of  each  2  oz. ;  cori- 
ander seed  (braised)  1  oz.,  dried  angelica  root  1  oz.,  recti- 
fied spirit  a  gallon.  Macerate  for  4  days,  and  distil  in  a 
water- bath. 

Aquebusade  Water.  1.  Sage,  angelica,  wormwood,  savory* 
sweet  fennel,  hyssop,  balm,  sweet  basil,  rue,  thyme,  mar- 
joram, rosemary,  angelica  seed,  origanum,  red '  calamint, 
creeping  thyme,  lavender  flowers,  of  each  10  oz.;  sweet 
flag  root  5  oz.,  rectified  spirit  2  gallons,  water  q.  s.     Distil 

3  gallons. 

2.  (Simplified.)  Balm,  rosemary,  thyme,  calamus  root, 
angelica  seeds,  lavender  flowers,  of  each  4  oz. ;  rectified 
spirit  3  pints,  water  q.  s.     Macerate  for  a  day,  and  distil 

4  pints. 

QPEEN  OF  Huxgart's  Wateb.  Spirit  of  Rosemary.  1. 
Rosemary  tops  2  lbs.  rectified  spirit  a  gallon,  water  q.  s. 
Distil  carefully  1  gallon. 

2  Spirit  of  rosemary  (as  No.  1)  4  pints,  orange-flower 
water  ^  pint,  essence  of  neroli  4  drops. 

3.  Simple  spirit  of  rosemary  3  pints,  simple  spirit  of 
lavender  a  pint,  rose-water  8  oz. 

Eau  d'Ange.  Flowering  tops  of  myrtle  16  oz.,  rectified 
spirit  a  gallon ;  digest,  and  distil  to  dryness  in  a  water- 
bath.  Or  dissolve  ^  oz.  essential  oil  of  myrtle  in  3  pints 
of  rectified  spirit.  Mr.  Gray  gives  under  this  name  a 
water  without  spirit :  Water  2  pints,  benzoin  2  oz.,  storax 
1  oz.,  cinnamon  1  dr.  cloves  2  drs.  Calamus  a  stick,  cori- 
ander seeds  a  pinch  :  distil. 

HoKKT  Water.  Uau  de  Miel.  1.  Rectified  spirit  8  pints, 
oil  of  cloves,  oil  of  lavender,  oil  of  bergamot,  of  each  \  oz., 
musk  15  grs.,  yellow  sanders  shapings  4  oz.,  digest  for  8 


214  PEEJTUMERT 

days,  and  add  2  pints   each  of  orange-flower  and  rose 
waters, 

2.  Oil  of  sautal  20  drops,  tincture  of  musk  2  J  oz., 
essence  of  bergamot  2^  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  5  drs.,  oil  of 
lavender  5  drs.,  rose-water  2  pints,  orange-flower  water  2 
pints,  spirit  of  wine  a  gallon ;  mix,  and  filter. 

3.  (With  honey.)  White  honey  8  oz.,  coriander  seed 
8  oz.,  fi'esh  lemon-peel  1  oz.,  cloves  f  oz.,  nutmeg,  benzoin, 
sty  rax  calamita,  of  each  1  oz.,  rose  and  orange-flower 
water,  of  each  4  oz„  rectified  spirit  3  pints  ;  digest  for  a 
few  days,  and  filter.  Some  receipts  add  3  drs.  of  vanilla, 
and  direct  only  ^  oz.  of  nutmeg,  storax,  and  benzoin. 

4.  Coriander  seeds  7  lbs.,  cloves  12  oz.,  storax  8  oz., 
nutmeg  8  oz.,  fresh  lemon-peel  10  oz.,  calamus  root  6  oz., 
rectified  spirit  15  puits ;  macerate  for  a  month  add  water 
q.  s.  Distil  22  pints,  and  add  to  the  distilled  spirit  5  pints 
of  orange-flower  water,  24  drops  otto  of  roses,  a  dr.  of  am- 
bergris, and  2  oz.  of  fine  vanilla ;  macerate  for  a  week,  and 
filter.     The  dry  ingredients  to  be  bruised  or  cut  small. 

Lisbon  Watee.  To  rectified  spirit,  1  gallon,  add  the  essen- 
tial oils  of  orange-peel  and  lemon-peel,  of  each  3  oz.,  and 
of  otto  of  rose  ^  oz. — Piesse. 

Eatj  de  Portugal.  To  rectified  spirit,  1  gallon,  add  the 
following  essential  oils :  of  orange  peel  6  oz.,  of  lemon- 
peel  1  oz.,  of  lemon-grass  i  oz.,  of  bei'gamot  1  oz.,  and  of 
otto  of  rose  ^  oz. — Piesse. 

Eat:  d'Elegance.  Spirit  of  jessamine  2  lbs.,  spirit  of  styrax 
1  lb.,  spirit  of  hyacinth  1  lb.,  spirit  of  star  aniseed  4  oz., 
tincture  of  balsam  of  Tolu  4  oz.,  tincture  of  vanilla  2  oz. 

Eau  de  Maeeschale.  Spirit  of  wine  1^  pint,  spirit  of 
jessamine  1  oz.,  essence  of  bergamot  |  oz.,  essence  of 
violets  1  oz. 

Eau  Eomaine.  Spirit  of  jessamine  3  quai'ts,  tincture  of 
vanilla  1  quart,  spirit  of  acacia  flowers  1  quart,  spu-it  of 
tiiberose  a  pint,  essence  of  ambergris  2  oz,,  tincture  of 
benzoin  8  oz. 

Eau  de  Millefleues.  Eectified  spirit  2  pints,  balsam 
of  Peru  i  oz.,  essence  of  bergamot  i  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  5  oz., 
essence  of  neroli  J  dr.,  essence  of  musk  1  dr.,  orange- 
flower  water  2  oz. 

Eau  Spiritueuse   D'Hi:LiOTEOPE.     Vanilla  3   drs.,  double 


SPIEITUOtJS    WATEES  215 

orange-flower  water  6  oz.,  rectified  spirit  a  quart ;  mace- 
rate for  3  days,  and  distil  in  a  water-bath.  It  may  be 
coloured  with  cochineal.  But  the  essence  d'heliotrope  of 
some  perfumers  appears,  by  the  colour,  not  to  have  been 
distilled. 

Eau  d'Ispahax.  Essential  oil  of  bitter  orange-peel  4  oz., 
oil  of  rosemary  3  drs„  oil  of  mint  1  dr.,  oil  of  cloves  7 
scruples,  neroli  7  scruples,  spirit  of  wine  14  pints.  It  is 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  eau  do  Cologne. 

Eait  sans  Paeeille.  Essential  oil  of  lemon  |  oz.,  of  ber- 
gamot  2|  drs,.  of  cedrat  i  oz.,  rectified  spirit  6  pints, 
spirit  of  rosemary  8  oz. ;  mix.  Some  authorities  state 
that  it  is  improved  by  distillation. 

Eau  de  Bouquet  de  Floee.  1.  Honey  water  2  oz.,  tinc- 
ture of  cloves  1  oz„  tincture  of  calamus,  of  lavender,  and 
of  long  cyperus,  each  i  oz. ;  eau  sans  pareille  4  oz.,  spirit 
of  jessamine  9  drs.,  tincture  of  orris  1  oz.,  spirituous 
essence  of  neroli  20  drops. 

2.  Essence  of  violets  |  oz.,  spirit  of  rosemary  |  oz., 
essence  of  lemon  1  dr.,  rectified  spirit  24  oz.,  rose  water 
8oz. 

3.  Spirit  of  rosemary  8  oz.,  rectified  spirit  8  oz., 
lavender  water  2  oz.,  oil  of  neroli  5  drops,  cloves  1  dr., 
orris  root  3  drs.,  rose  water  2  oz. ;  digest  for  a  few  days, 
and  filter. 

EsPEiT  DE  Bouquet.  English  oil  of  lavender,  oil  of  cloves 
and  of  bergamot,  of  each  2  drs. ;  otto  of  roses  and  oil  of 
cinnamon,  of  each  20  drops  ;  essence  of  musk  1  dr.,  recti- 
fied spirit,  a  pint ;  mix. 

Eau  de  Rosceees.  Spirit  of  roses  4  pints,  spirit  of  jessa- 
mine a  pint,  spirit  of  orange  flowers  a  pint,  spirit  of 
ciicumber  2J  pints,  spirit  of  celery  seed  2i  pints,  spirit  of 
angelica  root  2f  pints,  tincture  of  benzoin  (simple)  f  of  a 
pint,  balsam  of  Mecca  a  few  drops. 

Eau  d'Ambee  Eoyale.  Rectified  spirit  2  lbs.,  tincture  of 
musk  seed  1  lb.,  essence  of  ambergris  1  oz.,  tinctm'e  of 
musk  1  oz.,  reduced  with  a  proper  proportion  of  orange- 
flower  water. 

EsPEiT  DE  Suave.  Spirit  of  jessamine  Ih  pint,  spirit  of 
acacia  flowers  1^  pint,  spirit  of  wine  12  oz.,  spirit  of 
tuberose  8  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  1^  drs.  oil  of  neroli  30  di-ops, 


216  PERFTTMERT 

essence  of  bergamot  1^  drs.,  tincture  of  musk  1  oz.,  rose- 
water  12  oz. 

Paefum  DE3  Eois.  Spirit  of  wine  2  gallons,  styrax  6  oz.j 
benzoin  16  oz.,  aloes-wood  8  oz.,  spirit  of  rose  2  pints, 
spirit  of  orange-flowers  2  pints,  essence  (tincture)  of  am- 
bergris 8  oz.,  tincture  of  musk  8  oz.,  tincture  of  vanilla 
16  oz. 

Odos  Delectabilis.  Rose  water,  orange-flower  water,  eacli 
4  oz.,  oil  of  lavender,  oil  of  cloves,  each  1  dr.,  oil  of  ber- 
gamot 2  drs.  musk  2  grains,  rectified  spirit  a  pint. 

New  Mown  Hat.  Ext.  Tonquin  Bean  2  pints;  ext, 
geranium  1  pint ;  ext.  orange-flower  1  pint ;  ext.  rose  1 
pint ;  ext.  rose  triple  1  pint ;  ext.  jessamine  1  pint. 

Nbw  Victoeia  Pkefume.  Cloves,  bruised,  2  scruples; 
vanilla,  cut  small,  1  dr. ;  oil  of  cedrat  4  drops,  oil  of  santal 

1  dr„  cinnamon  12  grs.,  oil  of  verbena  8  drops,  otto  of 
roses  8  drops,  oil  of  neroli  20  drops,  oil  of  lavender  1  dr., 
ambergris  16  grs.,  tincture  of  musk  1  dr.,  rectified  spirit 
16  fluid  oz  ;  digest  for  a  few  days,  and  filter.  Or  the 
whole  except  the  musk  and  ambergris  may  be  distilled  in 
a  water-bath,  and  these  added  to  the  distilled  spii'it. 

Another  similar  perfume  is — Vanilla  ^  dr.,  yellow  San- 
ders 6  drs.,  cloves  No.  16,  neroli  3  drops,  oil  of  lavender 
6  drops,  rectified  spirit  4  oz.  :  digest  for  3  days,  and  add 
4  oz.  of  orange-flower  water,  water  q.  s. ;  distil  6  oz.,  add 
essence  of  musk  1  dr. 
Jockey    Club    Bouqcet.      Piessb.     Extract  of  orris  root 

2  pints,  esprit  de  rose  triple  1  pint,  esprit  de  pommade 
de  rose  1  pint,  extract  of  pomade  of  cassia,  and  tuberose, 
i  pint  each,  extract  of  ambergris  ^  pint,  oil  of  bergamot 
i  oz. 

EsPEiT  DE  Rose.  1.  Macerate  the  fresh  and  picked  flowers 
of  the  most  fragrant  varieties  of  the  rose,  with  half  their 
weight  of  rectified  spirit,  and  distil  in  a  water-bath  to 
dryness. 

2.  Dissolve  from  20  to  30  drops  of  otto  in  a  pint  of 
rectified  spirit.  A  stronger  solution,  6  or  8  drops  of  otto 
to  an  ounce  of  alcohol,  forms  essence  of  roses,  or  esprit  de 
rose  triple. 

3.  It  is  also  made  by  agitating  and  digesting  the  spirit 


SPIRITUOrS    WATERS  217 

with  the  perfumed  oil  or  pomade  of  roses.      See  Extracts, 

below.) 
Esprit    de    Jasmix.      Eau   de  Jasmin.     It  is  prepared  by 

digesting  and  agitating  pure  spirit  with  oil  or  pomade  of 

jessamine  made  with  the  flowers.     (See  Extracts  further 

on.)     Spirit  of  jonquil,  tuberose,  ^^olet,   &e.,  may  be  ob- 
tained by  the  same  process. 
Esprit  de  Violette.     Eau  de  Violette.     Macerate  5  oz.  of 

tine  orris   root  in  a  quart  of  rectified  spirit  for  some  days, 

and  filter.     It  may  also  be  obtained  by  the  method  just 

mentioned,  or  by  mixing  the  product  of  both  processes. 
Eau  ODORAXTE  DE  Jasmin.     Compound  spirit  of  Jessamine; 

for  the  handkerchief.     Spirit  of  jessamine  1  pint,  rectified 

spirit  1  pint,  essence  of  ambergris  a  dr.,  simple  tincture  of 

benzoin  a  dr. 
Spirit   of   Orange-flowers,  Spirit  of  Elder-flowers, 

AND   Spirit    of   Acacia-flowers.     Fresh  flowers  1  lb., 

rectified  spirit   4  lbs.,  or  pints,  water  2  lbs. ;  distil  4  lbs., 

or  pints. 
Spirit  of  Orange-peel,  of  Lemon-peel,  of  Citron,  and 

OF  Bergamot.     Fresh  peel   1  lb,   rectified  sjiirit  6  lbs.  ; 

macerate  for  2  days,  and  distil  in  a  water-bath  to   dryness. 

Or,  1  oz.  of  the  essential  oil  to  2  pints  of  spirit. 
Spirit   of    Cinnamon,    of    Cloves,  of  Nutmeg,  and  of 

Calamus  Root.     Macerate  1  lb.  of  the  bruised  drug  with 

8  lbs.,  or  a  gallon,  of  rectified  spirit,  and  distil  as  the  last. 
Spirit  of  Cucumbers.     Cucumbers  grated  8  lbs.,  rectified 

spirit  1  lb. ;  distil  2  lbs. 
Spirit   of   Rosewood.     Rosewood  shavings  1  lb.  spirit  6 

lbs.,  water  2  lbs. ;  distil  6  lbs.     It  is  also  made  by  adding 

the  essential  oil  of  rhodium  to  spirit. 
Spirit    of    Angelica.      Dried  angelica  root  1  lb.,  rectified 

spirit  a  gallon.      Macerate,    and    distil    by    water-bath   to 

dryness. 
Spirit  of  Balsam  of    Peru.      Balsam   3   parts,  spirit  15 

parts,   carbonate  of  potash   1   part ;  macerate  for  3  days, 

and  distil  by  water-bath. 
Spirit   of   Steawberries,    and   of  Raspberries.     Fresh 

fruit  3  lbs.,  rectified  spirit  1  lb. ;  macerate  24  hours,  and 

distil  2  lbs. 


218  PERFUMERY 

The  following  tinctures  are  chiefly  used  in  the  compound 

perfumes  : 
Tincture  of  Baisam  of  Perit,  and  of  Toltj.     Digest  1 

oz.  of  the  balsam  -u-ith  8  of  rectified  spirit  for  some  days, 

shaking  it   occasionally,  then  filter.     Tincture  of  benzoin 

in  the  same  manner. 
Tincture  of  Angelica.     One  part  of  the  dried  root  to  8 

of  rectified  spirit ;  as  the  last. 
Tincture  (common  spirituous  essence)  of  Lemon,  Citron, 

Orange,  and  Bekgamot.     An  ounce  of  the  fresh  peel  to 

i  pint  of  spirit,  as  above. 
Tincture  of  Musk  Seed.     Essence  d'  Amhrelte.     Digest 

16  oz.    of    bruised  musk  seed  with  3  phits  of  rectified 

spirit  for  a  month,  and  filter. 
Tincture  of  Musk.     China  musk  2  drs.,  rectified  spirit  16 

oz.     For  more  compound  tinctures  of  musk,  see  Essence 

OF  Musk,  below. 
Tincture  or  Essence  of  Ambergris.     Guibourt  directs 

1  dr.  of   ambergris  to  be  digested  with  a  gentle  heat  in 

3  oz.    of    rectified  spirit.     Another  form   is :    Ambergris 

1  dr.,  carbonate  of  potash  1  dr.,  spirit  of  roses  4  oz. 
(or  rectified  sj^irit  4  oz.,  otto  6  drops).  Some  recipes 
direct  a  weaker  solution :  24  grs.  of  ambergris  to  8  oz. 
of  spirits.     For  other  formula?,  see  Essence,  below. 

Tincture  of  Civet.  Bruise  J  oz.  of  civet,  i  oz.  of  amber- 
gris, and  the  same  of  sugar  candy,  and  macerate  in  a 
quart  of  rectified  spirit  for  6  weeks,  in  a  warm  place ; 
then  filter. 

Tincture  or  Essence  of  Vanilla.    Vanilla  cut  very  small 

2  oz.,  rectified  spirit  a  pint ;  infuse  for  2  or  3  weeks.  This 
is  sometimes  distilled,  forming  spirit  of  vanilla. 

Tincture  of  Rhodium.  Eosewood  1  lb.,  rectified  spirit  3 
or  4  pints ;  macerate  for  3  or  4  weeks,  and  filter. 

Essence  (or  Tincture)  of  Vetiter.  Take  2  lbs.  of  the 
root  of  vittie  vayr  cut  small,  and  moisten  it  with  a  little 
water ;  let  it  macerate  for  24  hours,  then  beat  it  in  a 
marble  mortar.  Macerate  it  in  svifficient  spirit  to  cover 
it,  for  8  or  10  days,  and  strain  \\ith  pressure :  filter  through 
paper,  and  in  a  fortnight  repeat  the  filtration.  Some- 
times the  root  is  moistened  with  diluted  sulphuric  acid, 
which,  after  maceration,  is  neutralized  by  adding  a  sufla- 


ESSENCES  219 

cient  quantity  of  chalk,  and  the  whole  digested  with  spirit. 
The  tincture  when  strained  off,  is  distilled,  and  forms 
(with  the  addition  of  essence  of  balm  and  of  roses)  Essence 
de  Vetiver  double. 

Essence  of  Patchouli.  Dried  patchouli  (pucha  pat)  1  oz., 
rectified  spirit  a  pint.  It  is  generally  combined  with  other 
perfumes. 

Extracts  (cxtraits)  are  spirituous  solutions  of  the  odorous 
principle  of  flowers,  obtained,  indirectly,  by  agitating  and 
digesting  oils  and  pomatums  which  have  been  perfumed 
by'  tlie  flowers  (see  Huiles  Antiques,  under _Hais  Cos- 
metics) with  pure  spirit.  This  is  repeated  with  fresh  oil 
until  the  spirit  is  sufliciently  perfumed.  Wlien  the  same 
oil  or  pomade  is  treated  with  fresh  spirit,  inferior  extracts, 
numbered  2,  3,  &c.,  are  obtained.  These  preparations  are 
chiefly  made  in  France. 

EXTIIACTS    (EXTRAITS,  or  ESPEITS)    OF    JESSAMINE,  ViOLETS, 

Lily  of  the  Valley,  are  prepared   by  the  process  just 
mentioned. 

EXTEAIT  DE  Bouquet.  Spirit  (extrait)  of  jessamine  2 
quarts,  extract  of  violets  2  quarts,  spirit  of  acacia-flowers, 
of  rose,  and  of  orange-flowers,  each  a  quart,  spirit  of  car- 
nations a  quart,  flowers  of  benzoin  |  oz.,  essence  of  am- 
bergris 1  oz. 

Exteait  de  Maeeschale.  Essence  of  millefleurs  Ih  oz., 
essence  of  jessamine  1  oz.,  essence  of  musk  ^  oz.,  essence 
of  ambergris  i  oz„  essence  of  cedrat  20  drops,  essence  of 
violets  1  oz.,  sweet  spirits  of  nitre  50  drops,  true  oil  of 
rosemary  20  di-ops,  rectified  spirit  6  oz.,  oil  of  neroli  48 
drops.     Set  aside  for  some  time. 

Compound  Essences.  Some  of  these  contain  a  preparation 
of  the  substance  whose  name  they  bear,  while  others  are 
fictitious  or  imitative,  being  made  up  of  a  variety  of  other 
essences  and  volatile  oils.  Several  of  the  formula  are  those 
of  M.  Piesse. 

Essence  of  Ambeeoeis.  This  name  is  applied  both  to 
the  simple  and  compound  tinctures  of  ambergris.  See 
Tincture  of  Ambeegeis,  above.  Other  formula  may 
here  be  given. 

1.  Ambergris  4  oz.,  musk  2  oz.,  tincture  of  musk  seed 
7  pints.     Digest  with  a  gentle  heat. 


220  PEErtJMEBY 

2.  Ambergris  1  dr.,  musk  i  dr.,  oil  of  cinnamon  18 
drops,  oil  of  rhodium  12  drojjs,  rectified  spirit  8  oz., 
spirit  of  roses  4  oz.,  carbonate  of  potash  li  drs.,  digest  in 
a  warm  place  for  a  few  days,  and  strain.     See  also  Essence 

ROYAIE. 

Essence  of  Cbdeat.  Dissolve  2i  oz.  of  oil  of  cedrat  in  1 
gallon  of  spirit,  and  add  bergamot  i  oz. 

Essence  of  Clove  Pink.  Esprit  de  rose  $  pint,  de  fleur, 
d'orange,  and  de  fleur  de  cassie,  each  \  pint,  esprit  de  vanille 
2  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  10  drops. 

Cologne  Essence.  Oil  of  bergamot  2  drs.,  essence  of  lemon 
i  dr.,  essence  of  cedrat  i  dr.,  true  oil  of  rosemary  15 
drops,  rectified  spirit  (or  spirit  of  balm)  li-  oz. 

Essence  of  Heliotrope.  Spirituous  extract  of  vanilla 
i  pint,  of  French  rose-pomatum  t  pint,  of  orange- flower, 
pomatum  2  oz.,  of  ambergris  1  oz. ;  add  5  drops  of  the 
essential  oil  of  almonds. 

Essence  of  Honeysuckle.  Spirituous  extract  of  rose  poma- 
tum 1  pint,  of  violet  1  pint,  of  tuberose  1  pint ;  extracts 
of  vanilla  and  tolu,  of  each  1  pint ;  oil  of  neroli  10  drops, 
essential  oil  of  almonds  5  drops. 

Essence  of  Hovenia.  Rectified  spirit  1  quart,  rose-water 
i  pint,  essential  oil  of  lemons  ^  oz.,  otto  of  roses  1  dr., 
oil  of  cloves  i  dr.,  oil  of  neroli  10  drops. 

Essence  of  Jonquil.  Spirituous  extract  of  jasmine  pomade 
1  pint,  of  tuberose  1  pint,  of  orange-flower  ^  pint ;  add 
extract  of  vanilla  2  oz. 

Essence  of  Lilt  of  the  Valley.  Mix  the  following 
extracts :  of  tuberose  J  pint,  of  jasmin  2  oz.,  of  orange- 
flovyer  2  oz.,  of  vanilla  3  oz.,  of  cassia  i  pint,  of  rose-water 
i  pint :  add  3  drops  of  hydrocyanic  acid.  Keep  together 
for  a  month,  then  bottle. 

Essence  of  Magnolia.  Spirituous  extract  of  orange-flower 
pomatum  1  pint,  of  rose  pomatum  2  pints,  of  tuberose 
pomatum  ^  pint,  of  violet  pomatum  ^  pint ;  essential  oil 
of  citron  2  drs.,  and  essential  oil  of  almonds  10  drops. 

Essence  of  Mignonette.  Digest  1  lb.  of  pomade  de  rezeda 
in  rectified  spirit  1  pint  for  i4  days ;  filter  off,  and  add  1 
oz.  of  extrait  d'ambre. 

Essence  of  Moss  Rose.     Spirituous  extract  of  French  rose 

I    pomatum  1  quart,  esprit  de  rose  triple  1  pint,  extract  of 


COMPOUND    ESSENCES  221 

orange-flower  pomatum  1  pint,  of  ambergris  ^  pint,  and 
of  musk  4  oz. 
Essence   of   Myrtle.     Take  the  following   extracts :    of 
vanilla  i  pint,  of  roses  1  pint,  of  orange-flower  ^  pint,  of 
tuberose  i  pint,  of  jasmin  2  oz.     Mix,  and  allow  to  stand 
for  a  fortnight. 
Essence  of  Musk.     Tincture  of  musk,  of  various  strengths. 
The  formula  given  above  (tincture  of  musk)  is  that  of  the 
Dublin   Pharmacopoeia,  1826.     Guibouet  directs  1   part 
of  musk  to  12  of  proof  spirit.     Other  authorities  direct 
a  smaller  quantity  of  musk.     A  French  work  gives  the 
following:  Musk  in  the  [bag,  cut  small  6  oz.,  civet  1  oz., 
tincture  of  musk  seed  7  pints  ;  digest  in  the  sun,  or  in  a 
warm  place  for  2  months. 
Essence   of  Patchouli.     Oil  of  patchouli  1^  oz.,  otto  of 

rose  i  oz.,  rectifled  spirit  1  gallon. 
Essence  of  Rondelbtia.     Essence  of  bergamot,  essence  of 
lemon,  oil  of  cloves,    each    1   dr.,  otto  of  roses  6  drops 
rectified  spirit  1  pint. 
Essence  Rotale.     Ambergris  1  dr.,  civet  15  grs.,  musk  30 
grs.,  carbonate  of  potash  20  grs., ;  triturate  together,  and 
add  oil  of  cinnamon  10  drops,  oil  of  rhodium,  and  of  ueroli, 
6  drops,  otto  of  roses  6   drops,  rectified   spirit   t   pint ; 
digest,  and  filter. 
Essence  of  Sweet  Beiar.     Spirituous  extracts  of  French 
rose  pomatum  1  pint,  of  cassia  and  orange  flowers,  each 
i  pint,  esprit  de  rose  i  pint,  with  oils  of  neroli  and  lemon- 
grass,  of  each  ^  dr. 
Essence   of   Sweet   Pea.     Essences   of   tuberose,  orange- 
flower,  and   rose-pomatum,  each  i  pint,  with  essence  of 
vanilla  1  oz. 
Essence  of  Veebena.     Essential  oil  of  verbena  2  drs.,  rec- 
tified spirit  4  oz.,  essence  of  ambergris  ^  tlr.,  orange-flower 
water  ^  oz. ;  mix.     Another  form  is  :  Oil  of  verbena  ^  oz., 
essence  of  vanilla  40  drops,  rectified  spirit  4  oz. :  mix  and 
filter. 
Essence  of  White  Lilac.     Spirituous  extract  of  tuberose 
pomade  1  pint,  of  orange-flower  pomade  |  pint ;  add  essen- 
tial oil  of  almonds  3  drops,  and  extract  of  civet  i  oz. 
Fbangipanni  Bouquet.     Essence  of  vetiver  3  oz.,  ol.  neroli 
15  minims,  oil  of  sandal  wood  i  dr.,  otto  of  rose  40  minims. 


222  perfttmeut 

essence  of  musk  3  drs.,  esprit  de  \-iolette  3  oz.,  essence  of 
ambergris  6  drs.,  rectified  spirit  to  make  up  20.oz. — Piesse. 

Essences  toe  Scenting  Pomatuu. — Millefleiir  :  Oil  of 
lemon  3  oz.,  essence  of  ambergris  4  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  2  oz., 
oil  of  lavender  2  oz. —  Coivslip  :  Essence  of  bergamot 
16  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  8  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  4  oz.,  oil  of 
orange-peel  2  oz.,  oil  of  jessamine  2  drs.,  eau  de  bouquet 
2  oz.,  oil  of  bitter  almonds  16  drops. — For  general  use  : 
Essence  of  bergamot  16  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  8  oz.,  true 
oil  of  origanum  and  oil  of  cloves,  each  2  oz.,  oil  of  orange- 
peel,  li  oz. 

MiSTUBA  Odobata.  Rectified  spirit  48  oz.,  tincture  of 
benzoin  4  oz.,  tincture  of  vanilla  i  oz.,  tincture  of  musk 
i  oz.,  balsam  of  Peru  i  oz.,  oil  of  cloves,  of  mace,  and  of 
cinnamon,  eacb  ^  oz.,  oil  of  bergamot  1  oz.,  oil  of  cedrat  2 

oz. —  GlESEE. 

Scent  pob  Snuff.  Oil  of  lavender  2  drs.,  essence  of  lemon 
4  drs.,  essence  of  bergamot  1  oz.  :  mix.  [1  dr.  with  8  oz.  of 
fine  Scotch  snuff,  constitutes  Queen's  Snuff.] 

[The  following  Essences,  Spirits,  and  Waters  are  given  as 
specimens  of  some  of  the  cheaper  perfumes,  as  made  in 
France.] 

Essences  (SpiEiTTjoirs). 

JEssenee    {Spirituous)   of  Neroli.      Spirit   of    wine  J  pint, 

orange-peel  cut  small  3  oz.,  orris-root  in  powder,  1  dr., 

musk  2  grs. ;  let  it  stand  in  a  warm  place  for  3  days,  and 

filter. 
Essence  of  Lemon,     Spirit  of  wine  \  pint,  fresh  lemon-peel 

4  oz.,  as  above. 
Essence  of  Bergamot.     Spirit  of  wine  i  pint,  bergamot-peel 

4  oz. ;  as  above. 
JEssenee  of  Violets.     Spirit  of  wine  i  pint,  orris  root  1  oz. 
Essence  of  Cedrat.     Essence  of  bergamot  (as  above)  1  oz., 

essence  of  neroli  2  drs. 
Essence  of  Jessamine.     Essence  of  violets  1  oz.,  essence  of 

cedrat  2  drs. 
Essence  of  Music.     Spirit  of  wine  ^  pint,  musk  16  grs. 
Essence   of  Ambergris.     Spirit  of   \\\ne  i  pint,  ambergris 

24  grs. 


SPIRITS  223 

Essence   of   Cloves.     Spirit  of   wine  \  pint,  bruised  cloves 

1  oz.     Other  essences  in  the  same  manner. 

Spirits. 

Spirit  of  Rose.     Spirit  of  wine  ^  pint,  otto  6  drops. 

Spirit   of  Jessamine.     Spirit    of    \\-ine  i    pint,  essence    of 

jessamine  (as  above)  a  drachm. 
Spirit  of  Orange.     Spirit  of  wine  i  pint,  essence  of  orange, 

or  neroli,  a  drachm. 
Spirit  of  Lavender.     Spirit  of  wine  \  pint,  essential  oil  of 

lavender  a  drachm. 
Spirit  of  Musk.     Spirit  of  wine  |  pint,  essence  of  musk  a 

drachm. 

Others  in  a  similar  manner. 

Simple  Watees. 

Rose  Wafer.     Distilled  or  rain  water  |  pint,  spirit  of  roses  a 

drachm. 
Jessamine    Wafer,    Husk    Water,     Violet,    Orangeflower 

Water,  ^c,  by  adding  a  dr.  of  the  above  spirits  to  §  pint 

of  water. 

AMMONIATED   PERFUMES. 

AMMO^'IATED  Cologne  Wateb.  A  fragrant  and  reviving 
substitute  for  Spirit  of  Sal  Volatile.  Chloride  of  ammonium 
5  drs.,  carbonate  of  potash  8  drs.,  eau  de  Cologne  12  oz., 
essential  oil  of  ccdrat  and  of  bergamot,  of  each  15  drops 
(dissolved  in  an  oz.  of  rectified  spirit),  orange-flower  water 
8  oz.  ,•  mix,  and  carefully  distil  15  or  16  oz. 

Eau  de  Luce.  Mastic  2  drs.,  rectified  spirit  9  drs. ;  dissolve 
and  add  to  the  clear  tincture  30  drops  of  oil  of  lavender, 
10  drops  of  bergamot,  and  a  pint  of  strong  water  of  am- 
monia. This  is  more  agreeable  than  the  compound  of  the 
London  Pharmacopoeia,  which,  however,  should  always  be 
used  when  prescribed  medicinally. 

EssEXCE  FOB  Smelling  Salts.  1.  English  oil  of  lavender 
and  essence  of  bergamot,  of  each  a  dr.,  oil  of  orange-peel, 
or  of  cedrat,  8  drops,  oil  of  cinnaHion  4  drops,  oil  of  neroli 

2  drops,  alcohol,  and  strongest  water  of  ammonia,  of  each 
2  oz.  (or  4  oz.  of  strong  ammoniated  alcohol). 


224i  PERFUMEET 

2.  Amnioniated  alcohol  12  fluid  oz.  English  oil  of 
lavender,  essence  of  bergamot  and  essence  of  lemon,  of 
each  a  dr.,  cloves  ^  dr.,  camphor  ^  oz.,  macerate  for  a  week, 
and  filter. — Mr.  Maggs. 

3.  Essence  of  ambergris  and  musk  4  drs.,  otto  of  rose 
20  drops,'oil  of  lavender  1  dr.,  ammoniated  alcohol  10  oz. ; 
mix,  and  add  strongest  liquor  ammonia  10  oz. — Phaem. 
JoUE. 

Smelling  Salts.  Sesquicarbonate  of  ammonia  40  oz.,  broken 
into  small  pieces  not  larger  than  a  filbert,  put  into 
an  air-tight  ^-gallon  jar ;  pour  over  it  20  oz.  strong  solu- 
tion of  ammonia  (sp.  gr.  'SSO)  pre^'iously  perfumed  accord- 
ing to  taste,  and  immediately  fix  on  the  lid  of  the  jar,  tak- 
ing care  that  it  is  properly  secured.  Keep  in  a  cool  place, 
opening  and  stirring  with  a  stiff  spatula  every  other  day  for 
a  week ;  allow  it  now  to  remain  for  2  or  3  weeks,  at  the  end 
of  which  time  it  will  have  become  hard. — Mr.  Allchin. 

Godfeey's  Smellixg  Salts.  Dr.  Paris  says  it  is  prepared 
by  resubliming  volatile  salts  with  carbonate  of  potash 
and  a  little  spirit  of  wine.  It  is  usually  scented  with  an 
alcoholic  solution  of  essential  oils. 

ACETIC   PERFUMES. 

Abomatic  Spieit  of  Vinegae.  1.  strong  acetic  acid 
16  oz.,  camphor  1  oz. ;  when  dissolved,  add  1  oz.  each  of 
essential  oils  of  cloves,  lavender,  and  lemon.  This  is  said 
to  resemble  Hexet's. 

2.  Glacial  acetic  acid  8  oz.,  true  oil  of  rosemary  20  grs., 
of  bergamot  15  grs.,  of  lavender  9  grs.,  of  cloves  24  grs., 
neroli  4  grs.,  cinnamon  20 ;  dissolve  the  oils  iu  2  drs.  of  rec- 
tified spirit.     For  another  formula,  see  Pocket  Formulary. 

Aromatic  Vinegars  are  made  in  France  by  infusing  various 
flowers,  &c.,  in  distilled  or  finest  wine  vinegars,  with  or 
without  the  addition  of  spirit.  Others  are  made  by  dis- 
tillation. As  they  are  seldom  required  in  this  country,  a 
few  examples  only  will  suflice. 

Rose  Vinegae.  Red  roses,  picked  and  dried,  J  lb.,  best 
vinegar  8  lbs. ;  macerate  for  a  fortnight,  with  occasional 
stirring,  and  strain  ;  then  filter. 

Lavender  Vinegae.     Fresh  lavender-flowers  1  lb.,  vinegar 


ACETIC   PEEFUMES  22S 

12  lbs.  Macerate  as  above.  It  is  sometimes  distilled, 
drawing  off  8  lbs. 

Distilled  Rose  Vinegar.  Pale  roses,  dried,  2  lbs.,  distilled 
vinegar  8  lbs.  Distil  tliree  fourtlis  by  sand-bath,  and  add 
2  lbs.  of  spirit  of  roses.  It  is  occasionally  coloured  mtb 
cochineal,  and  used  as  a  cosmetic. 

Toilet  Vinegar.  Dried  rose  leaves  4  oz.,  otto  of  roses  90 
drops,  rectified  spirit  10  oz.,  dilute  acetic  acid  40  oz.  Ma- 
cerate in  a  closed  vessel  for  14  days. — Piessb. 

ViNAiGRE  DE  BuLLT.  Esseucc  of  bergamot  40  drops; 
essence  of  lemon  30  drops  j  oil  of  rosemary  20  drops ;  oil 
of  balm  6  drops ;  oil  of  cloves,  oil  of  lavender,  oil  of 
neroli,  of  each  4  drops ;  dissolve  in  rectified  spirit  9  oz. ; 
then  mix  with  tincture  of  benzoin ;  tincture  of  sty  rax ; 
tincture  of  Tolu,  of  each  1  drachm ;  distilled  water  14  oz. ; 
diluted  acetic  acid  5  oz.  Mix  well,  let  stand,  and  filter. — 
Langbeck. 

Orange-flower  Vinegar.  Fresh  orange-flowers  1^  lbs., 
distilled  ^■inegar  8  lbs.,  spirit  of  orange-flowers  1  lb.  Mace- 
rate for  12  days,  strain  and  filter. 

ViNAiGRE  Virginal.  Benzoin  in  powder  2  oz.,  rectified 
spirit  8  oz.,  white  vinegar  2  lbs.  Digest  the  benzoin  in  the 
spirit  for  6  days,  strain,  and  add  the  vinegar  to  the  residue ; 
macerate  for  6  days,  decant,  and  add  to  it  the  tincture. 
The  next  day  filter.     It  is  chiefly  used  aa  a  cosmetic. 

ViNAiGRE  DE  COLOGNE.  To  each  pint  of  eau  de  Cologne 
add  an  ounce  of  strong  acetic  acid. 

ViNAiGRE  DE  JouvENCE.  Spirit  of  cucumber  4  oz.,  spirit  of 
storax  2  lbs.,  strong  vinegar  8  lbs. 

ViNAiGRE  DE  Flore.  Equal  parts  of  rose  vinegar,  viuaigre 
virginal,  and  orange-flower  vinegar. 

ViNAiGRE  DES  Qfatre  Volkurs.  Thieves'  vinegar.  Dried 
tops  of  large  and  small  (pontic)  wormwood,  rosemary, 
sage,  mint,  rue,  lavender-flowers,  of  each  2  oz.  j  calamus 
root,  cinnamon,  cloves,  nutmeg,  garlic,  of  each  i  oz. ; 
camphor  \  oz.,  concentrated  acetic  acid  2  oz.,  strong  vine- 
gar 8  lbs.  Macerate  the  herbs,  &c.,  in  the  vhicgar  for  a 
fortnight,  strain,  press,  and  add  the  camphor  dissolved  in 
the  acetic  acid. 


15 


226  PEBFT7MEEY 


POT  POURRI;   SCEXTED  POWDERS;   SACHETS  OR 
SCENT  BAGS;  SCENT  BALLS,  PASTILS,  &c. 

Pot  Poueei.  1.  Gather  in  the  season  the  petals  of  the  most 
fragrant  kinds  -of  roses  (witli  which  other  flowers  may  be 
mixed,  at  pleasure,  in  small  proportion) ;  spread  them  out 
to  dry  in  the  sun,  or  in  a  warm  room,  sprinkle  a  little  salt 
on  them,  and  put  them  into  a  jar,  in  which  they  are  to  be 
kept  covered  up  till  wanted  for  use.  Take  of  these  rose 
leaves  4  oz.,  dried  la^■ender  flowers  8  oz.,  vanilla,  cloves, 
storax,  and  benzoin,  all  bruised,  of  each  1  dr.,  ambergris 
20  grs.,  otto  of  roses  20  drops.     Mix. 

2.  Calamus  root,  yellow  sanders,  of  each  1  oz.,  vanilla 

1  dr.,  musk  8  grs.,  ambergris  8  grs.,  cascarilla  1  oz.,  orris 
root  3  oz.,  cinnamon  1  oz.,  lavender  flowers  1  oz.,  styi'ax 

2  drs.,  benzoin  2  drs.,  cloves  2  drs.,  coriander  seed  1  oz., 
nutmegs  2  di's.,  otto  of  roses  20  drops,  oil  of  neroli  10 
drops.     The  dry  ingredients  to  be  coarsely  bruised.     Mix. 

3.  French.  Take  the  petals  of  the  pale  and  red  roses, 
puiks,  violets,  moss  rose,  orange-flower,  lily  of  the  valley, 
acacia  flowers,  clove-gilliflowers,  mignonette,  heliotrope, 
jonquils;  with  a  small  proportion  of  the  flowers  of  myrtle, 
balm,  rosemary,  and  thyme  ;  spread  them  out  for  some 
days,  and  as  they  become  dry,  jDut  them  into  a  jar  with 
alternate  layers  of  dry  salt,  mixed  with  orris  powder,  till 
the  vessel  is  full.  Close  it  for  a  month,  then  stir  the  whole 
up,  and  moisten  it  with  rose-water. 

4.  Orris  root  16  oz.,  dried  acacia  flowers  8  oz.,  dried 
bergamot-peel  2  oz.,  musk  seed  i  oz.,  cloves  \  oz. ;  pound 
them  together. 

5.  Dry  rose  leaves  quickly  on  a  ■nicker  tray,  in  a  warm 
place.  To  a  pint  of  the  petals  add  powdered  orris  2  oz., 
pimento  i  oz.,  cascarilla  5  oz.,  musk  2  grs.,  otto  of  roses  2 
drops,  bruised  cloves  i  oz. 

Sachets  oe  Scent  Bags.  The  pot  pourrl  No.  2  or  4  may 
be  put  into  bags,  alone,  or  with  any  perfume  to  increase 
the  strength.  Or  coarsely  powdered  patchouli  (a  herb  of 
the  Pogostemon  genus)  may  be  used,  with  any  other  per- 
fume. Or  the  bags  may  be  filled  with  carded  cotton  mixed 
with  any  of  the  following  scented  powders. 


I 


SCENTED   POWDEBS,  BALLS,  ETC.'  227 


SCE>'TED   POWDEES,   BaLIS,   &C. 

Eose.     Powdered  starch  3  oz.,  carmine  to  colour,  otto  of  roses 

3  drops,  orris  powder  1  oz. 
Violet.     Orris  powder  4  oz.,  essence  of  bergamot  20  drops, 

essence  of  ambergris  20  drops. 
Foudre  de  Chi/pre.     Oak-moss  is  macerated  in  clean  water 

for  a  day  or  two,  and  strongly  pressed  in  a  cloth ;  it  is 

then  moistened   with  rose-water   mixed  with   a  third  of 

orange-flower  water  for  two  days,  pressed,  and  pulverized. 

It  serves  as  a  basis  for  other  perfumes,  the  power  of  which 

it  is  said  to  increase. 
Poudre  a  la  Mousseline.  Orris  root  16  oz.,  coriander-seed  8  oz., 

musk-seed  2  oz.,  cinnaiuon,  cloves,  and  sandal-wood,  each 

1  oz.,  star  aniseed  i  oz.,  mace,  ginger,  and  violet  ebony, 
of  each  2  oz. ;  beat  them  to  a  powder,  and  pass  through  a 
sieve. 

Foudre  a  I'  (Fillet .  Red  roses  48  oz.,  orris  48  oz.,  cloves  6  oz., 
bergamot-peel  20  oz.,  musk  seed  24  oz.,  cinnamon  6  oz., 
long  cyperus  6  oz.,  pale  roses  26  oz.,  di'ied  acacia  flowers, 
orange  flowers,  and  clove  stalks,  of  each  8  oz. 

Foudre  a  la  Mareschale.  Oak  moss  in  powder  2  lbs.,  plain 
starch  powder  1  lb.,  cloves  1  oz.,  calamus  2  oz.,  cyperus  2 
oz.,  rotten  oak-wood  powder  2  oz. ;  mix. — Gray. 

Fortugal.  Dried  orange-peel  1  oz.,  di'ied  bergamot-peel,  |  oz., 
cloves  4  oz.,  storax  1  dr.,  ambergi'is  8.grs.,  benzoin  a  drachm, 
musk  seed  a  scruple,  musk  4  grs. 

Scented  Balls,  Medallioxs,  &c.  Fastilles  de  Toilette 
odorantes.  These  consist  of  perfumed  powdei-s  made  into 
a  paste,  and  moulded  to  any  desired  form  before  drjing. 
The  above  scent  powders  beaten  up  with  mucilage  of  tra- 
gacanth  wiU  answer  the  purpose ;  or  the  following  : 

1.  Beat  the  fresh  petals  of  red  roses  in  an  iron  mortar 
to  a  smooth  paste,  with  a  few  drops  of  essence  of  amber- 
gris, or  other  suitable  perfume.  It  becomes  sufficiently 
smooth  to  take  a  polish. 

2.  Powdered  orris,  oak  moss,  and  poudre  de  mousseline, 
of  each  1  oz;  lamp-black,  or  other  colour,  q.  s.  Form 
into  a  stiff  paste,  with  a  .jelly  made  of  6  di's.  of  isinglass, 

2  of  tragacanth,  and  boiling  water  q.  s.  Make  it  into  beads 


223  fElllPtJMEEY 

by  means  of  a  pill-maclihie,  or  into  any  ornamental  form 
by  moulds. 

3.  Jessamine  flowers  1  oz.,  powdered  gum  tragacauth 
^  oz.,  vermilion  2  oz. 

4.  Yellow  Sanders,  cyperus,  cloves,  balsam  of  Peru,  of 
each  2  drs.,  benzoin  and  styrax,  of  each  5  oz.,  musk  and 
civet,  of  each  10  grs.,  oil  of  cinnamon  5  drops,  oil  of  rhodium 
15  drops,  essence  of  jessamine  1  dr.,  neroli  20  drops,  ivory- 
black  li  oz.,  Paris  plaster  2  oz.,  mucilage  of  tragacanth, 
made  with  rose-water,  q.  s.     As  the  last. 

Pastils  for  BuRNiNa.  1.  Yellow  sanders  3  oz.,  styrax 
4  oz.,  benzoin  3  oz.,  olibanum  6  oz.,  cascarilla  6  oz.,  am- 
bergris 1  dr.,  Penivian  balsam  2  drs.,  myrrh  1^  oz.,  nitre 
li  oz.,  oil  of  cinnamon  20  drops,  oil  of  cloves  ^  dr.,  otto 
30  to  60  drops,  oil  of  lavender  I4  drs.,  balsam  of  Tolu  l.J 
oz.,  camphor  ^  oz.,  strong  acetic  acid  2  oz.,  charcoal  3  lbs. ; 
mix  s.  a.,  and  beat  into  a  paste  with  mucilage  of  traga- 
canth, and  form  into  conical  pastils.  A  second  and  third 
quality  may  be  made  by  using,  respectively,  4  and  5  lbs. 
instead  of  3  lbs.  of  charcoal.  These  are  highly  approved, 
but  rather  expensive. 

2.  {Clous  fumans  of  the  French  Codex.)  Benzoin  2  oz., 
balsam  of  Tolu  \  oz.,  labdanum  1  dr.,  yellow  sanders  |  oz., 
light  charcoal  6  oz.,  nitre  4  oz.,  mucilage  of  tragacanth 
q.  s.  Reduce  the  substances  to  powder,  and  form  into  a 
paste  with  the  mucilage,  and  divide  into  small  cones  with 
a  tripod  base. 

3.  Powdered  cascarilla  8  oz.,  benzoin  4  oz.,  yellow  san- 
.    ders  2  oz.,  styrax  calamita  2  oz.,  olibanum  2  oz.,  charcoal 

3  lbs.,  nitre  IJ  oz.,  mucilage  of  tragacanth  q.  s. 

4.  Benzoin  1  oz.,  cascarilla  1  oz.,  myrrh  8  scruples, 
oil  of  nutmeg  4  scruples,  oil  of  cloves  4  scruples,  nitre 
I  oz.,  charcoal  6  oz.,  mucilage  of  tragacanth,  q.  s. — Dr. 
Paris. 

1XCE5SE.  1.  Styrax  2\  oz.,  benzoin  12  oz.,  musk  15 
grains,  burnt  sugar  \  oz.,  frankincense  2i  oz.,  gum  traga- 
canth Ij  oz.,  rose  water  sufficient  to  form  a  miss;  to  be 
divided  into  small  tablets. — Mr.  Astley. 

2.  Powdered  cascarilla  2  oz.,  myrrh,  styrax,  benzoin, 
thus.  Burgundy  pitch,  each  1  oz.  Mix.— Mr.  Atkins 
(Ph.  Journal), 


PASTILS  229 

Mouth  Pastils.     Dry  compounds  for  perfuming  or  correct- 
ing the  breath. 

Caehou  Aromatise.  The  basis  of  these  compounds,  as 
the  name  implies,  was  originally  catechu,  with  which  va- 
rious odoriferous  substances  were  combined.  The  cutechn, 
however,  is  now  often  omitted.  The  following  are  some 
of  the  most  approved  forms  : 

_  1.  Extract  of  liquorice  3  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  1\  drs.,  oil  of 
cinnamon  15  drops  :  mix,  and  divide  into  one-grain  pills, 
and  silver  them. 

2.  (M.  Chetaxlier's.)  Chocolate  powder  and  ground 
coffee,  of  each  1^  oz.,  prepared  charcoal  1  oz.,  sugar  1  oz., 
vanilla  (pulverised  with  the  sugar)  1  oz.,  mucilage  q.  s. 
Make  into  lozenges  of  any  form,  of  which  6  to  8  may  be 
used  daily  to  disinfect  the  breath. 

3.  Caehou  de  Bologne.  Bologna  Catechu.  Extract  of 
liquorice  3  oz.,  water  3  oz.,  dissolve  by  heat  in  a  water- 
bath,  and  add  catechu  1  oz.,  gum  arable  i  oz. ;  evaporate 
to  the  consistence  of  an  extract,  and  add  (in  powder) 
i  dr.  each  of  mastic,  cascarilla,  charcoal,  and  orris  :  remove 
from  the  fire,  and  add  oil  of  peppermint  i  dr.,  essence  of 
ambergris  and  essence  of  musk  each  5  drops ;  roll  it  flat 
on  an  oiled  marble  slab,  and  cut  it  into  very  small  lozenges. 
[Or  it  may  be  rolled  into  small  pills,  and  silvered.  They 
are  chiefly  used  by  smokers.] 

_  4.  Catechu  7  drs.,  orris  powder  40  grains,  sugar  3  oz., 
oil  of  rosemary  (or  of  peppermint,  cloves,  or  cinnamon)  4 
drops,  or  q.  s.     Proceed  as  for  the  last. 

5.  Caehou  Aromatise.  Extract  of  liquorice  and  water, 
of  each  3^  oz. ;  dissolve  in  a  water-bath,  and  add  Bengal 
catechu  in  powder,  462  gi-ains,  and  gum  arable  in  powder 
231  grains ;  evaporate  to  an  extract,  and  then  Incorporate 
the  following  substances,  first  reduced  to  a  fine  powder  : — 
Mastic,  cascarilla,  charcoal,  and  orris  root,  of  each  30 
grains;  melt  the  mass  to  a  proper  consistence,  remove 
it  from  the  fire,  and  then  add  English  oil  of  peppermint 
30  drops,  tinctures  of  ambergris  and  musk,  of  each  5  drops ; 
pour  it  now  on  an  oiled  slab,  and  spread  it  out,  by  means 
of  a  roller,  to  the  thickness  of  a  sixpenny  piece.  When 
cool,  apply  some  folds  of  blotting-paper  to  absorb  any 
adherent  oil,  moisten  jthe  surface  with  water,  and  cover  i^ 


230  PERFUMERY 

with  sheets  of  silver  leaf.  Allow  it  to  dry,  and  finally 
divide  it  into  thin  strips,  and  these  again  into  small  pieces, 
about  the  size  of  a  fenugreek  seed. — (Journal  de  Phar- 
macie.) 
Pastils  oe  Lozenges,  with  chlorine,  for  disinfecting  the 
breath.  1.  Sugar  flavoured  with  vanilla  1  oz.,  powdered 
tragacanth  20  grs.,  liquid  chloride  of  soda  q.  s.,  any  essen- 
tial oil  2  drops.  Form  a  paste,  and  divide  into  lozenges 
of  15  grs.  each. 

2.  Dry  chloride  of  lime  2  drs.,  sugar  8  oz.,  starch  1  oz., 
gum  tragacanth  1  dr.,  carmine  2  grs.  Form  into  small 
lozenges. 


SKIN   COSMETICS. 


WASHES    FOE    THE    FACE,  &c. 

Aqua  Cosmetica.  Cosmetic  Lotion.  1.  Emulsion  of  bitter 
almoncls  3  oz.  ;  rose  and  orange-flower  water,  of  each 
4  oz. ;  borax  1  dr.,  tincture  of  benzoin  2  drs. ;  mix. — Dr. 
Copland. 

2.  Elder-flower  water  a  pint,  borax  ^  oz.,  can  de  Cologne 
1  oz. ;  mix. 

Kaltdor.  The  following  is  said  to  resemble  Kalydor  and 
Gowland's  lotion.  Bitter  almonds  blanched  1  oz.,  cor- 
rosive sublimate  8  grs.,  rose  water  16  oz. 

Milk  of  Roses.  Sweet  almonds  5  oz.,  bitter  almonds 
1  oz.,  rose-water  2^  pints,  white  curd  soap  ^  oz.,  oil  of 
almonds  i  oz.,  spermaceti  2  oz.,  white  wax  i  oz.,  English 
oil  of  lavender  20  drops,  otto  of  roses  20  drops,  rectified 
spirit  a  pint.  Blanch  the  almonds,  and  beat  them  with 
the  soap  and  a  little  of  the  rose-water.  Melt  together  the 
oil  of  almonds,  spermaceti,  and  white  wax,  and  mix  with 
the  former  into  a  cream,  and  strain  it  through  fine 
muslin.  Then  add  gradually  the  remaining  rose-water, 
and  lastly  the  spirit,  with  the  essential  oils  dissolved 
therein. 

2.  A  common  kind  is  made  by  mixing  1  oz.  of  fine  olive 
oil  with  ten  drops  of  oil  of  tartar,  and  a  pint  of  rose- 
water. 

3.  Bitter  almonds  6  drs.,  sweet  almonds  12  drs.,  blanch, 
dry,  and  beat  up  with  1  dr.  of  Castile  soap;  gradually 
adding  15  grs.  of  spermaceti,  30  gi-s.  of  white  wax,  and  a 
dr.  of  almond  oil,  melted  together.  When  thoroughly 
incorporated,  add  gradually  six  drops  of  otto  of  roses,  dis- 
solved in  6  oz.  of  rectified  spirit,  and  14  oz.  of  distilled 
water. 

Milk  of  Cfcumbees.  In  the  same  manner  as  milk  of 
roses,  substituting  juice  of  cucumbers  for  the  rose-water. 


232  SKIN   COSMETICS 

Milk  of  Hou8eleee;.  As  milk  of  roses,  No.  1,  substi- 
tuting expressed  juice  of  houseleek  for  a  pint  of  the  rose- 
water. 

Alibeet's  Cosmhtic.  Cucumber  pomade  (see  below)  3  oz., 
almond  soap  1  oz.,  rose  water  a  quart.  Mix  the  pomade 
and  soap,  ajid  add  the  rose  water  gradually. 

Siemmeeling's  Cosmetic.  Make  an  emulsion  with  1  oz.  of 
sweet  almonds,  ^  oz.  bitter  almonds,  black  cherry-water 
10  oz. ;  and  bichloride  of  mercury  5  grs.,  tincture  of  benzoin 
5  drs.,  lemon  iuice  i  oz. 

Witheeing's  (Dr.)  Cosmetic.  An  infusion  of  horseradish 
in  milk. 

Lait  Viegtnal.  Virgin's  Milk.  Simple  tincture  of  ben- 
zoin 2  drs.,  orange-flower  water  8  oz.  It  may  be  varied  by 
using  rose  or  elder-flower  water. 

Lait  de  Feaichette.  Double  rose-water  8  oz.,  tincture  of 
benzoin  4  drs.,  balsam  of  Mecca  ^  oz. 

Schcbaeth's  Cosmetic  Emulsiojt.  Almond  emulsion  (made 
with  rose-water)  8  oz.,  tincture  of  benzoin  3  drs. 

Italian  Cosmetic  "Wash.  Melilot  water  12  oz.,  tincture  of 
benzoin  2  drs. 

AuGrsTiN's.  Rose  water  8  oz.,  salt  of  tartar  2  drs.,  tincture 
of  benzoin  3  drs. 

Kittoe's  Lotion  foe  Feeckles.  1.  Chloride  of  ammonium 
1  dr.,  spring-wat€r  a  pint,  lavender-water  2  drs.  Apply 
with  a  sponge  2  or  3  times  a  day. 

2.  Sulpho-carbolate  of  zinc  2  parts,  glycerine  25  parts, 
rose  water  25  parts,  eau  de  Cologne  5  parts. 

Lemon  Ceeam  foe  Sxtneuens,  Feeckles,  &c.  Sweet  cream 
1  oz.,  new  milk  8  oz.,  juice  of  lemon,  brandy,  or  eau  de 
Cologne  1  oz.,  alum  1  oz.,  sugar  1  dr.  Boil  and  skim. 
Buttermilk  is  used  for  the  same  purpose. 

Lemon  Emeeocation  foe  Feeckles,  &c.  Borax  15  grs., 
lemon  juice  1  oz.,  sugar  candy  i  dr. ;  mix  the  powders  with 
the  juice,  and  let  them  stand  in  the  bottle,  shaking  occa- 
sionally, till  they  are  dissolved. 

PASTES,  POMADES,  COLD  CREAMS,  LIP-SALVE,  &c. 

Pommadb  de  Bbatjt£.  Melt  together  in  an  earthen  vessel 
placed  in  hot  water,  white  wax  IJ  drs.,  spermaceti  2  dis., 


PASTES,  POMADES,  COLD  CREAMS,  ETC.        233 

oil  of  sweet  almonds  2  oz.,  virgin  olive  oil  i  oz.,  oil  of 
poppies  i  oz. ;  beat  them  with  a  few  drops  of  balsam  of 
Pern. 

CucuMBEH  Pomatum,  for  softening  and  cooling  the  slcin. 
Clarified  lard  4  lbs.,  veal  suet  1  lb.,  juice  of  cucumbers  3 
lbs. ;  melt  the  two  former  together,  then  beat  them  up 
assiduously  with  the  juice.  Next  day,  pour  off  the  juice 
that  has  separated,  and  add  the  same  quantity  of  fresh  to 
the  melted  pomade.  Repeat  this  six  times,  or  imtil  the 
pomade  is  sufficiently  imbued  with  the  odour  of  ciicnm- 
bers.  Then  melt  the  pomade  by  a  water-bath,  and  mix 
with  it  3  drs.  of  powdered  white  starch  ;  let  it  settle,  and 
before  it  is  too  cold,  pour  it  ofP  into  small  pots,  taking  care 
not  to  disturb  the  dregs.  See  Unguentum  Citcumis, 
Pocket  Formulary. 

POMMADE  d'Hebe.     Incorporate  together  juice  of  lily-bulbs 

2  oz.,  Narbonne  honey  2  oz.,  white  wax  1  oz.,  rose-water 

3  drs. ;  melt  the  wax  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  the  other 
ingredients.  To  be  applied  at  night,  and  not  wiped  ofE  till 
morning.  To  remove  wrinJcles.  Probably  cod-liver  oil, 
used  externally  and  internally,  would  be  a  more  successful 
though  less  agreeable  remedy. 

Pate  Divine  de  Venus.     Mix  equal  parts  of  washed  lard, 

fresh  butter,  and  white  honey  j  add  balsam  of  Mecca  and 

otto  of  roses,  to  perfume. 
PoMMADE  DE  NiNON.     Oil  of  sweet  almonds  4  oz.,  washed 

lard  3  oz.,  juice  of  houseleek  3  oz. ;  mix.     Softening  and 

cooling. 

POMMADE  EN  Creme.  Melt  together  1  dr.  each  of  white 
wax  and  spermaceti,  add  oil  of  sweet  almonds  2  oz. ; 
pour  it  into  a  warm  mortar,  and  gradually  stir  in  5  oz.  of 
rose  or  other  perfumed  water,  and  1  dr.  of  tincture  of 
Tolu. 

Lemon  Cbeam.  Melt  together  2  drs.  of  spermaceti  and  1  oz. 
of  oil  of  almonds;  and  as  it  cools,  stir  in  16  drops  of 
essence  of  lemon. 

Com  Cbeam.     1.  Oil  of  almonds  16  oz.,  white  wax  4  oz., 
melt  together  in  an  earthen  vessel,  and  when  nearly  cold, 
stir  in,  by  little  and  little,  12  oz.  of  rose  water, 
2.  Melt  together  white  wax  2  oz.,  oil  of  almonds  8  oz., 


234  SKIN  COSMETICS 

and  stir  in  4  oz.  of  rose-water.     Next  day  add  6  drops  of 
otto  of  roses. 

3.  "WTiite  wax  and  spermaceti,  of  each  ^  oz.,  oil  of 
almonds  4  oz.,  orange-flower  water  2  oz.  j  mix  s.  a. 

4.  As  No.  3,  but  without  the  orange-flower  water. 

5.  Lard  16  oz.,  white  wax  2  oz.,  olive  oil  1  oz.,  magis- 
tery  of  bismuth  1  oz. 

6.  White  wax  1  oz.,  almond  or  olive  oil  1  oz.,  rose-water 
1  oz.,  glycerin  2  drs. 

N.B.  Those  cold  creams  are  generally  preferred  for  pre- 
sent use  which  contain  rose  or  other  water,  but  they  keep 
longer  without  them. 

Geantjlated  Cold  Cream.  Melt  together  1  oz.  each  of 
white  wax  and  spermaceti,  with  3  oz.  of  almond  oil; 
when  a  little  cooled,  pour  the  mixture  into  a  large 
Wedgewood  mortar  pre\"iously  warmed,  and  containing 
about  a  pint  of  warm  water.  Stir  briskly  until  the  cream 
is  M-ell  divided,  add  sufficient  otto  of  roses  to  scent  it,  and 
pour  the  whole  suddenly  into  a  clean  vessel  containing 
8  or  10  pints  of  cold  water.  Throw  the  whole  on  muslin, 
and  shake  out  as  much  water  as  possible. — Mr.  Owen, 
Dublin. 

PoMMADE  Divine.  Put  3  lbs.  of  beef  marrow  into  an 
eartlien  vessel,  and  cover  it  with  cold  water,  changing 
the  water  daily  for  a  few  days,  and  usmg  rose-water  the 
last  day;  press  out  the  water  and  add  to  the  marrow, 
styrax  calamita,  benzoin,  Chio  turpentine,  each  4  oz. ; 
orris  powder  1  oz. ;  powdered  cinnamon,  cloves,  nutmeg, 
of  each  ^  oz.  Place  them  in  a  well-tinned  vessel  in  a 
water-bath,  and  keep  the  water  boiling  for  three  hours ; 
then  strain. 

AxMOND  Paste  FOB  THE  Skin.  1.  Powdered  bitter  almonds 
4  oz.,  white  of  egg  1  oz.,  beat  them  well  together  to  a 
smooth  paste,  with  eqvial  parts  of  spirits  of  wine  and  rose- 
water. 

2.  Sweet  and  bitter  almonds,  blanched,  of  each  2  oz. ; 
spermaceti  2  drs.,  oil  of  almonds  5  oz. ;  Windsor  soap 
i  oz. ;  rose-water  1  oz.,  or  q.  s. ;  otto  of  roses,  and  oil  of 
bergamot,  of  each  12  drops. 

3.  (Camphorated.)     To  either  of  the  above  add  2  drs.  of 


PASTES,  POMADES,  COLD  CEEAMS,  ETC.       235 

po-wdered  camphor.  A  few  drops  of  oil  of  bitter  almonds 
may  be  substituted  for  the  otto  and  bergamot. 

4.  {French.)  Blanch  12  oz.  of  bitter  almonds  and  beat 
them  in  a  mortar  with  a  small  quantity  of  rose  or  other 
water  to  a  smooth  paste;  then  add  7  oz.  of  rice  flour, 
3  oz.  of  bean  flour,  1  oz.  of  orris  powder,  and  when  per- 
fectly mixed,  \  oz.  of  carbonate  of  potash  dissolved  in 
rose-water ;  again  beat  together,  and  add  3  oz  of  spiritu- 
ous essence  of  jessamine,  2  drops  of  oil  of  rhodium,  and 
1  of  neroli. 

Almond  and  Honey  Paste.  Fine  honey  may  be  added  to 
either  of  the  preceding ;  or  mix  16  oz.  of  clarified  honey 
with  16  oz.  of  bitter  almond  powder ;  and  add  gradually, 
in  alternate  portions,  32  oz.  of  oil  of  almonds,  and  the 
yolks  of  5  eggs. 

Honey  Paste.  Pdte  au  Miel.  It  is  sometimes  made  as  the 
lastj  or  by  mixing  clarified  honey  with  cold  cream,  or 
some  similar  compound. 

Camphor  Balis,  for  rubbing  on  the  hands,  after  washing 
them,  to  prevent  chaps,  &c.  1.  Melt  3  drs.  of  spermaceti, 
and  4  drs.  of  white  wax,  with  1  oz.  of  almond  oil,  and  stir 
in  3  drs.  of  powdered  camphor.  Pour  the  compound  into 
small  gallipots,  so  as  to  form  hemispherical  cakes.  They 
may  be  coloured  with  alkanet,  &c. 

2.  Lard  3  oz.,  white  wax  2  oz.,  camphor  \  oz. 

3.  Spermaceti  3  oz.,  white  wax  1  oz.,  olive  oil  4  oz. ; 
melt  together,  and  add  1^  oz.  of  powdered  camphor,  and 
stir  it  well. 

■  4.  Melt  3  drs.  of  spermaceti,  and  4  drs.  of  white  wax, 
with  1  oz.  of  almond  oil,  and  stir  in  3  drs.  of  powdered 
camphor. 

Camphob  Ice.  Melt  1  dr.  of  spermaceti  with  1  oz.  of 
almond  oil,  and  add  1  dr.  of  powdered  camphor. 

Almond  Powdee.  (Cosmetic.)  This  is  prepared  by  grind- 
ing the  marc  or  cake  left  after  expressing  the  oil  from 
sweet  or  bitter  almonds.  It  is  sometimes  perfumed,  and 
mixed  \vith  other  ingredients.  It  is  used  for  cleansing 
the  skin,  and  is  less  irritating  than  soap. 

Almond  Wash  Po-wdkr.  1.  Almond  powder  (from  ex- 
pressed bitter  almonds)  16  oz.,  rice  flour  2  oz.,  powdered 


236  SKIX    COSMETICS 

soap  1  oz.,  orris  powder  1  oz.,  bergamot  or  otlier  scent 
q.  p. 

2.  Almond  powder  (as  above)  16  oz.,  powdered  benzoin 
i  oz.,  oil  of  bitter  almonds  10  drops.  For  cleaning  the 
hands  and  removing  any  unpleasant  smell.  To  render  it 
more  detergent,  4  oz.  of  fine  sand,  or  powdered  pumice- 
stone  may  be  added. 

3.  Geouxd  MrsTAED,  mixed  with  a  little  water  and 
rubbed  over  the  hands,  removes  strong  odours  from  tliem. 
Linseed  meal  answers  the  same  purpose. 

Rose  Lip  Saive.     1.  Oil  of  almonds  3  oz.,  alkanet  \  oz. ; 

digest  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  filter.     Melt  IJ  oz.  white 

wax  and  2-  oz.  spermaceti  ^vith  the  filtered  oil,  stir  it  until 

it  begins  to  thicken,  and  add  from  12  to  36  drops  of  otto 

of  roses. 

2.  Wliite  wax  1  oz.,  oil  of  sweet  almonds  2  oz.,  alkanet 

1  dr.  J  digest  till  coloured,  strain,  and  add  6  drops  of  otto 

of  roses. 
Perttvian  Lip  Salve.     As  either  of  the  above,  substituting 

20  or  30  drops  of  Peruvian  balsam  for  tlie  otto ;  8  drops 

of  oil  of  lavender  may  be  added. 
Grape   Lip   Salve.     Pomade   au  raisin  pour   les  levres. 

Put  into  a  glazed  earthen  pipkin  ^  lb.  of  fresh  butter, 

i  lb.  fine  yellow  wax,  1  oz.  of  alkanet,  and  3  bunches  of 

black  grapes ;  boil  together,  and  strain  without  pressure 

througli  linen. 
Feexch  Lip  Salve.     Lard  16  oz.,  white  wax  2  oz. ;  nitre 

and  alum  in  fine  powder,  of  each  5  oz. ;  alkanet  to  colour. 
German  Lip  Salve.     Butter  of  cacao  ^  oz.,  oil  of  almonds 

5  oz. ;  melt  together  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  6  drops 

of  essence  of  lemon. 
Gants  Cosmetiques.     These  are  white  kid  gloves,  which 

have  been  turned   inside  out,  and  brushed  over  with   a 

melted   compound  of  wax,   oil,   lard,   balsam,  &c.     The 

Peruvian  lip  salve,  without  any  alkanet,  may  answer  the 

jjurpose.     For    oftening  the  hands. 

FACE   PAINTS.     FARDS. 

Fine  Carmine  (prepared  from  cochineal)  is  used  alone,  or 
reduced  with  starch,  &c.     And  also  tlie  colouring  matter 


fOlLUT    SOAPS,  ETC.  237 

of  safflower  and  other  vegetable  colours,  in  the  form  of 
pink  saucers,  &c. 

EoUGE  is  prepared  from  carmine,  and  the  colouring  matter 
of  safflower,  by  mixing  them  with  finely  levigated  French 
chalk  or  talc,  generally  with  the  atldition  of  a  few  drops 
of  olive  or  almond  oil.  Sometimes  fine  white  starch  is 
used  as  the  reducing  ingredient.  It  is  used  in  the  form 
of  powder,  pomade,  and  crejpons — the  latter  being  pieces 
of  crape  imbued  with  the  colouring  matter.  For  com- 
mon purposes,  vermilion  is  used ;  and  it  is  sometimes  pre- 
pared for  this  purpose  by  mixing  it  with  a  few  drops  of 
almond  oil  and  of  mucilage  of  tragacanth,  placing  the 
mixture  in  rouge  pots,  and  di'ying  it  by  a  very  gentle 
heat. 

Almond  Bloom.  Boil  1  oz.  of  Brazil  dust  in  3  pints  of 
distilled  water,  and  strain ;  add  6  di's.  of  isinglass,  2  drs. 
of  cochuieal,  1  oz.  of  alum,  and  3  drs.  of  borax ;  boil 
again,  and  strain  through  a  fine  cloth. — Gbax's  Supple- 
ment. 

Face  Whites.  One  of  most  innocent  kind  is  prepared 
from  Venetian  talc,  or  French  chalk,  finely  le\'igated. 
These  are  sometimes  calcined,  to  increase  their  whiteness ; 
but  this  dimmishes  their  mictuosity  and  adhesiveness.  Di- 
gestion with  vinegar,  and  subsequent  washing,  are  prac- 
tised for  the  same  purpose.  Flake  white  (a  fine  variety 
of  white  lead)  was  formerly  much  used,  but  is  now 
generally  condemned  as  unsafe ;  it  is  also  liable  to  become 
browni  under  certain  circumstances.  Pearl  or  bismuth 
white  (magistery  of  bismuth*)  is  less  injurious  when  pure, 
but  is  subject  to  the  latter  inconvenience.  M.  Thenaed 
recommends  oxide  of  zinc,  with  an  equal  weight  of  French 
chalk  prepared  by  vinegar.  ]\Iagnesia  is  said  to  be  em- 
ployed by  by  the  American  ladies.  White  starch  is  used 
for  the  same  purpose. 

*  For  tliis  purpose  a  little  hydrochloric  acid  is  added  to  the  solution  of  the 
metal  in  nitric  acid,  and  the  magistery  is  precipitated  by  a  small  quantity  of 
water  ;  or  the  nitric  solution  is  iiiixed  with  a  weak  solution  ot  sea  salt .  Dr. 
Ure  s'ates  tliat  the  prccpitate  thusacquires  a  more  pearly  lustre. 


238  SKIN   COSMETICa 


TOILET  SOAPS,  &c. 

As  the  retail  di'uggists  and  perfumers  do  not  generally  make 
their  own  soap  in  the  first  instance,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
mention  the  means  by  wliich  the  soap,  as  it  comes  from 
the  manufacturers,  is  prepared  for  the  toilet. 

Scented  Soaps,  in  general.  Cut  the  best  white  curd  soap, 
(or  for  some  kmds,  palm  soap)  into  thin  shavings,  and 
place  it  in  a  copper  vessel,  with  sufficient  distilled  water, 
and  heat  it  by  a  water-bath  till  the  whole  is  uniformly 
liquefied.  Let  it  cool  to  135"  F. ;  then  add  the  colouring 
matter  and  perfumes.  On  the  large  scale  these  additions 
may  be  mixed  with  the  liquid  soap  at  the  maker's,  before 
it  is  poiired  into  the  fi'ames.  The  quantity  of  perfume 
used  must  depend  on  the  price  at  which  it  is  to  be  sold. 

Almond  Soap.  To  one  hmidredweight  of  the  best  hard 
white  soap,  melted  as  above,  add  20  oz.  of  essential  oil 
of  bitter  almonds.  (Soap  really  made  from  expressed 
almond  oil  is,  we  apprehend,  rarely  met  with  in  com- 
merce.) 

Savon  au  Bouquet.  Melt  60  lbs.  of  white  curd  soap  as 
above,  and  8  oz.  of  oil  of  bergamot,  1^  oz.  each  of  oils  of 
cloves,  sassafras,  and  thyme,  f  oz.  of  neroli,  and  14  oz.  or 
q.  s.  brown  ochre. 

Rose  Soap.  Put  into  a  copper  vessel,  placed  in  boiling 
water,  20  lbs.,  of  white  curd  soap,  and  30  lbs.  of  olive  oil 
soap,  both  in  thin  shavings ;  add  5  lbs.  of  soft  water,  or 
rose-water ;  keep  the  heat  below  boiling  till  the  soap  is 
uniformly  liquefied,  then  add  12  oz.  of  finely  sifted  ver- 
milion, or  enough  to  produce  the  required  tint.  With- 
draw it  from  the  fire,  and  when  sufficiently  cool,  add  3^  oz. 
of  otto  of  roses,  ^  oz.  of  oil  of  cloves,  ^  oz.  of  oil  of  cin- 
namon, and  2^  oz.  bergamot.  For  a  cheaper  article  use 
less  perfume. 

WiNDSOE  Soap.  This  is  said  to  be  made  with  lard.  In 
France  they  use  lard  with  a  portion  of  olive  or  bleached 
palm  oil.  Dr.  PEEErEA  states  that  it  is  made  with  one 
])art  of  olive  oil  to  nine  of  tallow.  But  a  great  part  of 
M'hat  is  sold  is  probably  only  curd  (tallow)  soap,  scented 
with  oil  of  caraway  and  bergamot.  The  brown  is  probably 
coloured  with  burnt  sugar,  or  umber. 


TOILET   SOAPS,  ETC.  239 

Honey  Soap.  "VVliite  curd  soap  1^  lbs.,  brown  Windsor  soap 
i  lb. ;  cut  them  into  thin  sha\'ings,  and  liquefy  as  directed 
above  for  scented  soaps  :  then  add  4  oz.  of  honey,  and 
keej)  it  melted  till  most  of  the  water  is  evaporated ;  then 
remove  from  the  fire,  and  when  cool  enough,  add  any 
essential  oil.  According  to  Piesse  the  honey  soap  usually 
sold,  consists  of  fine  yellow  soap  perfumed  with  oil  of 
citronella. 

Floating  Soaps.  These  are  made  by  liquefying,  as  de- 
scribed above,  30  lbs.  of  oil  soap  with  about  5  lbs.  of  water, 
and  agitating  the  mixture,  by  a  suitable  wooden  apparatus 
turned  by  a  handle,  till  the  froth  arises  to  the  top  of  the 
vessel.  It  is  then  put  into  frames  to  cool.  These  soaps 
are  variously  perfumed  and  coloured. 

Teanspaeent  Soap.  Cut  fine  white  curd  soap  into  thin 
shavings,  and  dry  them  with  a  gentle  heat  till  they  can  be 
reduced  to  powder.  Put  2  lbs.  of  this  powder  into  a  water- 
bath  with  5  or  6  pints  of  rectified  spirit  of  \\dne,  and  heat 
it  gently  (taking  care  that  the  water  does  not  quite  boil) 
till  the  solution  is  complete  ;  add  the  perfume  and  pour 
into  the  frames.  Wlien  cold,  cut  it  into  squares.  They 
must  be  kept  some  time  in  a  dry  place  before  they  can 
attain  their  full  degree  of  transparency.  By  usmg  a  still, 
most  of  the  spirit  may  be  recovered  for  future  use. 

Wash  Balis.  Savonettes.  These  are  made  from  various 
kinds  of  soap,  usually  with  the  addition  of  powdered 
starch,  or  hair-powder,  or  of  rice  flour,  together  with  per- 
fuming and  colouring  ingredients.  They  are  formed  into 
spherical  balls  by  taking  a  mass  of  the  prepared  soap  in 
the  left  hand,  and  a  conical  drinking  glass  with  rather 
thin  edges  in  the  right.  By  turning  the  glass  and  ball  of 
soap  in  every  direction,  the  rounded  form  is  soon  given  j 
when  dry  the  surface  is  scraped  to  render  it  more  smooth 
and  even.  One  or  two  examples  of  this  kind  of  soap  will 
suffice. 

Common  oe  Lemon  Wash  Balls.  Cut  6  lbs.  of  soap  into 
very  small  pieces ;  melt  it  in  a  pint  of  water  in  which 
6  lemons  have  been  boiled.  \Vlien  melted,  withdraw  tlie 
soap  from  the  fire,  and  add  3  lbs.  of  powdered  starch,  and  a 
little  essence  of  lemon ;  knead  the  whole  into  a  paste  and 
form  into  balls  of  the  desired  size. 


240  §EtN   COSMETldS 

Ceeaji  Wash  Balls.  White  curd  soap  7  lbs.,  powdered 
starch  1  lb. ;  water  or  rose-water,  q.  s.  Beat  the  whole 
together,  and  form  into  balls. — Geay's  Supplement. 

Camphor  Wash  Balls.  White  soap  1  lb.,  spermaceti  1  oz., 
water  q.  s.  j  melt  together  and  add  1  oz.  of  powdered 
camphor. 

Mrs.  Stmond's  Soap  Paste  foe  the  Hands.  Best  soft 
soap  (from  olive  oil  and  potash  if  procurable)  16  oz., 
spermaceti  4  oz.,  best  olive  oil  1  oz.,  camphor  j  oz., 
rectified  spirit  J  oz.,  soft  water  1  pint,  essence  of  lemon 
^  oz.,  M.S. A.  With  8  oz.  of  pumice-stone,  powdered 
and  sifted  through  fine  book  muslin,  it  forms  sand  soap 
paste. 

Powdered  Soap.  Any  of  the  hard  soaps  may  be  pulverised, 
if  first  cut  into  thin  shavings,  and  kept  at  a  gentle  lieat, 
till  sufficiently  dry.  This  process  renders  the  soap  more 
mild. 

Shaving  Powder.  Melt  together  in  a  water-bath  1  lb.  of 
white  soap  with  1  oz.  of  powdered  spermaceti  and  i  oz. 
of  chlorate  of  potash  dissolved  in  a  little  w^ater,  or  rose- 
water.  Pour  the  liquefied  soap  into  a  shallow  mould; 
when  solidified,  shave  it  fine  and  dry  as  above. 

Shaving  Paste.  1.  Melt  together  1  dr.  each  of  sper- 
maceti, white  wax,  and  almond  oil ;  beat  it  up  with  2  oz. 
of  the  best  white  soap,  and  a  little  lavender  or  Cologne 
water. 

2.  Najiles  soap,  beaten  ujj  with  sufficient  powdered  soap 
to  form  a  stiff  paste. 

3.  White  soft  soap,  4  oz.,  powdered  Castile  soap  1  oz., 
oil  of  olives,  or  almonds  i  oz. 

Shaving  Liquid.  Essence  of  soap.  1.  White  soap  3  oz., 
proof  spirit  8  oz.,  distilled  water  4  oz.,  cai'bonateof  potash 
1  dr.,  essence  of  lemon  q.  s.  Dissolve  the  soap  without 
heat,  and  add  the  potash  and  essence. 

2.  (Italian  essence  of  soap.)  Wliite  curd  or  Windsor 
soap  10  parts,  rectified  spirit  34  parts,  rose  or  orange- 
ilower  water  34  jDarts.  Digest  with  a  gentle  heat  and 
filter. 

3.  Naples  soap,  or  white  soft  soap,  16  oz.,  oil  of  olives 
\  oz.,  gum  benzoin  1  dr.,  rectified  spirit  24  oz.  Digest. 
Rub  a  few  drops  on  the  beard,  followed  by  warm  water. 


HAIR   COSMETICS 

Hair  Powder.  The  basis  of  hair-powder  is  finely  powdered 
starch.  _  It  is  variously  scented,  and  was  formerly  tinted 
of  various  colours.  The  plain  and  violet  hair-powders 
are_  now  principally  used.  The  latter  is  perfumed  with 
orris  powder,  or  essence  of  violets,  usually  with  the  addi- 
tion of  bergamot,  &c.  Gray  gives  the  following  species 
for  scenting  hair  powder:  powdered  orris  1  lb.,  essence 
of  bergamot  12  oz.,  oil  of  neroli  1  dr.,  musk  1  scruple. 
Hair-powder  is  also  perfumed  with  jessamine,  roses,  &c., 
by  mixing  the  flowers  with  plain  powder  for  2  or  3  days, 
stirring  the  mixture  twice  or  thrice  a  day,  and  then  sifting 
out  the  powder  from  the  flowers. 

COMPOUNDS  TO  PROMOTE  THE  GROWTH  OF  THE 

HAIR. 

Pomades  for  the  cube  of  Baxdness. 

1.  Duptttteen's  Pomade.  The  recipe  given  by  Bate- 
man  and  Rennie  for  this  celebrated  preparation,  viz. 
almond  oil,  lard,  suet,  and  essential  oils,  is  remarkable  as 
entirely  omitting  the  active  ingredient.  It  is  probable  that 
the  preparation  first  employed  by  M.  Duptjyteen  was  more 
simple  in  its  form  than  what  he  subsequently  adopted,  but 
cantharides  was  always  the  essential  constituent.  The 
first  formula  met  with  was :  Tincture  of  cantharides 
(made  according  to  the  Paris  Codex,  1  part  flies  to  8  of 
proof  spirit)  1  part,  lard  9  parts.  The  following  are  said 
more  nearly  to  represent  the  compound  in  its  improved 
and  more  elegant  form.  M.  Cap  prescribes  :  Beef  marrow 
2  oz.,  spirituous  extract  of  cantharides  (made  by  evaporat- 
ing the  above  tincture)  8  grs.,  rose  oil  1  dr.,  essence  of 
lemon  50  drops.     M.  Fontaine  directs  :  Beef  marrow  4 

16 


242  HAIR   COSMETICS 

oz.,  calomel  2^  drs.,  extract  of  cantharides  18  grs.,  attar  of 
roses  2  drops.  But  the  following  by  M.  Eecitjz  is  said 
to  have  been  acknowledged  by  M.  Duptjyteen  as  the  tnie 
formula  :  Beef  marrow  6  oz.,  nervine  balsam*  2  oz., 
Peruvian  balsam  2  oz.,  oil  of  almonds  li  oz.,  extract  of 
cantharides  16  grs. ;  melt  the  marrow  and  nervine  balsam 
with  the  oil,  strain,  add  the  balsam  of  Peru,  and  lastly  the 
extract,  dissolved  in  a  drachm  of  rectified  spirit.  M. 
Gfibofet  says  that  no  better  than  the  following  can  be 
used:  Beef  marrow  1  oz.,  nervine  balsam  1  oz.,  rose  oil 
1  dr.,  extract  of  cantharides  (dissolved  in  spirit)  6  grs. 
These  pomades  should  be  rubbed  on  the  scalp  once  or  twice 
a  day  for  some  weeks.  If  any  soreness  is  produced,  the 
pomade  should  be  less  frequently  apphed. 

2.  Pomade  contee  l'Alopecie.  Fresh  lemon-juice 
1  dr.,  extract  of  bark  (by  cold  water)  2  drs.,  marrow  2  oz., 
tincture  of  cantharides  (as  above)  1  dr.,  oil  of  lemon 
20  drops,  oil  of  bergamot  10  drops ;  mix.  First  wash  the 
head  with  soap  and  water,  with  a  little  eau  de  Cologne, 
then  rub  it  dry.  Next  morning  rub  in  a  small  lump  of 
pomade,  and  repeat  it  daily.  Li  4  or  5  weeks  the  cure  of 
baldness  is  effected. — Dr.  Schneidee. 

3.  Cazenate's  Remedy  poe  Baldness.  Beef  mar- 
row 1  oz.,  tincture  of  cantharides  (as  above)  1  dr.,  pow- 
dered cinnamon  1  dr.  To  be  applied  night  and  morning, 
the  head  beiag  first  washed  with  salt  and  water.  Keep 
the  hair  short. 

4.  Dr.  Cattell's  is  the  same,  substituting  10  drops  each 
of  oils  of  origanum  and  bergamot  for  cinnamon. 

5.  Beef  marrow  1  oz.,  castor  oU  ^  oz.,  tincture  of  can- 
tharides 1  dr.,  essential  oil  of  bitter  almonds  and  of  lemon, 
each  12  drops. 

6.  Beef  marrow  3  drs.,  almond  oil  1  dr.,  sulphate  of 
quinine  15  grs.,  otto  2  drops. — SouBEraAN. 

7.  Prepared  lard  2  oz.,  white  wax  2  drs. ;  melt  together, 
remove  from  the  fire,  and  add  2  drs.  balsam  of  Tolu,  20 
drops  of  oil  of  rosemary,  and  in  chronic  cases  1  dr.  of 
tincture  of  cantharides. — Dr.  Nblkjan. 

*  This  is  made  by  melting  together  4  oz.  each  of  beef  marrow  and  oil  of 
mace,  and  adding  2  dr .  of  balsam  of  Tolu,  and  1  dr,  each  of  oil  of  cloves  and 
camphor,  dissolved  in  |  oz,  of  rectified  spirit. 


COMPOUNDS  FOE  THE  CUEE  OF  BALDNESS  243 

8.  Camphor  1  scruple,  citrine  ointment  2  drs.,  sperma- 
ceti cerate  6  drs. ;  mix.     To  be  applied  every  night. 

9.  Bate's  Unguentum  Criyiiscutn.  Labdanum  6  drs., 
bears'-grease  2  oz.,  honey  \  oz.,  powdered  southernwood 
3  drs.,  ashes  of  red-root  1^  drs.,  oil  of  nutmeg  1  dr., 
balsam  of  Peru  3  drs. ;  mix.  Let  the  bald  part  be  first 
rubbed  with  an  onion  till  it  is  red,  then  apply  the  oint- 
ment. It  should  be  used  daily,  or  oftener,  for  5  or  6  weeks. 

10.  Box  leaves  2  oz.,  southernwood  2  oz. ;  lard,  marrow, 
or  bear's-grease,  8  oz. ;  digest  together  by  the  heat  of  a 
water-bath,  and  strain. 

11.  Bears'-grease.  The  most  approved  consists  of  2 
parts  of  prepared  bears'  fat,  with  one  of  beef  marrow, 
scented  at  pleasure.  We  have  placed  this,  on  the  ground 
of  common  report,  among  the  preparations  which  may 
possess  some  efficacy,  but  reserve  the  compounds  usually 
sold  under  this  name  for  the  Pomatums.     See  below. 

12.  Pommade  Philocome.  Powdered  cinchona  ^  dr., 
oil  of  almonds  2  drs.,  beef  marrow  6  drs.,  oil  of  bergamot 
6  drops ;  balsam  of  Peru  20  drops  j  mix. — DouRYAULT. 

LIQUID  COMPOUNDS  FOR  THE  CURE  AND 
PREVENTION  OF  BALDNESS. 

1.  Dr.  Locock's  Lotions.  Oil  of  mace  (expressed  oil  of 
nutmeg)  ^  oz.,  olive  oil  2  drs.,  water  of  ammonia  \  dr., 
spirit  of  rosemary  1  oz.,  rose-water  2^  oz. ;  mix.  [Mr. 
AsTLEY  recommends  the  following  modification :  Oil  of 
mace  i  oz.,  olive  oil  2  drs.,  oil  of  rosemary  4  drops ;  incor- 
porate them  carefully,  than  add  gradually  3i  oz.  of  rose- 
water,  2  drs.  of  solution  of  carbonate  of  ammonia,  and  2  drs. 
of  rectified  spii'it.] 

2.  Mr.  Eeasmtts  Wilson's.  Eau  de  Cologne  2  oz., 
tincture  of  cantharides  2  drs. ;  oil  of  rosemary  and  oil  of 
lavender,  of  each  10  drops. 

3.  Mr.  Acton's.  Equal  parts  of  rectified  spirit,  castor 
oil,  and  eau  de  Cologne. 

4.  Mr.  Acton's,  stronger.  Equal  parts  of  honey-water 
and  tincture  of  cantharides. 

5.  Tincture  of  cantharides  3  drs.,  acetate  of  copper  3  grs. ; 
oil  of  almouds  and  castor  oil,  of  each  a  fluid  oz.,  with  ajiy 


244  HAIR    COSMETICS 

essential  oil  to  scent  it.     A  small  quantity  to  be  applied  to 
the  roots  of  the  hair  every  morning. 

6.  Vinegar  of  cantharides  (Lond.  Pharm.)  J  oz.,  eau  de 
Cologne  1  oz.,  rose-water  1  oz. ;  mix. 

7.  Castor-oil,  lavender-water,  and  tincture  of  cantha- 
rides, in  equal  quantities. 

8.  Glycerine  2  oz.,  tincture  of  myrrh  1  oz.,  eau  de 
Cologne  1  oz.,  tincture  of  cantharides  i  oz.,  distilled  water 
24  oz.— Phaem.  Jouen. 

9.  American  Shampoo  Liquor,  Rum  3  quarts,  spirit 
of  wine  1  pint,  water  1  pint,  tincture  of  cantharides  ^  oz., 
carbonate  of  ammonia  ^  oz.,  salt  of  tartar  1  oz.  Rub  it  on, 
and  afterwards  wash  with  water.  By  omitting  the  salt  of 
tartar  it  nearly  resembles  balm  of  Columbia. 

10.  French  Receipt.  Rum  500  parts,  alcohol  75,  dis- 
tilled water  75,  tincture  of  cantharides  3,*  carbonate  of 
potash  3,  carbonate  of  ammonia  5  parts.  Dissolve  the 
salts,  mix  the  liquids,  and  filter.  Wet  the  skin  of  the  head, 
with  [this  lotion  for  several  minutes,  then  wash  it  with 
water. 

11.  Dr.  Landeeer's.  Bay  leaves  2  oz.,  cloves  i  oz., 
spirit  of  lavender  4  oz.,  spirit  of  thyme  2  oz. ;  digest  for  6 
days,  filter,  and  add  i  oz.  of  ether.  To  be  rubbed  on  everj' 
morning. 

12.  Put  into  a  still  4  lbs.  of  honey,  12  handfuls  of  the 
tendrils  of  vine,  and  the  same  of  rosemary  tops ;  distil 
very  slowly  till  the  liquor  begins  to  taste  sour. 

13.  Dr.  Cattell's.  See  Washes  foe  the  Haib, 
further  on. 

Ifote. — The  above  ointments  and  liquids  require  to  be  used 
for  some  weeks,  in  order  to  produce  a  decided  effect, 
either  in  curing  or  preventing  baldness.  Those  which 
contain  cantharides  in  any  form  are  the  most  active,  and 
must  be  used  with  caution.  They  should  be  applied  once 
or  twice  a  day,  according  to  the  effect  produced ;  but  if 
the  scalp  becomes  sore,  their  use  must  be  omitted  for  a 
time,  or  longer  intervals  allowed,  as  the  case  may  require. 
When  employed  to  prevent  the  hair  falling  off,  or  from  be- 
coming grey,  they  need  not  be  applied  so  frequently  as 
for  baldness. 

*  Made  according  to  the  French  Codex. 


POMATUMS,    LOTIONS,   ETC.  215 

The  following  require  no  particular  caution,  being  less  active 
than  the  preceding. 

POMATUMS,  LOTIONS,  &c., 

FOE  EMBELLISHING,   STRENGTHENING   AND   CLEANSING 
THE  HAIE. 

Pomatums,  or  Pomades, 

These  are  composed  usually  of  animal  fats,  variously  per- 
fumed. The  lard,  veal  fat,  beef  and  mutton  suet,  bears' 
fat,  and  beef  marrow,  employed  for  this  pui-pose,  require 
to  be  prepared  with  great  care.  The  following  is,  perhaps, 
the  best  mode :  Cut  the  raw  fat  into  pieces,  carefully  re- 
moving the  fleshy  and  bloody  portions  of  membrane,  &c., 
and  beat  it  In  a  marble  mortar ;  melt  it  in  a  well-tinned 
vessel  placed  in  boiling  water,  and  strain  the  melted  fat 
through  a  hair-sieve  without  pressure  (reserving  the  resi- 
due to  be  heated  again  and  pressed  for  more  fat,  to  be 
used  for  commoner  purposes).  Keep  the  melted  fat  for 
some  time  gently  warm,  without  disturbing  it ;  remove 
any  scum  which  may  have  arisen,  and  pour  off  the  clear 
fat,  taking  care  that  none  of  the  dregs  or  watery  liquid 
which  have  subsided,  pass  with  it.  A  mixture  of  these 
fats  forms  the  basis  of  many  varieties  of  pomades.  Some- 
times a  little  white  wax  is  added.  A  greater  degree  of 
whiteness  is  said  to  be  given,  by  addmg  to  the  liquefied 
fat  a  few  grains  of  citrrc  acid.  The  same  end  Is  promoted, 
by  assiduously  beating  the  pomade,  while  cooling,  with  a 
wooden  spatula. 

To  perfume  pomatums,  various  essential  oils,  &c.,  are  added 
(see  Common  Pomatum)  ;  but  the  finer  sorts  arc  perfumed 
by  Infusing  fi-esh  flowers  in  the  melted  fats  for  some  hours, 
and  straining;  or,  in  other  cases,  the  simple  pomade  is 
thinly  spread  on  plates  of  glass  set  in  frames,  and  the 
fresh  flowers  stuck  in  the  scored  surface  of  the  fat,  chang- 
ing the  flowers  dally  till  the  pomatum  is  sufficiently  per- 
fumed. As  these  compounds  can  seldom  be  prepared  to 
advantage  by  the  retailer,  a  few  varieties  only  require  to 
be  noticed  here. 

Common  Pomatum.    Mutton  suet  (prepared  as  above)  1  lb.. 


246  flAtil   COSMETICS 

common  lard  3  lbs. ;  melt  together  in  a  water-bath,  pour 
it  into  an  earthen  basin,  and  beat  it  assiduously  -with  a 
wooden  spatula.  "UTien  sufficiently  cool,  add  2  oz.  or  q.  s. 
of  essence  of  bergamot  or  of  lemon,  and  continue  the 
stirring  till  nearly  cold. 

Rose  PoMAxtrM.  Prepared  lard  16  oz.,  prepared  suet  2  oz. ; 
melt  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  2  oz.  of  rose-water,  and 
6  di'ops  of  otto  of  roses.  Beat  them  well  together,  and  - 
pour  into  pots  before  it  is  too  cold.  For  making  jessa- 
mine, violet,  and  orange  pomade,  put  the  same  quantity  of 
water,  and  1  dr.  of  the  essence. 

Maeeow  Pomatum.  Beef  marrow  and  beef  suet,  coloured 
•with  a  little  annotto,  may  be  employed  for  this  and  other 
yellow  pomatums.     For  the  perfumes  employed  for  these 

.  and  other  pomatums,  see  Essence  for  scenting  Pomatums, 
under  Peefumert. 

Pomade  poh  Beautifying  the  Haie.  Oil  of  sweet  almonds 
a  pint,  spermaceti,  1^  oz.,  purified  lard  2  oz. ;  melt  with  a 
gentle  heat ;  when  nearly  cold,  add  any  agreeable  scent, 
and  pour  it  into  pots  or  wide-mouthed  bottles. 

Beaes'  Grease  (Artificial).  Bears'  grease  is  imitated  by 
a  mixture  of  prepared  veal  suet  and  beef  marrow.  It  may 
be  scented  at  pleasure  ;  oil  of  lavender,  with  a  very  little 
oil  of  thyme,  is  sometimes  used.  The  followmg  are  some 
of  the  compounds  sold  under  this  name : 

1.  Prepai-ed  suet  3  oz.,  lai'd  1   oz.,  olive  oil  1   oz.,  oil   of 
cloves  10  drops,  compound  tincture  of  benzoin  1  dr. ;  mix. 

2.  Lard  1  lb.,  solution  of  carbonate  of  potash  2  oz. 

3.  Olive  oil  4  flasks,  white  wax  4  oz.,  spermaceti  2  oz. ; 
scented  with  otto  of  roses  and  oil  of  bitter  almonds. 

Green  Bears'  Grease.  Bears'  grease  digested  with  fresh 
walnut  leaves,  and  strained.  This  is  repeated  with  more 
leaves  till  the  pomade  is  sufficiently  coloured ;  it  is  then 
scented  ^vith  oils  of  rosemary,  thyme,  and  bergamot. 

German  Pomade,  for  strengthening  the  Hair.  Take 
8  oz.  of  purified  marrow,  melt  it  in  a  glass  or  stoneware 
vessel,  and  add  1^  oz.  of  fresh  bay  leaves,  1  oz.  of  orange 
leaves,  1  oz.  of  bitter  almonds,  ^  oz.  of  nutmegs,  ^  oz.  of 
cloves,  and  1  dr.  of  vanilla,  all  bruised ;  cover  the  vessel, 
and  let  the  whole  digest  for  24  hours,  with  a  gentle  heat ; 
strain  while  warm  through  linen,  and  stir  it  as  it  cools. 


POMATUMS,   lOTIOITS,  ETC.  247 

Haed  oe  Roll  PoMATrrii.  1.  Suet  5  lbs.,  white  wax  8  oz., 
spermaceti  2  oz.,  oil  of  lavender  and  essence  of  ambergris, 
of  each  i  oz. 

2.  Beef  suet  16  oz.,  white  or  yellow  wax  1  oz.,  with  1 
dr.  of  oil  of  lavender  or  of  bergamot. 

3.  Lard  melted  with  one  third  or  half  its  weight  of 
white  wax,  and  poured  into  serai-cylindrical  paper  moulds 
when  nearly  set.  This  is  sold  under  the  name  of  cos- 
mettque.  It  is  sometimes  coloured  to  match  the  hair. 
See  after  Haie  Dyes,  further  on. 

Coloured  Pomatums.  The  colouring  matters  employed 
are  annotto,  alkanet,  marigold,  carmuie,  gamboge,  indigo, 
cobalt  blue,  umber,  ivory  black,  &c. 

CiKCASsiAN  Ceeam.  Two  flasks  of  oil,  3  oz.  of  white  wax, 
2  oz.  of  spermaceti,  i  oz.  of  alkanet  root.  Digest  the  oil 
with  the  alkanet  till  coloured,  strain,  melt  the  wax  and 
spermaceti  with  the  oil,  and  when  sufficiently  cool  add  2^ 
drs.  of  English  oil  of  lavender,  and  i  dr.  of  essence  of  am- 
bergris. 

Crystalline  Cream.  Oil  of  almonds  8  oz.,  spermaceti  1 
oz. ;  melt  together ;  when  a  little  cooled  add  ^  oz.  or  less 
of  essence  of  bergamot,  or  other  perfume;  put  it  into 
wide-mouthed  bottles,  and  let  it  stand  till  cold. 

Cam2jJi orated  crystalline  cream  may  be  made  by  using 
camphorated  oil  (Lin.  CamphorEe)  instead  of  oil  of  almonds. 

Castor  Oil  Pomade.  Castor  oil  4  oz.,  prepared  lard  2  oz., 
white  wax  6  drs.,  essence  of  bergamot  2  drs.,  oil  of  lavender 
20  drops,  eau  de  Cologne  g  dr. ;  stir  till  cold. 

Crystalline  Castoe  Oil  Pomade.  Castor  oil  16  oz., 
spermaceti  If  oz. ;  melt  together,  and  when  a  little  cool, 
add  1  oz.  of  essence  of  bergamot,  i  dr.  oil  of  verbena,  ^  dr. 
oil  of  lavender;  pour  it  into  wide-mouthed  bottles,  and 
let  it  stand  till  cold. 

Castor  Oil  and  Glycerine  Pomade.  Dissolve  white  wax 
li  oz.  with  a  moderate  heat  in  3  oz.  of  castor  oil,  triturate 
■with  9  oz.  of  castor  oil  and  2  oz.  glycerine  until  cool. 
Then  add  essence  of  lemon  5  drs.,  ess.  of  bergamot  2  drs., 
oil  of  lavender  1  dr.,  oil  of  cloves  10  drops.  Piub  aunatto 
gr.  X  with  1  dr.  of  water  till  smoothly  suspended,  add  1  dr. 
of  alcohol,  and  stir  the  colouring  into  the  pomade  until 
thoroughly  mixed. — American  Recipe. 


248  HAIR    COSMETICS 

Fox's  Ceeam.  Marrow  pomatum  2  oz.,  oil  of  almonds  2 
oz. ;  melt,  and  add  while  cooling,  with  constant  stirring, 
essence  of  jessamine  or  of  bergamot  2  drs. — Bateman. 

Glycerine  and  Lime  Cream.  Glycerine,  oil  of  sweet 
almonds,  and  lime  water,  of  each  8  oz.,  tincture  of  cantha- 
rides  1  oz.     Perfume  as  desired. 

Lime  Juice  and  Glycerine,  Lime  juice  i  pint,  rose  water 
k  pint,  glycerine  2  oz.,  rect.  spirit  2  oz.,  oil  of  lemon  _30 
drops. 

QuiLLAi  Bark.  Stir  a  piece  of  the  bark  in  some  water  till 
a  strong  lather  is  produced,  and  rub  it  on  the  hair  with  a 
rough  towel.  Thus  used  it  is  an  excellent  remedy  for 
dandruff. 

HUILES   A^^TIQUES. 

perfumed  oils  for  the  hair. 

The  basis  of  these  oils  is  either  almond  oil,  olive  oil,  or  oil  of 
ben  J  whichever  is  used  should  be  perfectly  fresh,  and  of 
the  finest  quality.  The  perfume  is  communicated  in  three 
ways  :  by  infusing  the  flowers  in  the  oil  at  a  gentle  heat ; 
by  placing  layers  of  flowers  alternately  with  folded  cotton 
soaked  in  the  oil,  in  proper  frames,  and  pressing  out  the 
oil  when  sufiiciently  imbued  with  the  odour  of  the  flowers ; 
or  simjjly  by  adding  essential  oils,  &c.,  to  the  fixed  oil. 
An  example  or  two  of  each  method  will  be  sufficient. 

Oil  of  Eoses,  by  Infusion.  Heat  in  a  water-bath  1  lb. 
of  virgin  oil,  and  add  1  lb.  of  picked  fresh  petals  of  Pro- 
vence roses.  Let  these  remain  togetlier  in  a  water-bath 
for  half  an  hour,  then  remove  from  the  bath,  and  leave 
them  together  for  24  hours,  stirring  them  twice  during 
the  time.  Strain  through  a  cloth,  and  express  all  the  oil. 
To  this  oil  add  fresh  roses,  and  proceed  as  before ;  repeat- 
ing this  for  5,  6,  or  7  times,  till  the  oil  is  suflicieutly  per- 
fumed. 

Oil  of  Jessamine,  Perfumed  with  the  Flowers.  Fold 
pieces  of  white  cotton  cloth  twice  or  four  times ;  moisten 
them  with  fine  olive  oil,  slightly  pressing  tliem,  and  place 
them  in  proper  frames.  Then  place  on  the  cloths  a  rather 
thick  layer  of  freshly  gathered  and  dry  jessamine  flowers, 
carefully  deprived  of  all  green  parts.  In  24  liours  care- 
fully remove  the  flowers,  and  replace  them  by  fresh  ones. 


HTJILES    ANTIQUES  249 

till  the  oil  is  sufficiently  perfumed.  Tlie  oil  is  then  ex- 
pressed. Tlie  same  method  is  employed  in  preparing  oils 
from  other  delicate  flowers ;  such  as  violet,  lily  of  the 
valley,  &c. 

Oil  of  Roses,  Common.  Fine  olive  or  almond  oil  a  pint, 
otto  of  roses  16  drops.  If  required  red,  colour  the  oil 
with  alkanet  root,  and  strain  before  adding  the  otto.  For 
common  sale,  essence  of  bergamot  or  of  lemon  is  often 
substituted,  wholly  or  in  part,  for  the  more  expensive  otto. 

Peeftjmed  Oil  of  Beegamot,  Lemon,  Orange,  &c.  To 
oil  of  ben,  or  finest  almond  or  olive  oil,  add  essential  oil  of 
bergamot,  lemon,  &c.,  q.  s.  For  common  purposes  a 
drachm  of  the  essential  oil  may  be  added  to  16  oz.  of  oil. 
Some  recipes,  however,  direct  as  much  as  1^  oz.  or  2  oz. 

Oil  of  Ambergris  and  Musk.  Ambergi-is  2  drs.,  musk  i 
dr. ;  grind  them  together  in  a  mortar,  then  with  a  small 
quantity  of  oil ;  add  more  oil  to  make  uj)  a  pint,  and  let 
them  stand  together  for  12  days,  stirring  them  occasion- 
ally. Then  decant  or  filter.  Add  half  a  pint  of  oil  to  the 
residue  for  an  oil  of  second  quality. 

Common  Oil  of  Musk,  Oil  of  Benzoin,  Oil  of  Stteax, 
&c.,  may  be  obtained  by  mixing  a  strong  tincture  of  these 
drugs  with  fine  oil,  agitating  them  frequently  together, 
and  after  remainuig  some  hours  at  rest,  decanting  the 
clear  oil. 

Huile  Comogene.  Mix  equal  parts  of  oil  and  spirit  of 
rosemary  with  a  few  drops  of  oil  of  nutmeg.  To  be  used 
daily. 

Huile  de  Phenix.  Clarified  beef  marrow  4  oz.,  lard  2  oz., 
oil  of  mace  4  oz. ;  melt  together,  and  strain  through  linen 
into  a  warm  mortar ;  stir,  and  when  it  begins  to  cool  add 
the  following  solution,  and  stir  constantly  till  it  is  quite 
cold :  oil  of  cloves,  lavender,  mint,  rosemary,  sage,  and 
thyme,  of  each  ^  dr. ;  balsam  of  Tolu  4  drs.,  camphor  1  dr., 
rectified  spirit  1  oz.  Put  the  spirit  and  balsam  into  a  phial, 
and  place  it  in  warm  water  till  the  solution  is  complete, 
then  add  the  camphor  and  essential  oils. 

Huile  Philicome  d'Aubeil.  Triturate  together,  wnthout 
heat,  equal  parts  of  cold-drawii  nut  oil,  almond  oil,  and 
prepared  beef  marrow,  adding  any  essential  oil  as  a  per- 
fume. 


250  HAIE   COSMETICS 

HtriLE  Veete.  Macerate  1  dr.  of  guaiaciim  vnth  1  lb.  of 
olive  oil ;  strain,  and  add  any  essential  oil  to  perfume  it. 
— Geat. 

Maeeow  Oil.  Clarified  beef  marrow,  or  marrow  pomatum, 
with  enough  almond  or  olive  oil  to  brmg  it  to  the  desired 
consistence. 

Fltjide  de  Java.  Tliis  consists  of  beef  marrow,  white  wax, 
fine  olive  oil,  and  essential  oils  at  pleasure. 

Macassar  Oil.  The  oil  made  by  the  natives  in  the  island 
is  obtained  by  boiling  the  kernel  of  the  fruit  of  a  tree 
resembling  the  wahint,  called  in  Malay  badeau.  The 
oil  is  mixed  vnth  other  mgredients,  and  has  a  smell 
approaching  to  that  of  creasote.  But  the  Macassar  oil 
sold  in  this  country  has  probably  no  relation  to  the  above, 
except  in  name.  The  following  is  given  by  Geat  :  Olive 
oil  1  lb.,  oil  of  origamim  1  dr. ;  others  add  1  j  drs.  of  oil  of 
rosemary.  The  following  French  compound  is  probably 
named  Macassar  oil  rather  to  denote  its  properties  than 
from  any  resemblance  either  to  the  product  of  Macassar* 
or  to  the  oil  sold  under  this  name  in  England : 

HiriLE  DE  Macassae  de  Naquet.  Oil  of  ben  14  pints, 
nut  oil  7  pints,  spirit  of  wine  1  quart,  essence  of  bergamot 
3  oz.,  tincture  of  musk  3  oz.,  spirit  of  orange  {esprit  de 
Portugal)  2  oz.,  otto  of  roses  2  drs.,  alkanet  to  coloiir  it. 
Digest  them  together  with  a  gentle  heat  for  an  hour,  and 
shake  frequently  for  a  week. 

Beilliantine.  a  solution  of  castor  oil  in  eau  de  Cologne, 
1  part  in  4.  Another  formula  is  as  follows  : — Glycerine 
and  eau  de  Cologne,  of  each  1  part ;  honey,  2  parts ;  rec- 
tified spirit,  4  parts. 

WASHES   FOR   THE   HAIE. 

Vegetable  Exteact  poe  Cleansing  and  Steengthen- 
ING  the  Haie.  1.  Southernwood  2  oz.,  box  leaves  6  oz., 
water  4  pints.  Boil  gently  in  a  saucepan  for  i  of  an  hour, 
strain,  and  to  each  pint  of  the  liquid  add  2  oz.  of  spirit 
of  rosemary  and  ^  dr.  of  salt  of  tartar  (or  1  dr.  of  Naples 
soap). 

2.  Boil  1  lb.  of  rosemary  in  2  quarts  of  watei",  and  add 

'  to  the  filtered  liquor  1  oz.  of  spirit  of  lavender,  and  i  oz. 
of  Naples  soap,  or  salt  of  tartar. 


dOMPOUKDS   FOR    STIFFENING    THE    HAIR   251 

3.  lucinerate  2  oz.  each  of  rosemary,  maidenhair,  southern- 
wood, myrtle  berries,  and  hazel  bai'k;  make  a  strong 
solution  of  the  ashes,  with  which  wash  the  hair  at  the  roots 
every  day.     Keep  the  hair  short. — Dr.  Catteli. 

4.  Borax  1  oz. ;  powdered  camphor  J  oz.,  boiling  water 
a  quart.  When  cold,  filter  for  use.  Damp  the  hair  vdih 
it  frequently. 

Wash  toe  REiioTiifG  Sccef  and  Promoting  the  Curling 
OF  THE  Hair.  1.  Beat  up  the  yolk  of  an  egg  with  a  pint 
of  clean  rain-water.  Apply  it  warm ;  and  afterwards 
wash  the  head  with  warm  water. 

2.  Lime-water  a  pint,  distilled  vinegar  i  of  a  pint ;  mix. 

Wash  for  Irritable  Eruptions  of  the  Scalp  or  Face. 
llimmel's  toilet  vinegar  6  oz.,  glycerine  2  oz.,  carbolic  acid 
i  drachm. — Dr.  Headland.. 

COMPOUNDS  FOR  STIFFENING  THE  HAIR. 

Eau  Collante.  Dissolve  without  heat  8  oz.  of  clear  gum 
in  2  lbs.  of  distilled  or  rose  water,  and  filter  thi'ough  coarse 
filtering  paper. 

Bandoline,  or  FiXATEtru.  Vegetable  mucilage,  with  suffi- 
cient spirit  to  preserve  it.  Mucilage  of  quince  seed  is 
used;  mucilage  of  picked  Wsh  moss,  carefully  strained, 
is  said  to  answer  still  better.  The  following  is  em- 
ployed by  some  Loudon  perfumers :  Finest  picked  gum 
tragacanth,  reduced  to  a  coarse  powder,  1  oz.,  rose-water 
a  pint ;  put  them  into  a  wide-mouthed  vessel,  and  shake 
them  together  daily  for  2  or  3  days ;  then  strain  \\'ith 
gentle  pressure  through  fine  linen  or  cambric.  If  required 
to  be  coloured,  infuse  cocliineal  in  the  water  employed,  be- 
fore making  the  mucilage.  Another  form  is — linseed  (not 
bruised)  a  tablespoonf ul,  water  -i  pint ;  boil  for  5  minutes 
and  strain. 

PojiMADE  Collante,  for  False  Curls.  Melt  together  in 
an  earthen  pipkin  24  oz.  of  fine  Burgundy  pitch  and  8  oz. 
of  white  wax,  and  add  1  oz.  of  pomatum  j  remove  from 
the  fire  and  add  4  oz.  of  brandy  or  other  spirit,  replace 
it  on  the  fire  till  it  boils  slightly,  then  strain  through 
linen,  adding  bergamot  or  other  perfume,  and  cast  it  into 
moulds. 


252  HAIR    COSMETICS 


HAIR  DYES. 

Oefila's  Haie  Dye.  Take  3  parts  of  litharge  and  2  of 
quicklime,  both  in  an  impalpable  powder,  and  mix  them 
carefully.  ^Vhen  used,  a  portion  of  the  powder  is  mixed 
with  hot  water  or  milk,  and  ajjplied  to  the  hair,  the  part 
being  afterwards  enveloped  in  oil-skin  or  a  cabbage-leaf  for 
4  or  5  hours. 

2.  Litharge  2  parts,  slaked  lime  1  part,  chalk  2  pai-ts, 
all  finely  powdered,  and  accurately  mixed.  When  required 
for  use,  mix  the  powder  with  warm  water,  and  dip  a  brush 
into  the  mixture,  and  rub  the  hair  well  \yith  it.  After  2 
hours,  let  the  hair  be  washed. 

3.  Litharge  4^  oz.,  quicklime  f  oz. ;  reduce  to  an  im- 
palpable powder,  and  pass  it  through  a  sieve.  Keep  it  in 
a  di-y,  close  bottle.  Wash  the  hair  first  with  soap  and 
water,  then  with  tej^id  water ;  wipe  it  dry,  and  comb 
with  a  clean  comb.  Mix  the  dye  in  a  saucer  with  hot 
water  to  the  consistence  of  cream,  and  apply  it  to  the 
hair,  beginning  at  the  roots.  Place  over  it  four  folds  of 
brown  paper,  saturated  with  hot  water,  and  drained  till 
cool ;  and  over  this  an  oilskin  cap  and  a  nightcap.  Let  it 
remain  from  4  to  8  hours,  according  to  the  shade  required. 
When  removed,  oil  the  hair,  but  do  not  wet  it  for  3  or  4 
days. 

4.  Cheyailiee's.  Mix  5  drs.  of  freshly  slaked  lime  ^-ith 
1^  oz.  of  water,  and  strain  through  silk ;  put  the  milk  of 
lime  into  a  4-oz.  bottle.  Dissolve  5  grs.  of  acetate  of  lead 
in  sufficient  water,  and  add  enough  slaked  lime  to  saturate 
the  acetic  acid  (a  drachm  or  rather  more),  let  it  settle, 
pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  precipitate  with 
water,  and  add  it  to  the  milk  of  lime. 

5.  Chesnut  Hair  Dye.  We  have  met  with  the  fol- 
lowing, but  do  not  guarantee  it :  Permanganate  of  potash 
gives  the  hair  a  beautiful  chesnut-brown  colour,  varying 
according  to  the  strength  of  the  solution  of  the  salt.  A 
good  formula  is :  Permanganate  of  potass  1  dr.,  powdered 
gum  arable  2  drs.,  rose-water  3  oz. ;  mix.  Apply  carefully 
with  a  tooth  brush,  so  as  to  avoid  stahiing  the  skin. 
('  Chemist  and  Druggist.') 


HAIR   DYES  2-33 

6.  Hair  Restoeer.  Sulphur  45  grs.  j  acetate  of  lead 
20  grs. ;  glycerine  ^  oz.,  water  to  10  oz. ;  mix. 

7.  Golden  Hair  Dye.  Aureoline.  A  solution  of 
peroxide  of  hydrogen  in  water,  containing  from  3  to  6  per 
cent.,  by  weight,  of  the  peroxide. 

8.  Dark  Browk  Hair  Dye.  a.  Pyrogallic  acid  4  grs., 
distilled  water  2  oz. ;  mix. 

b.  Crystallized  nitrate  of  silver  1  dr.,  gum  arable  1  dr., 
distilled  water,  2  oz. ;  mix. 

c.  Nitrate  of  silver  192  grs.,  distilled  water  8  oz.  Dis- 
solve and  add  gradually  sufficient  of  the  strongest  solution 
of  ammonia  to  precipitate  the  silver.  Then  afterwards 
just  as  much  as  is  necessary  to  redissolve  the  precipitate. 
See  further  on. 

9.  Dr.  Hanmann's.  Levigated  litharge  11  oz.,  pow- 
dered quick  lime  75  oz.,  hair  powder  37  oz.  j  mix.  When 
used,  a  portion  of  the  powder  is  mixed  with  warm  water 
in  a  saucer,  and  applied  to  the  hair  with  the  fingers,  taking 
care  to  cover  the  hair  to  the  roots.  Cover  the  whole  with 
a  sheet  of  cotton  wadding  moistened  with  water,  and  this 
with  a  folded  cloth.  Let  it  remain  on  for  3  hours;  or 
better,  for  the  night. 

10.  Warren's.  Sifted  lime  16  oz.,  white  lead  2  oz., 
litharge  in  fine  powder  1  oz. ;  mix  well  together,  and 
keep  dry.  To  dye  black,  mix  a  little  powder  with  water 
to  the  consistence  of  cream.  To  dry  broton,  use  milk 
instead  of  water.     Apply  with  a  small  sponge. 

Essence  of  Ttee.  Grecian  Water.  Eait  d'Egypt, 
Eau  de  Chine.  These  are  solutions  of  nitrate  of  silver ; 
in  applying  them,  it  must  be  remembered  that  they  stain 
the  skin  as  well  as  the  hair.  Hence  there  is  more  diffi- 
culty in  applying  than  with  the  preceding;  but  they  are 
considered  to  impart  a  finer  colour  to  the  hair,  with  the 
disadvantage,  however,  of  rendering  it  dry  and  crisp.  The 
following  are  some  of  the  most  approved  formulae  : 

1.  Dr.  Cattell's.  Nitrate  of  silver  11  drs.,  nitric  acid 
1  dr.,  distilled  water  1  pint,  sap  green  3  drs.,  gum  Arabic 
1  dr. ;  mix. 

2.  Nitric  acid  1  dr.,  nitrate  of  silver  10  drs.,  sap  green 
9  drs.,  mucilage  5  drs.,  distilled  water  37i  fluid  oz.j 


25  i  HATB    COSMETICS 

3.  Silver  2  drs.,  iron  filings  4  drs.,  nitric  acid  1  oz.,  dis- 
tilled water  8  oz.  Digest,  and  decant  the  clear  solution. 
To  be  carefully  applied  with  a  close  brush. 

4.  Hydrosulphate  of  ammonia  1  oz.,  solution  of  potash 
3  drs.,  distilled  water  1  oz. ;  mix.  Apply  this  with  a  tooth- 
brush for  16  or  20  minutes,  then  brush  the  hair  over  with 
the  following :  Nitrate  of  silver  1  dr.,  distilled  water  2  oz., 
using  a  clean  comb  to  separate  the  hair. 

Mercurial  Black  Dye.  A  weak  solution  of  perchloride  of 
mercury,  used  for  some  days,  followed  by  a  wash  contain- 
ing hyposulphite  of  soda. 

Bhowx  Hair  Dye.  Acetate  of  lead  2  drs.,  hyposulphite  of 
soda  1  dr.,  rose  water  14  oz.,  glycerine  2  oz.  Dissolve  the 
acetate  of  lead  and  hyposulphite  in  separate  portions  of 
the  rose  water;  filter  separately,  mix  the  solutions  and 
add  the  glycerine.     See  back. 

Pyeogallic  Stain.  Distil  coarsely  powdered  nutgalls  in  a 
retort,  dissolve  the  solid  acid  which  sublimes  in  a  little 
hot  water,  add  the  solution  to  the  acid  liquid  which  passes 
over,  separate  the  floating  oil,  shake  the  liquid  with  char- 
coal, filter,  and  add  a  little  spirit. 

TiNOTtTRB  OF  Walnttt.  A  strong  tincture  of  the  shells  of 
green  walnuts,  scented. 

La  Forest's  Cosmetic  Wash  for  the  Hair.  Red  wuie 
1  lb.,  salt  1  dr.,  sulphate  of  iron  2  drs.  Boil  for  a  few 
minutes,  and  add  common  verdigris  1  dr. ;  leave  it  on  the 
fire  for  2  minutes,  withdraw  it,  and  add  2  drs.  of  powdered 
nutgall.  Rub  the  hair  with  the  liquid ;  in  a  few  minutes 
dry  it  with  a  warm  cloth,  and  afterwards  wash  with  water. 

Pomatums,  or  Cosmetiques,  in  sticks,  for  the  haii-. 

Black  Pomatum,  in  sticks, for  the  eyebrotos,  whiskers,  ^'c. 
Prepared  lard  melted  -nith  a  third  of  its  weight  of  wax  in 
winter,  or  half  in  summer,  is  coloiu'ed  with  levigated 
ivoi-y  black,  and  strained  through  tammy,  or  any  material 
which  will  permit  the  fine  particles  of  ivoiy  black  to  pass 
through.  Stir  it  constantly,  and  when  it  begins  to  thicken 
pour  it  into  paper  moulds. 

Brown  and  Chest:^t  Pomatums  are  prepared  in  the 
same  way,  but  coloured  vdth.  umber,  &c.  White,  as  Hard 
Pomatum. 

Ebonx  Pomatum,  in  pots.    Melt  4  oz.  of  white  wax  with 


HAIE   DYES  255 

12  oz.  of  any  kind  of  pomatum,  and  add  2  oz.  of  levigated 
ivory-black.     Proceed  as  above,  and  pour  into  pots. 
PoMiiADE  DE  Jetjnesse.     Pomatum  mixed  with  magistery 
of  bismuth.     It  is  said  to  turn  the  hair  black. — Gkat. 

DEPILATORIES. 

rOE  EEMOTINa  STJPEBFLTrpUS   HAIRS. 

These  require  caution,  as  they  are  apt  to  injure  the  skin. 
We  have  omitted  those  which  contain  sulphuret  of  arsenic 
(orpiment),  as  there  is  danger  of  its  being  absorbed,  and 
the  object  can  be  accomplished  -without  its  use.  The 
powders  require  to  be  kept  in  close  bottles  or  boxes,  and 
no  more  should  be  mixed  with  liquid  than  is  required  to 
be  used  at  once. 

1.  Mix  lime  and  water  to  a  thick  cream,  and  pass 
through  the  mixture  25  or  30  times  its  volume  of  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen  gas.  "When  the  gas  escapes,  stop  the 
process.  The  pulpy  mass  is  spread  on  paper,  and  appUed 
for  12  or  15  minutes,  and  then  washed  off  with  a  sponge 
and  water.  The  only  objection  to  this  is  its  disgusting 
smell. 

2.  Chinese.  Quicklime  16  oz.,  pearlaSh  2  oz.,  liver  of 
sulphur  2  oz.  Reduce  to  a  fine  powder,  and  keep  it  in  a 
close  bottle.     Use  it  as  No.  4. 

3.  Mr.  Redwood  recommends  a  strong  solution  of  sul- 
phuret (sulphide)  of  barium,  with  sufficient  powdered 
starch  to  form  a  paste ;  to  be  left  on  for  a  few  minutes, 
then  scraped  off  with  the  back  of  a  knife. 

4.  Bottdet's  Depilatoet.  Crystallized  hydrosulphate 
of  soda  3  parts,  quicklime  in  powder  10  parts,  starch  10 
parts  ;  mix.  To  be  mixed  with  water,  and  applied  to  the 
skin,  and  scraped  off  in  2  or  3  minutes  with  a  wooden  kuif  e. 


TEETH  AND  MOUTH  COSMETICS 


TOOTH  POWDERS. 

General  Directions. — The  dry  ingredients  should  be  finely 
pulverized,  and  the  whole  well  mixed ;  which  is  best 
effected  by  triturating  the  powders  together,  or  agitating 
them  in  a  bottle,  and  afterwards  passing  the  whole 
through  a  sieve.  Some  ingredients  are  usually  levigated, 
or  ground  with  water,  as  prepared  chalk,  coral,  &c.  The 
tooth  powders  which  contain  acids,  and  acid  salts,  should 
not  be  frequently  used.  For  children  those  only  which 
contain  very  soft  powders  should  be  permitted ;  the  heavy 
carbonate  of  magnesia  is  very  suitable  for  them. 

Ameeican  Tooth  Powdee.  Coral,  cuttle-fish  bone,  dragon's 
blood,  of  each  8  oz.,  bui'nt  alum  and  red  sanders,  of  each  4 
oz.,  orris  8  oz.,  cloves  and  cinnamon,  of  each  \  oz.,  vanilla 
2  drs.,  rosewood  ^  oz.,  rose  pink  8  oz. 

Antiseptic  Tooth  Powdee.  Prepared  or  precipitated 
chalk  2  oz.,  dry  chloride  of  lime  10  grs.,  oil  of  cassia  or  of 
cloves  5  drops  ;  mix.  It  may  be  coloured,  if  preferred,  by 
a  little  levigated  bole. 

Antiscoebutic  Tooth  Powdee.  Extract  of  rhatany  \  oz., 
prepared  charcoal  2  oz.,  cinnamon  y  oz.,  cloves  \  oz. 

Abomatic  Tooth  Powdee.  Calamus  aromaticus  4  drs., 
charcoal  1  dr.,  soap  1  dr.,  oil  of  cloves  12  drops. — 
Pittschaet. 

Asiatic  Tooth  Powdee.  Prepared  coral  4  oz.,  Venetian 
red  3  drs.,  ochre  5  drs.,  pumice  5  drs.,  musk  1  gr.  j  mix. 
Or,  bole  3  parts,  chalk  2,  ochre  1,  pumice  1,  musk  to 
scent. 

Cadet's  or  Dr.  CoOMBE'e.     Sugar  1  oz.,  charcoal  1  oz,, 


TOOTU    POWDERS  257 

Peruvian  bark  |  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  I5  drs.,  cinnamon 
24  grs. 

Camphohated  Chalk.  Camphor  (pulverized  by  the  aid  of 
a  few  drops  of  spirit)  1  oz.,  prepared  or  precipitated  chalk 
3  oz.  Some  makers  put  only  1  part  of  ciunplior  to  7  of 
chalk. 

Compound  Camphorated  Tooth  Powder.  Camphor  1 
oz.,  precipitated  chalk  2  oz.,  cuttle-fish  bone  5  oz.,  myrrh 
2  drs.,  borax  2  drs.,  lake  or  rose  pink  1  dr.,  or  q.  s. 

CAETWRiaHT's  DENTIFRICE.  Prepared  chalk  7  oz.,  orris 
1  oz.,  Castile  soap  ^  dr. 

Caeabelli's.  Cuttle-fish  bone  li  oz.,  prepared  oyster  shells 
1^  oz.,  cinnamon,  orris,  and  lime-tree  charcoal,  of  each  3 
drs.,  vanilla  10  grs. 

Charcoal,  Prepared.  The  charcoal,  made  in  iron  cylinders, 
from  %\-illo\v,  is  to  be  preferred.  It  should  be  reduced  to  an 
impalpable  powder,  and  kept  from  the  air.  Charcoal  of 
areca  nut  is  highly  commended.  That  of  the  shells  of  cocoa- 
nuts  is  said  to  be  used  for  the  same  purpose.  Dr.  Heideu 
prefers  the  charcoal  of  the  lime  tree. 

Charcoal  Tooth  Powder  (Gray).  Prepared  charcoal  1  oz., 
powdered  chalk  3  oz. 

Charcoal   Tooth   Powder   (French).     Prepared   charcoal 

1  oz.,  sugar  1  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  3  drops ;  mix. 
Charcoal  with  Bark.     Charcoal  1  oz.,  red  cinchona  1  oz., 

powdered  sugar  ^  oz.,  with  a  few  drops  of  some  essential 
oil.     See  also  Rhighini's,  further  on. 
Charcoal   with    Bark  (French   recipe).     Charcoal  1  oz., 
Peruvian  bark  5  oz.,  oil  of  cinnamon,  mint,  or  other  oil, 

2  drops,  essence  of  ambergris  30  drops. 

Charcoal  with  Quinine.  Charcoal  1  oz.,  sulphate  of 
quinine  2  to  4  grs.,  magnesia  4  to  8  grs.,  otto  of  rose  (or 
other  perfume)  2  drops. 

Carbonic  Dentifrice  (Desfoeges').  Willow  charcoal  4 
oz.,  cinchona  bark  4  oz.,  cloves  i  dr. 

Circassian  Dentifrice  (Dr.  Halifax's).  Prepared  harts- 
horn 2  oz.,  sulphate  of  potash  2  oz.,  cuttle-fish  bone  8  oz., 
orris  4  oz.,  yellow  sandal  wood  1  oz.,  rose  pink  3  oz.,  oil 
of  rhodium  30  drops.  Mix  the  dry  ingredients,  previously 
reduced  to  a  fine  powder,  and  add  the  oil  of  rhodium. 

Coral  Dentifeice  {Poudre  Dentifrice  of  the  French  Phar- 

17 


258  TEETH   AIS-D    MOUTH    COSMETICS 

macopceia).  Eed  coral,  bole,  cuttle-flsli  bone,  of  each  3 
oz.,  cG.'agou's  blood  Ij  oz.,  cochineal  3  drs.,  cream  of  tartar 
4i  oz.,  cmnamon  6  drs.,  cloves  1  dr. ;  reduce  separately  to 
powder,  mix  and  grind  on  porphyry. 
Deschamp's  Alkaxine  Dentifeice.  Venetian  talc  4  oz., 
bicarbonate  of  soda  1  oz.,  carmine  4  or  5  grs.,  oil  of  mint 
(or  other  perfume)  15  drops. 
Deschamp's  Acid  Dentifrice.     Venetian  talc  4  oz.,  cream 

of  tartar  1  oz.,  carmine  4  or  5  grs.,  oil  as  the  last. 
Desfoeges'.     See  Carbonic  Dentifrice. 
Detergent  Tooth  Powder.    Bicarbonate  of  soda  1  oz., 
powdered  Castile  soap   i  oz.,  sulphate   of  potash  ^  oz., 
sugar  of  milk  ^  oz.,  orris  root  4  oz.,  oil  of  bitter  almonds 
4  drops.     Coloured  at  pleasure. 
Elephant's  (Mrs.)  Tooth  Powder.    Bole  1  oz.,  myrrh, 
bark,  and  orris,  each  ^  oz.     All  to  be  finely  powdered,  and 
mixed. 
Florentine  Dentifrice.    Prepared  shells  14  di's.,  orris  6 

drs.,  cream  of  tartar  3  di's.,  lake  to  colour. 
French  Tooth  Powder.  (See  Coral  Tooth  Powder, 
above;  also  Galvanic,  Deschamp's,  &c.)  Peruvian  bark, 
burnt  crust  of  bread,  and  sugar,  in  equal  proportions. 
Galvanic  Dentifrice.  Triturate  2  leaves  of  gold-leaf 
and  3  of  silver  with  2  drs.  of  sulphate  of  potash  and  1  dr. 
of  alum ;  then  add  white  sugar  2  drs.,  common  salt  1  dr., 
pellitory  of  Spain  ^  dr.,  prepared  hartshorn  1  oz.,  sulphate 
of  quinine  10  grains ;  mix.  Colour  with  finest  smalts 
(powder  blue),  rose,  pink,  or  lake.  Fozembas'  recipe  is  : 
2  leaves  of  gold,  2  of  silver,  alum  3  drs.,  salt  1|  di's.,  white 
sugar  li  drs.,  pepper  15  grs.,  opium  5  grs.,  coral  3  drs., 
Peruvian  bark  3  drs.  Grind  the  gold  and  silver  with  the 
salt  and  alum,  and  add  the  latter  ingredients.  For  the 
douhle  galvanic  tooth  powder,  put  twicethe  above  quantities 
of  gold,  silver,  alum,  salt,  pejiper,  and  opium.  The  galvanic 
action  of  the  metals  is  thought  to  stimulate  the  gums. 
German  Tooth  Powder.     Peru\'ian  bark  6  drs.,  red  sanders 

2  drs.,  oil  of  cloves  and  of  bergamot  3  drops. 
Grosvenor's  Tooth  Powder.     Prepared  shells  and  coral, 

of  each  12  oz.,  oi'ris  root  2  oz.,  oil  of  I'hodium  6  drops. 
Hemet's   Dentifrice.     It  is  said  to  consist  of  cuttle-fish 
bone  6  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  1  oz.,  orris  f  oz ;  mix. 


TOOTH   POWDEES  259 

Jamet's.  Orris  16  oz.,  magnesia  4  oz.,  pumice-stone  8  oz., 
cuttle-fish  bone  8  oz.,  sulphate  of  quinine  4  oz.,  cascarilla 
1  oz.,  sugar  of  milk  16  oz.,  oil  of  mint  1  oz.,  'oil  of  cin- 
namon 2  drs.,  oil  of  neroli  1  dr.,  essence  of  ambergris 
1  dr. 
Kemmeeee's.     Wood-soot  IJ  oz.,  strawberry-root  i  oz.,  and 

a  fe^^'  drops  of  eau  de  Cologne. 
Lavendek  Tooth  Powdee.     Crimson  lake  1  dr.,  Chinese 
blue  (or  TurnbuU's  blue)  a  scruple;  mix  atid  add  bicar- 
bonate of  soda  ^  oz.,  cuttle-fish  bone  2  oz.,  precipitated 
chalk  6  oz.,  oil  of  lavender  8  di'ops. 
Laednee's  Tooth  Powder.    See  Chaecoal  Tooth  Pow- 
dee (gray). 
Lefoulon's   Tooth   Powdee.     Scurvy-grass,  horse-radish, 
guaiacum,  cinchona,  mint,  pellitory  root,  calamus,  rhatany, 
of  each  equal  quantities.     Reduce  to  an  impalpable  pow- 
der.    A  little  calcined  magnesia  is  sometimes  added. 
Mauet's  Caebonic  Tooth  Powdee.     Charcoal  8  oz.,  cin- 
chona 4  oz.,  sugar  8  oz.,  oil  of  mint  i  oz.,  oil  of  cinnamon 
f  oz.,  tincture  of  ambergris  i  dr. 
Metges'  Tooth  Powdee.     Prepared  chalk  3^  lbs.,  lake  or 
rose-pink  1  lb.,  orris  2  lbs.,  cream  of  tartar  12  oz.,  levigated 
pumice  1  oz.,  sugar  9  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  1  dr. 
Mialhe's  Rationax  Dentieeice.      Sugar  of  milk  3  oz., 
pure  tauniu  3  drs.,  lake  1  dr.,  oil  of  mint  8  di'ops,  oil  of 
aniseed  8  drops,  neroli  4  drops. 
Myeeh  Dentieeice.     Myrrh  1  oz.,  cuttle  fish  bone  4  oz., 

orris  3  oz. ;  mix. 
Nichol's  Tooth  Powdee.     Cuttle-fish  bone,  prepared  chalk, 

orris,  of  each  1  oz. ;  cassia  i  oz.,  mj'rrh  i  oz. ;  mix. 
Palmee's  Tooth  Powdee.     Prepared  chalk  1  lb.,  camphor 

1  oz.,  orris  1  lb.,  cuttle-fish  bone  4  oz.,  rose  pink  1  oz. 
Pearl  Dentieeice.     Precipitated  chalk  16  oz.,  talc  8  oz., 

finest  smalts  i  oz.,  or  q.  s.  to  give  it  a  slight  tint. 
Pelletiee's  Quinine  Dentieeice.  Sulphate  of  quinine 
4  grs.,  prepared  red  coral  1  oz.,  myrrh  a  scruple.  For  the 
coral  may  be  substituted  levigated  bole  2  drs.,  precipitated 
chalk  6  drs. 
Regnaud's  Dentifrice.  Calcined  magnesia  i  oz.,  sulphate 
of  quinine  8  grs.,  carmme  (or  cochineal)  i  dr.,  oil  of  pep- 
permint 3  drops. 


260  TEETH   AND    MOUTH    COSMETICS 

Ehatany  Tooth  Powder.  Rhatany  root  2  oz.,  cuttle-fish 
bone  4  oz.,  prepared  chalk  8  oz.,  borax  1  dr. 

RiGHiNi's  Charcoal  and  Bark.  Charcoal  4  parts,  yellow 
bark  1  part. 

Rose  Dentifrice.  Lake  -|  dr.,  myi-rh  2  drs.,  bicarbonate 
of  soda  2  drs.,  orris  2  oz.,  cuttle-fish  bone  2  oz.,  precijsi- 
tated  chalk  6  oz.,  otto  of  roses  16  drops ;  or  it  may  be 
coloured  with  rose  pink  to  any  desired  shade. 

RuspiNi's  Dentifrice.  Cuttle-fish  bone  8  oz.,  prepared 
hartshorn  2  oz.,  alum  1  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  2  oz.,  orris 
1  oz.,  oil  of  rhodium  G  drops. 

Russian  Tooth  Powder.  Peruvian  bark  2  oz.,  orris  root 
1  oz.,  sal  ammoniac  i  oz.,  cateclm  6  drs.,  myi-rh  6  drs., 
oil  of  cloves  6  or  8  drops. 

Saunders'  Dentifrice.  Prepared  chalk  2  oz.,  cuttle-fish 
bone  1  oz.,  orris  1  oz.,  myrrh  ^  oz.,  sulphate  of  quinine 
10  grs. 

Dr.  Sciioepf's  Tooth  Powder,  against  mercurial  salivation. 
Alum  2  scruples,  cinchona  bark,  1  oz. 

Violet  Tooth  Powder.  Orris  root  2  oz.,  cuttle-fish  bone 
4  oz.,  precipitated  chalk  12  oz.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  ^  oz., 
essence  of  violets  1  dr.,  pure  percyanide  of  iron  and  crim- 
son lake  or  rose-pink,  enough  to  give  it  a  pale  violet 
colour.     See  Pulvis  Dentifricius,  Pocket  Formulary. 


TOOTH  PASTES. 

Any  of  the  above  tooth  powders  may  be  made  into  a  paste 
with  honey,  clarified  honey,  or  honey  of  roses.  A  little 
perfumed  spirit  may  be  added.  A  common  objection  to 
these  pastes  or  electuaries,  is  their  liability  to  fermenta- 
tion, or  effervescence.  Some  makers  keep  the  paste  in 
the  bulk  for  a  considerable  time,  till  the  effervescence  has 
completely  subsided,  and  then  put  it  up  in  pots  for  sale. 
Others  heat  the  honey,  stir  in  the  powders,  and  keep  the 
mixture  warm  till  any  effervescence  produced  by  the 
action  of  the  acidity  of  the  honey  on  the  cretaceous  pow- 
der has  subsided.  It  would  pei-haps  be  preferable  in  all 
cases  to  use  the  prepared  honey  (see  Mel  Depuratum, 
Pocket  Formulary)  for  these  purposes.     Electuaries  of  this 


TOOTH   PASTES  261 

kind  are  tcrincd  by  the  French  opials,  althougli  they  may 
contain  no  ojnnm  in  any  form. 

Coral  Tooth  Paste.  dj)iat  Dentifrice.  1.  Prepared  coral 
5  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  3  oz.,  ciattle-fish  bone  3  oz.,  cochi- 
neal \  dr.,  Narbonne  honey  16  oz. — Desforges. 

2.  Opiat  Dentifrice  Rouge.  Prepared  coral  8  oz., 
cochineal  1  oz.,  cinnamon  2  oz.,  alum  3  drs.,  honey  20  oz., 
Avatcr  1  oz. ;  triturate  the  cochineal  with  the  alum  and 
water,  add  the  honey,  then  the  coral  and  cinnamon  ;  leave 
tlie  whole  for  24  hours,  or  till  the  effervescence  has  sub- 
sided ;  then  rub  it  with  a  few  drops  of  oil  of  cloves,  or 
other  aromatic  oil,  and  j)ut  it  into  covered  pots  for  sale. 

Dyon's  Charcoal  Paste.  Triturate  \  dr.  of  chlorate  of 
potash  vnt\\  \  oz.  of  mint  water,  and  add  gradually  1  oz. 
of  powdered  charcoal. 

Metges'  Tooth  Paste.  Metges'  tooth  powder  (see  back) 
48  oz.,  Narbonne  honey  32  oz.,  syrup  64  oz.,  cochineal 
1  'oz.,  alum  1  oz.,  water  4  oz. ;  triturate  the  cochineal  and 
alum  with  the  water  (and  strain),  add  the  honey  and  syrup, 
and  lastly  the  powder. 

Pelletier's  Odoxtine.  This  is  said  to  consist  of  mag- 
nesia and  butter  of  cacao,  aromatised  with  some  essential 
oil. 

Rose  Tooth  Paste.  Cuttle-fish  bone  3  oz.,  prepared  or 
precipitated  chalk,  2  oz.,  orris  1  oz.,  lake  or  rose  pink  to 
give  it  a  pale  rose  colour,  otto  of  roses  16  drops,  honey  of 
roses  q.  s. 

Red  or  Cherry  Paste.     See  Coral  Paste,  No.  2. 

Rosemary  Paste.  Levigated  bole  4  oz.,  myrrh  1  oz.,  oil 
of  rosemary  2  drs.  (dissolved  in  1  oz.  rectified  spirit),  clari- 
fied honey  q.  s. 

Saline  Tooth  Paste.  Sulphate  of  potash  1  oz.,  bay  salt 
i  oz.,  clarified  honey  q.  s.,  eau  de  Cologne  2  drs.  (or  essence 
of  ambergris  30  drops). 

VA>fiLLA  Tooth  Paste  (French).  Charcoal  1  oz.,  white 
honey  1  oz.,  vanilla  sugar  1  oz.,  Peruvian  bark  J  oz.,  and 
a  few  drops  of  any  essential  oil.  The  vanilla  sugar  may 
be  made  by  triturating  a  drachm  of  saturated  tincture  of 
vanilla  with  1  oz.  of  pure  sugar,  and  drying  the  mi.xture 
with  a  gentle  heat. 

White  Tooth  Paste.     1  (French).    Orris,  sal  ammoniac. 


262  TEETH   AKD   MOUTH   COSMETICS 

cream  of  tartar,  of  each  2  oz.,  tincture  of  clniiamon  and 
tincture  of  vanilla,  of  each  5  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  60  drops, 
clarified  honey  and  syi'up  to  form  a  paste. 

2.  Precipitated  chalk  4  oz.,  sulphate  of  potash  i  oz., 
prepared  honey  sufficient  to  form  a  paste.;  to  be  flavoured 
with  a  few  drops  of  otto  of  roses  or  oil  of  cinnamon,  &c. 

LIQUID  PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  TEETH  AND 

GUMS, 

AsTEiNGENT  Tincture  for  the  Teeth  and  Gums.  1. 
Borax,  alum,  hay  salt,  of  each  a  dr.,  spirit  of  camphor, 
tincture  of  myrrh,  of  each  1  oz.,  spirit  of  scurvy-grass 
(or  of  horseradish)  4  oz.,  tincture  of  rhatany  2  oz. ;  mix, 
and  shake  occasionally  for  a  day  or  two,  then  filter.  A 
teaspoonful  in  a  wineglassful  of  watei",  to  rinse  the  mouth 
after  cleaning  the  teeth,  or  at  any  other  time. 

2.  Tannin  1  dr.,  rose-water  4  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  2  oz., 
spirit  of  scurvy-grass  (or  of  horseradish)  2  oz.,  essence  of 
hitter  almonds  a  few  drops. 

Odoriferous  tincture  of  Myrrh.  1.  Choice  Turkey 
myrrh  3  oz.,  eau  de  Cologne  a  quart ;  digest  for  7  days, 
and  filter. 

2.  To  18  fluid  oz.  of  tincture  of  myrrh  add  2  oz.  of 
essence  of  Cologne.  (See  Perfumery,  back.)  If  the 
tincture  should  not  be  quite  clear,  add  a  few  grs.  of  burnt 
alum,  shake  frequently,  and  filter  in  a  day  or  two. 

BoRATED  Tincture  of  Myrrh.  1.  Myrrh  1  lb.,  eau  de 
Cologne  16  lbs.  borax  1  lb.,  distilled  water  3  lbs.,  syrup  3  lbs., 
essence  (or  tincture)  of  roses  6  di-s.,  rhatany  root  4  oz. ; 
digest  for  10  or  12  days  and  filter. — Mr.  Cockle. 

2.  Borax  1  oz.,  shell-lac  i  oz.,  myrrh  2  oz.,  spirit  of 
camphor  2  oz.,  honey  of  roses  2  oz.,  rectified  spirit  a  pint 
Cologne  essence  2  drs.,  orange-flower  or  rose  water  4  oz. ; 
digest  for  a  few  days  in  a  warm  place,  shaking  occasion- 
ally, and  filter. 

3.  Borax  1  oz.,  shell-lac  i  oz.,  water  8  oz. ;  boil  together 
to  4  oz.,  and  add  spirit  of  scurvy-grass  a  pint,  camphor 
i  oz.,  myrrh  2  oz. ;  digest  and  filter. 

^*^  Borax  is  very  readily  soluble  in  glycerin. 
Antiscorbutic  Elixir.     Cinchona  3  oz.,  guaiacum  5  oz., 


LIQUID  PEEPAEATIONS  FOE  THE  TEETH,  ETC.  263 

pellitory  3  oz.,  orange-poel  2  di's.,  cloves  5  di's.,  saffron  i  dr., 

benzoin,  2  di's.,  spirit  of  ^\■ine  or  brandy  32  oz. ;  digest  and 

filter. — Desfoeges. 
Desforges'  Extract  of  Pellitoet.     Pellitory  root  5  oz., 

cinchona  1  oz.,  benzoin  1^  di's.,  essence  of  peppermint  3  drs., 

brandy  a  quart. 
Elixir   of  Roses.     Cloves  1  dr.,  cinnamon  3  oz.,  ginger 

2  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  2^  pints,  oil  of  orange-peel  1  dr.,  otto 

of  roses  15  drops,  essence  of  peppermint  1  oz. ;  mix,  digest 

for  15  days  and  filter. 
Lefandinieee's  Eiixie.     Rasped   guaiacum  wood    ^    oz., 

pellitory  1  dr.,  nntmegs  1  di\,  cloves  i  oz.,  oil  of  rosemary 

10  drops,  oil  of  bergamot  4  drops,  brandy  a  pint ;  macerate 

for  a  fortnight,  and  filter. 
Eau  de    Bottot.     Aniseed   4    oz.,  cinnamon  1    oz.,  cloves 

1  oz.,  cochineal  2  drs.,  oil  of  mint  2  drs.,  spirit  of  wine  or 

brandy  8  lbs.  j  macerate  8  days,  and  filter. 

2.  Tincture  of    cedar  wood  1  pint,  tincture  of   myrrh 

1  oz.,  mixed  with  the  following  essential  oils  :  of  pepper- 
mint ^  dr.,  of  spearmint  I  dr.,  of  cloves  10  di'ops,  of  roses 
10  di-ops. — PlESSE. 

Eau  Dentifrice   de    Stahl.     Spirit  of   M-ine   or   brandy 

2  gallons,  rosewater  3  quarts,  pellitory  5  oz.,  cypress 
root  3  oz.,  tormentil  3  oz.,  balsam  of  Peru  3  oz.,  cinna- 
mon 5  drs.,  goats'  rue  1  oz.,  rliatany  1  oz.  :  macerate  for  6 
days,  shaking  it  occasionally  ;  let  it  rest  for  24  hours,  and 
pour  off  the  clear.  Add  to  the  clear  liquor,  oil  of  mint 
li  drs.,  cochineal  4  drs. ;  in  3  or  4  days,  filter. 

Eatt  dtt  Dr.  O'Meaea.     It  is  a  tincture  of  pellitory,  vetivcr, 

cloves,  orris,  and  coriander,  with  creasote,  &c. 
BoRiEs'  Odontalgic  Elixir,    Pellitory  root  2  oz.,  simple 

spirit  of  lavender  16  oz.,  muriate  of  ammonia  i  dr. ;  digest 

24  hours  and  filter. 
Greenoitgh's  Tincture.     Bitter  almonds  2  oz.,  Brazil  wood 

i  oz.,  cinnamon  ^  oz.,  orris  root  i  oz.,  cochineal,  alum,  salt 

of  sorrel,  each  1  dr.,  spirit  of  wine  32  fluid  ounces,  spirit  of 

scur\^  grass  1  oz. 
Hudson's  Preservative.     Tincture  of  myrrh,  tincture  of 

bark,  cinnamon  water,  of  each  3  oz.,  arquebusade  water 

1  oz.,  powdered  gum  ^  oz. 
Cheltenham  Dentai  Tincture.    Camphor  4i  oz.,  mji-rh 


264  TEETH   AND    MOtJTH    COSMETICS 

2  oz.,  bark  5  oz.,  rectified  spirit  36  fluid  oz.,  distilled  water 
8  oz. 

Lefoulom's  Elixir  foe  the  Teeth.  Fresh  roots  of  horse- 
radish, fi-esh  leaves  of  scurvy  grass  and  of  mint,  of  each 
6  drs.,  guaiacum,  cinchona,  pellitoi'y,  calamus,  and  rhatany, 
each  5  drs.,  proof  spirit  a  tjuart ;  macerate  for  16  days, 
and  strain. 

Eau  de  Madame  de  la  Veilliere  poxte  les  dekts. 
Cinnamon  2  oz.,  cloves  6  drs.,  fresh  lemon-peel  1^  oz.,  dried 
rose  petals  1  oz.,  scurvy-grass  8  oz.,  spirit  3  lbs. ;  macerate 
24  hours,  and  distil  in  a  water-bath. 

RusPiNi's  TiNCTUEE.  Orris  8  oz.,  cloves  1  oz.,  spirit  32 
fluid  oz.,  essence  of  ambergris  1  oz.  (or  ambergris  a  scruple); 
macerate  14  days,  and  filter. 

Feench  Elixir  foe  the  Teeth.  Rose  water  16  oz.,  spirit 
of  scurvy-grass  2  oz.,  tincture  of  galbanum  1  oz. ;  colour 
with  cochineal. 

Alkakine  IjOTION,  for  preventiitff  injuri/ to  the  teeth  from 
acid  medicines.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  4  drs.,  distilled 
water  8  oz.,  eau  de  Cologne  2  drs.,  aromatic  spirit  of 
ammonia  1  dr.  The  mouth  to  be  rinsed  out  with  the  lotion 
immediately  after  swallowing  any  medicine  containing  an 
acid. 

Lotion  of  Chlorinated  Soda,  for  purift/ing  the  breath, 
cleansing  the  mouth,  removing  inipleasant  odours,  &c. 
Liquid  chlorinated  soda  1  oz.,  distilled  water  19  oz. ;  mix. 
A  teaspoonful  in  a  glass  of  water.  The  same  direction 
applies  to  most  of  the  above. 

STRONGER  TINCTURES,  SOLUTIONS,  OR 
ESSENCES,  FOR  TOOTHACHE. 

These  are  applied  by  moistening  a  little  cotton  wool  or  lint 
Avith  the  liquid,  and  introducing  it  into  the  cavity  of  the 
decayed  and  aching  tooth.  Where  there  is  no  cavity,  they 
are  sometimes  applied  to  the  gums  surrounding  the  affected 
tootji.  Most  of  them  are  stated  by  their  several  inventors 
or  patrons,  to  give  "  immediate  relief."  The  cavity  should 
be  dried  with  lint  before  applying  the  remedy. 

1.  M.   Pieste's.     Water   of   ammonia,   with    half    the 
quantity  of  tmcture  of  opiimi ;  applied  as  above. 


TINCTUKES  FOR  TOOTHACHE        !265 

2.  Creasote  1  ili'.,  sjjirifc  of  camphor  2  drs.,  laudaimm 
1  dr.  Creasote  is  also  used  alone  :  so  is  carvacrol,  a  li(juid 
of  similar  properties.  Laennec  prescribes  1  part  of 
creasote  and  10  of  alcohol.     See  also  No.  14. 

3.  M.  CoTTEREATj's.  Etlicr  saturated  in  the  cold  with 
camphor,  and  then  a  few  drops  of  ammonia  added. 

4.  Mr.  Blake's.  Finely  powdered  alum  1  dr.,  spirit  of 
nitric  ether  7  drs. 

5.  Faragway-roiix,  or  Compound  Tincture  of  Para 
Cress.  Flowers  of  Para  cress  4  parts,  Italian  elecampane 
{Tnula  hifrons)  1  part,  pcllitory  root  1  part,  rectified  spirit 
8  parts  ;  macerate  14  days,  and  strain. 

0.  Mr.  Elande's  Tincture.  Bruised  pcllitory  ^  oz., 
camphor  ,3  drs,,  opium  1  dr.,  oil  of  cloves  ^  dr.,  rectified 
spirit  6  oz. ;  digest  for  ten  days,  and  strain. 

7.  Pellitory,  ginger,  cloves,  camphor,  of  each  1  oz.,  tinc- 
ture of  opium  4  oz.,  spirits  of  wine  16  oz. ;  macerate  for  8 
days,  and  strain. 

8.  Camphor  1  dr.,  ether  4  drs. ;  dissolve. 

9.  Camphor  2  drs.,  chloroform  1  dr.,  spirit  of  sal  volatile 
idr. 

10.  Opium  2  oz.,  mastic  1  oz.,  balsam  of  Tolu  1  dr., 
camphor  1  oz.,  oil  of  cloves  1  dr.,  rectified  spirit  16  lluid 
oz.,  oil  of  bitter  almonds  8  drops. 

11.  Creasote  and  chloroform,  of  each  2  drs.,  Sydenham's 
laudanum  4  drs.,  tinct.  benzoin  1  oz. 

12.  Chloral  and  camphor,  of  each  1  dr.,  morphia  2  grs., 
oil  of  peppermint  2  drs. 

13.  Boerhaave's  Odontalgic.  Rectified  spirit  1  oz., 
camphor  i  oz.,  opium  1  scruple,  oil  of  cloves  80  drops. 

14.  Lemaztjkier's  Odontalgic  Cherry-laurel  water  2 
oz.,  acetate  of  morphia  1  gr.  Wash  the  mouth  with  warm 
water,  to  a  glass  of  which  a  few  drops  of  this  mi.\ture  have 
been  added. 

15.  Oil  of  rosemary  2  oz.,  tincture  of  galbanuni  1  oz. ; 
mix.  Cotton  wet  with  this,  is  to  be  introduced  into  the 
ear. 

16.  RitiGiNi's.  Alcohol  4  drs.,  creasfite  6  drs.,  tincture 
of  cochineal  2  drs.,  oil  of  peppermint  3  drops. 

17.  Mr.  Drttitt's.  Tannin  20  grs.,  mastic  5  grs.,  ether  2 
drs.    Wash  the  mouth  with  warm  water  containing  a  little 


266  TEETH   AND   MOUTH   COSMETICS 

carbonate  of  soda ;  lance  the  gums,  and  apply  the  tincture 
to  the  cavity  of  the  tooth  on  cotton. 

18.  Mr.  Tomes  recommends  a  solution  of  mastic  in 
chloroform.  The  mastic  serves  to  retain  the  chloroform, 
but  the  latter  may  be  used  alone  on  cotton  or  lint.  Mr. 
Beatson  uses  a  solution  of  copal  in  chloroform. 

19.  Chloroform  and  white  of  egg,  equal  parts,  digested 
for  4  hours,  then  applied  on  lint. 

Henbane  Fumig-ation  foe  Toothache.  A  popular  remedy 
is  to  throw  henbane  seed  on  hot  cinders,  inverting  a  cup 
over  them  to  I'eceive  the  smoke  and  empyreumatic  oil  pro- 
duced. The  cup  is  then  filled  with  hot  water,  and  the 
steam  conveyed  to  the  affected  side  of  the  mouth.  Dr 
Downing' s  Aiieuralgicon  would  probably  prove  a  more 
effective  means  of  applying  remedies  of  this  kind.  See 
Gutta;  Odontalgicaj. — Pocket  Formulary. 

PILLS,  OR  PASTES,  FOR  TOOTHACHE. 

masses  ODONTALGIQtfES. 

1.  De  Handel's.  Opium  12  grs.,  camphor  24  grs.,  ca- 
jeput  oil  4  drops,  tincture  of  cantharides  4  drops,  extract 
of  henbane  and  of  belladonna,  of  each  24  grs.,  distilled 
water  of  opium  q.  s. 

2.  Vogiee's.  Powdered  opium  1  oz.,  mastic  2  drs., 
sandai-ach  2  drs.,  dragon's  blood  i  dr.,  oil  of  rosemary  8 
di'ops,  spirit  to  form  a  paste  ;  to  be  applied  near  the  affected 
tooth. 

3.  Powdered  alum  1  dr.,  powdered  mastic  i  dr.,  spirit  of 
nitric  ether  q.  s.  to  form  a  paste. 

4.  Rust's.  Opium  5  grs.,  oil  of  cloves  3  di'ops,  extract 
of  henbane  5  grs.,  extract  of  belladonnna  10  grs.,  powdered 
pellitory  sufficient  to  form  a  paste. 

CEMENTS,  &c.,  FOR  STOPPING  THE  CAVITIES 
OF  TEETH. 

These  are  harder  than  the  preceding,  and  intended  to 
remain  in  the  tooth  for  an  indefinite  time.  In  all  cases 
the  cavity  should  be  previously  cleansed  from  all  extraneous 


CEMENTS    FOE   STOPPING    CATITIES  267 

matters,  and  wiped  perfectly  dry  with  a  piece  of  lint  or 
blotting  paper. 

1.  Soubeiean's.  Powdered  mastic  and  sandarach,  of 
each  4  drs.,  dragon's  blood  2  drs.,  opium  15  grs.,  mix  with 
sufficient  rectified  spirit  to  form  a  stiff  jjaste.  A  solu- 
tion of  mastic,  or  of  mastic  and  sandarach,  in  half  the 
quantity  of  alcohol,  is  also  used,  applied  with  a  little  cotton 
or  Imt. 

2.  Sandarach  12  parts,  mastic  6  parts,  amber  in  powder 
1  part,  ether  6  parts.  Applied  with  cotton.  Or  simply 
a  paste  of  powdered  mastic  and  ether.  Or  a  saturated 
ethereal  solution  of  mastic,  applied  with  cotton. 

3.  Taveare's  Cement  is  made  with  mastic  and  burnt 
alum.  Beenoth  directs  90  parts  of  powdered  mastic  to 
be  digested  with  40  of  ether,  and  enough  powdered  alum 
added  to  form  a  stifE  paste. 

4.  Gutta  i^ercha,  softened  by  heat,  is  recommended. 
Dr.  RoLLFS  advises  melting  a  piece  of  caoutchouc  at  the 
end  of  a  wire,  and  mtroducing  it  while  warm. 

5.  Gaugee's  Cement.  Put  into  a  quart  bottle  2  oz. 
of  mastic  and  3  oz.  of  absolute  alcohol ;  apply  a  gentle 
heat  by  a  water-bath.  When  dissolved,  add  9  oz.  of 
dry  balsam  of  Tolu,  and  again  heat  gently.  A  piece  of 
cotton  dipped  in  this  viscid  solution,  becomes  hard  when 
introduced  into  the  tooth,  previously  cleansed  and  dried  as 
above. 

6.  Mr.  Eobinson's.  After  washing  out  the  mouth 
with  warm  water,  containing  a  few  grains  of  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  and  cleaning  the  canity  as  above  directed,  he 
drops  into  it  a  drop  of  collodion,  to  which  a  little  morphia 
has  been  added,  fills  the  cavity  with  asbestos  and  satu- 
rates \\ith  collodion, placing  over  all  a  pledget  of  blotting- 
paper. 

7.  Ostermaiee's  Cement.  Mix  12  parts  of  dry  phos- 
phoric acid  with  13  of  pure  and  pulverized  quicklime.  It 
becomes  moist  in  mixing,  in  which  state  it  is  introduced 
into  the  cavity  of  the  tooth,  where  it  quickly  becomes  hard. 
[In  some  hands  this  has  failed,  from  what  cause  we  do 
not  know.]  The  acid  should  be  prepared  as  directed 
under  Trade  Chemicals  (Acid,  Phosphoric). 

8.  Silica.     This  name  has  been  given  to  a  mixture  of 


268  TEETH   AND    MOUTH    COSMETICS 

Paris  plaster,  levigated  porcelain,  iron  filings,  and  di'Cgs  of 
tincture  of  mastic,  ground  together. 

9.  Wieih's  Cement.  It  is  said  to  consist  of  a  viscid 
alcoholic  solution  of  resins,  with  powdered  asbestos. 

10.  Metallic  Cement.  Amalgams  for  the  teeth  are 
made  with  gold  or  silver,  and  quicksilver,  the  excess  of 
the  latter  being  squeezed  out,  and  the  stiif  amalgam  used 
warm.  Inferior  kinds  are  made  with  quicksilver  and  tin, 
or  zinc.  A  popular  nostrum  of  this  kind  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  40  gps.  of  quicksilver  and  20  of  fine  zinc  filings, 
mixed  at  the  time  of  using.  Mr.  Evans  states  that  pure 
tin,  with  a  small  portion  of  cadmium,  and  sufficient  quick- 
silver, forms  the  most  lasting  and  least  objectionable  amal- 
gam. The  following  is  the  formula  ;  Melt  2  i^arts  of  tin 
with  1  of  cadmium,  run  it  into  ingots,  and  reduce  it  to 
filings.  Form  these  into  a  fluid  amalgam  with  mercury, 
and  squeeze  out  the  excess  of  mercury  through  leather. 
Work  up  the  solid  residue  in  the  hand,  and  press  it  into 
the  tooth.  Or,  melt  some  bees'-wax  in  a  pipkin  over  the 
fire,  throw  in  5  parts  of  cadmium,  and,  when  melted,  add 
7  or  8  parts  of  till  in  small  pieces ;  pour  the  melted  metals 
into  an  iron  or  wooden  box,  and  shake  them  till  cold,  so 
as  to  obtain  the  alloy  in  a  powder.  This  is  mixed  with 
2^  or  3  times  its  weight  of  quicksilver  in  the  iialm  of  the 
hand,  and  used  as  above. 

Another  cement  consists  of  about  73  parts  of  silver,  21 
of  tin,  and  6  of  zinc,  amalgamated  with  quicksilver.  An 
amalgam  of  copper  is  said  to  be  sometimes  used.  But  this 
class  of  stoppings  is  altogether  disapproved  of  by  other 
aiithorities.     Pure  leaf-gold  seems  the  least  objectionable. 

11.  Maemoratum.  Finely  levigated  glass,  mixed  with 
tin  amalgam. 

12.  PouDEE  Metalliqve.  The  article  sold  under  this 
name  in  Paris  appears  to  be  an  amalgam  of  silver,  mer- 
cury, and  ammonium,  \\ith  an  excess  of  mercury,  which 
is  pressed  out  before  using  it. 

13.  Fusible  Metal.  Melt  together  8  parts  of  bismuth, 
5  of  lead,  3  of  tin,  and  li  or  1-6  of  quicksilver,  with  as 
little  heat  as  possible. — Chaudet. 

14.  NoN  Expensive  Metallic  Tooth-  Stopi'Ing.  Take 
1  part  of  sulphate  of  mercury,  1  part  of  copper  in  fino 


CEMENTS    FOR    STOPPING    CAVITIES  269 

powder  ;  rub  them  well  together  with  a  little  warm  water; 
when  the  amalgam  is  formed  wash  well,  and  remove  the 
surplus  of  mercury  l)y  pressing  it  through  cliamois  leather. 
— Phaem.  Jouen. 

SxPENsiNE  Metallic  Tooth-Stopping,  and  much  pee- 
FEEABLE.  Take  pure  gold,  pure  gelatiiie,  I  part  of  each, 
pure  silver,  2  parts,  melt,  and  when  refrigerated,  reduce 
to  a  powder  by  means  of  a  file ;  wash  weli  and  dry.  In 
the  nioment  of  using  it,  add  sufficient  mercury  to  form  a 
plastic  paste. — Phaem  Jouen. 

i^ASTE  POR  Destroying  the  Sensibility  of  the  Dental 
Pulp  previous  to  Stopping.     Arsenious  acid  30  grains, 
sulphate  of  morphia  20  grains,  creasote   q.  s.     [Unsafe 
it  is  only  inserted  by  way  of  warning,  against  what  may 
prove  an  unsuspected  cause  of  mischief.] 

'ivots  for  Artificial  Teeth.  An  alloy  of  platinum  and 
silver. 

ipRiNGS  FOR  Artificial  Teeth.  Equal  parts  of  copper, 
silver,  and  palladium. — Chaudet. 

[For  Cachou  Aromatise,  and  other  compounds  for  sweet- 
ening the  breadth,  see  Perfumeey.] 

:aeachk.  Simple  Cure  for.  Take  a  common  tobacco-pipe, 
place  a  v.-ad  of  cotton  in  the  bowl,  drop  upon  it  8  or  10 
drops  of  chloroform,  and  cover  with  another  wad  of  cotton  ; 
place  the  stem  to  the  afPected  ear,  tlien  blow  into  the  bowl, 
and  in  many  cases  the  pain  \nll  cease  ahnost  immediately. 
• — American  Journal. 


BEVERAGES,   DIETETIC  ARTICLES, 
AND  CONDIMENTS 


BEVERAGES :  AND  POWDERS  FOR  PREPARING 

THEM. 

We  have  placed  here  such  beverages  as  are  rather  employed 
as  a  refreshing  luxury  than  either  medicinally  of  as  re- 
gular articles  of  diet.  Wines,  spirits,  &c.,  are  necessarily 
excluded.  The  medicinal  mineral  waters  will  be  found 
elsewhere. 

GiNGEE  Beee.  1.  Lifuse  3  oz.  of  bruised  ginger  in  4  gal- 
lons of  boiling  water  till  cold.  Strain  through  tammy  or 
flannel.  Dissolve  in  the  liquor  5  lbs.  of  loaf  sugar,  and 
add  half  a  pint  of  sohd  yeast,  and  2^  oz.  of  cream  of 
tartar.  In  cold  weather  it  will  be  necessary  to  set  the 
cask  near  the  fire,  so  as  to  excite  brisk  fermentation.  As 
soon  as  this  subsides,  rack  off  the  clear  liquor,  return  it 
into  the  cask  previously  washed  out,  and  allow  it  to  work 
for  a  day  or  two  longer.  Then  draw  it  off  and  bottle  it. — 
Mr.  DoKOVAN. 

2.  Ginger  sliced  1  oz.,  dried  oi'ange  peel  J  oz. ;  tie  them 
in  a  bag,  and  boil  with  16  lbs.  of  water,  and  strain ;  add 
f  of  an  oz.  of  tartaric  or  citric  acid,  25  drops  of  essence  of 
lemon,  and  24  oz.  of  loaf  sugar.  Wlien  sufficiently  cool, 
add  2  tablespoonfuls  of  fresh  yeast;  let  it  work  for  12 
hours  and  bottle  it. 

3.  Ginger  sliced  f  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  (rubbed  -with 
sugar)  i  dr.,  lump  sugar  12  oz.,  boiling  water  8  lbs. ;  infuse 
till  cold  and  strain.  Ferment  as  above,  \>ith  3  or  4 
spoonfuls  of  yeast,  and  bottle. 


J 


BEVEEAGES  271 

4.  Boil  2i  oz.  of  bruised  giuger  and  3  lbs.  of  sugar  in  3i 
gallons  of  water  for  20  minutes ;  put  Into  [a  large  pan  1 
oz.  cream  of  tartar,  and  the  juice  and  rind  of  two  lemons  ; 
pour  the  boiling  liquor  over  them,  and  stir  the  whole  well 
together ;  when  milk-warm  add  ^  pint  of  good  ale  yeast, 
cover  it,  and  let  it  work  for  2  or  3  days,  skimming  it  fre- 
quently ;  then  strain  it  through  a  jelly -bag  into  a  cask, 
add  i  pint  of  brandy,  bung  down  close,  and  in  2  or  3 
weeks,  bottle  it  in  the  usual  way. 

5.  Boil  22  oz.  bruised  ginger  in  3  gallons  of  water  for 
^  an  hour ;  add  20  lbs.  of  white  sugar,  18  oz.  of  lemon -juice, 
1  lb.  of  honey,  and  15  gallons  of  water,  and  strain  through 
a  cloth.  When  cold  add  the  white  of  an  egg,  and  i  oz. 
of  essence  of  lemon;  after  standing  4  days,  bottle,  and 
lay  the  bottles  in  a  cellar  for  three  weeks. 

6.  Prepare  a  clear  decoction  or  infusion  of  ginger  with 
sugar  and  lemon  as  above ;  but  instead  of  fermenting  it 
with  yeast,  charge  it  strongly  mth  carbonic  acid  gas  by 
means  of  a  machine. 

7.  Imperial  Pop.  Cream  of  tartar  3  oz.,  ginger  1  oz., 
white  sugar  24  oz.,  lemon-juice  1  oz.,  boiling  water  a 
gallon  and  a  half ;  when  cool,  strain,  and  ferment  with  1 
oz.  of  yeast,  and  bottle. 

jrlEAMBING,  OE  LiMONIATED  GiNGER  BeEE.  1.  Boil  4^  OZ. 
of  ginger  with  11  quarts  of  water  :  beat  up  four  eggs  to  a 
froth,  and  add  them  with  9  lbs.  of  sugar  to  the  preceding. 
Take  9  lemons,  peel  them  carefully,  and  add  the  rind  and 
juice  to  the  foregoing.     Put  the  whole  into  a  barrel,  add 

3  spoonfuls  of  yeast,  bung  down  the  barrel,  and  in  about 
12  days  bottle  it  ofp.  In  15  days  it  wiU  be  fit  for  drink- 
ing ;  but  it  improves  by  keeping. 

2.  To  10  gallons  of  water  add  11^  lbs.  of  loaf  sugar,  and 
the  whites  of  10  eggs  well  beaten ;  boil  till  the  scum  rises, 
and  add  6  oz.  of  bruised  ginger ;  boil  for  20  minutes,  then 
pour  the  hot  liquor  on  the  rinds  of  12  lemons  thinly 
peeled ;  when  cold,  put  into  a  barrel  the  juice  of  12  lemons, 
1  oz.  of  isinglass,  a  gill  of  brandy,  and  a  spoonful  of  yeast, 
and  fill  the  barrel  with  the  liquor.  In  a  fortnight  it  will 
be  ready  to  bottle. 
GiNGEE  Beee  Powdees.     Fuie  powder  of  Jamaica  ginger 

4  or  5  drs.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  3?  oz.,  refined  sugar  in 


272  BEVERAGES 

powder  14  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  30  drops :  mix,  and 
divide  into  5  dozen  powders.  (Or  4  to  5  grs.  of  ginger, 
28  of  bicai'bonate  of  soda,  112  of  sugar,  and  ^  drop  of 
essence  of  lemon,  in  each  j)owder.)  In  the  other  powder, 
put  32  grs.  of  tartaric  acid ;  or  35  grs.  if  a  more  decidedly 
acidulated  beverage  is  required.  Or  from  30  to  33  grs.  of 
citric  acid. 

[Other  formulae  are  also  in  use.  Dr.  Pereiea  gives  the 
following : — Bicarbonate  of  soda  30  grs.,  white  sugar  1  dr., 
powdered  ginger  5  grs.,  in  each  blue  jjaper ;  and  25  grs.  of 
tartaric  acid  in  each  white  paper.  This  is  less  agreeable, 
but  perhaps  more  friendly  to  the  stomach,  than  when  the 
acid  is  in  slight  excess.  The  following  is  from  the  Phar- 
maceutical Journal : — Sugar  2  drs.,  sescpiicarbonate  of  soda 
2  scruples  (misprinted  3  drachms  in  vol.  3),  ginger  4  or  5 
grs.,  essence  of  lemon  1^  or  2  drops,  in  each  blue  paper ; 
with  35  grs.  of  tartaric  acid.] 

Ginger  Beer  Powder  in  one  Bottle.  (The  soda,  acid, 
and  sugar  must  be  very  carefully  dried,  separately,  and  at 
a  temperature  not  exceeding  120°.)  Fine  powder  of 
Jamaica  ginger  4  or  5  drs.,  bicarbonate  of  soda  3i  oz., 
double-refined  sugar  14  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  30  drops, 
tartaric  acid  4^  oa.  The  acid  and  soda  should  not  be  too 
finely  powdered.  Mix  the  powders,  recently  dried  in  a 
warm  mortar,  and  immediately  put  the  mixture  into  dry 
bottles,  and  cork  securely.  A  measure  holding  3  drs.  should 
accompany  each  bottle. 

Lemon  Juice  (factitioi^s).  Dissolve  4  oz.  of  citric  acid  in  3 
pints  of  water,  with  8  drops  of  essence  of  lemon  (rubbed 
with  the  acid,  or  dissolved  in  a  little  spirit  or  tincture  of 
fresh  lemon-peel).  After  standing  a  few  days  filter  it,  and 
keep  it  in  well-closed  bottles. 

Orange  Juice  (factitious).  Citric  acid  1  oz.,  water  2  pints, 
oil  of  orange-peel  4  dro^is,  tincture  of  orange-peel  ^  oz.  As 
the  last. 

King  Cup  ;  or  Lemon  Drink  without  Acid.  1.  Pour  a 
cpiart  of  cold  water  on  the  thin  peel  of  1  or  2  lemons :  let 
them  infuse  6  or  8  hours ;  then  strain. — Mr.  Brande. 

2.  Pour  a  pint  of  boiling  water  on  the  outer  rind  of  one 
lemon,  a  small  piece  of  dried  orange-peel,  and  a  moderate- 
sized  lump  of  sugar. 


AND   POWDEES   FOE   PKEPABtNO   TJtEM       273 

Lemonade,  Acidulated  (not  Aerated).  1.  Fresh  lemon- 
juice  4  oz.,  fresh  lemou-peel  (thinly  peeled)  ^  oz.,  white 
sugar  4  oz.,  boiling  water  3  pints.  Strain  when  cold.-^ 
Mr.  Brande. 

2.  Imperial.  Cream  of  tartar  1^  drs.,  a  slice  of  thin 
lemon-peel,  a  lump  of  sugar  j  pour  on  them  a  quart  of 
boiling  water.  Strain  when  cold.  To  be  taken  as  a  cool- 
ing drink. 

3.  Common.  Cut  2  lemons  into  slices,  add  2  oz.  of 
sugar,  and  pour  on  them  a  quart  of  boiling  water.  It  is 
sometimes  made  with  cold  water. 

4.  French.  Syrup  of  citric  acid  2  oz.,  water  a  quart, 
spirit  of  lemon-peel  a  teaspoonf  ul. 

5.  Juice  and  thin  peel  of  1  lemon,  citric  acid  1  dr., 
sugar  3  oz.,  boiling  water  a  quart.  It  may  be  varied  by 
substituting  for  the  sugar,  syrup  of  raspberries,  or  of  other 
fruits. 

Aerated  or  Effervescing  Lemonade.  This  may  be 
made  by  putting  into  each  bottle  (soda-water  bottle)  1  oz. 
or  1^  oz.  of  syrup  of  lemons,  and  filling  it  up  witli  simple 
aerated  water  from  the  machine.  [The  syrup  is  made 
by  dissolving  30  oz.  of  lump  sugar  in  16  oz.  of  fresh 
lemon-juice,  by  a  gentle  heat.  It  may  be  aromatized 
by  adding  30  or  40  drops  of  essence  of  lemon  to  the 
sugar ;  or  by  rubbing  part  of  the  sugar  on  the  peel  of  2 
lemons ;  or  by  adding  to  the  syrup  an  ounce  of  a  strong 
tincture  of  fresh  lemon-peel,  or  of  the  distilled  spirit  of 
the  same.] 

Effera'escing  Lemonade,  without  a  Machine.  Put  Into 
each  bottle  2  drs.  of  sugar,  2  drops  of  essence  of  lemon, 
\  dr.  bicarbonate  of  potash,  and  water  to  fill  the  bottle  ; 
then  drop  in  35  or  40  grs.  of  citric  or  tartaric  acid  in 
crystals,  and  cork  immediately,  placing  the  bottles  in  a 
cool  place,  or  preferably,  in  iced  water.  Mr.  Eartlett 
recommends  2  scruples  of  sesquicarbonate  of  soda,  2  drs. 
of  sugar,  4  drops  of  essence  of  lemon,  and  half  a  pint  of 
water,  lastly,  a  dr.  of  tartaric  acid  in  crystals.  Care  must 
be  taken  to  avoid  accidents  from  the  bursting  of  the  l)ottles. 
Another  form  is  : — Into  a  soda-water  ])ottle  nearly  filled 
with  water,  put  1  oz.  of  sugar,  2  drops  of  essence  of  lemon 
(dropped  oil  tlie  sugar),  20  grs,  of  bicarbonate  of  potash 

18 


274  BETEEAGES 

in  crystals ;  and,  lastly,  30  to  40  grs.  o£  citric  acid,  also  in 
crystals.     Cork  immediately. 

Mile  Lemonade.  Dissolve  1^  lbs.  of  sngar  in  a  quart  of 
boiling  water,  add  i  pint  of  fresh  lemon-juice,  and  the 
same  of  sherry;  and,  lastly,  two  thirds  of  a  pint  of  cold 
milk.     Stir  together,  and  strain. 

Det  Lehoxade,  oh  AciDrLATED  Lemonade  Potvdee. 
Citric  acid  f  oz.,  refined  sugar  8  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  36 
drops.  Some  recipes  direct  a  larger  quantity  of  acid, 
others  a  much  larger  proportion  of  sugar. 

Effeevescing  Lemonade  Powdees.  Bicarbonate  of  soda 
Si  07..,  refined  sugar  14  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  60  drops. 
[Sometimes  12  or  more  grains  of  the  powdered  yellow 
rind  of  lemon-peel  are  added  to  colour  it.]  Mix,  and 
dinde  into  60  powders,  or  140  grains  in  each  blue  paper. 
Li  the  white  papers  put  from  30  to  82  grs.  of  citric  acid. 
or  from  32  to  35  grs.  of  tartaric  acid.  Or  the  mixed 
alkaline  powder  and  the  acid  may  be  put  into  separate 
bottles,  furnished  with  measures  holding  the  proper  quan- 
tity of  each. 

EFFEEVE3CIN&  LEMONADE  POWDEES  IN  ONE  BOTTIE.  Ifote. 
— Tlie  powders  must  all  be  separately  and  carefully  dried, 
at  a  moderate  temperature,  before  mixing,  and  when  mixed, 

'    must  be  carefully  secured  from  the  air. 

1.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  1  oz.,  refined  sugar  3^  oz.,  tar- 
taric acid  li  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  30  drops;  mix,  and  put 
into  well-corked  bottles. 

2.  Mix  3^  oz.  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  14  oz.  of  double 
refined  sugar,  60  drops  of  essence  of  lemon,  and  4  oz.  to 
4i  oz.  of  tartaric  acid. 

3.  Lemon-Kali.     Acidulated   Kali.      Sesquicarbonated 
.  soda  8  oz.,  tartai'ic  acid  8  oz.,  refined  sugar  16  oz.,  essence 

of  lemon  100  drops  :  mix. — Pharmaceutical  Journal. 

Oeanoeade,  oe  Sherbet.  1.  Juice  of  4  oranges,  thin  peel 
of  1  orange,  lump  sugar  4  oz.,  boiling  water  3  pints. 

2.  Juice  and  peel  of  1  large  orange,  citric  acid  ^  dr.^^ 
sugar  3  oz.,  boiling  water  a  quart. 

Effervescino  or  Aeeated  Oranoeade,  or  Sherbet. 
1.  Mix  1  lb.  of  syrup  of  orange-peel,  a  gallon  of  water, 
and  1  oz.  of  citric  acid,  and  charge  it  strongly  with  car- 
bonic acid  gas  with  a  machine. 


I 


AXD    POWDEES    FOE   PEEPAEIJS'G    THEM       275 

2.  iSyrup  of  orange  juice  f  oz.,  aerated  water  half  a 
pint. 

3.  Simple  syrup  ^  fluid  oz.,  tincture  of  orauge-peel  ^ 
dr.,  citric  acid  1  scruple;  fill  the  bottle  with  aerated 
water. 

4.  Put  into  a  soda-water  bottle  A  oz.  to  1  oz.  of  syrup  of 
orange-peel,  30  grs.  of  bicarbonate  of  potash,  8  oz.  of  water 
and,  lastly,  40  grs.  of  citric  acid  in  crystals,  and  cork 
immediately. 

5.  Rit  into  each  bottle  2  or  3  drs.  of  sugar,  2  di-ops  of 
oil  of  orange-peel,  30  grs.  of  bicarbonate  of  potash,  or  25 
grs.  of  bicarbonate  of  soda ;  water  to  fill  the  bottle,  and  40 
grs.  of  citric  acid,  as  before. 

Aeeated  Sherbet  oe  Oeaxgeade  Powdees.  Powdered 
sugar  14J  oz.,  powdered  orange-peel  12  grs.,  oil  of  orange- 
peel  60  drops,  essence  of  cedrat  12  drops,  bicarbonate  of 
soda  3^  oz. ;  mix,  and  put  145  grs.  in  each  blue  paper.  In 
the  white  paper  put  32  grs.  of  tartaric  (or  rather  30  grs.  of 
citric)  acid.  Or  the  alkaline  and  acid  powders  may  be  put 
into  separate  bottles,  with  a  measure  holding  the  proper 
proportion  of  each.     The  orauge-peel  may  be  omitted. 

Aeeated  Sheebet  Powdees  in  one  Bottie.  Double- 
refined  sugar  14^  oz.  [powdered  orange-peel  12  grs.],  bicar- 
bonate of  soda  3  4  oz.,  essence  of  cedrat  12  drops,  oil  of 
orange-peel  60  drops,  tartaric  acid  4  oz.  The  powders 
must  be  carefully  cb'ied,  mixed  quickly,  and  afterwards 
kept  dry,  and  securely  corked.  A  measitre  holding  nearly 
3  drs.  of  the  powder  should  accompany  each  bottle. 

Obaxgeade  Powdeb,  not  Aeeated.  Citric  acid  h  oz., 
sugar  8  oz.,  oil  of  orange-peel  20  drops. 

Soda  Powdees.  The  usual  proportions  are — 30  or  32  grs., 
of  bicarbonate  of  soda  in  each  blue  paper ;  and  25  or  26 
grs.  of  tartaric  acid  in  each  white  paper. 

AciDrLATED  Effertesci>'G  Powdees;  for  making  effer- 
vescing drinks  with  concentrated  syrups  of  lemon,  ginger, 
&c.  Put  into  separate  papers,  distinguished  by  their  dif- 
ferent coloiirs,  20  grs.  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  28  grs. 
of  citric  or  tartaric  acid.  One  of  each  powder  to  be  dis- 
solved separately  in  one  third  of  a  tumbler  of  water,  and 
a  teaspoonful  of  the  syrup  added  to  the  acid  solution,  and 
the  liquids  mixed. 


27G  beVeeageS 

[The  Concentrated  Sykups  are  thus  made — 

Concentrated  Syrup  of  Ginger.  Simple  syinip  7i  fluid 
ouuees,  essence  of  ginger  (1  part  ginger  to  1  of  spii-it) 
i  oz. 

Concentrated  Si/rup  of  Lemon-peel.  Strong  tincture 
of  lemon-peel*  1  oz.,  simple  syrup  15  fluid  ounces. 

Concentrated  Syrup  of  Orange-pjeel.  Strong  tincture  of 
fresh  orange-peel*  ^  oz.,  simple  syrup  7i  fluid  ounces. 

[Syrup  of  raspberries,  pine-apples,  and  other  fruit,  may 
he  used  with  the  above  powders  in  the  same  way.] 

For  Seidlitz  and  other  Medicated  Powders,  see  Mineeal 
Waters  and  Powders,  at  the  end  of  Patent  Medicines, 
&c. 

Spruce  Beer.  Water  10  gallons,  treacle  or  lump  sugar 
(according  to  the  colour  required)  6  lbs. ;  essence  of  spruce 
4  oz. ;  add  yeast,  and  fennent  as  for  ginger  beer. 

Spruce  Beer  Powders.  In  each  blue  paper  put  5  scruples 
of  powdered  sugar,  28  grs.  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  10 
grs.  essence  of  spruce.  In  each  white  paper  30  grs.  of 
tartaric  acid. 

Treacle  Beer.  1.  Brown  sugar  1  lb.,  treacle  1  lb.,  bruised 
ginger  1  oz.,  hops  5  oz. ;  boil  for  a  few  minutes  in  3  quarts 
of  water,  strain,  and  add  5  quarts  of  cold  water :  add  a 
spoonful  of  fresh  yeast ;  let  it  work  all  night,  and  bottle 
it  in  the  morning. 

2.  Treacle  14  lbs.,  hops  Ij  lbs.,  water  36  gallons,  yeast 
1  lb.  Boil  the  hops  with  the  w-ater,  add  the  treacle,  and 
strain.  Cool  to  80°,  and  ferment  with  the  yeast.  In  winter 
i  oz.  of  Cayenne  pods  with  the  hops  is  an  improvement. — 
Family  Friend. 

Capillaibe.  To  a  pint  of  boiling  water  add  3  oz.  of  fine 
maidenhair ;  remove  from  the  fire,  cover,  and  set  near  the 
fire  for  3  hours ;  strain,  and  add  ^  pint  of  orange-flower 
water.  Boil  a  gallon  of  fine  syrup  till  reduced  to  7  pints, 
then  add  the  infusion,  and  boil  for  ten  minutes  ;  strain 
through  a  jelly-bag,  and  when  quite  cold,  bottle  the  syrup. 
It  is  used  to  give  a  fine  flavour  to  water. 

*  These  tinctures  are  thus  made:  fresh  lemon-peel,  thin,  and  cut  small, 
4oz. ;  rectified  spirit  8  oz. ;  digest  for  some  dajs,  and  strain.  Fresh  peel  of 
Seville  oranges  4  oz.;  spirit  16  oz. 


CONCENTRATED    STRTTPS  277 

Ltmoxiated  Capillaiee.  Refined  sugar  24  oz.,  water  12 
oz. ;  dissolve  by  a  gentle  heat ;  and  'add  essence  of  lemon 
30  drops,  neroli  3  drops,  citric  acid  2  oz.,  orange-flower 
^\'ater  4  oz. 

^YEUP  OF  Pine  Apple.  Expressed  juice  of  pine  apple  a 
pint ;  loaf  sugar  2  lbs.     Boil  gently,  and  when  cold  filter. 

5IR0P  p'Oegeat.  See  Syrnpus  Amygdalaj,  Pocket  Formu- 
lary. Another  formula  for  this  excellent  syrup  is  the  fol- 
lowing :  Take  20  oz.  of  sweet  and  8  oz.  of  bitter  almonds, 
9  lbs.  of  white  sugar,  and  4  pints  of  water.  Blanch  the 
almonds,  dry  them  well,  beat  them  with  a  portion  of  the 
sugar,  and  add  gradually  two  thirds  of  the  water  ;  strain 
through  linen,  wash  the  almonds  on  the  strainer  with  the 
rest  of  the  water,  and  dissolve  the  sugar  in  the  strained 
liquor  by  a  gentle  heat.  Pour  the  syrup  into  an  earthen 
vessel,  remove  the  scum,  and  when  nearly  cold,  add  2  oz. 
of  orange-flower  water. 

IciDtTLATED  RASPBERRY  Syrup.  Put  6  Ibs.  of  raspberries 
into  a  china  or  glass  bowl,  or  an  earthen  pan  not  glazed 
with  lead,  with  a  quart  of  water  in  which  has  been  dis- 
solved 2|  oz.  of  tartaric  (or  preferably  citric)  acid,  and  let 
it  remain  24  hours ;  then  strain  it,  taking  care  not  to 
bruise  tlie  fruit.  To  each  pint  of  clear  liquor  add  1^  lbs. 
of  pounded  loaf  sugar,  and  stir  it  with  a  silver  spoon  till 
dissolved  ;  leave  it  for  a  few  days,  then  bottle  it  close.  A 
little  of  this  syrup,  or  of  either  of  the  two  following,  with 
water,  forms  a  refreshing  drink  in  warm  weather,  and  in 
some  febrile  disorders. 

LCIDULATED  STRAWBERRY  SyRUP.      As  RASPBERRY    SyRUP, 

using  2  oz.  of  citric  acid,  instead  of   2^  oz.  of   tartaric 
acid. 

lASPBERRY  Vinegar.  Put  a  pint  and  a  half  of  best  wine 
vinegar  to  3  lbs.  of  fruit  in  a  glass  or  porcelain  vessel ; 
leave  them  together  for  a  fortnight,  then  strain  without 
pressure.  Or  put  an  equivalent  quantity  of  strong  acetic 
acid  (4  oz.  of  the  usual  strength)  to  the  fruit,  in  the  same 
way.  Or  it  may  be  made  as  directed  above  for  Acidulated 
Raspberry  Syrttp. 

Vhet  Powder.  Sugar  of  milk  in  fine  powder  2  oz.,  pow- 
dered white    sugar  7  oz.,  gum    Arabic  i  oz. ;   mix.     An 


278  DIETETIC    AETICLES 

ounce  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water  is  used  as  a  substitute 
for  wliey. 

Whet  may  be  made  by  adding  a  little  infusion  of  rennet 
(prepared  calf's  stomach)  to  milk,  and  gently  heating _  it 
till  curdled.  It  is  also  made  by  heating  a  quart  of  milk 
nearly  to  boiling,  and  adding  either  a  little  lemon  juice, 
orange-juice,  solution  of  citric  acid,  vinegar,  or  white 
wine,  or  cream  of  tartar,  sufficient  to  turn  it.  It  is  then 
strained.  If  required  bright,  beat  up  the  white  of  an  egg 
with  a  portion  of  the  whey,  mix  with  the  rest,  boil  for  a 
moment,  and  run  it  through  a  jelly-bag.  See  Serum 
Lactis,  Pocket  Formulary. 

One  or  two  recipes  in  Confectionery  may  be  introduced 
here. 

Oeakge  Maemalade.  1.  Procm-e  some  large  Se\'ille 
oranges  mth  clear  skins,  peel  them,  squeeze  out  the_  pulp 
and  juice,  taking,  care  to  remove  all  the  pips.  Boil  the 
peel,  divided  into  quarters,  till  they  are  sufficiently  tender ; 
scrape  clean  air  the  inside  from  them,  lay  them  in  folds, 
and  cut  them  into  very  thin  slices  about  an  inch  long. 
Weigh  the  juice,  pulp,  and  boiled  peel ;  then  add  broken 
lump  sugar  equal  in  M-eight  to  the  whole,  and  boil  for 
lialf  an  hour,  carefully  remo\ing  the  scum.  Then  put  it 
into  pots,  and  when  quite  cold,  cover  them  over. 

2.  Instead  of  using  all  Se%ille  oranges,  let  only  half  or  a 
third  of  them  be  bitter,  and  the  rest,  common  sweet  oranges. 
Proceed  in  the  same  way  as  above.     Some  add  honey. 

CUEEANT  Jelly.  Pick  the  currants,  put  them  in  an  earthen 
jar,  and  place  it  m  boiling  water  till  the  juice  is  extracted. 
Strain  through  a  sieve  without  pressing  them,  and  boil 
the  juice  in  an  enamelled  saucepan  with  its  weight  of  loaf 
sugar,  removing  the  scum  as  it  rises.  "VNTien  it  will  jelly 
on" the  back  of  a  cold  spoon,  it  is  sufficiently  done.  A  little 
of  the  jelly  dissolved  in  warm  water  forms  an  agreeable 


beverage. 


DIETETIC  ARTICLES. 


As  the  ingredients  of  some  of  the  following  compounds  are 
usually  sold  by  druggists,  who  may  be  expected  to  furnish 
information  as  to  the  manner  of  using  them,  and  as  they 


DIETETIC   AETICLES  279 

may  all  be  regarded  as  auxiliaries  to  medical  treatment, 
some  notice  of  them  here  seems  desirable,  though  it  must 
necessarily  be  brief  and  incomplete. 

Akeow-eoot.  [West  Indian  arrow-root  is  the  fecula  of  the 
tubers  of  the  Marauta  arundinacea ;  East  Indian  arrow- 
root is  obtained  from  the  Curcuma  augustifolia ;  South 
Sea  or  Tahiti  arrow-root  from  the  Tacca  pinnatifida. 
They  have  all  the  same  properties,  and  are  used  in  the 
same  manner].  Mix  a  dessert-spoonful  of  arro^^Toot 
■with  sufficient  cold  water  to  form  a  soft  paste  j  rub  it  till 
quite  smooth,  and  add  half  a  pint  of  boiling  water,  stir- 
ring it  briskly.  Boil  it  for  a  miniate  or  two,  and  when 
removed  from  the  fire  add  a  tea  spoonful  of  sherry  or  other 
white  wine  (where  wine  is  admissible),  with  a  little  grated 
nutmeg  or  lemon-peel,  and  sugar  to  the  taste.  For  yomig 
children,  milk  should  be  used  instead  of  water,  and  the 
wine  omitted ;  it  is  also  more  nourishing  in  this  form  for 
those  invalids  with  whom  milk  agi*ees. 

Tors  LES  Mois.  [The  fecula  of  a  species  of  Canna.]  It 
is  used  in  the  same  way  as  arrow-root ;  but  rather  less  is 
required.     It  forms  a  more  tenacious,  but  less  transparent 

jelly- 

Sago.  [The  granulated  fecula  of  the  pith  of  one  or  more 
species  of  the  Sago  Palm.]  Wash  an  ounce  of  pearl  sago 
in  cold  water ;  then  boil  it  very  gently  in  a  pint  of  fresh 
water,  stirring  it  frequently  till  dissolved.  It  may  be 
flavoured  with  wine,  spices,  and  sugar,  as  directed  for 
arrow-root.  For  childi'en,  and  for  consumptive  and  debi- 
litated patients,  it  may  be  made  \\-itli  milk  instead  of 
water.  The  common  sago,  being  in  larger  grains,  requires 
more  time  to  dissolve ;  and  is  usually  steeped  for  some 
hours  before  boiling  it. 

Tapioca.  [Obtained  from  the  tuberous  roots  of  the  Cassava 
(Jatropha  manihot).  It  is  usually  sold  in  small  lumps 
formed  by  drying  the  fecula  on  hot  plates.]  It  is  used  in 
the  same  way  as  sago ;  but  requires  to  be  pre^dously  steeped 
for  some  hours,  or  to  be  simmered  for  a  longer  time.  It 
forms  a  clear  jelly,  which  may  be  flavoured  with  wine, 
spices,  and  sugar,  as  directed  for  arrow-root ;  but  is  more 
nourishing  when  made  with  milk. 


280  DIETETIC   ARTICLES 

Sago  Posset,  for  invalids.  Macerate  a  tablespoon fnl  of 
sago  in  a  pint  of  water  for  2  honr.H  on  the  hob  of  a  stove, 
then  boil  for  15  minutes,  assiduously  stirring.  Add  sugar 
with  an  aromatic,  snch  as  ginger  or  nutmeg,  and  a  table- 
spoonful  or  more  of  white  wine.  If  the  wine  be  not  per- 
mitted, flavour  with  lemon-juice. 

Sago  or  Tapioca  Milk,  for  invalids.  Take  an  ounce  of 
cither  of  these  feculie,  and  soak  it  in  a  pint  of  cold  water 
for  an  hour;  then  pfnir  off  this  water,  and,  adding  1^ 
j)int3  of  good  milk,  boil  slowly  until  well  incorporated. — 
Dr.  A.  T.  Thomson. 

Tapioca  Ptddixg,  for  invalids.  Beat  up  I  ounce  of  sugar 
with  the  yolks  of  2  eggs,  and  stir  the  mixture  into  a  pint 
of  tapioca  milk. — Dr.  Thomson. 

Arrow-root  milk  and  jmdding   may  be  made  like  th(' 
corresponding  ])rcparations  of  tapioca 

Panada,  for  invalids.  Place  in  a  saucepan  some  very  thin 
slices  of  brea<l  crumb,  and  a<ld  rather  more  water  than 
will  cover  them.  Boil  now  until  the  bread  becomes  pidpv, 
strain  off  the  superfluous  water,  and  beat  up  the  remainder 
into  the  consistence  of  gruel.  Sweeten  with  white  sugar, 
and  add,  if  permitted  a  little  sherry  wine. 

Barlky  Water.  See  Decoctum  Hordei,  and  Decoctum 
HoRDEi  CoMPOSiTTM. — Pockct  Formulary.  Robinson's 
Patent  Barley  is  a  convenient  preparation  ;  printed  direc- 
tions accompany  it. 

Asses'  Milk,  artificial.  Eringo  root,  pearl  barley,  sago, 
rice,  of  each  1  oz.  Wash  them  with  cold  water,  then  boil 
them  with  3  pints  of  water  to  1^  pints,  and  strain.  Put  a 
teaspoonful  to  a  cup  of  boiling  water,  and  sweeten  to  the 
taste.  [^Bonbons  de  lait  d'dnesse  are  made  with  sugar  of 
milk,  white  sugar,  gum,  and  starch  or  arrow-root.] 

Linseed  Tea.  Take  IJ  oz.  of  clean  linseed,  and  ^  an  oz. 
of  bruised  liquorice  root;  put  them  into  a  warm  teapot  or 
jug,  and  pour  on  them  2  ])iiits  of  boiling  water ;  let  them 
stand,  covered,  near  tlic  fire,  for  3  or  4  honrs,  stirring 
them  occasionally ;  then  strain.  To  save  time,  the  in- 
gredients may  be  boiled  for  1,5  or  20  minutes,  instead  of 
infusing  them  ;  but  the  tea  so  made  is  less  agreejible. 

Iceland  Moss.  Infuse  an  ounce  of  picked  Iceland  moss  for  15 
minutes  in  half  a  pint  of  hot  water;  strain  off  the  water 


DIETETIC    ARTICLES  281 

and  boil  the  moss  in  a  qnart  of  fresh  water  till  reduced  to 
a  pint  and  a  half.  Half  an  ounce  of  liquorice  root  may 
he  addetl,  towards  the  end  of  the  boiling,  if  agreeable :  or 
milk  may  he  used  instead  of  water. 

Jelly  oii  Iceland  Moss.  See  Gelatina  Lichenis,  Pocket 
Formulary.  Another  form  is  the  following  : — Infuse  2  ll)s. 
of  the  moss  for  half  an  hour  in  sufficient  boiling  water  to 
cover  it ;  drain  the  moss,  and  boil  it  in  2^  gallons  of 
water  for  an  hour,  and  strain.  Boil  the  moss  with  fresh 
water,  adding  an  oz.  of  isinglass ;  strain  ;  mix  the  pro- 
diu't  of  the  two  boilings,  and  let  it  stand  till  clear.  Eva- 
porate the  clear  liquid  to  the  consistence  of  a  stifp  jelly, 
adding,  towards  the  end,  G  lbs.  of  fine  lump  sugar,  2  oz.  of 
French  brandy,  and  half  an  ounce  of  orange-flower  water. 
It  may  he  taken,  almost  at  pleasure,  dissolved  in  water  or 
milk. 

Iceland  Moss  Chocolate.  See  Chocolata  Lichenis,  Pocket 
Fornndary. 

Irish  Moss,  or  Carrageen.  Steep  a  i  of  an  ounce  of  the 
moss  in  cold  water  for  a  few  minutes  ;  then  withdraw  it, 
shaking  the  water  from  each  sj^rig,  and  boil  it  in  a  quart 
of  milk  till  it  attains  the  consistence  of  jelly,  and  sweeten 
to  the  taste.  A  decoction  of  the  same  quantity  of  moss  in 
a  quart  of  water  is  also  used  as  a  demulcent  in  coughs,  &c, 
Blanc-Mange  may  be  made  by  washing  |  oz.  of  the  moss 
a*  above,  and  boiling  it  in  IJ  pints  of  new  milk  to  such  a 
consistence  that  it  will  retain  its  fonn  when  cold,  sweeten- 
ing and  flavouring  it  to  the  taste.  An  agreeable  jelly  may 
be  made  by  boiling  it  with  water  instead  of  milk,  and  add- 
ing lemon  or  orange  juice  or  ])eel,  wine,  &c. 

Ceylon  Moss.  Boil  |  oz.  of  the  ])veparcd  moss  in  a  quart 
of  water  for  25  minutes  ;  or  till  a  spoonful  taken  out 
forms  a  firm  jelly  in  2  or  3  minutes  :  then  flavour  with 
wine,  ciniuimon,  or  with  lemon  or  orange  juice  or  peel ; 
ami  sweeten  to  the  taste.  ]5oil  for  five  minutes  longer, 
and  ]n-ess  through  a  jelly-bag,  or  doubled  muslin.  Pour 
it  into  earthen  moulds,  and  leave  it  undisturbed  till  it  has 
set.  If  the  jelly  is  required  bright  it  must  be  clarified 
with  white  of  ego^,  as  directed  for  gelatine  jelly.  For 
Blanc-Mange  add  1  oz.  of  pre]iarcd  moss  to  a  cpiart  of 
boiling  water,  and  boil  gently  till  rcdm'ed  to  a  third ;  add 


282  DIETETIC   AETICLE8 

the  milk  and  flavouring  ingredients,  and  pour  into  earthen 
moulds. 

ArsTEALiAN  Moss.  Tliis  has  been  introduced  for  the  same 
use  as  Irish  and  Ceylon  mosses,  but  has  not  been  very 
generally  adopted.  Soak  ^  oz.  of  the  moss  in  water  for  an 
hour  or  two,  pour  away  the  water,  and  boil  the  moss  in  a 
quart  of  fresh  water  till  dissolved.  Stram  through  a  hair 
sieve,  and  sweeten  and  flavour  to  the  taste. 

Salep.  [The  dried  root  of  some  species  of  orchis.]  Boil 
i  oz.  of  salep  powder  in  a  pint  of  water  till  dissolved ; 
strain,  and  sweeten  and  flavour  to  the  taste. 

Hartshorn  Jelly.  Boil  4  oz.  of  true  hartshorn  shavings 
(previously  washed  in  warm  water)  in  a  quart  of  water 
till  reduced  to  a  pint ;  strain,  and  sweeten  and  flavour  to 
the  taste.  For  children  and  consumptive  patients,  the 
simple  jelly  may  be  mixed  M'ith  milk  and  a  little  sugar. 
To  make  a  bright  jelly  for  the  table,  boil  4  oz.  of  washed 
hartshorn  shavings  in  1^  pints  of  water,  till  reduced  to  f 
of  a  pint,  and  add  2  oz.  of  sugar,  and  a  tablespoouful  of 
lemon  or  orange  juice.  Strain  with  pressure ;  beat  up  the 
white  of  an  egg  with  a  little  cold  water,  mix  this 
thoroughly  with  the  jelly,  and  evaporate  the  liquid  till  a 
little  taken  out  solidifies  on  cooling.  Add  a  little  fresh 
lemon-peel,  and  strain  through  a  jelly-bag. 

Gelatine  Jelly.  Steep  1  oz.  of  Nelson's  or  other  pui-ified 
gelatine  in  half  a  pint  of  cold  water  for  ten  minutes  ;  then 
add  the  same  quiwitity  of  boiling  water,  and  strr  till  it  is 
dissolved,  applying  heat  if  required  :  add  the  jiiice  and  peel 
of  two  lemons,  sugar,  and  wine  suflicient  to  make  up  the 
whole  to  a  pint  and  a  half.  If  required  bright,  have  ready 
the  white  and  shell  of  an  egg  well  beaten  together,  stir 
them  briskly  into  the  jelly,  boil  for  2  or  3  minutes  without 
stirring,  and  pass  through  a  jelly-bag.  As  a  nourishing 
diet  for  children  and  invalids,  a  little  of  the  gelatine  simply 
dissolved  in  water  may  be  mixed  with  milk,  or  the  dry 
gelatine  dissolved  in  milk  by  heat. 

Isinglass  Jelly.  Isinglass  is  used  in  the  same  way  as 
gelatine,  but  as  it  is  not  wholly  soluble  in  water,  it  re- 
quires straining.  To  make  a  bright  jelly,  it  requires  more 
eggs  for  its  clarification  than  gelatine.  A  very  pleasant 
jelly  is  made  with  the  Acidulated  Raspberry  or  Strawberry 


DIETETIC   AETICLES  283 

Svrup  (see  further  back)  thus :  Dissolve  1^  oz.  of  isiuglass 
in  a  very  little  water,  put  this  to  a  quart  of  the  syrup, 
warm  it  and  stir  it  well  j  then  strain  it  into  a  mould.  In 
warm  weather  put  2  oz.  of  isinglass. 

Aerow-Root  Bianc-Mangk.  Beat  up  2  oz.  of  genuine 
arrow-root  Mith  a  little  cold  milk  to  the  consistence  of 
cream  ;  pour  on  it  !#  pints  of  boiling  milk,  stirring  it  all 
the  time.  Flavour  and  sweeten  to  the  taste,  boil  for  10 
minutes,  stirring  it  constantly,  pour  into  moulds,  and  leave 
it  until  next  day. 

Blanc-Mange.  This  may  be  made  with  either  isinglass  or 
gelatine.  Boil  J  oz.  in  16  fluid  oz.  (the  old  wine  pint)  of 
new  milk ;  stir  it  constantly  till  it  boils,  let  it  simmer  for 
a  few  minutes  till  the  isinglass  is  dissolved ;  strain,  add 
sugar  to  the  taste,  and  a  few  drops  of  almond  flavour,  or 
other  flavouring  ingredients,  and  pour  into  moulds. 

Chocolate.  This  is  prepared  from  the  finest  cocoa-nuts 
(seeds  of  Tlieobroma  cacao)  after  roastuig,  winnowing, 
&c.,  by  grinding  them  on  a  hot  stone  or  plate,  or  beating 
them  in  a  hot  mortar  to  a  smooth  paste.  Sugar  is  gene- 
rally added,  and  vanilla  or  other  flavouring  ingredients. 

Chocolates,  Medicated.     See  Chocolata,  Pocket  Formulary. 

White_  Chocolate.  White  sugar  3  lbs.,  rice  flour  27i  oz., 
English  or  Indian  arrow-root  8  oz.,  tincture  of  vanilla 
i  oz.,  butter  of  cacao  8  oz.,  powdered  gum  Arabic  4  oz. ; 
form  a  paste  with  boiling  water,  and  put  it  into  moulds. 

Cocoa.  This  should  also  be  prepared  from  the  seeds  of 
Theobroma  cacao;  and  the  rock,  roll,  and  flake  cocoas, 
often  consist  of  this  alone.  But  most  of  the  paste  cocoa, 
and  soluble  cocoa  powder,  is  mixed  with  saccharine  and 
farinaceous  matters.  This  is  the  case  with  much  of  the 
"  Homoeopathic "  Cocoa,  which  professes  to  be  unadul- 
terated, but  generally  contains  potato-starch.  A  common 
proportion  for  soluble  cocoa,  appears  to  be  two  thirds  of 
l)ure  cocoa,  and  one  third  of  sugar  and  farina ;  the  latter 
being  one  or  more  of  the  following : — Wheat  flour,  sago 
meal,  potato  flour,  arrow-root,  &c.  The  Paste  Cocoa  often 
contains  only  about  half  its  weight  of  cocoa,  the  rest  being 
sugar  and  water,  with  sometimes  the  addition  of  sago  meal 
or  other  farina. 

GuAKANA.     An    alimentary   and    medicinal  substance,  im- 


284  DIETETIC    ARTICLES 

ported  in  the  form  of  cakes  from  Brazil,  where  tlicj  are 
used  as  we  use  chocolate,  uiixed  with  water  and  sugar, 
and  taken  as  a  beverage.  Guarana  is  very  rich  in  caft'ein. 
See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Beoma.  This  consists  of  about  8  oz.  of  pure  cocoa,  3i  of 
sugar,  and  4^  of  sago-meal,  arrow-root,  &c. 

Wacaka  des  Indes.  Roasted  cacao  beans  (chocolate)  in 
powder  2  oz.,  sugar  6  oz.,  cinnamon  i  oz.,  vanilla  (pow- 
dered with  part  of  the  sugar)  ^  dr.,  aml)ergris  3  grs.,  musk 
li  grs.  Sometimes  a  drachm  of  prepared  annotto  is  added, 
and  the  ambergris  and  musk  omitted. 

Racahoitt  des  Arabes.  This  is  professedly  a  preparation 
of  acorns  (perhaps  those  of  the  Quercus  ballotta,  which 
are  naturally  sweet,  or  of  other  kinds  deprived  of  their 
bitterness  by  being  buried  in  the  earth) ;  but  it  is  imitated 
by  the  following : — 1.  Chocolate  in  powder  1  oz.,  rice  flour 
3  oz.,  sugar  9  oz.,  potato  arrow-root  3  oz.,  vanilla  (pul- 
verized with  part  of  the  sugar)  1  dr. ;  mix. 

2.  Chocolate  in  powder  4  oz.,  salep  1  oz.  (or  powdered 
tragacanth  1  oz.),  potato  arrow-root  5  oz.,  sugar  (flavoured 
with  vanilla)  8  oz. — Cadet. 

DiCTAMiA.  Sugar  7  oz.,  potato  arrow-root  4  oz.,  flour  of 
brent  barley  (Triticum  monococcum)  3  oz.,  Trinidad  and 
Granada  chocolate,  each  1  oz.,  vanilla  15  grs. 

Palamoud.  Chocolate  1  oz.,  rice  flour  4  oz.,  potato  arrow- 
root 4  oz.,  red  sanders,  in  flue  powder,  1  dr. ;  mix.  [In 
the  above,  by  chocolate  is  meant  the  cacao  beans  roasted 
and  pulverized  without  addition.  Indian  arrow-root  or 
tous  les  mois  may  be  substituted  for  the  potato  arrow- 
root.] 

Fecultjm  Saxonia.  Barley  flour  21  oz.,  sugar  7  oz.,  cin- 
namon 1  dr.  Mix,  and  bake  them  in  an  oven,  enveloped 
in  a  paste  of  wheat  flour,  and  placed  in  an  earthen  vessel. 
When  sufficiently  baked,  remove  the  crust,  and  when  the 
contents  are  cool,  reduce  them  to  po^^■der.  About  i  oz. 
to  1  oz.  is  boiled  with  broth,  &c.,  as  a  nourishing  diet. 
It  is  often  medicated  with  the  addition  of  sarsaparilla, 
bark,  &c. 

Faeinaceous  Food,  &c.  The  following  compounds  are 
accompanied  with  full  directions  for  use ; — 


DIETETIC   AETICLES  285 

Bastee's  Soojee  and  Compound  Farina.  Wheat  flour, 
with  sugar. 

Bright's  Nutritious  Farina.  The  basis  is  said  to  he 
potato  starcli. 

Beight's  Breakfast  Potuder.  A  combination  of  choco- 
late witli  his  nutritious  farina. 

Braden's  Farinaceous  Food.  Chiefly  wheat  flour  care- 
fully baked. 

Bullock's  Semola.  Wlieat  flour,  from  which  a  portion 
of  the  starch  has  been  removed,  so  as  to  leave  a  definite 
proportion  of  gluten. 

Chapman's  Entire  Wheat  Flour.  Is  what  its  name 
implies. 

Denham-'s  Farinaceous  Food.  As  Beaden's,  witli  per- 
haps a  mixture  of  bai'ley  flour. 

Gaedinee's  Alimentary  Preparation.  Very  finely 
ground  rice  flour. 

Haed's  Farinaceous  Food.   Carefully  baked  wheat  flour. 

Hunt's  Breakfast  Powder.  Rye,  carefully  roasted  as 
coffee.  [For  Dandelion  Coffee,  see  further  back,  xinder 
"  Deuggists  Nostrums."] 

Leath's  Alimentary  Farina.  Baked  wheat  flour,  with 
sugar,  potato  flour,  and  a  small  quantity  of  Indian  corn 
meal,  and  tapioca. 

Maidman's  Nutritious  Farina.  Potato  flour,  tinged 
with  some  pink  colouring  matter. 

Palmee's  Titaroborant.     See  Ervalenta,  below. 

Plumbe's  Farinaceous  Food.  South  Sea  arrow-root 
combined  with  pea  flour. 

Prince  of  Wales's  Food.     Potato  flovir. 

Semolina.  A  hard  kind  of  wheat,  containing  much 
gluten,  ground  into  coarse  grains.  But  some  articles  sold 
under  this  name  appear  to  be  compounds  of  gluten,  arti- 
ficially granulated,  resembling  Bullock's  Semola. 

Ervalenta,  Revalenta  Aeabica,  Lentil  Powder,  &c. 
These  consist  chiefly  eitlicr  of  the  European  or  Egyptian 
lentil. 

Frvalenta.  Waeton's  consists  of  the  French  or  Ger- 
man lentil,  with  either  Indian  corn,  or,  more  probably,  a 
species  of  corn  called  Durra,  used  by  the   Ai'abs.     But 


286  DIETETIC   AETiCLES 

Dr.  ScHENE  states  that  what  is  sold  at  Paris,  consists  of 
the  flour  of  French  beans  and  Lidiau  corn. 

Eevalenta  Arabica.  A  mixture  of  the  red  (Egyptian  or 
Arabian)  lentil  with  barley  flour.  Some  samples  contain 
sugar,  others  salt  and  a  flavouring  ingredient. 

Lentil  Powders.  Some  consist  entirely  of  lentil  flour 
(French  or  German,  or  Egyptian,  or  both  kinds  mixed). 
Others  contain  barley  flom'  in  addition.  Nevill's  consists 
of  1  oz.  of  curry  powder  to  4  lbs.  of  lentil  flour.  The  Lancet 
gives  the  following  recipes  for  lentil  powder  ;  1.  Ai-abian 
lentil  flour  2  lbs.,  barley  flour  1  lb.,  salt  3  oz. 

2.  Pea  flour  2  lbs.,  Indian  com  flour  1  lb.,  salt  3  oz. 
GsrEL  is  made  either  from  oatmeal,  or  from  groats  or  grits 
(oats  deprived  of  their  cuticle),  either  whole  or  crushed 
(Embden  groats).  Dr.  Thohpson  directs  3  oz.  of  groats, 
pre\'iously  washed,  to  be  boiled  slowly  in  4  pints  of  water, 
till  reduced  to  2  pints,  then  strained  through  a  sieve.  The 
Embden  groats  require  less  boiling.  Dr.  Kitchen'ER 
directs  one  or  two  tablespoonfuls  of  oatmeal  (according  as 
the  gruel  is  preferred  thin  or  thick)  to  he  well  mixed  with 
3  spoonfuls  of  cold  water,  gradually  added,  a  pint  of  boil- 
ing water  poured  on  it,  and  the  whole  boiled  for  5  minutes, 
constantly  stirrmg  it  j  it  is  then  skimmed  and  strained 
through  a  hair  sieve ;  a  little  butter  is  usually  added,  and 
sometimes  milk,  with  salt,  or  other^-ise  sugar  and  spices 
to  the  taste.  Thorough  trituration  of  the  oatmeal  and 
cold  water,  and  constant  stirrmg  of  the  gruel  while  on  the 
fire,  render  long  boiUng  unnecessary. 
Boiled  Wheat.  Steep  the  wheat  in  water  for  10  or  12 
hours,  then  boil  it  for  half  an  hour.  [As  a  substitute  for 
vegetables,  and  to  ob^'iate  constipation. — Mr.  L.  Bttllock.] 
Beef  Tea.  Professor  Liebig  directs  1  lb.  of  beef,  free  fi-om 
fat,  to  be  minced  very  small,  mixed  with  an  equal  weight 
of  cold  water,  and  heated  slowly  to  boiling ;  when  it  has 
boiled  for  a  minute  or  two,  strain  through  a  cloth.  It  may 
be  coloured  with  roasted  onion  or  burnt  sugar,  and  salted 
to  the  taste.  Dr.  Setmoue  directs  2^  lbs.  of  lean  beef  cut 
small  to  be  put  into  3  pints  of  cold  -water,  and  simmered 
slowly,  without  boiling,  till  reduced  to  a  pint  and  a  half ; 
then  carefully  strained.  In  another  formula  we  read — 
Macerate  raw  beef  (recently  killed),  chopped  very  fine, 


DIETETIC   AETICLES  287 

i  lb.,  in  distilled  water  22^  oz.,  with  coininou  salt  50  grs., 
dilute  hydrocliloi-ic  acid  16  drops,  for  an  hour  and  a  half ; 
strain  through  a  fine  hair  sieve.     Give  two  tumblers  daily. 

Extract  of  Meat.  Cut  the  lean  of  fresh-killed  meat  very 
small,  put  it  into  eight  times  its  weight  of  cold  water,  and 
heat  it  gradually  to  the  boiling  point.  When  it  has  boiled 
for  a  few  minutes,  strain  it  through  a  cloth,  and  evaporate 
the  liquor  gently  by  a  water-bath  to  a  soft  mass.  2  lbs.  of 
meat  yield  1  oz.  of  extract.  Fat  must  be  carefully  excluded, 
or  it  vdW  not  keep. — LiEBlG. 

Liebig's  Food  foe  Infants.  Malt  flour,  to  which  is  added 
a  small  quantity  of  bicarbonate  of  potash  or  soda. 

LiEBi&'s  Sorp  FOE  Childeen.  Mix  ^  oz.  wheat  flour,  i 
oz.  malt  flour,  7-5-  grs.  bicarbonate  of  potash ;  add  1  oz.  of 
water  and  5  oz.  of  milk.  Heat  with  constant  stirring 
over  a  gentle  fire  till  it  begins  to  thicken.  Remove  from 
the  fire  and  stir  for  5  minutes.  Heat  once  more,  and  again 
remove  and  stir.  Heat  again  to  ebullition.  Separate  the 
bran  from  the  soup  by  a  fine  sieve. 

Teophazome.  Mince  16  oz.  of  meat,  free  from  fat,  very 
fine,  poui'  on  it  8  oz.  of  cold  or  lukewarm  water  (not 
exceeding  100°  F.)  ;  mix  well,  and  let  it  stand  for  an  hour, 
stirring  it  3  or  4  times.  Press  out  the  liquid  (about  6  oz.) ; 
mix  8  oz.  more  of  water  with  the  meat,  stir  it  occasionally, 
and  in  half  an  hour  strain  with  pressure.  Repeat  tliis 
with  8  oz.  more  water.  Break  up  the  pressed  meat,  and 
put  it  into  a  small  tin  vessel  j  place  this  in  a  water-bath 
of  cold  water,  heat  gradually  to  the  boiling  point,  and 
keep  it  boiling  for  20  minutes.  Mix  the  fluid  which  exudes 
with  the  others,  add  salt,  spices,  and  other  flavouring  in- 
gredients, and  boil  for  20  minutes  in  a  covered  vessel.  It 
may  be  thickened  with  1  oz.  of  semola. — Mr.  Bullock. 

Meat  Biscuits.  A  thick  extract  of  meat  (made  by  boiling 
fresh-killed  beef  or  other  meat,  and  evaporating  the  strained 
liquid)  is  kneaded  with  wheaten  flour,  and  the  dough  rolled 
out  and  diAnded  into  biscuits,  which  are  dried  or  baked  in 
an  oven.  They  are  kept  in  the  form  of  biscuits,  or  coarsely 
ground :  1  ounce  makes  a  pint  of  rich  soup,  which  may  be 
salted  or  flavoured  to  the  taste. 

Beead,  Aeeated.  Dauglish's  patent.  This  is  prepared 
without  yeast,  to  the  saving,  it  is  said,  of  10  per  cent,  of 


288  iDIETETIC   AETICLES 

the  weight  of  the  flour.  Aei-ated  water  is  forced  by 
machinery  into  the  mass  of  flour  enclosed  in  an  iron  vessel. 
The  dough  is  then  kneaded  by  machinery  inside  the  vessel. 
The  pressure  being  now  removed,  the  dough  instantly  rises. 
The  whole  process  occupies  no  more  than  half  an  hour, 
instead  of  eight  or  ten  hours,  as  when  yeast  is  used. 
Bread,  Unfermented.  Mix  carefully  J  oz.  of  bicarbonate 
of  soda  and  5  oz.  of  salt  with  4  lbs.  of  flour ;  mix  this  with 
a  quart  (or  rather  41  or  42  fluid  oz.)  of  very  cold  water, 
previously  mixed  with  5  a  fluid  oz.  and  20  minims  of 
hydrochloric  acid  of  1'16  specific  gravity,  into  a  thin  dough, 
with  as  little  kneading  as  possible,  and  let  it  be  immediately 
placed  in  the  oven ;  it  requires  rather  more  time  than 
fermented  bread.  By  mixing  26  measures  of  the  acid 
with  46  of  water,  a  diluted  acid  is  obtained,  of  which  a 
fluid  ounce  and  a  half  may  be  taken  for  every  ^  oz.  packet 
of  soda. 

A  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  directs  for  Broion  Bread, 
3  lbs.  of  wheat-meal  and  10  drs.  (Apoth.  weight)  of  bicar- 
bonate of  soda  to  be  well  mixed,  and  made  into  dough, 
vAt\\  25  oz.  of  cold  water,  previously  mixed  with  12|  fluid 
drs.  of  hydrochloric  acid. 

The  proportions  used  first  by  Dr.  Whiting,  and  subse- 
quently by  Mr.  DoDSOX,  in  the  preparation  of  unfer- 
mented bread  and  biscuits,  were  :  7  lbs.  of  wheaten  flour, 
350  to  500  grs.  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  2|  pints  of  water, 
with  hydrochloric  acid  420  to  500  grs.,  or  as  much  as  may 
be  sufiicient.  The  soda,  dissolved  in  a  small  quantity  of 
water,  is  first  carefully  kneaded  with  the  dough,  and  the 
acid  being  afterwards  rapidly  mixed  in,  the  bread  is  baked 
without  delay. 

A  third  formula  is  that  of  Mr.  J.  Savory,  and  is  re- 
commended as  excellent  by  Dr.  Pereira.  Intimately  mix 
with  1  lb.  of  flour,  sesquicarbonate  of  soda  40  grs.,  and 
powdered  white  siagar  a  teaspoonful,  in  a  large  basin  with 
a  wooden  spoon.  Then  gradually  add  cold  \vater  about  5  a 
pint,  previously  mixed  with  50  drops  of  pure  hydrochloric 
acid,  and  stir  constantly,  so  as  to  form  very  speedily  an 
intimate  mixture.  Divide  into  2  loaves,  and  put  into  a 
quick  oven  imnaediately. 

Another  form  of  luifermented  bread  is  as  follows: — Mix 


DIETETIC    AETICLES  289 

1  oz.  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  f  oz.  of  tartaric  acid,  and  i  oz. 
of  salt,  with  7  lbs.  (half  a  peck)  of  flour  ;  mix  the  whole 
thoroughly,  taking  care  that  all  the  ingredients  are  per- 
fectly dry ;  add,  in  2  or  3  portions,  4  pints  of  cold  water, 
and  incorporate  quickly ;  place  it  in  tins,  and  send  it  to 
the  oven  immediately.  If  not  baked  in  tins,  less  water 
must  be  used. 

Jones's  Patent  Flofr  contains  all  the  ingredients  ready 
mi.xed,  and  may  therefore  be  kneaded  with  water,  and  baked 
at  once,  without  further  additions.  To  1  cwt.  of  perfectly 
dry  wheat  flour,  IO5  oz.  (avoird.)  of  dry,  finely  powdered 
tartaric  acid  are  added.  Mis  well,  pass  through  a  flour- 
dressing  machine,  and  allow  it  to  remain  for  2  or  3  days. 
Then  add,  all  in  fine  powder  and  dry,  12  oz.  of  bicar- 
bonate of  soda,  2-4  oz.  of  common  salt,  and  8  oz.  of  loaf 
sugar.  Mi.x.  all  thoroughly  together,  and  pass  through  a 
flour-dressing  machine,  when  it  will  be  ready  for  use.  1  lb. 
made  into  bread  will  require  10  oz.  of  water,  or  for 
biscuits  6  oz.,  and  the  dough  must  be  baked  at  once  in  a 
well-heated  oven. 

(Biscuits  and  cakes  made  without  yeast,  and  containing  no 
butter,  are  jn'escribed  in  some  dyspeptic  cases ;  of  such  the 
following  are  examples  : — ) 

Abernethy  Biscuits.  Make  into  a  stiff  biscuit  paste,  1 
quart  of  milk,  6  eggs,  8  oz.  of  loaf  sugar,  and  i  oz.  of 
caraway  seeds,  with  flour  sufficient  to  bring  the  whole  to 
the  required  consistence.  Make  the  biscuits  thin,  dock 
them  with  holes  to  prevent  them  from  swelling  up,  and 
bake  in  an  oven  at  a  moderate  heat. 

Sponge  Biscuits.  Beat  the  yolks  of  12  eggs  for  J  an  hour, 
then  put  in  1^  lbs.  of  finely  powdered  sugar,  and  whisk  it 
briskly  until  it  rises  in  bubbles  ;  beat  the  whites  to  a 
strong  froth,  and  whisk  them  well  with  the  sugar  and 
yolks ;  then  work  in  14  oz.  of  flour,  with  the  rinds  of  2 
lemons  grated.  Bake  in  tin  moulds  buttered,  for  1  houi'  in 
a  quick  oven,  sifting  over  them  a  little  fine  sugar. 

Rice  Cake.  Beat  the  yolks  of  15  eggs  for  nearly  half  an 
hour  with  a  whisk,  mix  well  with  them  10  oz.  of  finely 
sifted  white  sugar;  put  in  ^  lb.  ground  rice,  a  little 
orange-flower  water  or  brandy,  and  the  rinds  of  2  lemons 
grated ;  then  add  the  whites  of  7  eggs,  well  beaten  up, 

19 


290  DIETETIC   AETICLES 

and  stir  the  whole  for  ^  of  an  hour ;  piit  into  a  hoop,  and 
bake  for  5  an  hour  in  a  quick  oven. 
(Bread  and  bisciiits  made  with  ginger  as  an  ingredient,  may 
also  be  useful  in  assisting  a  weak  digestion.     The  two  fol- 
lowmg  recipes  are  by  M.  Soyee  : — ) 

Common  GiNaER-BEEAD.  Put  on  a  slab  or  table  1  lb.  of 
floui' ;  make  a  ring  of  it ;  put  |  a  pint  of  treacle  in,  mix 
well  together,  working  it  so  as  to  form  a  stiff  paste.  Put 
some  flour  into  a  basin,  to  which  add  this  dough,  which 
will  keep  thus  for  7  or  8  weeks.  "WHien  wanted,  put  in 
any  quantity  of  ground  ginger,  according  to  taste  or  desire. 
Mix  well,  roll  thin,  and  cut  into  pieces  about  the  size  of 
a  crown ;  put  them  on  a  baking  sheet,  and  bake  for  a  few 
minutes,  till  crisp.  To  evei'y  poiind  of  paste,  an  ounce  of 
butter  may  be  used,  if  preferred.  These  cakes  will  keep  a 
long  while  in  an  air-tight  case. 

Ginger  Cake.  Take  ilb.  of  sugar,  ^Ib.  of.butter,  li  oz.  of 
ground  ginger,  6  eggs,  beat  well,  stir  in  1^  lbs.  of  flour,  and 
add  as  much  milk,  a  little  warm,  as  will  make  a  stiff  dough 
for  bread.     Bake  in  a  pan  for  2  hours. 

Gluten  Bread  (for  diabetic  patients).  It  is  made  with  the 
gluten  of  flour,  a  small  portion  only  of  the  starch  being 
retamed. 

Dr.  Aldeidge  recommends,  for  preparing  the  gluten, 
second  best  flour.  This  must  be  made  into  a  stiff  paste 
with  cold  water,  and  then  kneaded  with  the  hands  under 
a  current  of  water,  on  a  slanting  board  placed  in  a  two- 
gallon  jar,  until  starch  can  no  longer  be  detected  by  tinc- 
ture of  iodine  in  small  portions  taken  from  the  mass.  A 
stone  of  flour  yields  from  3i  to  4^  lbs.  of  gluten.  The 
gluten  may  also  be  obtained  from  starch  manufactories. 

To  prepare  the  bread,  the  following  materials  should 
be  mixed.  Fresh  moist  gluten  24  oz.,  bicarbonate  of 
ammonia  3i  drs.,  common  salt  1^  drs.,  powdered  caraway 
48  grs.,  wheaten  flour  4|  oz.,  powdered  bran  IJ  oz.,  salt 
butter  4  oz.  These  quantities  yield  24  oz.  of  bread, 
when  baked.  It  may  be  baked  in  small  and  flat  circular 
tin  pans,  placed  on  a  moderately  heated  hot  hearth.  It 
is  difiicult  to  bake  this  bread  properly  with  yeast,  as  pre- 
sci'ibed  by  BoucHAEDAX :  and  if  made  without  butter,  oi* 


DIETETIC    ARTICLES  291 

with  the  total  exclusion  of  starch,  it  becomes  extremely 
unpalatable. 

Dr.  Peecy  proposes  the  following  method : — Take  the 
matter  left  after  removing  the  starch  fi'om  16  lbs.  of  rasped 
potatoes,  I  lb.  of  mutton  suet,  12  eggs,  i  lb.  of  butter,  and 
3  oz.  of  carbonate  of  soda ;  mix,  and  add  2  oz.  of  diluted 
hydrochloric  acid;  divide  into  8  cakes,  and  bake  imme- 
diately in  a  quick  oven. 

[Various  alimentary  preparations  have  lately  been  intro- 
duced, the  basis  of  which  is  the  gluten  whicli  remains  in 
extracting  the  starch  from  wheat  flour  by  the  mechanical 
process.  Mr.  Gentil's  gluten  flour  is  a  mixture  of  this 
with  wheat  flour.  It  contains  42  per  cent,  of  gluten,  and 
yields  a  nutritious  and  digestible  gluten  biscuit,  gluten 
bread,  and,  \\\t\\  cocoa,  gluten  chocolate.  Mr.  Bullock's 
semola  and  Mr.  Veron's  granulated  gluten  are  of  the 
same  nature.  30  parts  of  white  flour,  10  of  fresh  gluten, 
and  7  of  water,  form  a  paste  resembling  Italian  macaroni, 
vermicelli,  &c.] 

BAEiNa  PowDEE.  Refer  to  Dettggists'  Nosteums,  further 
back. 

CiJSTARD  Powder.  Eub  up  together  gum  tragacanth  2  oz., 
potato  starch  1  lb.,  powdered  turmeric  2i  drs.,  -with  oil  of 
bitter  almonds  ^  dr.,  and  essence  of  lemons  1  dr.  Put 
up  into  1-ounce  packets.  (From  1  pint  of  new  milk  take 
2  tablespoonfuls  to  worlv  up  with  the  powder;  boil  the 
remaining  milk  with  2  ounces  of  lump  sugar,  and  pom- 
it,  while  boiling,  into  the  basin,  stirring  quickly  until 
thorouglily  mixed.  Bake  as  a  custard.) — Mr.  Schole- 
riELD. 

Without  the  colouring,  this  forms  Blanc-mange  Poivder. 

Rennet  Wine  {for  dyspeptic  persons).  Take  the  fresh 
rennet  bag  of  a  calf,  cut  off  and  throw  away  3  inches  of 
the  upper  or  cardiac  extremity,  slit  the  rest  longitudinally, 
wiping  gently  with  a  dry  napkin,  but  not  removing  the 
clean  mucus,  cut  it  into  small  pieces,  and  put  iuto  a  com- 
mon wine-bottle  filled  up  with  good  sherry.  Let  it 
remain  corked  for  three  weeks.  One  teaspoonful  in  a 
wine-glassful  of  water,  taken  after  meals,  assists  digestion. 
— Mr.  Geo.  Ellis. 


292  PEEPAKATIOirS    OF    COD-LIVEE 


PREPARATIONS  OF  COD-LIVER.* 

These  are  designed  for  such  invalids  as  are  likely  to  derive 
benefit  from  cod-liver  oil,  bvit  are  unable  to  overcome 
their  disgust  for  that  useful  medicine.  In  such  cases  the 
fresh  liver  itself  may  be  found  of  equal  service.  The  fol- 
lowing methods  of  cooking  it  are  adapted  from  those  of  M. 

SOYEB. 

Potatoes  and  Cod-livee.  Take  1  lb.  of  fresh  cod-liver; 
peel  and  steam  2  lbs.  of  floury  potatoes.  Cut  the  liver  in 
4  pieces,  jjlace  it  over  the  potatoes,  then  again  steam 
them,  letting  the  oil  from  the  liver  fall  on  them.  Wlien 
done,  make  some  incisions  in  the  liver  with  a  knife,  to 
extract  the  oil  remaining.  Afterwards,  the  liver  may  be 
eaten  with  some  ancliovy  sauce, — and  the  potatoes,  mixed 
with  the  oil,  with  a  little  salt  and  pepper.  (Simple  cod- 
oil,  as  tasteless  as  can  be  procured,  may  be  made  in  the 
same  manner  to  yield  a  palatable  dish  with  potatoes.) 

Rice  and  Cod-liveh.  Boil  i  lb.  of  rice  in  2  quarts  of 
water.  When  nearly  done,  remove  3  parts  of  the  water, 
then  put  over  the  v'wo  1  lb.  of  cod-liver,  cut  in  large  dice. 
Put  the  saucepan  in  a  slow  oven  for  about  30  minutes,  by 
which  time  it  will  be  well  cooked.  Take  the  liver  out, 
which  serve  as  above.  Stir  up  the  rice  with  a  fork,  and 
serve  it  with  salt  and  pepper.  If  no  oven,  care  must  be 
taken  to  cook  over  a  slow  fire,  or  else  it  will  burn. 

Tapioca  and  Cod-livee.  Boil  i  lb.  of  tapioca  till  soft,  in 
2  quarts  of  water,  drain  in  a  cullender,  then  put  it  back 
in  the  pan ;  season  with  salt  and  pepper,  add  -^  pint  of 
milk,  j)ut  over  1  lb.  of  fresh  cod-liver,  cut  in  8  pieces.  Set 
the  pan  near  the  fire  to  simmer  slowly  for  half  an  hour, 
or  a  little  more,  till  the  liver  is  quite  cooked.  Press  on  it 
with  a  spoon  to  squeeze  out  the  oil.  Take  away  the  liver, 
and  mix  the  tapioca.  If  too  thick,  add  a  little  milk,  boil 
for  a  few  minutes,  add  a  little  more  salt  and  pejiper,  and 
serve.     Here,  again,  a  slow  oven  is  better  than  a  fire. 

COD-EOE  and  Cod-livee.     Take  a  cod's  roe,  cut  open  the 

*  Dr.  Squib  says,  that  a  five  per  cent,  solution  of  gum  araliic  tends 
greatly  to  cover  the  taste  of  cod-liver  oil ;  and  that  some  suit  herring  eaten 
just  hc.'bre  taking  it,  would  render  the  taste  imperceptible. 


CONDIMENTS  AND  CULINARY  COMPOUNDS    293 

skin  wliic-h  surrounds  it ;  put  the  eggs  in  a  basin,  pour 
water  over  tliem,  mashing  with  the  hand,  to  separate 
them ;  throw  away  the  water.  Add  i  lb.  of  salt  and  a 
teaspoonfiil  of  pepper.  Let  tlieni  soak  all  night.  Wash 
well  2  or  3  times,  leaving  about  a  gill  at  the  bottom.  Put 
over  it  now  2  lbs.  of  the  liver,  in  6  or  8  pieces;   put  the 

'  stew-pan  on  a  very  slow  lire  or  in  an  oven  for  an  hour ; 
then  take  out  the  liver,  which  serve  as  usual.  Add  about 
a  gill  of  melted  butter  to  the  roe,  when  it  will  be  ready. 

Cod-lit EB  Sauce.  ^  lb.  of  cod-liver,  previously  boiled,  and 
cut  into  large  dice,  may  be  added  to  a  little  anchovy  sauce, 
and  i  pint  of  melted  butter.  (This  may  be  eaten  with 
potatoes  or  tish.  Cod-liver  oil  may  be  used  as  a  sauce  in 
the  same  way,  disguising  its  taste  in  the  butter  by  pepper, 
vinegar,  or  anchovies,  and  gradually  increasing  its  amount 
as  the  i)atient  becomes  habituated  to  it.) 


CONDIMENTS,   AND   VARIOUS  CULINARY 
COMPOUNDS. 

Curry  Powder.  The  recipes  for  "  true  Indian  Curry  Pow- 
der" are  numerous,  and  vary  much  in  the  number  and 
proportion  of  the  ingredients.  The  total  quantity  of 
powder  in  each  of  the  following  recipes  being  nearly  equal, 
tlie  relative  proportion  of  the  different  colom'ing,  heating, 
and  flavouring  ingredients,  will  at  once  be  seen.  Dr. 
Kitchener  complains  that  the  proportion  of  cayenne  is 
generally  so  large,  that  a  proper  quantity  of  the  powder 
cannot  be  used  to  obtain  the  benefit  of  the  other  ingredi- 
ents ;  and  the  Editor  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Journal  justly 
observes  that  many  recipes  contain  too  large  a  proportion 
of  turmeric.  All  the  ingredients  should  be  of  fine  quality, 
and  recently  ground. 


294   COI^DIMENTS  AND  CULIifAllT  COMPOUNDS 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

Turmeric    .    .    . 

9 

6 

6 

8 

9 

9 

9 

4 

6 

6 

7 

8 

Coriander  seed    . 

9 

16 

12 

22 

10 

9 

16 

12 

11 

16 

13 

12 

'MustaTd,  scorched 

3 





— 

3 

3 

— 

4 

— 



— 

— 

Cavenue      .     .     . 

21 

4 

1* 

1 

li 

? 

1* 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Pepper,  black  or") 
long    .     .     .  i 

6 

3 

8 

2 

3 

3 

2* 

4 

5 

H 

5 

4 

bl. 

bl. 

long 

bl. 

bl. 

bl. 

bl. 

bl. 

bl. 

bl. 

bl. 

bl. 

Pimento 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2 

A 

— 

— 

Cloves    .     . 

1 

— 

— 

i 

— 

— 

i 

i 

— 

— 

Cinnamon  . 

a 

— 

— 

¥ 

— 

— 

3 

i 

— 

— 

Cardamom  . 

2 

3 

— 

— 

u 

1^ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3 

Ginger    .    . 

1 

— 

— 

3 

3 

— 



2 

1* 



4 

Mace .... 

1 

— 

— 

— 

— 

i 

X 

— 

^ 

— 

— 

Fenugreek  . 

— 

— 

3 

— 

— 

2 

2 

H 

3 

— 

Cumin    .     . 

•^ 

— 

2 

"~- 

1 

— 

3 

2 

— 

3 

1 

The  addition  of  1  oz.  of  garlic,  or  2  oz.  of  shallots,  to  2  lbs. 
of  either  of  the  above,,  will  be  approved  by  some  palates. 

The  true  Indian  curry  sis  said  to  be  thus  made:  Coriander 
seed  6  drs.,  turmeric  5  scruples,  fresh  ginger  4^  drs.,  cumin 
seed  18  grs.,  black  pepper  54  grs.,  poppy  seed  94  grs.,  garlic 
2  heads,  cinnamon  a  scruple,  cardamom  5  seeds,  8  cloves, 
1  or  2  chillies,  half  a  cocoa-uut  grated ;  all  but  the  last  to 
be  ground  on  a  stone. 

Bengal  Chitni.  Chillies  1^  lbs.,  uni'ipe  mangoes  (or  apples) 
1  lb.,  red  tamarinds  2  lbs.,  sugar  candy  1  lb.,  fresh  ginger 
root  li  lbs.,  garlic  f  to  li-  lbs.,  sultana  raisins  1|  lbs.,  fine 
salt  1  lb.,  and  5  bottles  of  the  best  ^-inegar ;  soak  the  chil- 
lies for  an  hour  in  the  vinegar,  then  grmd  all  with  a  stone 
and  muller  to  a  paste. 

Itaiian  Tamaea.  Coriander  seed,  cloves,  and  cinnamon,  of 
each  8  oz. ,-  anise  and  fennel  seeds,  of  each  4  oz  ;  mix. 

Mixed  Spices  and  Satouey  Heebs.  1.  Kidder's  Sweet 
Spice.  Equal  weights  of  cloves,  mace,  nutmegs,  cinna- 
mon, and  sugar. 

2.  Kidder's  Savour^/  Spice.  Equal  weights  of  salt,  pep- 
per, cloves,  nutmegs,  and  mace. 

3.  Ragout.  Salt  16  oz.,  pepper  8  oz.,  nutmeg,  ginger, 
and  allspice,  each  \  oz. ;  lemon-peel  8  oz.,  mustard  flour 
8  oz.,  cayenne  2  oz. ;  mix. 

4.  Sausage.     Pepper  5  lbs.,  cloves  1^  lbs.,  nutmegs  Ij 


( 


CTJLINAET   ESSENCES,   TIKCTFRES,   ETC.      295 

lbs.,  giuger  2^  lbs.,  aniseed  i  lb.,  coriander  seed  i  lb. ; 
mix. 

5.  Dr.  Kitchenee's  Savoury  Ragout.  Salt  2  oz.,  mus- 
tard, black  pepper,  and  grated  lemon-peel,  of  eacb  1  oz., 
allspice,  ginger,  and  nutmeg,  of  eacb  \  oz.,  cayenne  i  oz. 

6.  Soup  Herh  and  Savoury  Foivder.  Mix  3  parts  of 
No.  7  witb  1  part  of  No.  5. 

7.  Dr.  Kitchener's  (So^^j;  Herb  Foioder,  or  Vegetable 
Relish.  Dried  parsley,  winter  savoury,  sweet  marjoram, 
lemon  tliyme,  of  eacb  2  oz.,  dried  lemon-peel  and  sweet 
basil,  of  eacb  1  oz. :  mix.  Tbey  sbould  be  carefully  dried 
in  a  Dutch  oven,  powdered,  passed  tbrougb  a  bair  sieve, 
and  kept  in  closely  covered  bottles.     For  sauces,  soups,  &c. 

8.  Pease  Powder.     Pound  togetber  in  a  marble  mortar. 

2  oz.  eacb  of  dried  mint  and  sage,  i  oz.  eacb  of  celery 
seed  and  black  pepper,  and  rub  them  tbrougb  a  bair  sieve. 

HoHSE-EADisH  PowDEE.  Take  up  tbe  roots  in  November 
or  Decenaber,  dry  tbeni  carefully  with  a  gentle  heat,  and 
reduce  to  powder. 

SoLrBLE  Cayenne.  To  1  lb.  of  tbe  best  cayenne  pepper, 
add  as  niucb  rectified  spirit  as  will  form  it  into  a  paste. 
Cover  tbis  up  for  two  bours ;  then  place  it  in  a  percolator, 
and  gradually  pour  on  it  more  spirit  till  a  pint  of  liquid  is 
procured.  A  little  water  cautiously  poured  on  tbe  pepper 
wiU  displace  most  of  tbe  remaining  spirit.  Distil  off 
most  of  tbe  spirit  for  future  use,  and  add  to  tbe  residue 

3  lbs.  of  fine  salt,  and  evaporate  tbe  mixture  to  dryness  by 
tbe  beat  of  a  water-batb.  It  is  usually  coloured,  but  is 
better  ^\itliout  being  so. 

CULINAEY   ESSENCES,   TINCTURES,   &c. 

Almond  Elayoue.  Essential  oil  of  bitter  almonds  1  part, 
rectified  spirit  7  parts.  Some  put  1  part  of  oil  to  15 
of  spirit;  others,  1  part  to  3.  It  should  not  be  sold 
without  a  caution  as  to  tbe  quantity  to  be  used;  or 
rather,  the  oil  sbould  be  first  purified  from  its  hydro- 
cyanic acid,  by  mixing  it  witb  a  solution  of  chloride  of 
iron  and  cream  of  lime,  vnth  a  little  peroxide  of  mercury, 
and,  after  a  few  days'  contact,  carefully  re-distilling  the 
oil. 


296      CULINAET    ESSENCES,    TIXCTUEES,   ETC. 

FLAYomrN-G  Essence.  Purified  oil  of  bitter  almonds  8 
drojjs,  essence  of  lemon  12  drops,  oil  of  cinnamon  8  drops, 
oil  of  nutmeg  4  drops,  higlily  rectified  sjiirit  1  oz.  A  few 
drops  to  be  added  to  puddings,  custards,  &c. 

Lemox  FLATorE.  Fresh  lemon-peel,  cut  tliin,  3  drs.,  essence 
of  lemon  1  dr.,  alcohol  3  oz.  [Another  method  is  to  rub 
a  lump  of  sugar  on  clean,  dry  lemons,  till  the  yelkiw  rind 
is  taken  up  by  the  sugar;  then  scrape  off  the  saturated 
part  of  the  sugar,  and  keep  it  in  a  closely  co^'ered  pot  for 
use.] 

TixcTUEE  OF  CixxAMOX  (Kitchexee's).  Bruiscd  cinna- 
mon 3  oz.,  a  bottle  of  Cognac  brandy ;  digest  for  a  fort- 
night, and  strain.  [Tincture  of  Allspice,  Nutmeg,  Cloves, 
in  the  same  manner.] 

Essence  of  Cinnamon.  Bruised  cinnamon  2  drs.,  oil  of 
'cinnamon  1  dr.,  highly  rectified  spirit  3  oz. ;  digest,  and 
strain. 

Essences  of  Nutmeg,  Mace,  Ck-OA^ES,  Allspice,  &c.  These 
arc  made  from  the  spices  and  their  essential  oils,  as 
Essence  of  Cinnamon. 

Essence  of  Celeet.  Celery  seed  2  oz.  to  1  oz.,  brandy 
4  oz. ;  digest  for  8  or  10  days,  and  filter. 

Essence  of  Caeaway.  Bruised  caraway  seed  1  oz.,  recti- 
fied spirit  8  oz.,  oil  of  caraway  i  oz.,  brown  sugar  |  oz. ; 
digest  for  8  or  10  days,  and  filter. 

Aeomatic  Essence  of  Gingee.  Fresh  grated  ginger  3  oz., 
fresh  thin  lemon-peel  2  oz.,  brandy  IJ-  pints ;  macerate  for 
10  days. — Dr.  Kitchenee). 

Essence  of  Peae,  and  Essence  of  Pine-Apple.  See 
Trade  Chemicals. 

Essence  of  Cayenne  (Kitchenee's).  Put  i  oz.  of  cayenne 
pepper  into  half  a  pint  of  brandy ;  let  it  steep  for  a  fort- 
night, then  jjour  off  the  clear  liquor.  [A  much  stronger 
essence  is  sometimes  kept,  prepared  by  percolation,  as 
directed  for  Soluble  Cayenne.] 

Spieit  of  Sayouey  Spices  (Kitchenee's).  Black  pepper 
1  oz.,  allspice  4  oz.,  nutmeg  ^  oz.  (all  pounded) ;  infuse 
in  16  fluid  oz.  of  brandy  for  10  days. 

Spieit  of  Soup  Heebs  (Kitchenee's).  Lemon  thyme, 
winter  savoury,  sweet  marjoram,  sweet  basil,  of  each  1  oz., 


CULINARY  YIKEGARS,  SAUCES,  ETC.    297 

grated  Iciiion-pcfl    and  shallots,    each    2    oz.,  celery  seed 

1  dr. ;  iufuse  in  a  pint  of  brandy  for  10  days. 
Spirit   oi?    Satoukt   SriCES.      Infuse   half    the    Savoury 

Kasjont  Powder  (sec  Mixed  Spices,  &c..  No.  5,  further 

hack)  in  a  quart  of  lirandy  for  10  days. 
Kitchener's  Soup  Herb  and  Savottry  Spice  Si'Ikit.     A 

mixture  of  equal  measures  of  the  last  two. 

CULINAKY  VINEGARS,  SAUCES,  &c. 

Tarragon  YiNEaAR.  Put  fresh  tarragon  leaves  into  a  stone 
jar,  and  pour  on  them  a  sufficient  quantity  of  the  hest 
wine  vinegar  to  cover  them.  Set  the  jar  in  a  warm  place 
for  14  days ;  then  strain  through  a  jelly -hag.  [In  the 
same  way  may  he  made,  elder  tlower,  hasil,  green  mint, 
and  burnet  vinegars.  Cress  and  celery  vinegars  are  made 
with  i  oz.  of  tlie  bruised  seed  to  a  quart  of  vinegar. 
Horse-radish  innegar,  with  3  oz.  of  the  scraped  root,  1  oz. 
of  minced  shallots,  1  dr.  of  cayenne,  to  a  quart  of  vinegar. 
Garlic  vinegar  is  made  with  2  oz.  of  minced  garlic  to  a 
quart  of  wine  vinegar.  Shallot  vinegar  in  the  same  pro- 
portion. Chilli  vinegar,  with  50  English  chillies,  cut  or 
bruised  (or  ^  oz.  cayenne  pepper),  to  a  pint  of  the  best 
vinegar ;  digest  for  1-i  days.] 

Camp  Vinegar.  Take  12  chopped  anchovies,  2  cloves  of 
garlic  minced,  1  dr.  of  cayenne,  2  oz.  of  soy,  4  oz.  of 
walnut  catsup,  and  a  pint  of  the  best  vinegar ;  digest  for 
a  month,  and  strain. 

2.  Vinegar  a  quart,  walnut  catsup  a  pint,  mushroom 
catsup  4  tablespoonfuls,  garlic  4  heads,  cayenne  i  oz., 
soy  2  tablespoonfuls,  port  wine  2  glasses,  3  anchovies, 
and  a  tablespoonful  of  salt ;  put  them  into  a  bottle,  shake 
daily  for  a  month,  and  decant. 

Q'rERT  Vinegar.  Infuse  3  oz.  of  curry  powder  in  a  quart 
of  vinegar,  near  the  fire,  for  3  days. 

Raspberry  Vinegar.  Macerate  2'  lbs.  of  fresh  raspberries 
Avith  a  pint  of  the  best  vinegar  for  14  days  and  strain. 
Or  to  a  quart  of  the  juice  add  2  oz.  of  strong  acetic  acid, 
or  enough  to  render  it  sufficiently  acid. 

Eschalot  Wine.  Bruised  shallots  3  oz.,  sherry  wine  a  pint ; 
infuse  for  10  days.     An  o\ince  of  scraped  horse-radish  and 


298  CTJLII7AET   YINEGAES,    SATJCES,   ETC. 

a  drachm  of  thin  lemon-peel  may  be  added.  ["  The  most 
elegant  preparation  of  the  onion  tribe." — Dr.  Kitchenee.] 
Wines  of  several  herbs  may  be  made  in  the  same  propor- 
tion as  the  vinegars. 

Feench  MtrsTAED.  This  is  sold  with  a  great  variety  of 
flavours.  A  good  substitute  may  be  made  by  mixing 
good  flour  of  mustard  with  the  liquor  of  walnut  and  other 
pickles ;  or  with  the  flavoured  vinegars  above.  The  fol- 
lowing is   one   of   the   published   recipes  : — Salt    12   oz., 

I  scraped  horse-radish  8  oz.,  a  clove  of  garlic,  ^  oz.  of  sugar, 
a  gallon  of  French  vinegar  (hot  but  not  boiling).  Macerate 
for  24  hours,  and  strain.     Mix  with  flour  of  mustard,  q.  s. 

MusTAED  POE  THE  Table.  Mix  8  spoonfuls  of  flour  of 
mustard  with  2  of  salt,  and  9  of  water.  Mix  to  a  smooth 
paste,  add  6  spoonfuls  more  of  water,  and  mix. 

Essence  of  Anchovies.  Beat  1  lb.  of  anchovies  in  a 
Wedgewood  mortar,  and  put  them  into  a  pipkin  with  4  oz. 
of  vinegar  J  boil  for  a  few  minutes,  and  rub  the  pulp 
through  a  hair-sieve.  Boil  the  bones  in  IJ  lbs.  of  water, 
strain,  and  add  2  oz.  of  salt,  and  2  oz.  of  flour  of  starch, 
and  the  pulped  anchovies ;  let  it  boil,  and  pass  it  through 
a  hair-sieve.  It  is  usually  coloured  with  powdered  bole, 
or  with  annatto.  Gum  tragacanth  is  sometimes  used  to 
stiffen  it  instead  of  flour.  Another  method  is,  to  simmer 
anchovies  in  their  own  weight  of  water  for  2  or  3  hours, 
removing  any  scum  that  may  rise,  strain  with  pressure 
through  a  strong  canvas  bag,  and  fllter  through  flannel. 
This  has  the  pure  flavour  of  the  fish,  but  a  little  cayenne 
and  salt  may  be  added,  to  preserve  it. 

Anchovy  Paste.  Pound  the  flsh  in  a  mortar,  and  rub  the 
pulp  through  a  fine  sieve.  Put  it  into  pots,  and  cover 
with  clarified  butter. 

MusHEOOM  Catsup.  Press  the  mushrooms  in  a  tincture 
press  and  boil  the  juice  with  ^  oz.  black  pepper-cornt, 
1  oz.  pimento,  ^  oz.  of  ginger,  ^  oz.  cloves,  1^  oz.  shallots, 
and  8  oz.  of  salt,  to  each  gallon.  Some  add  4  oz.  of 
brandy.  Or  sprinkle  the  mushrooms  with  salt  (a  pound 
to  2  pecks),  stir  occasionally  for  2  days,  then  squeeze  them 
gently  in  a  hair-sieve,  and  boil  the  liquor  with  pepper  and 
other  spices. 

Walnxtt  Catsup.     1.  Mix  6  half  sieves  of  green  walnut- 


CULINAET  YINEGAES,  SAUCES,  ETC.    299 

shells  with  2  or  3  lbs.  of  salt  in  a  ^yooclen  vessel;  let  them 
stand  6  days,  beating  them  frequently  till  they  become 
pulpy  ;  then  di'aiu  off  the  juice,  and  boil  it  up  with  4  oz. 
of  ginger  and  allspice,  and  2  oz.  of  long  pepper  and  cloves. 
2.  Juice  of  walnuts  1  gallon,  ancho^'ies  2  lbs.,  shallots 

1  lb.  cloves,  mace,  and  black  pepper,  of  each  1  oz.,  and  a 
clove  of  garlic.     Boil  for  a  short  time,  and  bottle  it. 

Lemon  Pickle.  Slice  6  lemons,  rub  them  with  salt,  lay 
them  in  a  stone  jar,  with  2  oz.  each  of  allspice  and  white 
pepper ;  add  i  oz.  each  of  mace,  cloves,  and  cayenne,  and 

2  oz.  each  of  horseradish  and  mustard  seed;  pour  over 
them  2  quarts  of  hot  distilled  \dnegar  ;  and,  after  standing 
for  a  few  days,  strain.     Some  add  ganlic  or  shallots. 

QuiN  Sauce.  Mushroom  catsup  i  pint,  walnut  pickle  i 
pint,  port  wine  ^  pint,  6  anchovies,  and  6  shallots  (both 
pounded) ;  soy,  a  tablespoonful ;  cayenne  i  dr. ;  simmer 
together  gently  for  10  minutes,  strain,  and  bottle.  _ 

Waterloo  Sauce.  Vinegar  4  pints,  port  winel  pint,  cayenne 
1  oz.,  walnut  catsup  i  j^iut,  mushroom  catsup  i  pint, 
essence  of  anchovies  4  oz.,  powdered  cochineal  1  oz.,  garlic 
12  cloves. 

Epicueean  Sauce.  Indian  soy  2  oz.,  walnut  catsup,  miash- 
room  catsup,  of  each  8  oz.,  port  wine  2  oz.,  bruised  white 
pep23er  ^  oz.,  shallots  3  oz.,  cayenne  j  oz.,  cloves  ^  oz. 
Macerate  for  14  days  in  a  warm  place,  strain,  and  add 
white  wine  vinegar  to  make  up  a  pint. 

Sauce,  Superlative  (Dr.  Kitchener's).  Port  vnne,  and 
mushroom  catsuji  of  each  a  pint ;  walnut  or  other  pickle 
liquor,  ^  pmt,  jiowdered  ancho\aes  4  oz. ;  fresh  lemon-peel 
cut  thin,  sliced  shallots,  and  scraped  horse-radish,  of  each 
1  oz.,  allspice  and  black  pepi^er,  of  each  i  oz. ;  cayenne 
1  dr. ;  curry  powder  3  drs. ;  celery  seed  1  dr. ;  put  them 
into  a  wide -mouthed  bottle,  stop  it  close,  shake  daily  for 
a  fortnight,  and  strain  :  a  \  pint  of  soy  may  be  added. 

[A  variety  of  sauces  may  be  made  by  mixing,  in  different 
proportions,  the  ingredients  of  the  last  4  sauces.] 

Cassareep.  The  expressed  juice  of  the  roots  of  the  bitter 
cassava ;  used  as  a  condiment  in  the  West  Indies. 

Sot.  Boil  a  gallon  of  the  seeds  of  Doliclios  soja  till  soft, 
add  a  gallon  of  bruised  wheat,  keep  them  in  a  warm  place 
for  24  hours ;  add  a  gallon  of  salt,  and  2  gallons  of  water, 


300  ricKLES 

and  after  keeping  thcin  hunged  up  in  a  stone  jar  for  2  or 
3  inoiiths,  press  out  the  li(iuor. 

TICKLES. 

A  few  reeipes  are  here  given  as  illustrations  of  the  nictliods 
employed  in  preparing  these  eondinieiits.  For  full  parti- 
culars the  reader  is  referred  to  the  popular  treatises  on 
Cookery.  The  hest  vinegar  (pickling,  or  No.  24  vinegar) 
should  be  cm])loyed.  Some  prefer  the  crystal  or  white 
vinegar  (distilled  vinegar,  or  rather  pure  diluted  wood- 
vinegar),  espcoially  for  white  pickles ;  Init  the  hest  wine 
vinegar  is  more  agreeable.  Stoneware  jars,  not  glazed 
with  lead,  should  be  used  to  keep  the  pickles  in  j  or  other- 
wise green  glass  jars. 

Spiced  Visegae,  foe  Pickles  generally.  Bruise  in  a 
mortar  2  oz.  of  black  pepper,  1  oz.  of  ginger,  ^  oz.  of 
allspice,  and  1  oz.  of  silt.  If  a  hotter  pickle  is  desired, 
add  i  dr.  of  cayenne,  or  a  few  capsicums.  For  walnuts, 
add  also  1  oz.  of  shallots.  Put  these  into  a  stone  jar, 
with  a  quart  of  vinegar,  and  cover  them  with  a  bladder 
wetted  with  the  pickle,  and  over  this  place  a  piece  of  leather. 
Set  the  jar  on  a  trivet  near  the  tire  for  3  days,  shaking 
it  3  times  a  day,  then  pour  it  on  the  \^■alnuts  or  other 
vegetables.  For  walnuts  it  is  used  hot,  but  for  cabbage, 
&c.,  cold.  To  save  time,  it  is  usual  to  simmer  the  vinegar 
gently  with  the  siDices ;  which  is  best  done  in  an  enamelled 
saucepan. 

Beet  Root.  Boil  the  roots  till  3  parts  done  (from  11  to 
2\  hours)  :  then  take  them  out,  peel  them,  and  cut  them 
in  thin  slices.  Put  them  into  a  jar,  and  pour  on  them 
sufficient  cold  spiced  vinegar  (as  above)  to  cover  them. 

Cabbage,  White.  Cut  it  into  thin  slices,  put  them  into  an 
earthen  pan,  sprinkle  them  with  salt,  and  let  them  lie  for 
2  days ;  then  drain  them  and  spread  them  out  before  the 
fire  for  some  hours :  put  them  into  a  stone  jar,  and  add 
sufficient  \\hite  vinegar,  or  pale  white  vinegar,  to  cover 
them,  and  add  a  little  mace  and  white  pepper-corns. 

Cabb'age,  Bed.  Eemove  the  outer  leaves  and  stalks,  and 
cut  the  cabbage  in  quarters,  then  shred  them  into  a 
cullender,  and  sprinkle  them  with  salt;  next  day  drain 


PICKLES  801 

tliem,  put  them  into  a  jar,  and  pour  on  tlicni  sufficient 
cold  spiced  vinegar  to  cover  tlieni.  Otlier.s  hang  uj)  the 
cal)hage  for  a  few  days  to  dry,  then  shred  the  leaves,  and 
put  them  in  layers  in  a  jar  with  a  little  salt,  popper,  and 
ginger,  and  fill  up  with  cold  vinegar.  Others  use  vinegar 
without  spice. 

Cauliflower  and  Broccoli.  These  should  he  sliced,  and 
salted  for  2  or  3  days,  then  drained,  and  spread  upon  a 
dry  cloth  before  the  fire  for  24  hovu's  ;  then  put  into  a  jar, 
and  covered  with  spiced  vinegar.  Dr.  Kitchener  says, 
that  if  vegetables  are  put  into  cold  salt  and  water  (a  ^  lb. 
of  salt  to  a  quart  of  water)  and  gradually  heated  to  boil- 
ing, it  answers  the  same  purpose  as  letting  them  lie  some 
days  in  salt. 

Cucumbers.  GherJcins.  Small  cucumbers,  but  not  too 
young,  are  wiped  clean  with  a  dry  cloth,  put  into  a  jar, 
and  boiling  vinegar,  containing  a  handful  of  salt,  poured  on 
them.  Boil  up  the  vinegar  every  3  days,  and  pour  it  on 
them  till  they  become  green  ;  then  add  ginger  and  pepper, 
and  tie  them  up  close  for  use.  Or  cover  them  with  salt 
and  water  (as  above)  in  a  stone  jar,  cover  this,  and  set 
them  on  the  hearth  before  the  fire  for  2  or  3  days,  till 
they  turn  yellow;  then  put  away  the  water,  and  cover 
them  with  hot  vinegar,  set  them  near  the  fire,  and  keep 
them  hot  for  8  or  10  days,  till  they  become  green ;  then 
pour  off  the  \'inegai',  cover  them  with  hot  spiced  vinegar, 
and  keep  them  close. 

Mangoes.  Large  cucumbers,  or  small  melons,  are  split  so 
that  a  marrow- spoon  may  be  introduced,  and  the  seeds 
scooped  out ;  they  are  then  parboiled  in  brine  strong 
enough  to  float  an  egg,  dried  on  a  cloth  before  the  fire, 
filled  with  mustard-seed  and  a  clove  of  garlic,  and  then 
covered  with  spiced  vinegar.     True  mangoes  the  same. 

Mushrooms.  Clean  them  with  water  and  flannel,  throw 
them  into  boiling  salt  and  water  in  a  stewpan,  and 
let  them  boil  for  a  few  minutes.  Drain  them  in  a 
cullender,  and  lay  them  on  a  linen  cloth,  covering  them 
with  another.  Put  them  into  bottles  with  a  blade  or 
two  of  mace,  and  fill  up  \\\i\\  white  vinegar,  pouring 
some  melted  mutton  fat  on  the  top,  if  they  are  intended  to 
be  kept  long. 


302  PICKLES 

NASTURTirMS,  Frekch  Beans,  and  other  small  green  vege- 
tables, are  pickled  in  tlie  same  way  as  Gherkins. 

Oxiois'S.  1.  Let  them  lie  in  strong  salt  and  water  for  a 
fortnight ;  then  take  them  out  and  peel  them ;  put  them 
in  fresh  salt  and  water  for  another  fortnight ;  take  them 
out,  wash  them  clean,  and  let  them  lie  in  fresh  water  all 
night.  Next  day  put  them  on  a  cloth  to  drain ;  then  put 
them  in  ajar,  and  pour  over  them  hot  spiced  vinegar.  If 
you  wish  them  of  a  nice  colour,  use  white  vinegar. 

2.  Peel  small  silver  button  onions,  and  throw  them  into 
a  stewpan  of  boiling  water ;  as  soon  as  they  look  clear, 
take  them  out  with  a  perforated  spoon,  and  lay  them  on  a 
folded  cloth,  covered  with  another,  and  when  quite  dry, 
put  them  mto  a  jar,  and  cover  them  with  hot  spiced 
\inegar.  Wlien  quite  cold,  h\mg  them  do\vai,  and  cover 
with  bladder  wetted  with  the  pickle,  and  leather. 

Walnuts.  Take  100  young  walnuts,  lay  them  in  salt  and 
water  for  2  or  3  days,  changing  the  water  every  day, 
(If  required  to  be  soon  ready  for  use,  pierce  each  walnut 
with  a  larding-pin,  that  the  pickle  may  penetrate.)  Wipe 
them  with  a  soft  cloth,  and  lay  them  on  a  folded  cloth  for 
some  hours.  Then  put  them  in  a  jar,  and  pour  on  them 
sufficient  of  the  above  spiced  vinegar,  hot,  to  cover  them. 
Or  they  may  be  allowed  to  simmer  gently  in  strong  vinegai", 
then  put  into  a  jar  with  a  handful  of  mustard  seed,  1  oz. 
ginger,  ^  oz.  mace,  1  oz.  allspice,  2  heads  of  garlic,  and  2 
split  nutmegs,  and  pour  on  them  sufficient  boiling  \anegar 
to  cover  them.  Dr.  Kitchenek  recommends  the  walnuts 
to  be  gently  simmered  with  the  brine,  then  laid  on  a  cloth 
for  a  day  or  two,  till  they  turn  black,  put  into  a  jar,  and 
hot  spiced  \inegar  poured  on  them. 

Tomatoes.     As  Gherkins.     See  CtrctiMBEES. 

Piccalilli,  Indian,  or  Mixed  Pickles.  1.  To  each  gallon 
of  strong  vinegar  piit  4  oz.  of  curry  powder,  4  oz.  of  good 
flour  of  mustard,  3  oz.  of  bruised  ginger,  2  oz.  of  turmeric, 
8  oz.  of  skinned  shallots,  and  2  oz.  of  garlic  (the  last  two 
slightly  baked  in  a  Dutch  oven),  \  lb.  of  salt,  and  2  drs.  of 
cayenne  pepper.  Digest  these  near  the  fire,  as  directed 
above  for  spiced  vinegar.  Put  into  a  jar,  gherkms,  sliced 
cucumbers,  sliced  onions,  button  onions,  cauliflower,  celery, 
broccoli,   French    beans,    nasturtiums,    capsicums,   large 


PICKLES  303 

encumbers,  and  small  melons.  All,  except  the  capsicums, 
to  be  parboiled  in  salt  and  water,  drained,  and  dried  on  a 
cloth  before  the  fire.  The  melons  and  large  cucumbers  to 
be  prepared  as  directed  above  for  mangoes.  Pour  on  them 
the  above  pickle. 

2.  Take  1  lb.  of  ginger-root,  and  ^  lb.  of  garlic  (both 
previously  salted  and  dried),  2  gallons  of  vinegar,  i  oz.  of 
turmeric,  i  lb.  of  long  pepper.  Digest  together  for  2  or  3 
days  near  the  fire  in  a  stone  jar ;  or  gently  simmer  them 
iu  a  pipkin  or  enamelled  saucepan.  Then  put  in  the  above 
vegetables,  or  almost  any  except  red  cabbage  and  walnuts, 
all  previously  salted  and  dried. 

Beine,  oe  Pickle,  eor  Poek,  &c.  Bro'mi  sugar,  bay  salt, 
common  salt,  of  each  2  lbs.,  saltpetre  i  lb.,  water  a  gallon. 
Boil  gently,  and  remove  the  scum.  Another  meat  pickle 
is  made  with  12  lbs.  of  salt,  2  lbs.  of  sugar  or  treacle,  ^  lb. 
of  nitre,  and  sufiicient  water  to  dissolve  it.  To  cure  Hams, 
mix  5  oz.  of  nitre  with  8  oz.  of  coarse  sugar ;  rub  it  on 
the  ham,  and  in  24  hours  rub  in  2  lbs.  of  salt,  and  in  a 
fortnight  2  lbs.  more.  The  above  is  for  a  ham  of  20  lbs. ; 
it  should  lie  in  the  salt  a  month  or  5  weeks. 

Westphalian  Essence — Cambeian  Essence  of  Wood 
SiiOKE.  These  appear  to  be  crude  pyroligneous  acid,  or 
wood  vinegar,  and  are  used  to  give  to  hams,  &c.,  the 
smoked  flavour.  The  following  has  been  published  as 
the  recipe  for  Essence  of  Smoke,  but  we  apprehend  it 
is  far  from  being  correct : — Macerate  for  several  weeks 
i  dr.  of  Barbadoes  tar,  1  dr.  of  liquid  burnt  sugar,  5  drs. 
each  of  port  wine  and  vinegar,  2  drs.  of  salt,  and  7  oz.  of 
water. 


TRADE    CHEMICALS 


MISCELLANEOUS  PREPARATIONS,  &  COMPOUNDS 
EMPLOYED  IN  THE  ARTS,  IN  DOMESTIC  ECO- 
NOMY, CHEMICAL  RESEARCH  AND  AMUSE- 
MENT, &c. 


This  division  of  the  work  comprises  those  chemical  com- 
pounds which  are  employed  for  other  jjurposes  than  those 
of  medicine,  and  which  have  not  heen  noticed  in  the 
former  parts  of  this  volume.  It  includes  a  variety  of  mis- 
cellaneous articles  which  are  sometimes  sold  by  the  retail 
druggist,  or  the  materials  of  which  he  is  expected  to 
famish,  or  with  the  composition  of  which  it  is  desirable 
he  should  be  acquainted.  The  limits  of  the  work  do  not 
admit  of  a  minute  description  of  the  processes  and  mani- 
pulations employed  in  the  manufacture  of  such  chemicals 
as  are  only  made  on  the  large  scale,  and  never  by  the  re- 
tailer; nor  of  those  chemical  arts  which  have  no  imme- 
diate connection  with  the  trade. 


Acetates.  Such  as  are  employed  in  medicme  will  be  found 
in  the  Pocket  Formulary.  The  only  Acetates  requiring 
notice  here  are  the  following  : 

Acetate  of  Alumina.  This  is  made,  for  the  use  of  dyers 
and  calico  printers,  by  decomposing  acetate  of  lime  with 
alum.  It  may  be  conveniently  made  by  adding  to  a 
boiling  solution  of  5  parts  of  alum,  a  solution  of  6  parts  of 
sugar  of  lead.  Wlieu  the  mixture  is  cold,  the  clear  liquid 
is  poured  ofE ;  from  which  the  dry  salt  may  be  obtained  by 
careful  evaporation.  It  contains,  besides  acetate  of  alu- 
mina, some  sulphate  of  potash. 


MISCELLANEQUS   PEEPAEATIONS  30§ 

Acetate  of  Ieon,  or  Iron  Liquor.  Usually  made,  for 
the  use  of  dyers,  by  digesting  scraps  of  iron  in  redistilled 
wood-vinegar.     (See  Iron  Liquor,  further  on.) 

Acetate  of  Lime.  Impure  acetate  (or  pyrolignite)  of  lime, 
is  made  by  neutralizing  pyroligneous  acid  with  cream  of 
lime  or  chalk,  and  evaporating  to. dryness.  By  using  pure 
acetic  acid  a  purer  acetate  is  obtained. 

Acetate  of  Soda.  By  mixing  the  above  impure  acetate 
of  lime,  in  solution,  with  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  soda, 
filtering  and  evaporating  the  clear  liquid,  an  impure 
acetate  of  soda  is  obtained;  which  by  repeated  crystal- 
lization is  rendered  colourless,  and  fit  for  yielding  pur6 
concentrated  acetic  acid  by  distillation  with  sulphurici 
acid. 

Acetimetrt.  The  strength  of  vinegar  is  estimated  for  the 
duty  by  an  instrument  named  an  acetimeter,  which  deter- 
mines the  quantity  of  acetic  acid  present  by  the  specific 
gi'avity  of  the  vinegar  after  neutralization  by  slaked  lime. 
Dr.  Ure's  plan  is  to  add  to  a  given  weight  of  vinegar,  bi- 
carbonate of  potash  till  exactly  neutralized;  every  2  grs. 
of  the  bicarbonate  indicate  1  gr.  of  real  acetic  acid.  In 
this  and  the  following  operations  it  is  convenient  to  use  a 
tube  graduated  into  100  equal  divisions,  numbered  from 
the  top  downwards  (see  Alkalimetry,  further  on).  The 
quantity  of  test  solution  used  is  then  seen  at  once.  Ih  the 
present  case  the  200  grs.  of  the  alkaline  bicarbonate  being 
dissolved  in  suflacient  water  to  fill  the  graduated  portion 
of  the  measure,  each  of  the  divisions  used  in  neutralizing 
100  grs.  of  vinegar  is  equivalent  to  1  per  cent,  of  absolute 
acetic  acid.     Conswlt  the  larger  manuals. 

Acid,  Acetic.  See  Vinegar.  For  the  methods  of  pro- 
curing this  concentrated  acetic  acid,  see  Acidum  Aceticum, 
Pocket  Formulary.  Tlie  process  of  the  Edinburgh  Phar- 
macopoeia yields  a  stronger  acid  than  that  of  the  London 
Pharmacopccia.  The  acetic  acid  of  the  British  Pharma- 
copoeia contains  28  per  cent,  of  anhydrous  acetic  acid.  A 
strong  acid,  very  suitable  for  making  aromatic  spirit  of 
vinegar,  is  procured  by  distilling  crystallized  verdigris  in 
an  earthen  retort  coated  with  clay,  into  a  scries  of  3  globes, 
connected  by  opposite  tubulures,  and  kept  constantly  cool, 
the  last  bemg  furnished  with  a  Welter's  safety  tube. 


306  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

The  acid  which  comes  over  is  iisually  coloured,  and  re- 
quires to  be  rectified  by  a  slow  and  careful  redistillation  in 
a  glass  retort.  Acetic  acid  of  moderate  strength  may  be 
rendered  stronger  by  redistilling  it  over  acetate  of  potash, 
rejecting  the  first  portions  that  come  over,  and  taking  care 
that  the  temperature  does  not  rise  above  572°  F.  By  re- 
distilling it,  and  rejecting  the  first  and  last  portions,  glacial 
acetic  acid  is  procured.  The  same  acetate  of  potash  may 
be  used  repeatedly.  The  process  of  the  Dublin  Pharma- 
copoeia yields  a  good  product  of  glacial  acetic  acid. 

Acid,  Caebolic.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Acid,  Chloric.  Dissolve  7  parts  of  crystallized  carbonate 
of  soda,  and  7i  of  tartaric  acid,  in  24  of  boiling  water ; 
add  to  the  boiling  solution  6  pai-ts  of  chlorate  of  potash 
in  16  of  water,  at  212°  F.,  agitating  the  mixture.  When 
quite  cold  filter,  and  add  a  solution  of  6  parts  of  oxalic 
acid  in  18  of  water,  heated  not  above  134°  F.  Agitate  well, 
place  the  vessel  in  a  freezing  mixture  of  hydrocliloric  acid 
and  sidphate  of  magnesia,  and  filter.  [Not  absolutely 
pure,  but  sufl[iciently  so  for  technical  purposes.  It  may  be 
obtained  piu'e  by  decomposing  chlorate  of  baryta  by  sul- 
phuric acid.] 

Acid,  Chromic.  It  may  be  obtained  pm-e  by  mixing  bi- 
chromate of  potash  with  nitrate  of  silver  in  solution,  wash- 
ing the  precipitate,  and  decomposing  it  with  an  equivalent 
quantity  of  hydrochloric  acid.  In  a  few  minutes  the  clear 
solution  may  be  poured  off.  See  Acidum  Chromicum, 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Acid,  Cinnamic.  It  is  most  readily  procured  by  distilling 
genuine  balsam  of  Tolu  by  a  gentle  heat.  The  white  crys- 
talline mass  which  condenses  on  the  neck  of  the  retort  is 
IJurified  by  pi'essing  it  between  blotting  paper,  dissohdng 
in  boiling  water,  and  recrystallizing. 

Acid,  Fluoeic — Acid,  Hydeofluoeic.  The  anhydrous  acid 
is  made  by  distilling  powdered  fluor  spar  with  twice  its 
weight  of  oil  of  vitrol,  in  a  leaden,  or  better,  a  silver 
alembic,  the  pipe  of  which  fits  into  a  bottle  of  the  same 
material,  surrounded  with  ice.  But  as  it  is  usually  re- 
quired in  a  diluted  state,  water  equal  in  weight  to  the  spar, 
may  be  put  into  the  receiver.     Great  care  must  be  taken. 


MISCELLANEOtrS    PREPARATIONS  307 

as  the  acid,  both  in  its  gaseous  and  liquid  form,  is  very 
destructive. 

Acid,  Hipptteic  Mix  the  urine  of  the  horse  with  milk  of 
lime,  boil  for  some  minutes,  and  strain.  Boil  down  the 
clear  liquid  to  |  of  its  bulk,  avoiding  burning ;  add  hydro- 
chloric acid,  press  the  impure  acid,  boil  it  with  fresh 
milk  of  lime,  and  again  precipitate  with  hydrochloric 
acid. 

Acid,  Iodic.     See  Acidum  lodicum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Acid,  Mueiatic,  oe  Hydeochloric.  Commercial  hydro- 
chloric acid  is  largely  produced  by  the  action  of  sulphuric 
acid  on  common  salt,  in  the  manufacture  of  sulphate  of 
soda  for  the  purpose  of  making  soda  ash  and  washing  soda, 
by  the  decomposition  of  that  salt.  From  the  impurity  of 
the  ingredients  it  is  apt  to  be  contaminated  with  arsenic 
and  sulphurous  acid,  as  well  as  with  sulphuric  acid,  and  iron. 
It  may  be  purified  from  arsenic  by  redistilling  it  over  strips 

•  of  bright  copper.  See  Acidum  Hydrochloricum,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Acid,  Niteic,  axd  Fuming  NixRors  Acid.  See  Acidum 
Nitricum,  and  Acid.  Nitric,  fumaus.  Pocket  Formulary. 

Acid,  Niteo-hydeochloeic.  Aqua  Eegia.  This  is  used  in 
the  arts,  chiefly  as  a  solvent  for  gold.  By  the  mutual 
action  of  nitric  and  hydrochloric  acids  a  compoimd  of  chlo- 
rine, nitrogen,  and  oxygen,  is  formed.  The  best  propor- 
tions and  strength  of  the  acid  are  variously  stated.  Colour- 
less nitric  acid  must  be  used.  Mr.  EiKiNaTON  employs  21 
pai'ts  of  nitric  acid,  sp.  gr.  1'45 ;  17  parts  of  hydro- 
chloric acid,  1'15  sp.  gr. ;  and  14  parts  of  water.  This 
dissolves  5  parts  of  gold.  For  the  nitro-hydrochloric  acid 
employed  by  dyers  as  a  solvent  for  tin,  see  Dyes,  &c. 
further  on. 

Acid,  Oleic.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Acid,  Oxalic.  Digest  by  the  aid  of  heat  1  part  of  treacle, 
or  of  potato  starch,  in  5  parts  of  nitric  acid,  sp.  gr.  1'42, 
diluted  with  10  parts  of  water,  so  long  as  gaseous  pro- 
ducts arc  evolved.  By  evaporation  the  acid  is  obtained  in 
crystals,  and  must  be  recrystallized  until  sufficiently  pure. 
Mr.  Lewis  Thompson  directs  28  oz.  of  sugar,  184  oz.  of 
nitric  acid  of  1-245  sp.  gr.,  to  be  digested  at  125°  F.  It 
yields  30  or  31  oz.  of  acid.     M.  SchlesiNGEK  directs  4 


BOS  TEABE  CHEMICALS 

parts  of  dry  sugar,  and  33  of  nitric  acid  of  1"38  sp.  gr,  to 
be  boiled  to  one  sixth  of  the  original  volume,  and  allowed 
to  crystallizo.  This  is  the  best  method  of  operating  on  a 
small  scale,  when  the  amount  of  product  is  not  the  princi- 
l^al  object.  Considerable  qviantities  of  oxalic  acid  are 
made,  on  the  large  scale,  by  heating  sawdust  with  a  mix- 
ture of  caustic  potash,  and  soda,  and  by  subsequently  de- 
comjjosing  the  oxalate  of  soda  formed. 

Acid,  Phosphoric.  Phosphoric  Anhydride.  See  Pocket 
Formulary.  Dri/  phosphoric  acid  is  thus  obtained  :  On  a 
flat  plate,  ]jlace  a  large  bell  glass,  and  under  it  a  small 
porcelain  cup  or  crucible.  Introduce  into  the  latter  a 
piece  of  phosphorus,  dried  with  blotting  paper,  and  set  it 
on  fire  by  a  heated  wire.  Let  the  bell  glass  be  raised  on 
one  side  to  admit  suflicient  air  to  maintain  combustion ; 
and  as  the  phosphorus  is  consumed,  introduce  successive 
pieces,  taking  care  that  the  glass  does  not  become  too  hot. 
When  the  quantity  of  acid  is  considerable,  knock  it  from 
the  plate  with  an  iron  spoon,  and  put  it  into  stoppered 
bottles.  Several  glasses  may  be  iised  at  once.  Dry 
phosphoric  acid  is  used  as  a  desiccating  body,  having  the 
strongest  attraction  for  water  of  any  known  substance. 
It  is  used  also  in  making  a  stopping  for  teeth — see  Teeth 
Cements. 

Acid,  Pyeogallic.  Heat  powdered  nutgalls  in  a  dish 
covered  with  thin  filtering  paper  pasted  to  its  edges,  and 
surmounted  with  a  bell-formed  receiver,  kept  cool.  A 
solution  of  the  condensed  acid,  decolorized  by  animal  char- 
coal, and  mixed  with  spirit,  is  used  to  stain  the  hair  (and 
skin)  browni. 

Acid,  Sulphuric.  This  is  only  made  on  a  large  scale ;  but 
the  commercial  acid  requires  piirification  for  many  chemi- 
cal as  well  as  pharmaceutical  purposes.  See  Aciduin 
Sulphuricum  punnn.  Pocket  Formidary. 

Dry  or  Anhydrous  Sulphuric  Acid.  Into  a  retort,  placed 
in  a  freezing  mixtiu'e,  and  having  a  receiver  attached, 
put  some  dry  phosphoric  acid  (see  above),  and  add  fths 
of  its  weight  of  strong  sulphuric  acid.  Remove  the  retort 
from  the  freezing  mixture,  and  place  the  receiver  attached 
to  it  there ;  a  gentle  heat  being  now  applied  to  the  retort, 
the  anhydrous  acid  is  obtained  iu  silky  crystals. 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPARATIONS  309 

Acid,  Salicylic.  Originally  procured  from  the  volatile  oils 
of  Spirrea  vlmaria  and  Gaultkeria  procumbens,  but  now 
obtained  artificially  from  carbolate  of  soda  by  the  action 
of  carbonic  acid  on  the  former,  at  an  elevated  temperature. 
(See  Pocket  Formulai-y.)  Kolbe,  Kiersch,  and  Godefroy, 
have  made  experiments  with  this  acid,  from  which  it 
would  appear  that  it  possesses  disinfecting,  and  consider- 
able antiseptic  properties. 

Acid,  Sulphurous.  For  the  mode  of  obtaining  an  aqueous 
solution  of  this  acid,  see  Acidum  Sulphurosum,  Pocket 
Formulary.  The  following  are  cheaper  methods  of  ob- 
taining it  for  bleaching  purposes,  &c.  BERTniEE  directs 
a  mixture  of  100  parts  black  oxide  of  manganese,  and  12 
or  1-4  of  sulphur,  to  be  heated  in  a  glass  retort,  and  the  gas 
received  into  water  kept  very  cold.  Mr.  Redwood  directs 
I  oz.  of  powdered  charcoal  to  be  acted  on  by  4  fluid  oz.  of 
oil  of  vitriol.  Treacle  is  sometimes  used  instead  of  char- 
coal ;  as  also  is  linseed  oil. 

Acid,  Tannic.  Tannin.  See  Acidum  Tannicum,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Acids,  Mixed,  tor  Galvanic  Batteries.  1.  For  troughs, 
for  general  purposes,  medical  galvanism,  &c. :  Nitric  acid 
1  fluid  oz.,  sulphuric  acid  1^  fluid  oz.  water  4  pints. 

2.  Dr.  Faraday.  Oil  of  vitriol  2  fluid  oz.,  nitric  acid 
1  fluid  oz.  water  5  pints.  It  should  be  tried  by  dipping 
into  it  a  piece  of  sheet  zinc.  A  continuous  succession  of 
small  bubbles  should  be  produced. 

3.  For  Mr.  Smee's  Battery.  One  measure  of  sulphuric 
acid  to  7  of  water.  The  intensity  of  its  action  is  in- 
creased by  the  addition  of  a  few  drops  of  nitric  acid,  but 
this  tends  to  destroy  the  plates.  In  electro-metallurgy  the 
water  should  only  contain  a  sixteenth  of  sulphuric  acid. 

4.  For  Mr.  Grove's  Battery.  For  the  outer  vessel, 
1  pint  of  sulphuric  acid  to  7  of  "water :  for  the  inner,  con- 
centrated nitric  acid. 

5.  For  Uaniell's  Battery.  For  the  porous  tube  con- 
taining the  zinc,  1  part  of  sulphuric  acid  with  10  of  water. 
For  the  outer  cylinder,  a  saturated  solution  of  sulphate  of 
copper,  with  a  tenth  part  of  sulphuric  acid. 

6.  Nitro-sulphuric  acid,  for  Dr.  T.  Wright's  Batteries. 
J^itric  acid  1  part,  sulphuric  acid  5  parts.     The  zinc  plate 


310  TRADE   CHEMICALS 

is  immersed  in  a  solution  of  chloride  of  ammonium  or  of 
salt,  the  platinized  zinc  in  the  above  acid.  The  platinizing 
requires  to  be  repeated  every  time  the  plate  is  washed. 

AciDiMETEl'.  Acids  generally  are  estimated  by  the  quantity 
of  alkalies  or  carbonated  alkalies  required  to  neutralize 
them.  Weigh  100  grs.  of  the  acid  and  dilute  it  with  a  few 
times  its  weight  in  water.  Then  add  sufficient  dry  or 
crystallized  carbonate  of  soda,  or  carbonate  of  potash,  to 
exactly  neutralize  the  acid.  The  alkalimeter  tube  may  be 
used  for  the  solution  of  the  alkali.  By  a  reference  to  the 
table  of  chemical  equivalents,  the  quaijtity  of  real  acid  of 
any  kind  represented  by  the  quantity  of  alkali  required  to 
neutralize  it,  may  be  estimated.  Consult  the  larger  manuals. 

Acidulated  Kali.     See  Beyeeages. 

Albuminous  Size.  Beat  up  the  white  of  an  egg  with  twice 
its  bulk  of  cold  water,  until  well  incorporated.  Used  as  a 
varnish  for  leather  binding  and  kid  gloves ;  also  to  size 
dra^^'ing  paper. 

Alcohol.  There  is,  perhaps,  no  better  method  of  obtaining 
absolute  alcohol  than  that  of  the  Edinburgh  Pharmaco- 
poeia.    See  Alcohol,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Alkalimetet.  The  quantity  of  real  alkali  contained  in 
the  commercial  alkalies  (common  soda,  soda  ash,  potashes, 
pearlash,  salt  of  tartar,  &c.)  is  ascertained  by  the  quantity 
of  an  acid  solution'of  known  strength  required  to  neutralize 
it.  For  this  purpose  a  tube,  termed  an  Alkalimetee,  is 
used,  which  will  hold  1000  grains  of  water.  The  tube 
may  be  three  fourths  of  an  inch  internal  diameter,  and 
9i  inches  in  length ;  or  five-eighths  of  an  inch  diameter, 
and  14  inches  in  height ;  and  should  be  graduated  into  100 
equal  divisions  numbered  from  the  top  downwards.  The 
quantity  of  test  acid  used  is  then  at  once  seen.  This  con- 
sists of  suli^huric  acid  diluted  with  water,  so  that  each 
measure  (10  grains)  is  equivalent  to  one  grain  of  pure 
soda.  To  use  it,  dissolve  100  grains  of  the  impure  soda 
in  3  oz.  of  hot  water,  filter,  and  wash  the  filter.  Then 
add  to  the  solution  the  test  acid  until  the  litmus  ov  cab- 
bage paper  ceases  to  show  an  alkaline  reaction.  The  same 
acid  will  serve  for  potash,  if  the  number  be  multiplied  by 
3  and  divided  by  4. — Paenell.     There  are  several  other 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPA.EATIONS  311 

iiiethods   of  performing  the  process  giveiT  in  the  larger 

manuals. 
Allots   and  Amalgams.    A   few  only  of  these  metallic 

compoimds  require  notice  here  : — 
Fusible  Metal.     1.  Tin  8  parts,  lead  4,  bismuth  3j   melt 

together,  removing  the  scum.     Used  as  a  metal-bath. 

2.  Daecet's  for  the  same  purpose:  Bismuth  8  parts, 
lead  5,  tin  3.  ^ 

3.  Lead  3  parts,  tm  2,  bismuth  5.     This  melts  at  197 
Fahrenheit. 

4.  For  anatomical  injections :  Melt  together  with  a 
gentle  heat  174  parts  of  tin,  312  of  lead,  514  of  bismuth, 
with  a  little  charcoal :  remove  from  the  fire,  and  add  100 
parts  of  mercury,  previously  heated.  It  is  fluid  at  173° ; 
solid  at  140°  Fahrenheit. 

Brass.  Mostly  made  of  copper  and  zinc,  the  proportions 
varying  acccording  to  the  required  colour  and  the  purpose 
for  which  it  is  intended. 

Bronze.  1.  For  medals  and  small  castings:  Copper  95, 
tin  4. 

2.  Copper  89,  tin  8,  zinc  3. 

3.  Ancient.     Copper  100,  tin  7,  lead  7. 

4.  Kelly's.     Copper  91,  zmc  6,  tin  2,  lead  1. 

5.  For  gilding.     Copper  14,  zinc  6,  tin  4. 

6.  Bell-metal.     Copper  78,  tin  22. 

German  Silver.  1.  Copper  40^,  nickel  31J,  zinc  25|, 
iron  2^. 

2.  Pure  copper  55,  nickel  23,  zinc  17,  iron  3,  tin  2. 

Gold,  Factitious.  Platina  7,  copper  16,  zinc  1 ;  fuse  to- 
gether.    See  AuErM  MrsivuM. 

Common  Gold.     Copper  16,  silver  1,  gold  2. 

Or-molu.     Copper  45  to  48,  zinc  52  to  55. 

White  Brass.  Poeel.  Melt  zinc  with  10  per  cent,  each  of 
copper  and  iron.  This  alloy  has  the  fracture  and  ap- 
pearance of  zinc,  but  is  tougher  than  cast  iron.  It  does 
not  rust,  nor  adhere  to  metal  moulds. 

Solders.  1.  For  Gold:  Pure  gold  12  parts,  silver  2, 
copper  4. 

2.  Soft  Solder.     Tin  2  parts,  lead  1. 
For  brass :  Brass  2  parts,  zinc  1. 

Alloys  for  Flectrotype.     Clichee  Moulds.     Bismuth  8  parts. 


312  TRADE   CHEMICALS 

tin  4,  lead  5,  regulus  of  antimony  1 ;  melt  repeatedly  to- 
gether, and  pour  out  in  di'ops,  till  perfectly  mixed. 
Amalgam  for  Electrical  Machines.  1.  Fuse  1  oz.  of  zinc 
with  i  01.  of  tin,  at  as  low  a  temperature  as  possible ;  then 
add  1 1  oz.  of  quicksilver,  previously  made  hot ;  mix,  pour 
out,  and  when  cold  reduce  it  to  a  powder,  and  triturate  it 
with  sufficient  quicksilver  to  bring  it  to  a  proper  con- 
sistence. 

2.  Zinc  1  part,  tin  1,  quicksilver  2 ;  melt  together. 

3.  Zinc  2,  tin  1,  mercury  5. 

4.  La  Beaume's.  Pour  into  a  chalked  wooden  box 
6  oz.  of  quicksilver ;  pour  into  an  iron  ladle  ^  oz.  bees'- 
wax,  with  2  oz.  of  purified  zinc,  and  1  oz.  of  grain  tin ;  set 
it  over  a  brisk  fire,  and  when  the  metals  are  melted,  pour 
them  into  the  box,  avoiding  the  dross.  Wlien  cold,  reduce 
it  to  a  powder,  and  mix  it  with  lard.  Keep  it  in  a  box, 
covered  with  tallow,  and  spread  it  on  leather  for  use. 

Liquid  Amalgam,for  Silvering  Globes,  Sfc.  Pure  lead  1  oz., 
grain  tin  1  oz.;  melt  in  a  clean  ladle,  and  immediately 
add  1  oz.  of  bismuth.  Skim  off  the  dross,  remove  the 
ladle  from  the  fij'e,  and,  before  the  metal  sets,  add  10  oz. 
of  quicksilver.     Stir  together,  avoiding  the  fumes. 

Amalgam  for  Varnishing  Figures.  Melt  2  oz.  of  tin  with 
\  oz.  of  bismuth,  and  add  \  oz.  of  quicksilver.  When 
cold,  grind  it  with  white  of  egg,  and  apply  to  the 
figure. 

Alum.  It  is  prepared  by  lixiviating  calcined  albuminous 
schist,  and  concentrating  the  solution  to  1"4  or  1'5  density, 
and  adding  the  requisite  quantity  of  chloride  of  potassixun, 
soap-boilers'  ash,  or  kelp,  to  supply  the  alkali.  By  re- 
crystallization  it  is  obtained  colourless.  In  some  manu- 
factories sulphate  of  ammonia,  from  gas-liquor,  is  added 
to  the  lixivium,  instead  of  chloride  of  potassium.  Alum 
is  also  manufactured  from  clay,  cryolite  or  Greenland 
spa.  Bauxite  (a  mineral  containing  a  large  proportion  of 
hydrated  alumina),  and  blast-furnace  slag.  Roman  or 
cubic  alum  is  crystallized  from  a  solution,  the  temperature 
of  which  is  not  allowed  to  exceed  104°  F.  It  differs  from 
common  alum  in  containing  a  large  quantity  of  base,  a 
portion  of  which  separates,  if  the  solution  be  heated  to 
\'2>(f.    Another  kind  of  alum,  sometimes  used  as  a  mor- 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPARATIONS  313 

dant,  consists  almost  entirely  of  sulphate  of  ahnnina,  and 
is  probably  made  by  boiling  fine  clay,  free  from  iron,  with 
sulphuric  acid,  and  cooling  the  solution  so  as  to  obtain  a 
solid  mass.     See  Dyes,  &c. 

AiitTMiNirrM,  TO  Frost.  The  metal  is  plunged  into  a  solu- 
tion of  caustic  potash.  The  surface,  becoming  frosted,  does 
not  tarnish  on  exposure  to  the  air. — Macadam. 

Aluminium  Bronze.  10  parts  of  aluminium  are  melted 
with  90  parts  of  copper.  It  is  said  to  be  as  tenacious  as 
steel. 

Amadou.  Prepared  from  Boletus  igniarius,  B.  fomentarius, 
and  some  other  allied  species  of  fungi.  The  fungus  is 
cut  into  thin  slices,  the  hard  external  parts  removed,  and 
the  rest  beaten  with  a  mallet  till  soft.  This  forms  sur- 
geon^ s  agaric.  If  intended  for  German  tinder,  it  is  soaked 
in  a  solution  of  nitre,  and  sometimes  sprinkled  with  gun- 
powder, and  carefully  dried. 

Amalgams.     See  Alloys,  above. 

Ammonia,  Sulphate  and  Carbonate  of.  An  impure 
sulphate  of  ammoi»'  ,  suitable  for  agricultural  purposes, 
is  obtained  by  neutv  lizing  the  ammoniacal  liquor  of  gas- 
works with  sulphuric  acid.  By  recrystallization  and 
fi.ltration  through  animal  charcoal,  it  may  be  obtained  in 
a  state  of  greater  purity.  The  carbonate  (hydrated  sesqui- 
carbonate)  is  obtained  by  mixing  either  this  suljihatc,  or 
sal-ammoniac,  with  chalk,  and  subliming  it  in  iron  retorts 
into  leaden  receivers.  It  is  further  purified  by  resubliming 
it  with  a  gentle  heat.  See  Ammonia  Carbonas,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Anatomical  Injections.  1.  Tallow,  resin,  and  wax,  equal 
parts ;  melt  over  a  slow  fire ;  and  add  red  lead  or  vermi- 
lion sufficient  to  colour.     For  coarse  preparations. 

2.  A  strong  solution  of  isinglass,  coloured  as  required. 
For  delicate  preparations. 

3.  Amalgam  Injection.  Melt  together  1  oz.  each  of 
bismuth,  lead,  and  zinc,  and,  when  melted,  add  2  oz.  of 
quicksilver.     Also  for  delicate  parts. 

Anatomical  Subjects,  and  Animal  Substances,  to  Pre- 
serte.  1.  M.  Gannal's  Solution.  Common  salt  2  lbs., 
alum  2  lbs.,  nitre  1  lb.,  water  4  gallons.  M.  Gannal  injects 
into  the  carotid  artery  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  alumina, 


314  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

of  density  1*286.     From  5  to  7  piuts  are  required  in  sum- 
mer, but  less  will  suffice  in  winter. 

2.  Dr.  Babington  injects  pyroxylic  spirit  into  the 
aorta,  and  a  little  into  the  cavity  of  the  peritoneum  and 
the  rectum. 

3.  Chlobai  Hydrate  is  a  powerful  antiseptic,  made 
into  a  weak  solution ;  it  may  be  successf idly  employed  for 
the  preservation  of  anatomical  preparations. 

4.  Mr.  Go  ABBY,  for  insects,  and  for  preparations  of  their 
organs.  Bay  salt  4  oz.,  alum  2  oz.,  cori'osive  sublimate 
from  2  to  4  grains,  water  1  to  2  quarts.  The  weaker  pro- 
portions should  always  be  employed  in  the  first  instance. 
Let  the  insect  or  its  organs  be  covered  with  the  fluid, 
which  should  be  changed  frequently. 

5.  For  Mollusca.  Bay  salt  ^  oz.,  arsenic  ^  dr.,  subli 
mate  2  grs.,  water  a  quart ;  dissolve. 

6.  Mr.  PiGNE,  for  preserving  pathological  specimens. 
Creasote  3  to  6  drops,  water  a  pint. 

7.  Caebolic  Acid,  often  sold  for  creasote,  may  be  used 
in  the  same  manner. 

8.  PuBE  Glyceeine.  Found  especially  useful  in  preserv- 
ing the  fresh  tints  of  fishes,  &c.,  intended  for  exhibition  in 
museums. 

9.  Dr.  Staptiton,  for  patliological  specimens.  In  a 
quart  of  saturated  solution  of  alum  dissolve  \  dr.  of  nitre. 
A  recent  prepai'ation  immersed  in  this  liquid  becomes  dis- 
coloured ;  but  withui  a  few  days  the  colour  returns.  It  is 
then  put  into  a  saturated  and  filtered  solution  of  alum. 
M.  Eeboulet  proposes :  Water  16  parts,  chloride  of  lime 
4,  alum  2,  nitre  1. 

10.  Chloride  of  tin  4  (or  corrosive  sublimate  5)  parts,  in 
100  of  water,  with  2  of  hydrochloric  acid. — Mr.  Cooley. 

11.  For  preserving  Animals.  Alum  32  oz.,  nux  vomica 
3  oz.,  water  5  pints  ;  boil  to  4^  pints.  Wlien  cold,  filter, 
or  decant.  This  serves  for  injection.  The  residue,  mixed 
with  yolk  of  egg,  is  iised  for  anointing  the  interior  of  the 
skin  and  fleshy  parts  left  in  skinning  animals. 

12.  For  preserving  Feathers.  Strychnine  16  grs.,  recti- 
fied spirit  a  pint.    (Dangerous.)    See  Stuffing  Bieds,  &c. 

Ankotto,  Pueified.     To  a  boiling  solution  of  pearlash  add 
as  much  annotto  as  it  will  dissolve.     When  cold,  decant 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  315 

the  clear  solution,  and  neutralize  with  diluted  sulphuric 
acid,  avoiding  any  excess.  Wash  the  precipitate  with  a 
little  cold  water,  and  dry  it. 

Annotto,  Solution  of.  Boil  equal  weights  of  annotto 
and  pearlash  with  water,  and  dilute  to  the  required 
colour. 

Anti-attbition,  and  Axle  Grease.  1.  One  part  of  fine 
black-lead,  ground  perfectly  smooth,  with  4  parts  of  lard. 
Some  recipes  add  a  little  camphor. 

2.  Booth's  Axle  Grease.  (Expired  Patent.)  Dis- 
solve i  lb.  common  soda  in  1  gallon  of  water,  add  3  lbs.  of 
tallow,  and  6  lbs.  palm  oil  (or  10  lbs.  palm  oil  only) ;  heat 
tliem  together  to  200  or  210°  F. ;  mix,  and  keep  the 
mixture  constantly  stirred  till  the  composition  is  cooled 
down  to  60°  or  70°  F.  A  thiniaer  composition  is  made  with 
i  lb.  of  soda,  a  gallon  of  water,  a  gallon  of  rape-oil,  and 
i  lb.  of  tallow  or  palm-oil.  [See  also  Lubricating  Com- 
pounds.] 

Anti-Ferment.  Sulphite  of  lime;  or  equal  parts  of  sul- 
phite of  lime  and  ground  black  mustard  seed.  Used  to 
check  the  fermentation  of  cyder,  &c. 

Aqua  Fortis.  Double  aqua  fortis  is  nitric  acid  of  1*36 
specific  gravity ;  single  aqua  fortis  about  1'22. — Dr. 
Pereira.  a  compound  acid  was  formerly  used  under 
this  name  by  dyers,  and  for  cleaning  brass,  consisting  of 
strone  spirit  of  nitre  20  lbs.,  oil  of  vitrei  7  lbs.,  water  30 
lbs. 

Aqua  Eegia.    See  Nitro- hydrochloric  Acid,  further  back. 

Aquarium,  Marine,  Salts  fob,  &c.  Artificial  sea-water 
may  be  used  instead  of  the  natural.  A  rough  imitation 
is  formed  by  mixing  100  oz.  of  fresh  water  with  3  oz. 
common  salt,  1  oz.  of  Epsom  salts,  200  grs.  of  chloride  of 
magnesium,  and  40  grs.  of  chloride  of  potassium. 

Oi',  more  precisely,  the  real  constitution  of  sea-water 
may  be  imitated  in  the  following  manner :  — Mix  with 
970,000  grains  of  rain-water,  27,000  of  chloride  of  sodium, 
3600  of  chloride  of  magnesium,  750  of  chloride  of  potas- 
sium, 29  of  bromide  of  magnesium,  2300  of  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  1400  of  sulphate  of  lime,  S^  of  carbonate  of 
lime,  5  of  iodide  of  sodium.  These  all  being  finely 
powdered  and  mixed  first,  are  to  be  stirred  into  the  water. 


316  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

through  which  a  stream  of  air  may  be  caused  to  pass  from 
the  bottom,  until  the  whole  is  dissolved.  On  no  account  is 
the  water  to  be  boiled,  or  even  lieated. 

Into  this  water,  w-hen  clear,  the  rocks  and  seaweed  may 
be  introduced.  As  soon  as  the  latter  are  in  a  flourishing 
state,  the  animals  may  follow.  Care  must  be  taken  not 
to  have  too  many  of  these,  and  to  remove  immediately 
any  that  die.  The  loss  by  evaporation  is  to  be  made  up 
by  adding  clean  rain-water.  Tlie  aquarium,  whether  of 
fresh  or  of  salt  water,  will  require  occasionally  artificial 
aeration.  This  may  be  done  by  simply  blowing  through 
a  glass  tube  which  reaches  to  near  the  bottom ;  or,  better 
still,  in  the  following  way  : — Take  a  glass  syringe  which 
can  be  easily  worked.  Having  filled  it  with  water,  hold 
it  with  the  nozzle  about  2  inches  from  the  surface  of  the 
water  in  the  aquarium,  into  which  the  contents  are  to  be 
discharged  quickly,  and  with  a  sort  of  jerk.  By  this 
means  a  multitude  of  small  bubbles  are  forced  down  into 
the  fluid.  This  operation  should  be  repeated  for  a  con- 
siderable number  of  times. 

Ababine.  Gum  arabic  dissolved  in  water,  and  precipitated 
by  alcohol. 

Aegentum  Musivum.  Fuse  i  oz.  each  of  grain  tin  and 
bismuth  in  a  crucible,  and  add  ^  oz.  of  mercury. 

Aeboe  Dian^.     See  Trees,  Metallic. 

Aromatic  Pastils.     See  Perfumeey. 

AuRUM  MusiA'UM.  Mosaic  gold.  Bisulphide  or  lisulphuret 
of  tin.  See  Stanni  sulphuretum,  Pocket  Formulary.  1. 
Dr.  Ure  directs  12  oz.  of  tin  to  be  melted,  and  3  oz.  of 
mercury  added.  This  amalgam  is  triturated  with  7  oz.  of 
sulphur  and  3  of  sal  ammoniac,  and  the  powder  put  into  a 
matrass,  which  is  bedded  deep  in  sand,  and  kept  for  several 
hours  at  a  gentle  heat.  The  heat  is  then  raised,  and  con- 
tinued for  several  hours,  taking  care  not  to  raise  it  so 
high  as  to  blacken  the  mass. 

2.  Melt  together  in  a  crucible,  over  a  clear  fii'e,  equal 
parts  of  snlijhur  and  the  wliite  oxide  of  tin ;  keep  it  con- 
tinually stirred  with  a  glass  rod,  luitil  the  compound 
appears  as  a  yellow  flalcy  po\\'der.  (Tliis  is  used  as  a 
cheap  bronze  powder,  &c.) 

Baldwin's  PnosPHORUS.     Heat  nitrate  of  lime  till  it  melts ; 


MISCELLANEOUS   PBEPABATIONS  317 

keep  it  fused  for  10  minutes,  and  pour  it  into  a  heated  iron 
ladle,  ^\^^en  cool,  break  it  into  pieces,  and  keep  it  in  a 
closely  stoppered  bottle.  After  exposure  to  the  sun's  rays, 
it  emits  a  white  light  in  the  dark. 

Balls  for  Hoeses.     See  Veterinary  Formulary. 

Balls,  Ash.  The  ashes  of  fern,  or  other  kinds  of  wood 
ashes,  made  into  balls. 

Balls,  Heel.  1.  Melt  together  4  oz.  of  mutton  suet,  1  oz. 
of  bees'-wax,  1  oz.  of  sweet  oil,  i  oz.  oil  of  turpentine,  and 
stir  in  1  oz.  of  powdered  gum  arable,  and  i  oz.  of  fine 
lamp-black. 

2.  Bees'-wax  8  oz.,  tallow  1  oz.,  powdered  gum  1  oz., 
lamp-black  q.  s.  These  are  used  not  merely  by  the  shoe- 
maker, but  to  copy  inscriptions,  raised  patterns,  &c.,  by 
rubbing  the  ball  on  paper  laid  over  the  article  to  be  copied. 
Ullathoene's  Balls  answer  the  purpose  very  well.  For 
copying  ancient  monumental  brasses,  a  similar  compound, 
coloured  with  bronze-powder,  instead  of  lamp-black,  is 
sometimes  employed. 

Balls  foe  Scoueing— Breeches  Balls,  Clothes  Balls. 

1.  Bath-brick  4  parts,  pipe-clay  8  parts,  pumice  1,  soft- 
soap  1 ;  ochre,  umber,  or  other  colour  to  bring  it  to  the 
desired  shade,  q.  s. ;  ox-gall  to  form  a  paste.  Make  it 
into  balls  and  dry  them. 

2.  PiiM-clay  4  oz.,  fuller's-earth  i  oz.,  whiting  i  oz., 
white  pepper  i  oz.,  ox-gall  sufficient  to  form  it  into  a 
paste. 

3.  Pipe-clay  3  oz.,  white  pepper  1  dr.,  starch  1  dr.,  orris 
powder  li  drs.  It  may  be  kept  in  powder,  or  formed  into 
balls,  as  above. 

Balls,  Blacking.    See  Blacking,  below. 

Balls,  Ftjenittjee.    See  Furniture  Paste, 

Baeium,  Peroxide  of.  Heat  pure  baryta  to  low  redness  in 
a  platinum  crucible ;  then  gradually  add  chlorate  of  pot- 
ash in  the  proportion  of  1  part  of  the  latter  to  4  of  the 
former.  Cold  water  removes  the  chloride  of  potassium, 
and  the  peroxide  remains  as  a  hydrate. 

Baryta  Chloeate.     See  Chloeate  of  Baryta. 

Beetle  Poison.  Put  a  di-achm  of  phosphorus  in  a  flask 
with  2  oz.  of  water ;  plunge  the  flask  into  hot  water,  and 
when  the  phosphorus  is  melted,  pour  the  contents  into  a 


318  TEADE  CHEMICALS 

mortar  with  2  or  3  oz.  of  lard.  Triturate  briskly,  adding 
water,  and  i  lb.  of  floui',  with  1  or  2  oz.  of  brown  sugar. 
— Phaemaceutical  JouRyAL.  Plaster  of  Paris,  with 
oatmeal,  is  said  to  destroy  cockroaches. 

Beetle  Wafers.  Picd  lead  4  parts  by  M-eight,  flour  and 
brown  sugar,  of  each  1  part.  Cats  and  dogs  will  not 
touch  it. 

Benzine  Collas.     Benzine  is  sold  under  tliis  name. 

Benzol.  Benzine.  A  volatile  liquid,  procured  by  distilling 
light  coal  naphtha  at  a  temperature  not  exceeding  200°  F., 
by  the  method  patented  by  Mr.  Mansfield.  It  is  a  sol- 
vent for  fats  and  oils,  and  hence  is  used  for  cleansing 
silks,  and  other  stuffs.  It  likewise  dissolves  gutta  percha ; 
and  also,  mth  heat  and  long  digestion,  India  rubber. 

Benzoline.  a  product  of  the  fractional  distillation  of 
American  rock  oil,  sold  for  sponge  lamps.  At  a  temperature 
less  than  100°  F.  it  will  ignite  if  brought  near  a  light,  so 
that  great  care  must  be  taken  with  it,  and  it  should  not  be 
kejjt  in  quantity. 

Beverages,  and  Powders  for  PEEPARiNa  them.  See 
furtlaer  back. 

Bird  Lime.  Boil  the  middle  bark  of  the  hoUy  7  or  8  hours 
in  water ;  drain  it,  and  lay  it  in  heaps  in  the  ground, 
covered  with  stones,  for  2  or  3  weeks,  till  reduced  to  a 
mucilage.  Beat  this  in  a  mortar,  wash  it  in  rain-water, 
and  knead  it  till  free  from  extraneous  matters.  Put  it 
into  earthern  pots,  and  in  4  or  5  days  it  -R-ill  be  fit  for  use. 
An  inferior  kind  is  made  by  boiling  linseed  oil  for  some 
hours,  until  it  becomes  a  viscid  paste. 

BISULPHURET  OF  Carbon.  Bisulphide  of  Carlon.  Bi- 
sulphide of  Carlon.  Tliis  is  used  in  the  arts,  as  a 
solvent  for  India  rubber,  gutta  percha,  &c.  To  procure 
it,  MiTLDER  recommends  the  following  process  as  tlie  most 
convenient.  Provide  an  iron  bottle  (a  quicksilver  bottle 
answers  very  well),  and  make  a  second  opening  into  it. 
To  one  opening  adapt  a  copper  tube  bent  twice  at  right 
angles ;  and  to  the  other  a  straight  tube  dipping  into  "the 
bottle.  Having  nearly  filled  the  bottle  with  pieces  of 
charcoal  (recently  heated  to  redness),  and  having  screwed 
on  the  bent  and  straight  tubes,  place  the  bottle  in  a  fur- 
nace, closing  the  mouth  of  the  latter  with  a  stone  or  clay 


MISCELLA-NEOrS   PREPARATIONS  319 

cover  in  two  pieces,  hollowed  in  the  centre  so  as  to  fit  the 
npper  part  of  the  hottle,  and  defend  it  from  the  action  of 
the  fire.  Connect  the  curved  tnhe  with  a  Woolpe's  hottle 
half -filled  mth  water,  and  placed  in  a  freezing  mixture ; 
and  when  the  iron  bottle  is  sufiiciently  heated,  introduce 
by  the  straight  tube,  fragments  of  sulphur,  and  imme- 
diately close  the  mouth  of  the  tube  with  a  plug.  The 
bisulphm'et,  as  it  comes  over,  falls  to  the  bottom  of  the 
M'ater.  Separate  it  from  the  water,  and  distil  over  dry 
chloride  of  calcium,  or  it  may  be  purified  by  shaking  up 
with  mercury.  See  also  Wagner's  'Chemical  Techno- 
logy-' 
Blacking,  Liquid,  foe  Shoes,  &c.  {^Note. — By  ivory- 
black,  So?«e-black,  which  is  usually  sold  under  this  name, 
is  intended.  Ti'ue  ivory-black  has  a  more  intense  colour, 
but  is  too  dear  for  general  use.]  1.  Ivory-black,  3  oz., 
treacle  2  oz.,  sweet  oil  i  oz. ;  mix  to  form  a  paste ;  add 
gradually  ^  oz.  of  oil  of  vitriol,  and  then  half  a  pint  of 
vinegar,  and  If  pints  of  water,  or  sour  beer.  Some  prefer 
mixing  the  oil  of  vitriol  with  sweet  oil. 

2.  Ivory  black  2  lbs.,  treacle  2  lbs.,  sweet  oil  -g  lb. ;  mix 
and  add  |  lb.  oil  of  vitriol,  and  beer  or  vmegar  to  make  up 
a  gallon. 

3.  Ivory-black  3  lbs.,  treacle  4  lbs.,  vinegar  a  pint,  oil  of 
•vitriol  8  oz.,  water  a  gallon. 

4.  Ivory-black  2  lbs.,  neat's-foot  oil  4  oz. ;  mix,  and  add 
3  quarts  of  sour  beer,  or  ^^negar,  and  a  spoonful  of  any 
kind  of  spirits ;  stir  till  smooth,  and  add  2  oz.  of  oil  of 
vitriol,  and  sprinkle  on  it  |  drachm  of  powdered  resin. 
Then  boil  together  3  pints  of  sour  ale  with  a  little  log- 
wood, and  i  oz.  of  Prussian  blue,  3  oz.  of  honey,  and 
8  oz.  of  treacle.  Mix,  but  do  not  bottle  it  for  2  or  8 
days. 

5.  Ivory-black  8  oz.,  bro^ni  sugar  or  treacle  8  oz., 
sweet  oil  1  oz.,  oil  of  vitriol  |  oz.,  vinegar  2  quarts.  Mix 
the  oil  with  the  treacle,  then  add  the  oil  of  vitriol  and 
vinegar,  and  lastly,  the  ivory-black. 

Blacking  for  Dress  Boots.  1.  Gum  8  oz.,  treacle  2  oz., 
ink  a  pint,  vinegar  2  oz.,  spirit  of  wine  2  oz.  Dissolve 
the  ginn  and  treacle  in  the  ink  and  vinegar,  strain,  and 
add  the  spirit. 


§20  tHAjyE   CHEMICALS 

2.  To  the  above  add  1  oz.  of  sweet  oil,  and  i  oz.  lamp- 
black. [These  are  applied  with  a  sponge,  and  allowed  to 
dry  out  of  the  dust.     They  will  not  bear  the  wet.] 

3.  Beat  together  the  whites  of  2  eggs,  a  tablespoonful 
of  spirit  of  wine,  a  lump  of  sugar,  and  a  little  finely 
powdered  ivory-black  to  thicken. 

Blacking  without  Polishing.  Treacle  4  oz.,  lamp-black 
^  oz.,  yeast  a  tablespoonful,  2  eggs,  olive  oil  a  teaspoon- 
ful,  oil  of  turjjentine  a  teaspoonful.  Mix  well.  To  be 
applied  with  a  sponge,  without  brushing. 

Blacking,  India  Rubber  (Patent).  Ivory-black  60  lbs., 
treacle  45  lbs.,  vinegar  (No.  24)  20  gallons,  powdered  gum 
1  lb..  India-rubber  oil  9  lbs.  (The  latter  is  made  by  dis- 
solving by  heat,  18  oz.  of  India  rubber  in  9  lbs.  of  rape  oil.) 
Grind  the  whole  smooth  in  a  paint  mill,  then  add,  by 
small  quantities  at  a  time,  12  lbs.  of  oil  of  vitriol,  stirring 
it  strongly  for  half  an  hour  a  day  for  a  fortnight. 

Blacking,  Paste.  1.  These  pastes  may  be  made  with  the 
ingredients  of  liquid  blacking,  using  sufficient  vinegar,  in 
which  a  little  gum  has  been  dissolved,  to  form  a  paste. 
Make  it  into  cakes,  and  dry  it. 

2.  German  Blacking.  Powdered  bone-black  is  mixed 
with  half  its  weight  of  molasses  and  one  eighth  of  its 
weight  of  olive  oil;  and  to  this  is  added  afterwards  one 
eighth  of  its  weight  of  hydrochloric  acid,  and  one  fourth 
of  its  weight  of  sti'ong  sulphuric  acid.  The  whole  is  to 
be  then  mixed  up  with  water  into  a  sort  of  unctuous 
paste. — Liebig. 

3.  Bailey's  Blacking  Balls.     Bruised  gum  tragacanth 

1  oz.,  water  4  oz.;  mix,  and  add  2  oz.  of  neat's  foot-oil, 

2  oz.  of  fine  ivory-black,  2  oz.  of  Prussian  blue,  4  oz.  of 
sugar-candy ;  mix,  and  evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence. 

For  Heel  Ball,  see  Balls,  further  back. 
Blacking  fok  Harness.  1.  Isinglass  or  gelatine  }  oz., 
powdered  indigo  ^  o?.,  soft  soaj)  4  oz.,  logwood  4  oz.,  glue 
5  oz.  Boil  together  in  2  pints  of  vinegar  till  the  glue  is 
dissolved ;  then  strain  through  a  cloth,  and  bottle  for  use. 
This  appears  an  unchemical  composition ;  but  is  inserted 
(as  are  many  similar  ones)  because  it  is  in  actual  use. 
The  next  is  of  a  different  character. 

2.  Melt  8  oz.  of  bee's-wax  iu  au  eai-theu  pipkin,  and 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  321 

stir  into  it  2  oz.  of  ivory-black,  1  oz.  of  Prussian  blue 
groimd  in  oil,  1  oz.  of  oil  of  turpentine,  and  j  oz.  of  copal 
varnish.  Make  it  into  balls.  To  be  applied  with  a  brush 
and  polished  with  an  old  handkerchief. 

3.  Treacle  ^  lb.,  lamp  black  1  oz.,  yeast  a  spoonful, 
sugar-candy,  olive  oil,  gum  tragacanth,  isinglass,  each  1 
oz.,  a  cow's  gall.  Mix  all  together  with  2  pints  of  stale 
beer,  and  let  it  stand  before  the  tire  for  an  hour. 

Black  Eevivee.  1.  Bruised  nutgalls  1  lb.,  logwood  1  lb., 
water  5  quarts ;  boil  to  4  quarts,  and  add  sulphate  of 
iron  4  oz. ;  dissolve,  and  strain.  When  cold,  add  8  oz.  of 
ox  gall. 

2.  Galls  3  oz.,  logwood  1  oz.,  copperas,  iron  filings, 
and  sumach,  of  each  1  oz.,  vinegar  2  pints. — Qbay'b 
Supplement. 

Black  Japan.  True  asphaltum  IJ  oz.,  boiled  linseed  oil 
4  pints,  burnt  umber  4  oz.  Heat  together  till  the  wh»le 
is  incorporated,  remove  from  the  fire,  and  when  suffi- 
ciently cool,  add  as  much  oil  of  turpentine  as  will  bring  it 
to  a  proper  consistence. 

Bleaching  Liquid.  Solutions  of  chloride  of  lime,  and 
chloride  of  soda,  are  sold  for  this  purpose,  with  directions 
for  use.  The  following  is  also  used :  Mix  3  lbs.  of  common 
salt  and  1  lb.  of  black  oxide  of  manganese  with  as  much 
water  as  will  form  a  paste.  Put  the  mixture  into  a  retort, 
and  add  2  lbs.  of  oil  of  vitriol  previously  diluted  with  4  lbs. 
of  water.  Pass  the  gas  into  a  solution  of  1  lb.  of  common 
pearlash,  or  11  oz.  of  caustic  potash,  in  6  lbs.  of  water. 
The  retort  may  be  placed,  after  a  short  period,  in  hot 
water,  to  extricate  the  remaining  gas.  In  bleaching 
cotton  by  chloride  of  lime,  1  lb.  is  dissolved  in  3  gallons  of 
water  for  each  pound  of  cloth;  it  is  afterwards  passed 
through  diluted  hydrochloric  or  sulphuric  acid  (1  i^art  of 
acid  to  30  of  water),  and  then  washed. 

Blights,  Remedies  fob. 

Apple-tree  canker.  Having  brushed  ofp  the  white  down 
and  the  red  stain  underneath  it,  anoint  tlie  places  with  a 
mixture  of  jtraiu  oil  and  Scotch  snuff. 

White  Blight  of  Apple-tree.  Apply  a  decoction  of  foxglove 
mixed  with  fresh  cow-dung  into  a  paste. 

21 


322  THADE   CHEMICALS 

J7y  I'a  T^xrni-pt.     Steep  the  aeefi  before  sowiojz,  in.  traui  oS  ; 
or  -K  slaked  lime  over  the  field  aa  9ooa  a.^ 

pla„.„    ^. .;  appeared;   or  contrive,  if  possable,  to  f  — 
jrate  the  field  witi.  brimstone. 

M-lldevi  of  WTteat:     L    2o  prevent  it.     Di'solre  ia.  %^  ^ 
lens  of  cold  water  3^  oz.  of  salphate  o£  i  opper  for 
3  ^  :'  sowing'  grain .     Throw  thia  qti.  ntity    "^^ 

int..  ._     _:r  veseeL  and  poor  over  it  the  pi'-paxen    -  .^^-  , 
Txntil  it  risea  5  or  6  inches  above  the  com.     Sti "  thorou^ily, 
and  remove  all  the  grains  that  awini-     Throw  the  mix*— 
into  a  basket,  so  aa  to  drain,  off  the  liq^nid;  was^.  it  we  . 
soft  water,  and  dry  bef .  z. 

2.  To  remjo^e  H.  A  .  .  of  1  lb.  of  salt  to  *he 
gaUoa  of  water,  sprinkled  with,  a  flat  bmsh  ovar  the 
growina*  com. 

S/rmt  in  Wheat.     To  pretent  it.     Boil  3  gallona  of  water, 
and  alake  in.  it  abont  36  lbs.  of  qiiick  lime ;  add  3  ga" 
more  of   cold  water,  and  poor   the  hot   mirtrrre   or. 
bxiahela  of  the  grain  pla<ced  in  a  tub,  .stirring  inceaaa.. 
Tura  over  the  mixture  now  aiid  then,  for  2-i  hours.     A^- .  ■ 
the  liquid  to  drain.  ofE,  and  iow  the  Emed  wheat  as  soon  aa 
it  ia  sufficiently  dry.     See  "Wheat,  =t~--  ":  i. 

JBlight  in  Tines.     A  solution  of  penti.    .  -  of  calcium 

may  be  pa!  -r  the  branches  aiiu.  twigs  tt.v 

acqpire  a  c-  .-  coating  of  .?ulphnr  mi-rpd  ^■ 

bonate  of  lime.     M.  MercenU  raiaea  the  eaxth  round  the 
stCToa  of  the  vine  to  about  a  foot  deep,  then  places  in  '-"  •: 
excavation  a  good  handful  of  flowers  of  sulphur,  hea 
it  round  the  stenii?.     The  earth  ia  thai  replaced.     Thia  .jj 
done  at  the  beginning  of  Anguat. 

Tor  Lice,  Aphides,  artd  Red   Spiders.     See   WAasES   lOB 
VffiajKtxsr. 

BtrE  FOB  LnTES.  The  ordinary  kinds  of  cake  blue  conaiat 
of  indigo  and  starch.  LLefchild'.?  patent  blue  ia  -" 
made :  Mir  4  parts  of  Chinese  blue,  1  of  TumbuII's,  . 
1  of  oialic  acid  J  gradually  add  boiling  watar  until  cue 
whole  is  diasolved,  and  laatly  4  parts  of  sulphate  of  indigo. 
The  latter  is  made  with  1  part  of  indigo,  and  4  of  sul- 
phuric acid,  neutralized  with  carbonate  of  ammonia. 

BorLEES,  TO  PB.EVE3T  IscsxiTAXiQ-^i  IS.    M.  Drcxos  pro- 
poses to  mix  the  water  with,  which  the  boilfflr  is  to   be 


MISCELLANEOrS    PREPAHATIO^'S  323 

supplied  with  the  following  solution,  in  the  proportion  of 
li  per  cent.  Chloride  of  barium  125  parts,  hydrochloric 
acid  (s.  g.  1-20)  25  parts,  water  450.  The  water  must 
then  be  allowed  to  clear  in  large  reservoirs,  where  both 
the  sulphate  and  carbonate  of  lime  become  decomposed, 
with  formation  of  chloride  of  calcium.  Any  excess  of 
acid  must  be  neutralized  before  using,  which  may  be  done 
by  placing  pieces  of  limestone  in  the  pipes. 

IJoxES,  SCLPHATED.  To  a  bushel  of  ground  bones,  add 
from  10  to  14  lbs.  of  oil  of  vitriol,  previously  mixed  with 
half  its  bulk  of  water.  [It  is  sometimes  mixed  with  an 
equal  weight  of  salt  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of  bran. 
Turnip  seed  may  be  mixed  with  this  compound  and  the 
two  sowii  together.] 

Boot-top  Liquid.  1.  Solution  of  chloride  of  tin  3  drs.j 
French  chalk,  or  Venetian  talc,  in  powder,  1  oz. ;  salt  of 
sorrel  i  oz.,  flake  white  1  oz.,  burnt  alum  ^  oz.,  powdered 
cuttle-fish  bone  1  oz.,  white  arsenic  1  oz.,  boiling  water  a 
quart.  Probably  sulphate  of  baryta  might  be  substituted 
for  arsenic,  the  use  of  which  it  is  desirable  to  discourage. 

2.  -Sour  milk  3  pints,  cream  of  tartar  2  oz.,  oxalic  acid 
1  oz.,  alum  1  oz. — Mr.  Redwood. 

3.  Wash  the  tops  with  soap  and  water,  and  scrape 
them  with  the  back  of  a  knife.  Then  apply  the  following 
with  a  barefoot  brush. — Oxalic  acid  1  oz.,  water  a  pint. 
Use  the  back  of  a  knife  as  before ;  then  polish  with  the 
following :  Powdered  gum  arable  i  oz.,  red  spirits  of 
lavender  2  oz.,  powdered  turmeric  i  oz. ;  pencil  this  over 
the  top,  let  it  half  dry,  then  polish  by  rubbing  it,  one  way 
only,  with  a  flannel  till  it  shines. 

4.  Sour  milk  3  pints,  butter  of  antimony  2  oz.,  cream 
of  tartar  2  oz.,  citric  acid,  alum,  burnt  alum,  of  each  1  oz. 
— GeAT's  SrPPLEMENT. 

5.  White  Top.  One  ounce  each  of  magnesia,  alum, 
cream  of  tartar,  and  oxalic  acid  ;  J  oz.  of  salt  of  sorrel,  and 
i  oz.  of  sugar  of  lead ;  dissolve  in  a  quart  of  water,  and 
apply  with  a  sponge. 

6.  Brown  Top.  Oxalic  acid,  alum,  annotto,  of  each 
1  oz. ;  isinglass  i  oz.,  sugar  of  lead  i  oz.,  salt  of  sorrel 
}  oz. ;  boil  together  in  a  quart  of  water  for  10  minutes. 
Apply  with  a  sjwnge. 


h'ii  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

BoOKBiNDEEs'  Stains,  FOE  Leathee. — Black.  A  solution 
of  1  part  of  sulphate  of  iron  in  6  of  water.  Blue,  A 
solution  of  indigo.  (See  Chemic  Blue.)  Brown.  A 
solutjion  of  pearlasb,  or  of  common  soda. 

Boot  Powdeb.  Finely  powdered  French  chalk,  or  Venetian 
talc. 

Beead,  Unfeemented.  See  Dietetic  Aeticles,  further 
back. 

Beonze  Powdeb.  The  best  methods  of  preparing  these 
powders  are  probably  kept  secret.  The  following  are 
some  of  the  published  recipes  : 

1.  Gold  leaf,  or  alloys  of  gold,  reduced  to  powder  by 
grinding  them  with  sulphate  of  potash,  or  with  honey, 
and  washing  away  the  extraneous  matter  with  hot  water, 
and  drying  the  metallic  powder. 

2.  Dutch  metal,  and  other  similar  alloys,  treated  in  the 
same  way. 

3.  Verdigris  4  oz.,  tutty  2  oz.,  sublimate  1  dr.,  borax 
1  dr.,  nitre  1  dr.,  mix  them  into  a  paste  with  oil,  and  fuse 
the  mixture  in  a  crucible.  This  has  failed  in  some  hands — 
perhaps  from  the  tutty  being  factitious. 

4.  Mix  together  100  parts  of  sulphate  of  copper,  and 
50  of  crystallized  carbonate  of  soda  ;  apply  heat  till  they 
unite.  Powder  the  mass  when  cold,  and  add  15  parts  of 
copper  filings ;  mix  well,  and  keep  it  at  a  white  heat  for 
20  minutes.     Wash  and  dry  the  product. 

See  also  Axjeum  Musiyum,  and  Aegentum  Musivum, 
further  back. 

Beonzing  Liquids,  foe  Beonzing  Coppee  Medals, 
FiGUEES,  Insteuments,  &c.  1.  Sal  ammoniac  1  dr., 
oxalic  acid  15  grs.,  vinegar  a  pint:  after  well  cleaning  the 
article  to  be  bronzed,  warm  it  gently,  and  brush  it  o\er 
with  the  liquid,  using  only  a  small  quantity  at  a  time. 
When  rubbed  dry,  repeat  the  apj^lication  till  the  desired 
tint  is  obtained.  [^For  copper  medals,  electro-type,  casts, 
Sfc.-] 

2.  Bronze  for  Blaster  Figures.  Dissolve  palm  soap  in 
water,  and  add  a  mixed  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper  and 
sulphate  of  iron  until  no  further  precipitate  occurs.  Dry 
the  precipitate,  and  mix  it  with  oil  of  turpentine,  or  linseed 


MISCELtlirEOUS    PREPARITTONS  325 

oil.  Sulphate  of  copper  alone  produces  too  bright  a  green. 
Palmitate  of  iron  is  yellow.  These  may  be  precipitated 
separately,  and  mixed  to  the  desired  shade  after  being 
triturated  with  the  oil.  Ten  ounces  of  soap  will  require 
3  ounces  of  sulphate  of  cojiper. 

3.  Sal  ammoniac  1  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  3  oz.,  salt  6  oz. ; 
dissolve  in  a  pint  of  hot  water,  add  2  oz.  of  nitre,  and 
2  oz.  of  nitrate  of  copper  dissolved  in  i  pint  of  water. 

4.  Salt  of  sorrel  1  oz.,  sal  ammoniac  2  oz.,  white  vinegar 
14  oz.     \_To  give  an  antique  appearance  to  bronze  figures, 

5.  A  diluted  solution  of  per  chloride  of  platinum.  [_For 
copper  binding  screws,  and  other  small  articles.'] 

6.  A  weak  solution  of  hydro-sulphuret  (liydro-sulphide) 
of  ammonia,  or  of  sulphuret  (sulphide)  of  potassium.  [For 
electrotype  medals.] 

7.  Immediately  on  removing  the  electrotype  cast  from 
the  solution,  brush  it  over  with  good  black  lead;  then 
heat  it  moderately,  and  brush  it  over  with  a  painting 
brush,  the  slightest  moisture  being  used. 

8.  Boil  2  oz.  of  carbonate  of  ammonia  andl  oz.  of  acetate 
of  copper  in  ^  pint  of  vinegar,  until  nearly  all  the  vinegar 
is  evaporated.  Pour  into  this  a  sohition  of  62  grains  of 
sal  ammoniac,  and  15i  grains  of  oxalic  acid,  dissolved  in 
\  l^int  of  vinegar  ;  boil  tlie  whole  and  filter.  Apply  it  to 
the  medal  (which  should  be  perfectly  bright,  and  pre- 
viously warmed)  with  a  camel-hair  pencil  for  half  a 
minute  ;  then  pour  boiling  water  on  it ;  wipe  it  with  soft 
cotton  very  slightly  moistened  with  linseed  oil,  and  rub  it 
with  clean  cotton.  For  electrotype  copper  medals.  [They 
may  also  be  bronzed  by  applying  oxide  of  iron  (jeweller's 
rouge,  or  crocus)  in  tlie  same  manner  as  directed  al.>ove, 
for  plumbago ;  or  a  mixture  of  these  may  be  used.] 

9.  Tin  Castings.  Wash  them  over,  after  being  well 
cleaned  and  wiped,  with  a  solution  of  1  part  of  sulphate 
of  iron,  and  1  of  .sulphate  of  copper,  in  20  parts  of  water : 
afterwards  with  a  solution  of  4  parts  of  verdigris  in  11  of 
distilled  vinegar ;  leave  for  an  hour  to  dry,  then  polish 
with  a  soft  brush  and  colcothar. 

Proxzing  Ball.     See  Balls  (Heel). 

Buo.vzixG  Pastes,  Parisian.     1.   Plumbago  1  oz.,  si^ttna 


326  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

2  Gz.,  rouge  i  oz.     Add  a  few  drops  of  hydrosulphate  of 

ammonia,  and  water. 

2.  Chrome  lead  2  oz.,  Prussian  blue   2  oz.,  plumbago 

i  lb.,  sienna  powder  and  lake  carmine,  each  I  lb.     Add 

sufficient  water  to  make  a  paste. 
Beosse  db  Coeail.    The  roots  of  lucerne  {Medicago  sativa), 

cleaned,  dried,   and   hammered  at  the  end.     Used  as  a 

tooth-brush. 
Beownino,  oe  Beonzing  Liquids,  fob  Gun  Baeeels.    1. 

Aquafortis  \  oz.,  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  J  oz.,  spirit  of  wine 

1  oz.,  sulphate  of  copper  2  oz.,  water  30  oz.,  tincture  of 
perchloride  of  iron  1  oz. :  mix. 

2.  Sulphate  of  copper  1  oz.,  sweet  spirit  of  nitre  1  oz., 
water  a  pint ;  mix.     In  a  few  days  it  will  be  fit  for  use. 

3.  Sweet  spirit  of  nitre  3  oz.,  gum  benzoin  1^  oz., 
tincture  of  perchloride  of  iron  i  oz.,  sulphate  of  copper 

2  drs.,  spirit  of  wme  i  oz.,  mix,  and  add  2  lbs.  of  soft 
water. 

4.  Tincture  of  perchloride  of  iron  ^  oz.,  spirit  of  nitric 
ether  ^  oz.,  sulphate  of  copper  2  scruples,  rain  water 
i  pint.  The  above  are  applied  with  a  sponge,  after  clean- 
ing the  barrel  with  lime  and  water.  When  dry,  they  are 
polished  with  a  stiff  brush  or  iron  scratch  brush. 

Beitnswick  Black.  Melt  asphaltum,  and  add  to  it  half  its 
weight  of  boiled  linseed  oil;  mix,  and  when  sufficiently 
cool,  add  enough  oil  of  turpentine  to  bring  it  to  the  proper 
consistence. 

Bra  Poison.  1.  Spirit  of  wine  1  oz.,  spirit  of  turpentine 
8  oz.,  camphor  \  oz.  :  mix. 

2.  Distilled  vinegar,  or  diluted  wood  vinegar,  a  pint; 
camphor  ^  oz. ;  dissolve. 

3.  Corrosive  sublimate  3  oz.,  hydrochloric  acid  3  oz.,  oil 
of  turpentine  12  oz.,  water  6  pints.     Or,  1  oz.  of  sublimate, 

,  2  oz.  of  hydrochloric  acid,  a  pint  of  oil  of  turpentine,  and 
a  pint  of  decoction  of  tobacco. 

4.  Strong  mercurial  ointment  1  oz.,  soft  soap  1  oz.,  oil 
of  turpentine  a  jiint. 

5.  Wliite  arsenic  2  oz.,  lard  13  oz.,  corrosive  subUmate 
5  oz.,  Venetian  I'ed  \  oz. 

6.  Scotch  snuff  mixed  with  soft  soap. 

7.  For  Floors^    Corrosive   sublimate  1  lb.,  sal  ammo- 


MISCELLAIfEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  327 

Iliac  1  lb.,  hot  water  8  gallons.  [It  is  said  that  if  a  branch 
of  narrow  leaved  dittany  or  pepperwort  (lepidium  ruderale) 
be  suspended  in  a  room,  all  the  bugs  will  settle  in  it,  and 
may  be  taken.  Fumigating  the  rooms  with  sulphur  is  a 
troublesome  and  disagreeable  process,  and  not  always  suc- 
cessful.] 

Bxtenett's  (Sir  W.)  DisiNFECTiNa  Fluid.  See  Disinfect- 
i^Gr  AND  Deodorizing  Compounds. 

BcTTEE,  TO  Preserve.  Powder  finely,  and  mix  together, 
2  parts  of  the  best  salt,  1  of  loaf  sugar,  and  1  of  nitre. 
To  each  pound  of  butter,  well  cleansed  from  the  milk,  add 
1  oz.  of  this  compound.  It  should  not  be  used  under  a 
month.  [Butter  that  has  an  xmpleasaut  flavour,  is  said 
to  be  improved  by  the  addition  of  2^  drs.  of  bicarbonate 
of  soda  to  3  lbs.  of  butter.  A  turnipy  flavour  may  be  pre- 
A'ented  by  only  feeding  the  cows  with  turnips  immediately 
after  milking  them.] 

Butter  of  Antimony.  The  liquid  chloride  of  antimony, 
commercially  known  by  this  name,  is  usually  made  by 
dissolving  crude  or  roasted  black  antimony  in  hydrochloric 
acid  with  the  addition  of  a  little  nitric  acid.  It  usually 
contains  pernitrate  of  iron. 

Butyric  Ether.  Saponify  butter  with  a  strong  solution 
of  potash,  dissolve  the  soap  in  the  smallest  quantity  of 
alcohol  by  the  aid  of  heat,  add  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and 
sulphuric  acid  till  the  solution  is  acid,  and  distil  as  long 
as  the  product  has  a  fruity  odour.  Redistil  the  product 
from  chloride  of  calcium.  It  is  sold  as  essence  of  pine- 
apple. 

Camphine.     JligMy  rectified  oil  of  turpentine.     English's  • 
patent  camphine  is  made  by  passing  the  vapour  of  oil  of 
turpentine  through  caustic  solutions  of   potash,  soda,  or 
lime  ;  or  through  sulphuric  acid. 

Cajiphoe,  Artificial.  This  is  formed  by  passing  hydro- 
chloric acid  gas  into  oil  of  turpentine. 

Camphor  Balls.     See  Skin  Cosmetics,  after  Perfumery. 

Candies.  These  belong  rather  to  the  confectioner  than  to 
the  druggist.  The  green  stalks  of  angelica,  the  peels  of 
orange,  lemon,  and  citron,  green  roots  of  ginger,  &c.,  are 
first  boiled  in  water  till  soft,  then  in  syrup  till  they  are 
transparent,  and  dried  in  a  stove,  at  a  heat  not  exceeding 


328  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

104°  F.  Candied  lioreliound  is  made  by  boiling  lump 
sugar  with  a  little  strong  decoction  or  infusion  of  di'ied 
liorehound,  till  a  portion  taken  out  and  cooled  becomes 
solid.  It  is  then  poured  on  to  a  slab,  or  into  paper  or  tin 
moulds  dusted  with  powdered  sugar. 

Caxthaeidine  Blister,  Lissonde.  Melt  white  wax  45  parts 
in  olive  oil  28  parts  with  a  gentle  heat,  add  turpentine  24 
parts,  camphor  1  part,  cantharidine  2  parts ;  stir,  let  the 
mass  cool  an  instant,  then  pour  out  or  spread  on  cloths.  It 
raises  the  epidermis  in  a  few  hours. 

Caxton's  PnosPHOEirs.  Put  calcined  oyster  shells  in  layers 
alternately  with  sulphur,  and  heat  strongly  in  a  covered 
crucible  for  an  hour. 

Caoutchouc,  Solvents  foe.    See  Solvents. 

Capsules,  Gelatinous.  These  are  used  to  contain  copalva 
and  other  nauseous  liquids  which  do  not  dissolve  gela- 
tine, so  that  they  may  be  swallowed  without  inconve- 
nience. They  are  made  by  "dipping  the  bulbous  extre- 
mity of  an  iron  rod  into  a  concentrated  solution  of  gela- 
tine. Just  before  the  rod  is  withdrawn,  it  is  to  be  rotated, 
in  order  to  diffuse  the  gelatine  equally  over  the  bulb." 
Wlien  sufficiently  hardened,  they  are  removed,  placed  on 
pins  to  dry,  and  when  dry,  filled  with  the  balsam  or  oil, 
and  the  orifice  closed  with  liquid  gelatsne.  Tliey  are 
usually  of  an  olive  form,  and  contain  10  grs.  of  balsam  in 
each.  See  Dr.  Peeeiea's  '  Elements,'  article  Copaiva. 
M.  GiBAUD  recommends  the  following  composition  for 
capsules  :  Transparent  gelatine  12  parts,  syrup  of  gum 
2  parts,  syrup  2  parts,  water  10  parts.  Melt  it  in  a 
warm-bath,  remove  the  scum,  and  dip  the  mould,  pre- 
viously oiled,  into  the  compound. 

Caebon.    See  Charcoal. 

Carbonic  Acid.    See  Gases. 

Caemine.     See  Pigments. 

Case-hardening  Powder.  This  is  merely  ferroprussiate 
of  potash,  dried,  and  finely  powdered.  By  sprinkling  it 
on  iron  heated  to  bright  redness,  the  metal  becomes  case- 
liardened,  or  superficially  converted  into  steel.  The  iron 
should  be  jjlunged  into  cold  water  as  soon  as  the  powder 
lifts  acted  on  it.     The  following  compound  is  used  for  the 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  329 

same   purpose :    Sal  ammoniac  2  oz.,  burnt  bone  dust  2 
oz.,  Hexttood's  composition  J  oz.     Used  as  the  former. 

Cassolettes.     See  Pekfumeey. 

Cayenne,  SoirsLE.     See  Condiments,  further  back. 

Cements  and  Lvtes,  VAEiors. 

Shell-lac  Cement.  Fine  orange  shell-lac,  bruised,  4  oz., 
highly  rectified  spirit  3  oz.  Digest  in  a  warm  place,  fre- 
quently shaking,  till  the  shell-lac  is  dissolved.  Methy- 
lated spirit  may  be  substituted  for  spirit  of  wine, 
where  the  smell  is  not  objectionable.  A  most  useful 
cement  for  securely  joining  almost  any  material.  See 
Glue,  Liquid. 

Shell-lac  Cement  loithout  Spirit,  Boil  1  oz.  of  borax  in 
16  oz.  water,  add  2  oz.  powdered  shell-lac,  and  boil  in 
a  covered  vessel  till  the  lac  is  dissolved.  Cheaper  than 
the  above,  and  for  many  purposes  answers  very  well. 
Both  are  useful  in  fixing  paper  labels  to  tin,  and  to  glass 
when  exposed  to  damp. 

Armenian  Cement  for  Glass,  China,  S(C.  1.  Kellee's. 
Soak  2  drs.  of  cut  isinglass  in  2  oz.  of  water  for  24  hours ; 
boil  to  1  oz.,  add  1  oz.  methylated  spirit  of  wine,  and  strain 
through  linen.  Mix  this,  while  hot,  with  a  solution  of  1  dr. 
of  mastic  in  1  oz.  of  methylated  spirit,  and  triturate  with  \ 
dr.  powdered  gum  ammoniac,  till  perfectly  homogeneous. 

2.  Dr.  Uee's  Diamond  Cement.  Isinglass  1  oz.,  dis- 
tilled water  6  oz.,  boil  to  3  oz.,  and  add  1^  oz.  of  methylated 
spirit.  Boil  for  a  minute  or  two,  strain,  and  add  while 
hot,  first  i  oz.  of  a  milky  emulsion  of  ammoniac,  and  then 
5  drs.  of  tincture  of  mastic.  [There  are  various  kinds 
of  this  cement  sold,  and  some  of  the  improvements  intro- 
duced by  peculiar  makers  have  not  been  made  public] 

Cement  used  in  the  Hast  for  uniting  jewels,  glass,  and 
metals.  Dissolve  5  or  6  pieces  of  gum  mastic,  each  about 
the  size  of  a  large  pea,  in  just  as  much  methylated  spirit  as 
will  render  it  liquid.  Soften  some  isinglass  by  steeping  it  in 
water;  having  dried  it,  dissolve  as  much  of  it  in  good 
brandy  as  will  make  a  two-ounce  phial  of  strong  glue,  to 
which  must  be  added  two  small  bits  of  gum  ammoniacum, 
rubbing  until  they  are  dissolved.  Mix  the  two  solutions ; 
keep  in  a  close  jihial ;  and  when  it  is  t-o  be  used,  set  the 
■■■  phial  in  boiling  water. — Mr.  Eton. 


330  TEADE   CnEMICALS 

Liquid  Cement,  for  glass,  porcelain,  mood,  S(c.  Macerate  for 
several  hours  sis  parts  of  glue  in  small  pieces,  in  16  parts 
of  water,  add  1  part  hydrochloric  acid  and  \\  part  of  sul- 
phate of  zinc,  and  expose  the  mixture  for  several  hours  to 
a  temperature  of  150^  F. 

Hcenle's  Cement,  for  Glass  or  Earthenware.  Shell-lac  2 
parts,  Venice  turpentine  1  part,  fuse  together,  and  form 
into  sticks. 

Cheese  Cement, for  Earthemoare,Sfc.  Mix  together: — white 
of  e^g  beaten  to  a  froth,  quicklime,  and  grated  cheese, 
and  heat  them  to  a  paste.     See  Glue,  Casein. 

Curd  Cement.  Add  \  pint  of  %anegar  to  \  pint  of  skimmed 
milk  ;  mix  the  curd  with  the  whites  of  5  eggs  well  beaten, 
and  sufficient  powdered  quicklime  to  form  a  paste.  It 
resists  water  and  a  moderate  degree  of  heat. 

Glass  Flux,  for  mending  broken  China,  <^-c.  Mix  3  parts  of 
red  lead,  2  of  fine  white  sand,  and  3  of  crystallized 
boracic  acid,  fuse  the  mixture,  levigate  it,  and  apply  it 
with  thin  mucilage  of  tragacanth.  Heat  the  rejjaired 
article  gently,  so  as  partly  to  fuse  the  cement. 

Cement  for  joining  Sjjar  and  3Iarhle  Ornaments,  Sfc.  Melt 
together  8  parts  of  resin,  1  of  wax,  and  stir  in  4  parts,  or 
as  much  as  may  be  required,  of  Paris  plaster.  The  pieces 
to  be  made  hot. 

Heksler's  Cement.  Grind  8  parts  of  litharge,  2  of  recently 
burnt  lime,  and  1  of  wliite  bole,  with  linseed  oil  varnish. 
\^T'ery  tenacious,  hut  long  in  drying."] 

Singer's  Cement  for  Electrical  Machines  and  Galvanic 
Troughs.  Melt  together  5  lbs.  of  resin,  and  1  lb.  of  bees'- 
wax,  and  stir  in  1  lb.  of  red-ochre  (highly  dried,  and  still 
warm),  and  4  oz.  of  Paris  plaster,  continuing  the  heat 
a  little  above  212°,  and  stirring  constantly  till  all  frothing 
ceases.  Or  {for  troughs),  resin  6  lbs.,  dried  red-ochre  1  lb., 
calcined  plaster  of  Paris  \  lb.,  linseed  oil  i  lb. 

Mucilage  for  Minerals.     The  following  is  recommended  for 
mending  fossils  and  minerals.     Starch  2  drs,,  wliite  sugar 
1  oz.,  gum  arabic  2  drs.,  water  q.  s.     Dissolve  the  gum, 
add  the  sugar,  and  boil  until  the  starch  is  cooked. — 
Druggist's  Circular. 

Cement  for  Wood,  Porcelain,  Ola^s.  Dissolve  30  grs.  of 
sulphate  of  aluminum  in  two  thirds'of  an  ounce  of  water, 


MISCELLANEOUS    PEEPABATIONS  331 

and  add  it  to  8^  fluid  ounces  of  a  strong  solution  of  gum 

arabic. 
Botany  Bay  Cement.     Botany  Bay  gum,  melted  and  mixed 

with  an  equal  quantity  of  brickdust. 
Cap    Cement.     As  Singer's  ;    but  1  lb.  of   dried  Venetian 

red   may   be   substituted    for   the   red   ochre    and   Paris 

plaster. 
Bottle  Cement.     Resin  15  parts,  tallow  4  (or  wax  3)  parts, 

highly  dried  red  ochre  6  parts,  or  ivory  black  q.  s.     The 

common  kinds  of  sealing  wax  are  also  used. 
Turner's  Cement.     Bee's-wax  1  oz.,  resin  \  oz.,  pitch  ^  oz. 

Melt,  and  stir  in  fine  brickdust  q.  s. 
Coppersmith's   Cement.     Powdered   quicklime,   mixed    with 

bullock's  blood,  and  applied  immediately. 
'Engineers'  Cement.     Equal  weights  of  i-ed  and  white  lead, 

with  drying  oil,  spread  on  tow,  or  canvas.     For  metallic 

joints,  or  to  unite  large  stones,  in  cisterns,  &c. 
Cement  for  Steam  Bipes.     Good  linseed  oil,  varnish  ground 

with  equal  weights  of  white  lead,  oxide  of  manganese,  and 

pipe-clay. 
Iron  Cement,  for   closing   the  joints   of  iron  pipes.     Iron 

borings,  coarsely  powdered,  5  lbs.,  powdered  sal  ammoniac 

2  oz.,  sulphur  1  oz.,  water  sufficient  to  moisten  it.  It 
quickly  hardens ;  but  if  time  can  be  allowed,  it  sets  more 
firmly  without  the  sulphur.  It  must  be  used  as  soon  as 
mixed,  and  rammed  tightly  into  the  joints. 

Gad's  Hydraulic  Cement.     Powdered  clay  3  lbs.,  oxide  of  iron 

1  lb.,  boiled  oil  to  form  a  stiff  paste. 
Cement  for  Masonry  of  Chamlers  of  Chlorine,  Sfc.     Equal 

parts  of  pitch,  resin,  and  jjlaster  of  Paris. 
Boman  Cement.     A  mixture  of  clay,  lime,  and  oxide  of  iron, 

separately  calcined,  and  finely  powdered.     It  must  be  kept 

in  closed  vessels,  and  mixed  with  water  when  used. 
Oxychloride  of  Zinc   Cement.     In  liquid  chloride   of   zinc 

marking  from  50°  to  60^  of  Baume's  areometer,  dissolve 

3  per  cent,  of  borax  or  sal  ammoniac  :  add  oxide  of  zinc 
which  has  been  heated  to  redness,  until  the  mass  is  of  a 
proper  consistence.  The  cement,  when  hard,  becomes  as 
firm  as  marble.  It  may  be  cast  in  moulds,  like  plaster  of 
Paris,  or  used  in  the  constniction  of  mosaic  works,  &c. — 
M.  SOBEL. 


832  TRM)E    CHEMICALS 

Marine  Cement.     See  Gltje,  Marine. 

Maissiatt's  Cement,  as  an  air-tight  covering  for  bottles,  Sfc. 
Melt  India-rubber  (to  which  15  per  cent,  of  wax  or  tallow 
may  be  added),  and  gradually  add  finely  powdered  quick- 
lime, till  a  change  of  odour  shows  that  a  combination  has 
taken  place,  and  a  proper  consistence  is  obtained. 

Cement  for  attaching  Metal  Letters  to  Plate  Glass.  Copal 
varnish  15  parts,  drying  oil  5  parts,  turpentine  3  parts, 
oil  of  turpentine  2  parts,  liquefied  glue  5  parts ;  melted  in 
a  water-bath,  and  10  parts  of  slaked  lime  added. 

Cement  to  fasten  Leather  to  Metal.  A  hot  solution  of 
gelatin.  With  this  wash  the  metal;  and  the  leather, 
previously  stepped  in  a  hot  infusion  of  gall-nuts,  is  to  be 
pressed  tightly  on  the  surface  and  allowed  to  cool,  when 
it  will  adhere  very  firmly. 

Cem,ent  for  India-ruhber.  Bisulphide  of  carlwn  4  oz.,  best 
India-rubber  1  oz.,  isinglass  2  drs.,  gutta  percha  1^  oz. — 
Phaem.  Jouen. 

Cement  to  fasten  India-ruhber  to  Wood  or  Metal.  Dissolve 
1  part  powdered  gum  shell-lac  in  10  parts  of  strong  solu- 
tion of  ammonia:  It  is  at  first  slimy,  in  3  to  4  weeks 
becomes  liquid,  then  hard  and  impermeable. — Drug- 
gists' ClRCCTLAR. 

Cement  for  fixing  labels  to  Tin,  or  other  Metallic  Substances. 
Mucilage  of  tragacanth,  10  parts;  honey  10  parts;  dry 
wheaten  flour  1  part. 

Japanese  Cement.  Mi.x  rice  flour  intimately  ^nth  cold  water, 
and  boil  gently. 

French  Cement.  Mix  thick  mucilage  of  gum  arable  with 
])owdered  starch. 

Common  Paste.  To  a  dessert-spoonful  of  flour  add  gradually 
half  a  pint  of  cold  water,  and  mix  till  quite  smooth ;  add 
a  pinch  of  jwwdered  alum  (some  add  also  as  much  pow- 
dered resin  as  will  lie  on  a  sixpence),  and  boil  for  a  few 
moments,  stirring  constantly.  Tlie  addition  of  a  little 
brown  sugar,  and  a  few  grains  of  corrosive  sublimate,  is 
said  to  preserve  it  for  years. 

Transparent  Cement.  Dissolve  75  parts  of  caoutchouc  in  0 
parts  of  cliloi'oform,  and  add  to  tlie  solution  15  parts  of 
mastic. — Lenhee. 

Soft  Cement,     Melt  yellow  wax  with  half  its  weight  of  com- 


Miscellaneous  peepaeatioks  333 

mon  turpentine,  and  stir  in  a  little  Venetian  red,  pre- 
viously well  dried,  and  finely  powdered.  [As  a  temporary 
stopping  for  joints  and  openings  in  glass  and  other  appa- 
ratus, where  the  heat  and  pressure  are  not  great.]  See 
the  next. 
iMtes  or  Cements  for  closing  the  joints  of  Apparatus.  1. 
Mix  Paris  plaster  with  water  to  a  soft  paste,  and  apply  it 
immediately.  It  bears  nearly  a  red  heat.  It  may  be  ren- 
dered impervious  by  rubbing  it  over  with  wax  and  oil. 

3.  Slaked  lime,  made  into  a  paste  with  white  of  egg,  or 
a  solution  of  gelatine. 

3.  Fat  Lute.  Fmely  powdered  clay  moistened  with 
water,  and  beaten  up  with  boiled  linseed  oil.  Roll  it  into 
cylmders,  and  press  it  on  the  joints  of  the  vessels,  which 
must  be  perfectly  dry.  It  is  rendered  more  secure  by 
binding  it  with  strips  of  linen  moistened  with  white  of 
egg. 

4.  Linseed  meal  beaten  to  a  paste  with  water. 

5.  SHps  of  moistened  bladder,  smeared  with  white  of 
egg. 

Luting  for  Acids.  1.  Dissolve  1  part  of  India-rubber  in  2 
parts  of  linseed  oil,  by  heat,  and  work  into  a  stiff  paste 
with  3  parts,  or  as  much  as  sufficient,  of  white  clay. 

2.  A  concentrated  solution  of  silicate  of  soda,  made  into 
a  paste  with  powdered  glass. 

Lutes  for  Coating  Retorts.  1.  Dissolve  1  oz.  of  borax  in  ^ 
])int  of  water,  and  add  slaked  lime  to  form  a  thin  paste. 
Brush  this  over  the  retort,  and  let  it  dry  gradually.  Then 
apply  a  coating  of  slaked  lime  and  linseed  oil  beaten 
together.  Let  it  dry  a  day  or  two  before  use,  and  fill  up 
any  cracks  which  may  appear  with  lime  and  linseed  oil. 

2.  For  hearing  a  stronger  heat :  Stourbridge  clay,  mixed 
with  a  little  sand  to  prevent  it  splitting  off :  a  little  cut 
tow,  or  horse-dung,  or  asbestos,  is  usually  added,  to  in- 
crease its  coherence.  It  should  be  beaten  to  a  stiff  paste, 
and  rolled  out  before  application.  The  glass  should  be  first 
rubbed  over  with  a  little  of  the  lute  mixed  with  water, 
then  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  paste,  rolled  out  to  about 
\  or  -J-  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  and  tlie  edges  of  the  latter 
raised  and  moulded  to  the  glass,  taking  care  to  press  out 
all  the  air. 


334  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

Mohr's  Lute,  Mix  equal  parts  of  brickclust  and  litharge, 
and  beat  tliem  into  a  paste  with  linseed  oil.  Apply  tliis 
with  a  stiff  brush,  and  dust  it  over  with  coarse  sand  :  dry 
it  in  a  warm  place. 

For  Cements  for  plugging  teeth,  see  Teeth  Aitd  Mouth 
Cosmetics,  further  back. 

ChaecoaI;.  Wood  charcoal  is  made  by  burning  wood  with 
only  a  partial  access  of  air.  For  chemical  purposes,  that 
made  in  iron  cylmders,  in  the  manufacture  of  wood  vine- 
gar, is  preferred. 

Charcoal,  Animal.  The  most  common  form  is  that  of 
bone  black  (commonly  called  ivory  black),  made  by  dis- 
tilling bones  (from  which  the  grease  has  been  removed  by 
boiling)  in  iron  or  earthen  retorts,  the  ammoniacal  liquor, 
&c.,  being  collected  in  proper  receivers.  The  residue  is 
bone  black.  When  used  for  the  pm'pose  of  decolorization, 
further  treatment  is  required  :  either  the  bone  earth  may 
be  entirely  removed  by  hydrochloric  acid,  as  directed  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia ;  or  more  commonly,  in  the  refining  of 
sugar,  and  for  other  manufacturing  purposes,  tliis  is  only 
partially  effected,  in  some  such  way  as  the  following  :  Mix 
8  lbs.  of  the  bone  black,  coarsely  powdered,  with  sufficient 
water  to  form  a  paste,  and  add  1  lb.  of  hydrochloric  acid. 
In  an  hour  pour  boiling  water  on  the  mass,  let  it  settle, 
pour  off  the  liquid,  add  more  water,  and  repeat  this  till  the 
water  comes  off  free  from  taste.  Drain  and  press  the 
black  in  a  cloth,  and  di'y  it.  Its  power  is  increased  by 
mixing  it  vrA\\  a  little  potash,  heating  it  to  dull  redness  in 
a  covered  crucible,  and  again  M'asliing  it. 

Charcoal,  Aluminized.  This  is  recommended  by  Dr.  Sten- 
HOUSE  as  a  cheap  and  very  efficient  decolorizing  agent. 
Dissolve  in  water  54  parts  of  the  sulphate  of  alumina  of 
commerce,  and  mix  with  92|  parts  of  finely  powdered  wood 
charcoal,  ^lien  the  charcoal  is  saturated,  evaporate  to 
dryness,  and  heat  to  redness  in  covered  Hessian  crucibles 
till  the  water  and  acid  are  dissipated.  The  charcoal  con- 
tains 7i  per  cent,  of  anhydrous  alumina. 

Charcoal  from  Coal-tar.  Heat  gently  in  an  iron  pot 
1  lb.  by  weight  of  coal-tar  pitch  till  it  melts.  Add  2  lbs. 
of  fluid  coal-tar,  and  mix.  Stir  in  7  lbs.  of  hydrate  of  lime 
in  very  fine  powder.     The  thick  mass  is  now  roasted,  stir- 


MiSCELLANEOtJS   PREPARATIONS  335 

ring  all  the  time,  till  it  is  reduced  to  a  fine  powder.  It  is 
thbu  ignited  in  a  covered  crucible  till  all  the  vegetable 
matter  is  carbonized.  The  charcoal  when  cold  is  digested 
with  dilute  hydrochloric  acid,  and  finally  washed  with 
water  in  a  filter,  and  di-icd.  Dr.  Stenhousb  recommends 
this  as  an  admirable  form  for  decolorization.  For  such 
liquids  as  decoction  of  logwood  it  is  four  times  as  efficient 
as  animal  charcoal. 

Chameleon  Mineral.  Mix  equal  weights  of  black  oxide 
of  manganese  and  pure  potash,  and  heat  them  in  a  crucililc. 
Keep  the  compound  in  closely  stopped  bottles.  A  solution 
of  it  in  water  passes  through  various  shades  of  colour  from 
green  to  red. 

Chemique,  or  Chemic  Blue — Sulphate  of  Indigo.  To 
7  or  8  parts  of  oil  of  vitriol,  in  a  glass  or  earthen  vessel, 
placed  in  cold  water,  add  gradually  1  part  of  fine  indigo 
in  powder,  stirring  the  mixtui-e  at  each  addition  with  a 
glass  rod,  or  piece  of  tobacco-pipe.  Cover  the  vessel  for 
24  hours,  then  dilute  with  an  equal  weight  of  water. 
Sometimes  it  is  sold  without  diluting.  The  German 
(Nordhausen)  fuming  acid  answers  best,  4  or  5  parts  of  it 
being  sufiicient  for  1  of  mdigo.  For  dyeing  silk,  &c.,  car- 
bonate of  potash,  soda,  or  ammonia,  is  added,  to  neutralize 
the  acid,  takuig  care  not  to  add  it  in  excess. 

Chloralum.  Chloride  of  aluminium  is  made  by  acting  on 
alumina,  the  basis  of  clay,  with  hydrochloric  acid,  and  eva- 
porating to  form  crystals.  Under  the  above  name  it  is 
extensively  used  as  a  disinfectant  and  deodorizer,  decom- 
posing siUphui'etted  hydrogen  and  coagulating  albumen. 

Chlorate  of  Baryta.  Satiu-ate  solution  of  chloric  acid, 
(see  further  back)  with  fresh  precipitated  carbonate  of 
baryta,  filter,  and  crystallize. 

Chlorate  of  Potash.  Liebig.  Dissolve  chloride  of  lime 
in  water,  add  solution  of  chloride  of  potassium,  and  boil  to 
dryness.  Dissolve  the  mass  in  hot  water,  and  filter  if 
necessary  :  on  cooling,  a  large  quantity  of  chlorate  of  pot- 
ash is  deposited.  For  another  process,  see  Potasste  Chloras, 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Chloride  of  Lime,  or  Chlorinated  Lime.  Bleaching 
Powder.     Chlorine  gas  (slowly  evolved  from  a  mixture  of 


336  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

10  parts  of  common  salt  and  10  to  14  parts  of  binoxide  of 
manganese,  placed  in  an  alembic  of  lead,  and  heated  by 
steam,  and  mth  12  to  14  parts  of  oil  of  vitriol  previously 
diluted  with  a  fourth  of  its  weight  of  water,  added)  is 
conveyed  into  a  chamber  where  sifted  slaked  lime  is  thinly 
spread  on  shelves.  It  is  so  cheaply  made  by  the  large 
manufacturers  for  bleaching  purposes,  that  it  is  seldom 
prepared  by  druggists.  The  liquid  chloride  of  lime  may 
be  made  either  by  triturating  the  dry  cliloride  with  a  little 
cold  water  till  jjerfectly  smooth,  then  adding  more  water, 
and  filtering  the  solution  :  or  by  passing  chlorine  gas  into 
a  mixture  of  lime  and  water.  The  Beit.  Phaem.  directs 
a  solution  of  1*035  sp.  gr.  The  Paris  Codex  directs  1  part 
of  dry  bleaching  powder  to  be  diffused  in  45  of  water. 
SouBEiEAN  directs  1  part  to  50 ;  but  prefers  passing  the 
gas  from  1  part  of  binoxide  of  manganese  and  4  of  hydro- 
chloric acid  into  a  mixture  of  1  part  of  lime  and  50  of 
water.  M.  OPYL  states  that  for  the  production  of  a  good 
chloride  of  lime,  the  temperatui'e  of  the  chambers  must  be 
as  low  as  possible.  Winter  is  always  found  the  most 
favourable  season  for  its  manufacture. 

Chloeide  oe  HypocHLOEiTE  OF  Potash.  Eau  de  Javelle. 
See  Liq.  Potassae  Chlorinatae,  Pocket  Formulary, 

Chloeide  of  Soda,  oe  Chloeinated  Soda.  See  Soda 
Chlorinata,  and  Liquor  Soda?  Chlorataj,  in  the  Pocket 
Formulary.  A  more  ready  way  of  preparing  it,  for  other 
purposes  than  for  disjiensing  prescriptions,  is  the  following  : 
Diffuse  1  lb.  of  chloride  of  lime  in  30  lbs.  of  water.  Dis- 
solve 2  lbs.  of  crystallized  carbonate  of  soda  in  15  lbs.  of 
water.  Mix  the  solutions,  let  the  mixture  settle,  pour  off 
the  clear  liquid,  and  filter  it. 

Chloeine.    See  Gases. 

Chloeofoem.     See  Chloroformum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Chocolate.     See  Chocolata,  Pocket  Formulary. 

Cheomate  of  Potash.  Mix  4  parts  of  chrome  iron  ore  (chro- 
mate  of  iron)  with  2  of  pearlash  and  1  of  nitre,  and  heat 
the  mixture  in  a  reverberatory  furnace  for  several  hours. 
Lixiviate,  and  crystallize.  The  chromate  is  converted  into 
bichromate,  by  adding  sulphuric  acid,  or  rather  acetic  acid, 
to  the  solution. 

CHfioatAXE  Of  L£AD.    See  Pig^e^^xs. 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPARATIONS  337 

Chromic  Oxide.     Mix  bicliromute  of  potash  with  half  its 
weight  of  chloride  of    ammonium ;    heat  the  mixture  to 
redness,  and  wash  the  mass  with  plenty  of  boiling  water. 
Dry  the  residue. 
Chromic  Acid.     See  Acid,  Chromic. 

Clothes,  Powder  to  Keep  away  Moths  prom.     Mix  pow- 
dered pipe-clay  li  lbs.,  white  pepper  and  starch,  each  1  oz., 
root  of  Florentine  iris  Ij  oz.,  with  spirits  of  wine  2  oz. 
To  be  dusted  over  the  clothes  when  laid  by. 
Cochineal  Colouring.     Macerate   best    carmine  1  oz.   in 
strong    solution  of    ammonia  6  oz.  until  it  is    dissolved. 
Heat  gently  to  drive  off  excess  of  ammonia.     Put  into  a 
quart  wine* bottle,  and  add  rectified  spirit  4  oz.,  and  white 
sugar  3  lbs.     Fill  up  with  warm  water,  and  shake  until  the 
sugar  is  dissolved. — Mr.  Palmer. 
Collodion.     Mix  in  a  glass,  stoneware,  or  porcelain  vessel, 
30  parts  of    strong  sulphuric  acid  and    20  of    powdered 
nitre  ;  place  the  vessel  in  cold  water  :  add  1  part  of  carded 
cottou-wool,  and  open  and  stir   it  in  the  acid   mixture  by 
means  of  2  glass  or  porcelain  rods,  or  stems  of  tobacco 
pipes,  for  2  or  3  minutes.     Then  remove  the  cotton  into 
a  large  quantity  of  cold  water,  press  it,  and  wash  it  in  a 
stream  of  water,  opening  it  with  the  fingers,  till  the  water 
passes  through  it  free  from  acidity.     Squeeze  it  strongly 
in  a  dry  cloth,  and  then  open  it,  and  dry  it  gradually  in  a 
warm  situation,  free  from  danger.     One  part  of  this  pre- 
pared cotton,  with  16  of  rectified  ether,  and  1  of  alcohol, 
agitated  together,  soon  forms  a  gelatinous  solution.     See 
Pocket  Formulary  for  its  medical  preparations. 
Coj.LO'Dio'Sf'EhkSTic  (for  surffical  purposes).     Mix  together 
in  a  stoneware  or  porcelain  pot,  sulphuric   acid  (of  sp.  gr. 
1-817)  300  parts,  very  dry  nitrate  of  potash  200  parts; 
aiul  add  carded  cotton  10  parts.     Leave  in  contact  for  12 
minutes  ;   withdraw  the  cotton,  wash  it  in  cold  water  to 
remove  the  acid  which  it  contains,  and,  after  2  or  3  rinsings, 
immerse  it  again  in  a  solution  of  30  ptxrts  of  carbonate 
of  potash  in  1000  of  water ;    plunge  it  again  into   simple 
water,  agitating  well ;  and  lastly,  dry  it   at  a  temperature 
of    77°  to    86°  Fahr.      The    product  is  xyloidia.      Place 
now  8  parts  of  this  xyloidin,  with  125  parts  of  sulphuric 
ether  in  a  wide-mouthed  flask,  and  add  8  parts  of  alcohol 

22 


338  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

(sp.  gr.  0"825).  Agitate.  Make  next  a  mixture  of  Venice 
tui-pentine  2  parts,  castor  oil  2  parts,  white  wax  2  parts, 
sulphuric  ether  6  parts.  Heat  together  the  first  three 
substances,  add  the  ether,  and  mix  all  with  the  solution  of 
xyloidin.— M.  Lauras. 

Collodion,  Photogeaphic.     See  Photogbaphy. 

Colours,  Various.  The  principal  dry  colours  will  be  found 
under  Pigments.     Other  colours  are  noticed  below. 

Colours  fob  Druggists'  Show  Bottles.  In  making  these, 
distilled  water  should  be  used,  and  rather  more  of  the 
coloui"  than  will  fill  the  carboys  made,  to  avoid  the  neces- 
sity of  adding  water  to  fill  up  after  filtration,  as  this 
sometimes  renders  them  turbid.  The  carboys  should  be 
perfectly  clean,  and  also  dry,  or  otherwise  rinsed  out  with 
a  portion  of  the  filtered  liquid. 

1.  Blues.  Sulphate  of  copper  4  to  8  oz.,  water  a  gallon, 
oil  of  vitriol  1  oz. 

2.  Royal  Blue.  Sulphate  of  copper  8  oz.,  water  a 
gallon ;  dissolve,  and  add  water  of  ammonia  till  the  full 
colour  is  developed ;  then  water  to  make  up  2  gallons. 

3.  Finest  Royal  Blue.  Nitrate  of  copper  3  oz.,  water 
suflicient  to  dissolve  it ;  add  water  of  ammonia  as  long  as 
the  colour  becomes  deeper,  then  water  to  make  up  2 
gallons. 

4.  Paler.  Crystallized  acetate  of  copper  ^  oz.,  hydro- 
chloric acid  1^  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  q.  s.,  water  to  make 
up  2  gallons. 

5.  Liglit  Blue.  Crystallized  acetate  of  copper  a  scruple, 
water  of  ammonia  2  oz.,  water  2  gallons. 

Green.  1.  An  infusion  of  saffron  added  to  the  above 
blues. 

2.  Sulphate  of  Copper  4  oz.,  bichromate  of  potash  i  dr., 
water  q.  s. 

3.  By  adding  to  the  above  deep  or  light  blues  a  small 
quantity  of  chromate  or  bichromate  of  potash  till  the 
desired  tint  is  produced,  various  shades  of  green  may  be 
obtained. 

,  4.  Sulphate  of  copper,  with  chloride  of  sodium  or  of 
iron. 

5.  Emerald  Oreen.  Nitrate  of  copper  3  oz.,  hydro- 
chloric acid  4  oz.,  nitric  acid  4  oz.,  water  2  gallons. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPAEATIONS  339 

6.  Very  Fine  Emerald.  Nickel  3  oz.,  hydrochloric  acid 
4  oz.,  nitrous  acid  2  oz. :  digest  for  24  hours,  add  2  gal- 
lons of  water  and  filter. 

Red.  1.  Dried  rose  petals  8  oz.,  boiling  water  a  gallon  ; 
digest  for  12  hours,  strain;  digest  the  roses  with  more 
water,  and  strain  ;  mix  the  infusions,  add  a  pint  of  diluted 
suli^huric  acid,  and  filter. 

2.  Cochineal  ^  oz.,  boiling  water  a  gallon  :  digest, 
strain,  add  i  oz.  of  sulphuric  acid,  and  water  to  make  up 
2  gallons. 

3.  Crimson.  Iodine,  and  iodide  of  potasssium,  of  each 
2  drs.  J  triturate  with  a  dr.  of  water,  and  add  3  gallons  of 
water,  and  4  oz.  of  hydrocldoric  acid. 

4.  For  External  Lamps.  Campliine,  strongly  coloured 
with  alkanet  root. 

Pink.  1.  Infuse  \  oz.  of  good  madder  in  a  quart  of 
boiling  distilled  water;  when  cold,  add  1  oz.  of  strong 
ammonia,  and  filter  into  2  gallons  of  distilled  water. 

2.  Dissolve  chloride  or  nitrate  of  cobalt  in  water,  and 
add  sufficient  carbonate  of  ammonia  to  redissolve  the  pre- 
cipitate first  thi'own  down  ;  then  water  q.  s. 

Purple.  To  the  last,  add  sufficient  of  the  blue  No.  3  to 
give  the  desired  shade. 

Lilac.  Smalts  4  oz.,  nitric  acid  4  oz. ;  let  it  stand  24 
hours,  add  2  gallons  of  water,  1  oz.  of  alum,  and  4  oz.  of 
water  of  ammonia.     Or  rather  as  the  purple. 

Yelloiv.  1.  Chromate  or  bichromate  of  potash,  with 
water  q.  s. 

2.  Bichromate  of  potash  2  drs.,  pure  water  4  oz.;  dis- 
solve, and  add  4  oz.  sulphuric  acid,  and  2  gallons  of 
water. 

3.  Bichromate  of  potash,  nitrate  of  potash,  and  water. 
Amber.     1.  Deep  chrome  yellow  3  oz.,  pearlash  9  oz., 

water  2  gallons  ;  boil  gently  for  half  an  hour,  take  it  off  to 
cool,  and  add  6  oz.  hydrochloric  acid,  and  water  to  the 
desired  colour. 

2.  Dragon's  blood,  digested  with  sulphuric  acid,  and 
diluted  with  water  to  the  desired  shade. 

Olive.  Sulphate  of  iron  3  oz.,  sulphuric  acid  3  oz., 
water  2  gallons ;  dissolve,  and  add  the  green  No.  5.  q.  s.  to 
brighten  the  colour. 


340  TBADE    CHEMICALS 

Liquid  Coloues  foe  Maps,  &c.  See  Inks,  Dyes,  Chemique 
Blue,  Lake  Liquor,  &c.  Gumboge  and  some  of  the 
cake  colours,  mixed  with  water,  are  also  used. 

Colours  for  Confctioxees.  Many  fatal  accidents  occur 
from  confectionery  being  coloured  with  poisonous  pig- 
ments. The  following  may  be  safely  used:  Cochineal 
and  its  preparations,  sap  green,  vegetable  lakes,  I'russian 
blue ;  a  mixture  of  a  yellow  lake  and  Prussian  blue  for 
green. 

CoLOUEiNG  foe  Bhandy,  &c.  Sugar  melted  in  a  ladle 
till  it  is  brown,  and  then  dissolved  in  water  or  lime- 
water. 

Colours  foe  Liqueurs.  Pink  is  given  by  cochineal ;  yellow 
by  saffron  or  safflower  ;  violet  by  litmus  ;  blue,  by  sulphate 
of  indigo,  saturated  with  chalk ;  green,  by  the  last  with 
tincture  of  saffron,  or  by  sap  green. 

Colours  for  Leathee.  See  Bookbindeb's  staixs,  further 
back. 

Colours,  Improved  Vehicles  foe.  1.  One  measure  of 
saturated  solution  of  borax,  with  4  of  linseed  oil.  The 
pigment  may  be  ground  with  the  oil,  or  the  mixture. 

2.  A  solution  of  shell-lac  with  borax,  as  in  making 
Coathupe's  Writing  Fluid.     See  Ink. 

3.  Water  colours,  mixed  with  gelatine,  and  afterwards 
fixed  by  washing  with  a  solution  of  alum. 

4.  Curd  of  milk,  washed  and  pressed,  then  dried  on 
fine  net,  and  when  required  for  use,  mixed  with  water  and 
the  colouring  matter. 

Condt's  Fluid.  (Patent.)  The  green  fluid  appears  to 
contain  the  manganates,  the  red  fluid  the  permanganates, 
of  soda  and  potash.  The  latt<?r  is  said  to  be  double  the 
strength  of  the  Liquor  PofasscB  Permanganafis,  B.  P. 
Condy's  "  Ozonized  Water "  is  a  weaker  solution  of  the 
permanganates,  "  for  toilet  purposes." 

Copper,  Oxide  of.  The  black  oxide  is  made  by  caL  ining 
the  nitrate  ;  or  by  adding  caustic  potash  to  sulphate  of 
copper,  in  solution,  and  washing  and  drying  the  preci- 
pitate. The  red  oxido  may  be  made  as  directed  for 
Bronze  Powder,  No.  4,  or  in  the  moist  way,  thus  :  Pour  a 
solutioji  of  27  parts  of  sugar  in  60  of  water,  over  9  parts 
of  hydrated  oxide  of  copper,  weighed  in  its  compressed 


kisCELLANEOUS    PHEPAEATIONS  341 

but  still  moist  state.  A  solution  of  18  parts  of  caustic 
potash  in  60  of  water  is  added,  and  the  whole  agitated 
together  without  heat,  and  filtered.  The  clear  liquid 
heated  in  a  warm  bath,  and  continually  stirred,  deposits 
the  red  oxide,  and  the  liquid  becomes  colourless. 

NiTKATE  OF  Copper.  Dissolve  copper  in  nitric  acid  to 
saturation,  evaporate  to  dryness,  redissolve,  filter,  aiid 
evaporate,  so  that  the  salt  may  crystallize.  Or  add  a 
solution  of  sulphate  of  copper  to  a  solution  of  nitrate  of 
lead,  so  long  as  sulphate  of  lead  is  precipitated;  filter, 
evaporate,  and  crystallize.  For  the  other  salts  of  copper, 
see  Cuprum,  Pocket  Formulary. 

CosMOiiN.     See  Vaselix,  further  on. 

Cotton  Powdeh.     See  Gun  Cotton. 

Ceatons  for  Writing  on  Glass.  Fuse  in  a  cup  4  parts  of 
spermaceti,  3  of  tallow,  and  2  of  wax  ;  stir  in  6  parts  of 
minium,  and  1  of  potash  ;  keep  warm  for  half  an  hour,  and 
then  pour  into  glass  tubes  of  the  thickness  of  a  lead  pencil. 
If  cooled  rapidly,  the  mass  may  be  screwed  up  and  down 
in  the  tube,  and  cut  at  the  end  to  a  fine  point.  The  glass 
to  be  written  on  must  be  clean  and  dry. 

Cyanide  of  Potassium.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Depilatories.     See  Hair  Cosmetics,  further  back. 

Dextrin,  or  Starch  Gum.  Heat  4  gallons  of  water  in  a 
water-bath  to  between  77'  and  86°  Fahrenheit;  stir  in  1^ 
or  2  lbs.  finely  ground  malt ;  raise  the  temperature  to  140^, 
add  10  lbs.  of  potato  or  other  starch  :  mix  all  thoroughly, 
raise  the  heat  to  158°,  and  keep  it  between  that  and  167°, 
for  20  or  30  minutes.  When  the  liquor  becomes  thin, 
instantly  raise  the  heat  to  the  boiling  point,  to  prevent 
the  formation  of  sugar.  Strain  the  liquor,  and  evaporate 
it  to  dryness,  as  the  dextrin  will  not  keep  long  in  a  liquid 
form.  Another  method  is  to  boil  solution  of  starch  with 
a  few  drops  of  sulphuric  acid,  to  filter  the  solution,  and 
to  add  alcohol  to  throw  down  the  dextrin.  See  Gum 
[Beitish]  for  another  form  of  dextrin. 

Dextrin  Vaenish.  Dextrin  2  parts,  water  6  parts,  recti- 
fied spirit  1  part. — Baron  de  Stlvestre. 

Diastase.  Macerate  ground  malt  in  cold  water ;  strain 
with  pressure ;  heat  the  clear  solution  in  a  M'ater-bath  to 
158°  Fahrenheit  to  coagulate  the  albumen ;  filter  again. 


342  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

and  add  rectified  spirit  as  long  as  diastase  falls.  If  re- 
quired very  pure,  redissolve  it  in  water,  and  again  pre- 
cipitate with  spirit.  Dry  it  at  a  low  temperature.  Well- 
malted  barley  contains  about  1  per  cent,  of  pure  diastase  ; 
one  part  of  which  is  capable  of  converting  2000  parts  of 
starch  into  dextrin  or  sugar. 

Dietetic  Articles.  For  these  see  another  division  of  the 
work. 

Disinfecting  and  Deodoeizing  Compounds.  1.  Sir  Wm. 
Bfenett's  Patent  Solution.  It  is  made  by  dissolving 
zinc  in  commercial  hydrochloric  acid  to  saturation. 

2.  Ellerman's  Deodorizing  Fluid.  This  consists  chiefly 
of  perchlorides  and  chlorides  of  iron  and  manganese.  lii 
a  report  addressed  to  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  in 
1859,  Drs.  Hoffman  and  Frankland  stated  that  the  per- 
chloride  of  iron  was  the  cheapest  and  most  eiiicient 
deodorizer  that  could  be  applied  to  sewage :  ^  gallon 
deodorized  7500  gallons  of  sewage.  1  bushel  of  lime,  or  3 
lbs.  of  chloride  of  lime,  would  do  the  same. 

3.  Ledoyen's  Solution.  This  is  a  solution  of  nitrate 
of  lead,  and  contains  about  20  oz.  of  the  salt  in  a  gallon. 
The  specific  gravity  should  be  1'40.  A  similar  compound 
may  be-  made  by  mixing  13J  oz.,  of  litharge  with  6  pints 
of  watei-,  and  adding  12  oz.  of  nitric  acid  at  1"38  specific 
gravity  (or  8  oz.  at  1-50) ;  and  digesting  at  a  gentle  heat 
till  the  solution  is  complete. 

4.  S  [REt's  ComiJOiind.  Sulphate  of  iron  20  lbs.,  sulphate 
of  zinc  3  J  lbs.,  wood  or  peat  charcoal  1  lb.,  sulphate  of  lime 
26g  lbs. ;  mix,  and  form  into  balls.  To  be  placed  in  cess- 
pools, &c.,  to  deodorize  them.  M.  Siret  has  subsequently 
modified  this  compound,  thus  :  Sulphate  of  iron  100  parts, 
sulphate  of  zinc  50,  tan  or  oak-bark  powder  40,  tar  5,  and 
oil  5  parts. 

5.  Collins'  Disinfecting  Poivder.  Mix  2  parts  of  dry 
chloride  of  lime  with  1  of  burnt  alum.  To  be  set  in 
shallow  dishes  in  rooms,  &c.,  with  or  without  the  addition 
of  water. 

6.  Calvert's  Powder.  Carbolic  acid  (20  to  30  per 
cent.),  alinnina,  and  silica. 

7.  M'Doitgal's  Poioder.     Carbolate  of  lime  33  parts, 


MISCELLANEOUS   PBEPAEATIONS  343 

sulphate  of  magnesia  59  parts,  water  8  parts.  These 
powders  can  he  sprinkled  ahout  a  room,  thrown  on  sewage, 
or  dissolved  in  water  and  so  applied. 

8.  Sanitas.  The  efficacy  of  this  disinfectant  depends, 
we  helieve,  upon  its  property  of  evolving  peroxide  of 
hydrogen  and  camphoric  acid. 

9.  Condy's  Disinfecting  Fluids.     See  hack. 

10.  [See  also  Chloride  of  Lime,  Chloride  of  Soda, 
Acid  Salicylic,  Chloealum,  further  hack.  Peat  char- 
coal also  possesses  powerful  deodorizing  properties.] 

Foot  Powder.  M.  Patjlcke  prepares  a  mixture  of  salicylic 
acid,  soap,  talc,  and  starch  in  the  form  of  powder,  to  be 
applied  to  the  feet,  which,  whilst  rendering  them  firm,  is 
said  to  induce  an  agreeable  softness,  and  to  remove  all 
unpleasant  smell  arising  from  perspiration. 

Dubbing,  Cueriees'.  Made  by  boiling  cuttings  of  sheep- 
skins in  common  cod-oil. 

Dryers  for  Painters.  Wliite  copperas  1  lb.,  sugar  of  lead 
1  lb.,  wliite  lead  2  lbs. ;  ground  with  boiled  oil. 

Drying  and  Boiled  Oil.  Linseed  oil  is  mixed  with 
powdered  litharge,  and  heated  till  it  becomes  thick.  A 
pale  drying  oil  is  obtained  by  mixing  with  linseed  oil,  suffi- 
cient dry  sulphate  of  lead  to  form  a  milky  liquid,  and 
shaking  it  repeatedly  for  some  days,  letting  it  stand 
exposed  to  the  light.  When  it  has  become  quite  clear,  it 
may  be  poured  off  from  the  dregs.  The  sulphate  of  lead, 
when  washed  from  the  mucilage,  may  be  again  used  for 
the  same  purpose.  Liebig  directs  1  lb.  of  acetate  of  lead 
to  be  dissolved  in  half  a  gallon  of  rain-water,  and  1  lb.  of 
finely  powdered  litharge  added  :  the  mixture  is  either 
boiled,  or  exposed  for  a  longer  time  to  a  moderate  heat, 
and  frequently  stirred,  till  no  more  particles  of  litharge 
can  be  seen.  A  white  deposit  is  formed,  which  may  be 
left  in  the  liquid  or  separated  by  filtration  ;  20  lbs.  of 
linseed  oil,  in  which  1  lb.  of  levigated  litharge  has  been 
diffused,  are  gradually  added  to  the  lead  solution,  pre- 
viously diluted  with  an  equal  bulk  of  water,  and  the 
mixture  frequently  stirred.  It  is  then  left  to  clear  itself 
in  a  warm  place";  but  to  obtain  it  bright  it  must  be 
filtered    through    coarse    paper    or    cotton.      It   may  be 


344  lEADE   CHEMICALS 

bleached  by  exposure  to  the  sun.  Tlie  lead  solution 
which  subsides  from  the  mixture  m.ay  be  filtered  and 
used  again,  after  dissolving  it  in  1  lb.  of  litharge  as  before. 
The  oxide  of  lead  contained  in  the  oil  may  be  removed 
from  it  by  agitating  it  with  diluted  sulphuric  acid,  and 
letting  it  stand  to  settle.  See  also  Oils  (Linseed  Oil, 
refined). 

DupuYTREx's  Pomade.     See  Haie  CosiiETics,  after  Per- 

FtlMERT. 

Dyes  and  Compouxds  tjsed  in  Dyeixg.  A  few  of  the 
principal  colouring  matters  and  mordants  may  here  be 
noticed ;  for  further  information,  the  reader  is  referred  to 
Dr.  Ure's  'Dictionary  of  the  Arts,'  Calvert's  'Dyeing 
and  Calico  Printing,'  Crooke's  '  Handbook  of  Dyeing  and 
Calico  Printing.' 

Blue  Dyes.  The  most  important  of  these  is  indigo.  Being 
insoluble  in  water,  it  is  prepared  for  use  by  sulphate  of 
iron,  and  alkalies,  or  lime,  by  fermentation  and  alkalies,  and 
by  solution  in  sulphuric  acid. 

1.  Triturate  1  lb,  of  indigo  with  water  and  a  little  caustic 
potash;  then  add  3  lbs.  of  lime,  and  afterwards  2\  lbs.  of 
sulphate  of  iron  in  solution,  stirring  them  well  together. 
The  solution  contains  refined  indigo,  which  is  soluble 
in  lime  and  alkalies.  The  cotton,  linen,  &c.,  to  be 
dyed  is  repeatedly  dipped  in  the  solution,  and  afterwards 
rinsed  in  water  soured  with  hydrochloric  acid. 

2.  To  45  or  50  gallons  of  water,  heated  to  122°  P., 
add  12  oz.,  of  indigo,  8  oz.  of  madder,  8  oz.  of  bran,  and 
24  oz.  of  potash.  In  36  hours  introduce  12  oz.  more  of 
potash,  and  the  same  in  12  hours  after.  In  72  hours,  add 
a  little  lime  to  check  the  fermentation.  Wool,  silk,  linen 
and  cotton  may  be  dyed  in  this  bath.  Another  form  of 
this  dye  is — Indigo  2  parts,  common  soda  5  parts,  lime  2 
l»rts,  clarified  honey  1  part,  water  as  much  as  may  be 
sufiicient.  Keep  it  warm  in  an  earthen  jar  till  the  indigo 
is  dissolved. 

4.  A  solution  of  indigo  in  sulphuric  acid  (see  Chemic 
PLrE)  is  used  as  a  dye,  but  a  purer  tone  of  colour  is 
obtained  by  the  following  method  :  The  sulphate  of  indigo, 
mixed  with  water,  is  heated  in  a  copper  kettle;  wool  is 


MISCELLANEOUS    PEEPARATIONS  345 

immersed  in  it,  and  the  whole  is  allowed  to  cool  for  21 
hours.  The  wool  is  then  taken  out,  waslied  till  the  water 
comes  off  colourless  and  free  from  acid ;  it  is  then  boiled 
in  water  containing  about  2  per  cent,  of  pearlash,  or  other 
alkaline  carbonate,  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  Tlie  quantity 
of  pearlash  should  be  equal  to  one  third  the  weight  of  the 
indigo. 

Logwood,  with  verdigris,  or  sulphate  of  copper,  gives  a  blue 
dye,  bordering  on  violet :   with  alum  and  tartar,  a  violet. 

Prussian  Blue  is  sometimes  used  in  dyeing,  after  being 
triturated  and  digested  for  24  hours  with  its  weight  of 
hydrochloric  acid.  A  blue  is  also  given  by  iunnersing  silk, 
&c.,  in  a  solution  of  peracetate  of  iron,  then  in  a  solution 
of  prussiate  of  potash,  and  afterwards  rinsing  it  in  acidu- 
lated water.  Boiling  water  is  sufficient  to  discolour  articles 
thus  dyed. 

Hed  Dyes.  The  various  shades  of  red  are  given  by  madder, 
cochineal,  lac  dye,  saffiower,  &c. ;  fixed  by  albuminous  or 
tin  mordants.  Less  permanent  dyes  are  produced  by 
Brazil  wood,  peach  wood,  and  archil.  Some  of  these 
require  peculiar  treatment.  Saffiower  contains  a  yellow 
as  well  as  a  red  colouring  matter.  Tlie  first,  being 
soluble  in  cold  water,  is  extracted  by  putting  the  saffiower 
in  a  bag  and  kneading  it  inider  water.  The  saffiowei', 
thus  deprived  of  the  yellow  matter,  yields  its  red  colour 
to  alkaline  liquids  :  at  the  time  of  using  which,  lemon 
juice  or  some  other  acid  is  added  sufficient  to  saturate  the 
alkali.  Pink  saucers  are  made  l)y  adding  lemon  juice 
to  an  alkaline  infusion  of  washed  saffiower  aiul  allowing 
the  colouring  to  deposit.  Madder  also  contains  a  duu 
colouring  matter  which  deteriorates  the  red  iniless  pre- 
viously removed.  This  may  be  partially  effected  by 
\\'ashing  it  in  cold  water :  another  mode  is  to  treat  the 
madder  with  its  own  weight  of  sulphuric  acid,  which 
carbonizes  the  other  matters,  but  leaves  the  red  colour 
uninjured.  As  nuidder  gives  out  but  little  of  its  red 
colouring  matter  to  water,  the  decoction  is  not  sti'aincd 
off,  but  the  madder  left  in  the  bath.  With  acetate  of  iron, 
madder  yields  a  purple  tuit.  Lac  dye,  as  imported  from 
India,  requires  acids  for  its  solution.  See  Lac  Spirit, 
further  on. 


346  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

Yellow  Dyes.  These  are  given  by  French  berries,  quer- 
citron bark,  turmeric,  weld,  yellow  wood,  &c.  Also  by 
some  mineral  colours,  as  the  following  :  Tlie  material 
to  be  dyed  is  first  padded  in  a  solution  of  bichromate 
of  potash  (8  oz.  to  a  gallon  of  water),  then  in  a  solution 
of  acetate  or  nitrate  of  lead.  Cotton  is  dyed  yellow  by 
alternate  dippings  in  iron  liquor  and  lime  water,  or 
solution  of  jjearlash.  A  yellow  colour  is  given  to  silk  by 
passing  it  through  a  mixture  of  equal  measures  of 
nitric  acid  (sp.  gr.  1'288)  and  water,  heated  to  95°  or  100° 
Fahrenheit,  and  from  thence  into  a  stream  of  water,  or  a 
mixture  of  chalk  and  water.     This  is  termed  mandarining. 

Nankeen  Dye  is  made  by  boiling  annotto  with  an  equal 
weight  of  pearlash  in  sufficient  water.  Orange  is  given 
by  annotto ;  or  by  a  mixture  of  red  and  yellow  dyes ;  or 
by  the  successive  application  of  acetate  of  alumina,  a  bath 
of  quercitron,  and  the  madder-bath. 

Greens  are  given  to  woollens  by  first  dyeing  them  blue, 
immersing  the  article  in  acetate  of  alumina,  drying  it, 
and  finally  immersing  it  iii  a  quercitron-bath.  For  silks, 
the  order  is  reversed. 

Browns  are  given  by  catechu,  by  walnut-peels  with  alum, 
by  redwood  and  copperas,  by  madder  and  black  dye,  &c. 

Drabs  are  give  by  fustic  with  iron  liquor. 

Blacks.  These  are  given  by  salts  of  iron,  with  galls,  smnach, 
and  logwood.  The  best  black  cloths  are  pre\'iously  dyed 
blue  with  indigo. 

By  the  mixture  of  various  dyes,  every  variety  of  shade 
is  produced :  and  often  several  tints  from  one  colouring 
matter  by  the  use  of  different  mordants. 

(The  beautiful  new  dyes  of  the  Aniline  series,  Mauve, 
Magenta,  Artificial  Alizarine,  Aniline  Blue,  Violet  Impe- 
rial, Aurine,  &c.,  are  obtained  fi'om  coal-tar  by  various 
patented  processes.) 

Mordants  are  earthy  and  metallic  compounds,  the  bases  of 
which  unites  both  with  the  fibres  of  the  material  to  be 
dyed  and  the  colouring  matter,  thus  rendering  the  dyes 
fixed.  In  calico  printing,  the  mordants  are  formed  into  a 
a  paste  Mith  some  gum  or  other  thickening  material,  and 
printed  with  wooden  blocks  on  the  cloth ;  which,  after 
being  dried,  &c.,  is  passed  through  the  liquid  dyes.     The 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  347 

colouring  mattei*  combines  with  the  parts  so  printed,  but 
is  easily  discharged  from  the  other  parts. 

The  principal  Mordants  are  the  following : — 
Ahim  Mordants.     1.  Alum  with  one  fourth  its  weiglit  of 
tartar. 

2.  Acetate  of  Alumina.  (See  further  back.)  This  is 
commmonly  prepared  in  solution  for  the  purpose ;  100 
parts  of  alum  in  solution,  with  150  parts  of  pyrolignite 
of  lime  of  20°  B.  density,  is  sometimes  employed. 

3.  A  solution  of  alum,  with  crytallized  carbonate  of 
soda,  in  the  proportion  of  1  oz.  to  each  pound  of  alum. 

4.  Hatjsmann's.  This  consists  of  a  solution  of  alum 
with  sufficient  strong  solution  of  caustic  potash  to  re- 
dissolve  the  precipitated  alumina;  to  which  mixtm'e  a 
portion  of  luiseed  oil  is  added. 

5.  To  50  gallons  of  boiling  water  add  100  lbs.  of  alum ; 
dissolve,  and  add  slowly  10  lbs.  of  crystrallized  carbonate 
of  soda.  "Wlien  the  effervescence  is  over,  add  75  lbs.  of 
sugar  of  lead. 

Tin  Mordants.  1.  ProtocMoride  of  Tin.  To  strong  hydro- 
chloric acid,  add  gradually  small  pieces  of  grain  tin  till  no 
more  is  dissolved.  It  may  be  obtained  in  crystals  liy 
evaporation.  In  redissolviug  them,  it  is  necessary  to  add 
to  the  water  a  few  drops  of  hydrochloric  acid. 

2.  Nitro-muriate,  or  Perchloride  of  Tin.  Mix  1  mea- 
sure of  nitric  acid  with  4  of  hydrochloric  acid,  and  add  tin 
in  small  quantities  as  long  as  any  is  dissolved.  Or  mix 
4  oz.  of  hydi'ochloric  with  1  of  nitric  acid  and  1  of  water  ; 
dissolve  in  it,  by  small  portions  at  a  time,  2  drachms  of 
grain  tin. 

3.  Aqua  fortis  (or  equal  parts  of  nitric  acid  and  water) 
8  parts,  sal  ammoniac  1  part ;  mix,  and  add  gradually  1 
part,  or  as  much  as  it  will  dissolve,  of  grain  tin. 

4.  Dr.  Banceoft's  Murio-stdphate  of  Tin.  Digest  2 
parts  of  tm  with  3  of  strong  hydrochloric  acid  for  an  hour. 
Add  very  cautiously  1^  part  of  oil  of  vitriol.  Keep  iip  the 
heat  as  long  as  hydrogen  is  evolved ;  on  cooling,  it  crystal- 
lizes. Dissolve  this  salt  in  water,  so  as  to  form  a  solution 
containing  1  part  of  tin  in  8. 

5.  New  Tin  Crystals.  Add  3  lbs.  of  sal  ammoniac  to  a 
gallon  of  solution  of  tin ;  evaporate,  and  crystallize. 


848  l^ADS;    CUEMICALS 

6.  Mordant  for  Lac  Dye.  Mix  27  lbs.  of  hydrochloric 
acid  with  1^  lb.  of  nitric  acid  (sp.  gr.  1-19),  put  it  into  a 
stone  bottle,  and  add  tin  in  small  bits  till  4  lbs.  are  dis- 
solved. 

7.  Stannate  of  Soda.  Digest  litharge  36  parts,  or 
niiniuni  27  parts,  in  a  metallic  vessel,  with  a  soda  ley  of 
1-35  dens. ;  when  dissolved,  8  parts  of  tin  in  grains  arc 
gradually  added.  The  lead  separates  at  once  in  a  spongy 
state,  and  the  solution  of  stannate  of  soda  may  be  de- 
canted. 

Lac  Spirit,  used  as  a  Solvent  for  lac  dye,  in  preference  to 
hydrochloric  acid  alone,  is  thus  made  :  Add  gradually  3  lbs. 
of  tin  to  60  lbs.  of  hydrochloric  acid.  Digest  |  lb.  of  this 
solvent  on  each  pound  of  the  dye  for  6  hours.  Plum  or 
puce  spirit,  peach  spirit,  and  grain  or  scarlet  spirit,  are 
names  given  by  dyers  to  different  solutions  of  tin  employed 
in  dyeing  these  colours.  For  scarlet,  the  nitro-hydi-ochloric 
solutions  (Nos.  2  and  3,  above)  are  used. 

Iron  Liquor.  Scraps  of  iron  are  placed  in  casks  or  other 
vessels,  and  covered  with  rectified  raw  pyroligneous  acid. 
There  are  usually  a  series  of  vessels,  through  which  the 
solution  is  successively  passed  till  it  is  fully  satm-ated. 

[To  produce  good  and  permanent  dyes,  several  successive 
processes  are  required,  which  cannot  be  described  here. 
In  domestic  dyeing,  for  trifling  articles,  the  dye  and 
mordant  are  often  boiled  together,  and  tlie  silk,  &c.,  im- 
mersed in  the  liquid.  The  following  are  some  examples  : 
Crimson. — Boil  1  oz.  Brazil-wood,  with  1  dr.  of  alum 
and  I  dr.  of  cream  of  tartar  in  a  quart  of  wat€r.  Furjjie, 
or  Lilac. — Archil  1  oz.  (or  cudbear  1  oz.),  pearlash  1  dr., 
hot  water  a  cpiart.  Base,  or  Flesh  Colour.— Fink  saucers, 
with  a  little  lemon-juice,  will  be  found  convenient.  Violet. 
— Boil  4  oz.  of  logwood  with  1  oz.  alum  and  ^  oz  of  tartar 
ill  a  quart  of  water.  Blue. — Add  to  tlie  water  as  nmch 
sulphate  of  indigo  (chemic  blue)  as  will  give  it  the  re- 
quired colour.  Or  one  of  the  other  solutions  of  indigo 
(see  back)  may  be  used.  Yellow.— lid\\  2  oz.  of  turmeric, 
or  4  oz.  quercitron,  or  a  drachm  of  saffron,  with  ^  oz  of 
alum,  in  a  quart  of  water.  Green.— KM  to  the  yellow 
dye,  sufficient  chemic  blue  to  render  it  green.  Ease-red, 
for  silk. — Put  your  silk  into  a  hot  solution  of  alum  and 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPARATT0N3  849 

tartar ;  then  into  a  hot  decoction  of  madder.  Scarlet,  for 
silk. — Dye  it  yellow  with  s-ifpron  and  ahnn ;  then  put  it 
into  a  decoction  of  cochineal  and  madder.  Black. — Boil 
1  oz  of  logwood,  5  oz.  snmach,  and  1  dr.  of  cojiperas,  in 
4  pints  of  water.  Buff. — Boil  1  oz.  of  fustic,  1  dr.  of 
alum,  in  4  pints  of  water.] 

Eau  de  Javelle.     See  Chloride  oe  Potash. 

Eggs,  to  Presekte.  Jatne's  Liquid  (expii-ed  patent)  is 
thus  made  : — Take  a  hushel  of  lime,  2  lbs.  of  salt,  i  lb.  of 
cream  of  tartar,  and  water  sufficient  to  form  a  solution 
strong  enough  to  float  an  egg.  In  this  liquid,  it  is  stated 
eggs  may  be  preserved  for  two  years.  Eggs  may  be  pre- 
served for  several  months  if  rubbed  over  with  linseed  oil 
or  poppy  oil. 

Elaine.     See  Oleine. 

Electric  Tissue.  Steep  linen  or  cotton  in  a  mixture  of  1  part 
of  strong  sulphuric  acid,  and  3  of  pure  nitric  acid,  for  an 
hour.  Squeeze  out  the  acid,  wash  with  water  until  no 
sensible  acidity  remains,  plunge  it  in  a  weak  alkaline 
solution,  then  in  water,  and  dry.  By  friction  it  yields  a 
large  quantity  of  resinous  electricity. 

Electro-brassixg.  Mr.  Watt.  Dissolve  powdered  acetate 
of  copper,  5  oz.,  in  \  gallon  of  water ;  add  1  pint  of  liquid 
ammonia;  dissolve  sulphate  of  zinc,  10  oz.,  in  1  gallon 
of  water,  at  180'^  F.,  and  when  cool,  add  liquid  ammonia 
1  pint ;  dissolve  potash,  4^  lbs.,  in  1  gallon  of  water ; 
lastly,  cyanide  of  potassium,  8oz.,  in  1  gallon  of  hot  water. 
Now  mi.v  in  the  following  order  :  add  the  copper  solution 
to  the  zinc,  and  then  the  potash  and  cyanide,  digest  for  an 
hour  or  so,  add  water  to  make  up  8  gallons.  AVork  with 
a  brass  anode  and  active  battery  power,  adding  occasion- 
ally a  little  more  ammonia  and  cyanide. 

Blectro-bronzing.  Brunel's  Patent.  Dissolve  chloride 
of  copper,  1  lb.,  in  water  5  gallon,  then  carbonate  of  potash, 
25  lbs.,  in  water  6  gallons  ;  and  sulphate  of  zinc,  2  lbs.,  in 
hot  water  ^  gallon.  Mix  the  solutions  :  add  nitrate  of 
ammonia,  I25  lbs. ;  stir,  and  add  water  to  20  gallons. 
Work  with  an  anode  of  brass  and  an  active  battery  of  two 
or  more  cells.  Add  occasionally  some  liquid  ammonia 
and  cyanide  of  potassium.  These  will  prevent  incrusta- 
tions on  the  anode. 


350  ,TEADE    CHEMICALS 

Electeo-coppering,  for  Iron  or  Zinc.  The  article  must 
first  be  well  cleaned,  and  '  pickled '  in  dilute  acid.  Then 
dissoh'e  sulphate  of  copper,  2  oz.,  in  boiling  rain-water ; 
when  cold  add  carbonate  of  potash,  4  oz.,  and  liquid 
ammonia  2  oz.  A  precipitate  forms,  which  is  redissolved. 
Add  cyanide  of  potassium  (6  oz.)  until  all  the  ^blue  colour 
disappears.  Make  up  to  1  gallon,  and  work  with  a  two- 
cell  battery.  The  surface  obtained  may  be  bronzed.  (See 
back,  Bronzing  Liquids.) 

Electro-gilding.     See  Gilding,  further  on. 

Electro-silveeing.     See  Silvering,  further  on. 

Electrotype  Moitlds.  These  are  sometimes  made  with 
fusible  metals ;  sometimes  with  non-metallic  compounds, 
having  their  surface  covered  with  a  conducting  substance. 
The  fusible  metal  is  composed  of  8  parts  of  bismuth,  3  of 
tin,  and  5  of  lead.  The  French  cHchee  moulds  consist  of 
8  parts  of  bismuth,  4  of  tin,  5  of  lead,  and  i  of  antimony. 
These  are  repeatedly  melted  together  till  perfectly  mixed ; 
and  after  being  poured  out  on  a  suitable  surface,  are  well 
stirred,  and  the  medal  forcibly  pressed  on  the  compound  at 
the  moment  it  is  about  to  become  solid.  Composition 
3Ioulds  are  made  with  8  oz.  of  spermaceti.  If  oz.  of  white 
wax,  and  the  same  of  strained  mutton  suet.  These  are 
melted  together,  and  a  little  fine  plumbago  or  flake-white, 
stirred  in.  To  copy  plaster  casts,  the  cast  is  set  in  a 
plate  of  hot  water,  -n-ith  its  face  above  the  water,  till  it  has 
absorbed  water ;  it  is  then  surrounded  with  a  ring  of  card- 
board, and  the  melted  composition  poured  on  it.  The 
composition  mould  requires  to  be  brushed  over  with  finely 
powdered  genuine  black-lead. 

Electrotype  Moulds.  Elastic.  [For  copying  medals 
when  the  figures  are  in  high  relief]  To  12  parts  of  care- 
fully melted  glue,  add  3  parts  of  treacle,  and  incorporate 
them  perfectly.  Gtitta  Percha  Moulds  are  made  by  soften- 
ing a  piece  of  gutta-percha  by  warm  water  (150°  to  160°) 
and  pressing  the  metal  into  it  by  a  screw.  See  Solu- 
tions. 

Engravings,  Process  foe  Cleaning.  Put  the  engraving 
on  a  smooth  board,  and  cover  it  thinly  with  common  salt, 
finely  powdered ;  pour  and  squeeze  lemon-juice  upon  this 
salt,  so  as  to  dissolve  a  consideralile  portion  of  it.     Now 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPABATIONS  351 

elevate  one  end  of  the  board,  that  it  may  form  an  angle  of 
about  45°  with  the  horizon.  Pour  lastly  on  the  engraving, 
boiling  water  from  a  tea-kettle,  until  the  salt  and  lemon- 
juice  are  all  washed  off  j  the  engravingjwill  then  appear 
perfectly  clean,  and  free  from  stains.  It  must  be  dried 
gradually,  on  the  same  board,  or  on  some  smooth  surface. — 
Francis. 

Engbating  mixtuee,  foe  Writing  on  Steel.  Sulphate 
of  copper  1  oz.,  sal  auunoniac  i  oz.  Pulverize  separately, 
adding  a  little  vermillion  to  colour  it,  and  mis  with  1^  oz. 
of  vinegar.  Rub  the  steel  with  soft  soap,  and  write  with 
a  clean  hard  pen,  without  a  slit,  dipped  in  the  mixture. 

Essence  of  Jargonelle  Pear.  Acetate  of  amylene  is 
sold  under  this  name.  It  is  made  by  distilling  a  mixture 
of  1  part  of  oil  of  grain,  2  of  acetate  of  potash,  and  1  of 
oil^  of  vitriol.  Wash  the  diluted  liquid  with  alkaline  water, 
agitate  with  dry  chloride  of  calcium,  and  redistil  it  from 
litharge. 

Essence  of  Pine  Apple.     See  Butyric  Ether. 

[For  Perfumed  Essences,  see  Peefumeet,  For 
CuLiNAEY  Essences,  see  further  back.] 

Etching  Fluids.  For  Lithograiihy.  Dissolve  3  oz.  of 
fused  chloride  of  calcium  in  9^  oz.  of  water,  add  to  the 
solution  2  oz.  of  gum  arabic,  and  1  oz  of  pure  hydrochloric 
acid. — Chevalliee. 

For  Copper.     1.  Aqua  fortis  2  oz.,  water  5  oz. ;  mix. 

2.  Iodine  2  parts,  iodide  of  potassium  5  parts,  water  5 
to  8  parts. 

3.  Callot's  Fau  Forte,  for  Fine  Touches.  Dissolve  4 
parts  each  of  verdigris,  alum,  sea-salt,  and  sal  ammoniac, 
in  8  parts  of  vinegar ;  add  16  parts  of  water,  Ijoil  for  a 
minute,  and  let  it  cool. 

For  Steel.  1.  Iodine  1  oz.,  iron  filings  ^  drachm,  water  4 
oz. ;  digest  till  the  iron  is  dissolved. 

2.  Pyi'oligneous  acid  4  parts  by  measiire,  alcohol  1  part ; 
mix,  and  add  1  part  of  double  aqua  fortis  (sp.  gr.  1-28). 
Apply  it  from  1^  to  fifteen  minutes. 

3.  Mix  10  i«rts  of  jnire  hydrochloric  acid,  70  of  dis- 
tilled water,  and  a  solution  of  2  parts  of  chlorate  of  potash 
in  20  of  water.  Dilute  before  using  with  from  100  to  200 
parts  of  water.    See  Engravings,  Photographic. 


352  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

Etching  Varnishes.  1.  White  wax  2  oz.,  aspliiiltum  2  oz., 
melt  the  wax  in  a  clean  pipkin,  add  the  asphaltum  in 
powder,  and  boil  to  a  proijer  consistence.  Pour  it  into 
warm  water,  and  form  it  into  balls,  which  must  be  kneaded, 
and  put  into  tafPeta  for  use. 

2.  White  wax  2  oz..  Burgundy  pitch  and  black  pitch 
each  i  oz. ;  melt  together,  and  add  by  degrees  2  oz.  of 
asphaltum  in  powder,  and  boil  till  a  drop  cooled  on  a  plate 
becomes  brittle. 

3.  Equal  quantities  of  linseed  oil  and  mastic,  melted 
together. 

Fats,  to  obviate  Eancidity  in.  Add  oil  of  pimento  or 
balsam  of  peru,  2  drops  to  the  ounce  of  lard  or  other  fat. 
—Mr.  T.  B.  Groves. 

Filtering  Powder.  Fullers'  earth  washed,  dried,  and 
coarsely  powdered ;  mixed  with  prepared  bono  black  (see 
Charcoai,  Animal)  coarsely  powdered. 

Filter  for  Corrosive  Liquids.  Powdered  glass  or  asbes- 
tos, or  gun-cotton  loosely  packed  in  the  neck  of  a  funnel. 

Finings,  for  Gin.  Carbonate  of  potash  4  oz.,  roche 
alum  8  oz.  Brewers'  finings  consist  of  isinglass  dissolved 
in  stale  beer. 

Fires,   to   Extinottish.     Dr.   Clanny's  Solution  consists 

of  5   oz.    of    sal  ammoniac    to   a  gallon   of  water.     The 

.compound    used  in  Phillips's  Fire  Annihilator  is  said  to 

consist  of  dried  jirussiate  of  potash,  sugar,  and  chlorate  of 

potash. 

Fires,  COLorHED.  The  ingredients  for  these  compounds 
must  be  dry,  not  too  finely  powdered,  and  mixed  very 
uniformly.  The  nitrate  of  strontian  requires  to  be  gently 
heated  in  an  iron  pan  till  its  falls  to  powder.  The 
ingredients  should  always  be  reduced  to  powder  separately, 
and  mixed  very  lightly  with  the  other  powders;  the 
whole  must  then  be  passed  through  a  sieve  once  or  twice. 
Great  caution  is  required  when  dealing  with  chlorate  of 
potash. 

White  Fires.  1.  Nitre  30,  sulphur  10,  black  antimony  5 ; 
mix. 

2.  Nitre  48,  sulphur  13i,  black  antimony  5  parts ;  mix. 

3.  Nitre  12,  sul^jhur  16,  black  antimony  4,  charcoal  j, 
white  arsenic  ^  ;  mix. 


MISCELLAKEOUS   PEEPAl^ATIONS  853 

4.  Nitre  46^,  sulphur  23,  meal  powder  12i-,  ziuc  filings 
18. 

5.  For  stars.  Nitre  57,  sulplnu-  28,  zinc  filings  15. 
Blue  and  Purple  Fires.     1.  Chlorate  of  potash  9,  dried  ver- 
digris 2,  sulphur  1  oz. ;  mix. 

2.  Nitre  12,  sulphur  16,  black  antimony  4,  charcoal  i, 
orpiment  i. 

3.  Chlorate  of  potash  9,  sulphur  12,  refiner's  blue  ver- 
diter  3  oz.  ,•  mix. 

4.  Purple.  Chlorate  of  potash  5,  nitrate  of  strontian 
16,  realgar  1,  sulphur  2,  lamp  black  1 ;  mix. 

5.  Nitre  5,  sulphur  2,  metallic  antimony  1 ;  mix. 

6.  Purple.  Chlorate  of  potash  2  oz.,  sulphur  1  drachm, 
oxide  of  copper  1  oz. ;  mix. 

7.  Violet.  Chlorate  of  potash  1  di:,  pure  copper  i  dr., 
sulphur  a  scruple,  charcoal  16  grs. ;  mix. 

Yellow  Fires.     1.  Nitre  3  oz.,  meal  powder  3  oz.,  flowers  of 

sulphur  3  oz.,  dried  salt  2  oz. ;  mix. 

2.  Nitrate  of  soda  6,  sulphur  1,  lamp  black  1 ;  mix. 
Bed  Fires.     1.  Chlorate  of  potash  10,  nitrate  of  strontian  80, 

sulphur  26,  charcoal  6 ;  mix. 

2.  Chlorate  of  potash  3,  nitrate  of  strontian  24,  sulphur 
7  lamp  black  1,  sulphuret  of  antimony  2.  [Half  the 
lamp  black  or  charcoal  only  may  be  added  at  first ;  and  if 
on  trial  it  does  not  burn  freely,  add  more.] 

3.  Clilorate  of  potash  1,  nitrate  of  strontian  5,  sulphur 
1,  black  sulphuret  of  antimony  1 ;  mix. 

4.  Chlorate  of  potash  2i,  nitrate  of  strontian  20,  sul- 
phur 62,  sulphuret  of  antimony  2,  charcoal  J  ;  mix. 

5.  Chlorate  of  potash  5,  nitrate  of  strontian  28,  sulphur 
13,  sulphuret  of  antimony  4,  lamp  black  1. 

6.  Chlorate  of  potash  35,  nitrate  of  strontian  360,  sul- 
phur 93,  sulphuret  of  antimony  60,  charcoal  10. 

7.  Nitrate  of  strontian  72,  sulphur  20,  coal  dust  2,  gim- 
powder  6 ;  mix. 

8.  40  parts  of  nitrate  of  strontian,  13  of  sulphur,  2  of 
lime-tree  charcoal.  Mix,  and  add  by  mixing  with  a  horn 
spatula,  5  parts  of  diy  and  finely-powdered  chlorate  of 
potash. 

9.  Nitrate  of  strontian  9  parts,  shell-lac  in  powder  3 
parts,  chlorate  of  potash  1^  parts. 

23 


354  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

Lilac  Fire.  Chlorate  of  potash  49,  sulphur  25,  dry  chalk 
20,  black  oxide  of  copper  6  parts.     For  pans. 

Green  Fires.  1.  Sulphur  lOj,  nitrate  of  baryta  622, 
chlorate  of  potash  23^,  sulphuret  of  arsenic  If,  charcoal 
or  lamp  black  1^  ;  mix. 

2.  Sulphur  13,  nitrate  of  baryta  77,  chlorate  of  potash 
5,  metallic  arsenic  2,  charcoal  3 ;  mix. 

3.  Nitrate  of  baryta  20,  sulphur  1+,  sulphuret  of  anti- 
mony ^,  chlorate  of  potash  10,  charcoal  i ;  mix. 

4.  Nitrate  of  baryta  10^  drs.,  sulphur  2  drs.,  chlorate  of 
potash  162  grs.,  lamp  black  26  grs. ;  mix. 

5.  Dry  nitrate  of  baryta  12  parts,  sulphur  4,  dry  and 
finely-powdered  chlorate  of  potash  5  parts.  Tlie  chlorate 
to  be  mixed  by  a  horn  spatula. 

*^*  To  guard  against  the  danger  sometimes  arising 
from  the  spontaneous  combustion  of  coloured  fires  con- 
taining sulphur  and  chlorate  of  potash,  Mr.  Saunders  re- 
commends intimately  mixing  120  grains  of  powdered  bi- 
carbonate of  potash  with  each  pound  of  sulphur  before 
using  it  in  the  manufacture  of  any  composition  into  which 
chlorates  enter. 

Coloured  Flame  Papees.  Soak  Swedish  filtering  paper 
for  ten  minutes  in  a  mixture  of  4  parts  of  oil  of  vitriol 
with  5  parts  of  strong  nitric  acid,  both  by  measure.  When 
the  strips  are  removed  from  the  acid  they  must  be  tho- 
roughly washed,  first  ^\itli  cold,  then  with  hot  rain  or 
distilled  water,  till  the  wasliings  cease  to  be  acid.  Then 
make  different  solutions  (not  too  strong)  of  such  of  the 
chlorates  of  the  metals  as  give  the  desired  flame  reactions, 
make  them  slightly  warm,  and  saturate  the  papers  sepa- 
rately with  them. 

Dry  the  papers  before  the  fire  previous  to  lighting  them. 
They  show  to  best  advantage  when  a  slip  is  loosely 
crumpled  up  into  a  pellet,  lighted  quickly  art;  one  corner, 
and  thrown  into  the  air  against  a  dai-k  background.  Pa- 
per prepared  with  a  salt  of  potassa  will  give  a  violet  flame; 
that  with  soda  a  yellow  one,  that  with  liaryta  a  green,  and 
that  with  strontian  a  crimson. 

Coloured  Flames.  The  flame  of  alcohol  may  be  coloured, 
by  mixing  certain  salts  with  the  spirit.  A  green  colour  is 
gi^'cn  by  chloride  of  copper,  or  boracic  acid ;  red  by  nitrate 


Mis  CELL  ANEOtiS   fE^PABATIONS  SSS 

of  strontian,  nitrate  of  iron,  or  nitrate  of  lime ;  yellow  by- 
nitrate  of  soda,  &c. 

FiRE-PEOOFiNG.  For  Paper,  see  Paper.  For  dresses,  &c. 
A  strong  solution  of  sulphate  of  ammonia.  The  dresses  of 
stage  dancers  may  be  soaked  in  a  M'cak  solution  of  chloride 
of  zinc.  Tlie  tungstate  of  soda  is  said  to  be  the  only  per- 
fect fire-proofer. 

Flints,  Liquor  OF.  Soluble  glass.  Mix  70  parts  of  pearl- 
ash,  54  of  washing  soda,  and  152  of  siliceous  sand,  and 
fuse  the  mixture  in  a  crucible.  It  is  soluble  in  water, 
and  the  filtered  solution  evaporated  to  dryness  leaves  a 
transparent  glass.  It  has  been  proposed  to  render  wood, 
muslins,  &c.,  incombustible  by  means  of  the  solution.  Dr. 
TuBNEE  directs  3  parts  of  carbonate  of  potash,  and  1  of 
silica.     See  Glass,  Soluble. 

Flowees,  Compound  foe  Promoting  the  Blowing  of. 
Sulphate  of  ammonia  4  oz.,  nitre  2  oz.,  sugar  1  oz.,  hot 
water  a  pint.  Keep  it  in  a  well-corked  bottle.  For  hya- 
cinth glasses  add  8  or  10  drops  of  the  liquid  to  the  water, 
changing  the  water  every  10  or  12  days.  For  flowering 
plants  in  pots,  add  a  few  drops  to  the  water  employed  to 
moisten  them. 

Flowees  and  Plants,  to  Peesebve.  Any  vegetable  siib- 
stance  may  be  preserved  moist  in  a  solution  of  creosote, 
or  in  glycerine.  The  method  of  drying  plants  between 
sheets  of  paper  needs  no^  description.  But  the  original 
form,  and  in  many  instances  the  colour,  of  a  fresh  flower 
may  be  preserved  by  carefully  immersing  it  in  some  fine 
dry  material,  and  then  rapidly  drying  in  a  baking  oven. 
Millet  seed  has  been  used  for  this  purpose,  and  may 
answer  well  for  coarse  specimens.  For  fine  ones  white 
river  sand  in  equal  grams  must  be  used.  To  separate 
large  grains  it  should  be  passed  through  a  sieve ;  to  re- 
move fine  particles  it  is  copiously  washed  with  water. 
Wliile  drying  it  is  to  be  constantly  agitated. 

M.  Reveil  recommends  further,  that  1000  parts  of  tliis 
sand  be  intimately  mixed  with  1  of  stearic  acid  and  1  of 
spermaceti,  before  using.     See  next  formula. 

Flowees,  to  Peeseeve  in  theie  Natural  Shape  and 
CoLOUE.  Provide  a  vessel  with  a  moveable  cover.  Fit  to 
the  top  a  piece  of  fine  metallic  gauze,  and  replace  the 


356  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

cover.  Pass  through  a  sieve  into  an  iron  pot,  sand  suffi- 
cient to  fill  this  vessel,  and  heat  it  with  ^  per  cent,  of 
stearin,  carefully  stirring.  Place  the  flowers  on  the  gauze, 
and,  removing  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  pour  in  the  sand 
and  stearin,  so  as  to  cover  and  envelope  them.  Place  on 
the  top  of  an  oven  for  48  hours.  Remove  the  cover,  in- 
vert the  vessel,  and  the  sand  runs  away  through  the 
gavize,  leaving  the  flowers  dried  in  their  natural  position. 
Joiirn.  Soc.  Arts.  Fresh  flowers  may  be  preserved  for 
some  time  in  glycerme. 

Flowees,  Cut,  To  Peeseete  in  Watee.  Add  to  the 
water  a  teaspoonf  ul  of  salt,  or  a  teaspoonf  ul  of  charcoal. 
Flowers  in  pots  may  be  watered  with  a  weak  solution  of 
sulphate  of  iron. 

Fluxes.  In  a  general  sense  these  are  substances  which  pro- 
mote the  fusion  of  minerals,  but  particularly  which  cleanse 
a  reduced  metal,  by  assisting  its  separation  from  its  im- 
purities. They  also  serve  to  defend  it  from  the  action  of 
the  air,  and  some  of  them  assist  in  the  reduction  of  oxides. 

Stuck  Flux.  Into  an  earthen  crucible,  heated  sufficiently 
hot  to  cause  feeble  combustion,  but  not  to  fuse  the  flux, 
throw  successive  portions  of  a  mixture  of  1  part  of  nitre, 
and  2  of  crude  (or  cream  of)  tartar.  Keep  the  flux  in  a 
close  bottle. 

White  Flux.  Into  a  large  earthen  crucible,  heated  to  red- 
ness, throw  successive  portions  of  a  mixture  of  2  parts  of 
nitre  and  1  of  tartar.     Keep  it  as  the  last. 

Crude  Flux,  is  the  mixture  of  nitre  and  tartar,  before  defla- 
gration. 

Dr.  Christiso>«'s  Flux  for  reducing  arsenic.  Mix  crys- 
tallized carbonate  of  soda  with  ^th  of  charcoal,  and  heat 
gradually  to  redness. 

Fkesenits's  Flux,  for  reducing  sulphm'et  of  arsenic.  Dry 
carbonate  of  potash  3  parts,  cyanide  of  potassium  1  part. 

Cornish  Flux.     Cream  of  tartar  10  parts,  nitre  3i,  borax  3. 

MoEVEAr's  Flux.  Pulverized  glass  (free  from  lead)  8  parts 
calcined  borax  i  part,  charcoal  i  part. 

Mr.  Tatloe's  Flux.     Saturate  a  solution  of  tartaric  acid 
with  carbonate  of  soda,  evaporate  to  dryness,  and  calcine  < 
in  a  covered  platinum  crucible.  ' 

Sal  enixum  (the  acid  sulphate  of  potash  left  in  distilling  I 


MISCELLAHTEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  357 

nitric  acid),  sandiver  or  glass-gall,  fluor  spar,  limestone 
&c.,  arc  also  used  as  fluxes. 

Fly  Poison.  A  common  poison  for  flies  consists  of  white 
arsenic,  or  King's  yellow,  with  sugar,  &c.,  but  the  use  of 
such  comi)ounds  may  lead  to  fatal  accidents.  A  sweetened 
infusion  of  quassia  answers  the  same  purpose,  and  is  free 
from  danger.  Pepper,  with  milk,  is  also  used ;  and  also 
some  adhesive  comi:)ounds  by  which  they  are  fatally  en- 
tangled. Papier  moure  contains  a  large  quantity  of 
arsenic. 

Freezing  Mixtitres.  The  salts  should  be  in  a  crystallized 
state,  with  as  much  water  in  them  as  possible  without 
being  damp.  They  should  be  coarsely  pulverized  at  the 
time  of  using,  and  put  into  the  water  contained  in  a  basin 
or  other  suitable  vessel.  The  water  to  be  frozen  should 
be  enclosed  in  a  thin  metallic  vessel,  and  immersed  in  the 
freezing  mixture.  To  obtain  extreme  degrees  of  cold, 
the  ingredient*  and  vessels  employed,  should  be  previously 
cooled  by  one  of  the  freezing  mixtures. 

1.  Sal  ammoniac  5  oz.,  nitre  5  oz.,  water  16  oz. 

2.  Mix  -i  oz.  of  nitrate  of  ammonia,  4  of  crystallized 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  4  of  water.  In  3  hours  10  oz.  of 
water  may  be  frozen. 

3.  Nitrate  of  ammonia  and  chloride  of  ammonium  in 
equal  projiortions,  water  q.  s. 

4.  Nitrate  of  ammonia  5  parts,  nitrate  of  potash  5, 
sulphate  of  soda  8,  water  16  parts. 

5.  Phosphate  of  soda  9  parts,  dilute  nitric  acid  4 
parts. 

6.  Sulphate  of  soda  8  parts,  hydrochloric  acid  5  parts. 

7.  Sulphate  of  soda  6  parts,  nitrate  of  ammonia  5  parts, 
diluted  nitric  acid  4  parts. 

8.  Mix  1  part  by  weight  of  powdered  sal  ammoniac 
with  2  of  powdered  nitre.  Reduce  common  washing  soda 
to  powder.  Keep  tliese  powders  in  well-closed  bottles, 
and  when  required  for  use  take  equal  measures  of  each, 
and  add  an  equal  bulk  of  water,  or  sufiicient  to  dissolve 
the  salts. 

9.  Chloride  of  ammonium  11  drs.,  nitre  10  drs.,  sulphate 
of  soda  2  oz.  Po^\■der  separately,  and  mix  in  a  tin  vessel 
with  5  oz,  of  water, 


358  TRADE    CHEMICALS 


With  Ice. 

1.  Snow  01"  pounded  ice  2  parts,  chloride  of  sodium  1  part. 

2.  Snow  2  parts,  crystallized  chloride  of  calcium  3  parts. 

3.  Snow  8  parts,  hydrochloric  acid  5  parts. 

4.  Snow  or  pounded  ice  12  parts,  chloride  of  sodium  5 
parts,  nitrate  of  ammonia  5. 

5.  Snow  7  parts,  diluted  nitric  acid  4  parts. 

6.  Snow  3  i^arts,  diluted  sulphuric  acid  2  parts. 
Feench  Polish.     This  is  an  alcoholic  solution  of  shell-lac ; 

some  of  the  softer  resinous  gums  are  usually  added,  but 
too  much  of  them  renders  the  polisli  less  durable.  Highly 
rectitied  spirit,  not  less  than  60  over  proof,  should  be 
used.  Rectified  wood  naptha  is  sometimes  substituted, 
to  which  the  unpleasant  smell  is  the  only  objection.  Me- 
thylated spirit  is  now  almost  invariably  employed  for  the 
manufacture  of  French  polish,  and  it  is  advised  to  substi- 
tute it  for  the  rectified  spirit  in  the  following  formulaj. 

1.  Orange  shell-lac  22  oz.,  rectified  spirits  4  pints ; 
dissolve. 

2.  Shell-lac  3  oz.,  gum  sandarac  ^  oz.,  rectified  spirit 
a  pint. 

3.  Shell-lac  4  oz.,  gum  thus  |  oz.,  rectified  spirit  a  piut ; 
dissolve,  and  add  almond  or  poppy  oil  2  oz. 

4.  Shell-lac  5  oz.,  seed-lac  1  oz.,  gum  juniper  \  oz., 
mastic  1  oz.,  rectified  spirit  a  pint. 

5.  Shell-lac  3  oz.,  seed-lac  3  oz.,  gum  juniper  IJoz., 
mastic  1  oz.,  rectified  si)irit  a  quart. 

6.  Shell-lac  5  oz.,  oxalic  acid  ^  oz.,  rectified  spirit  a 
pint ;  dissolve,  and  add  linseed  oil  4  oz. 

7.  Shell-lac  5  oz.,  gum  benzoin  5  oz.,  oxalic  acid  10  drs., 
rectified  spirit  a  quart ;  dissolve,  and  add  |  pint  of  lin- 
seed oil. 

8.  Shell-lac  8  oz.,  gum  elemi  1 J  oz.,  rectified  spirit  4  pints. 

9.  Shell-lac  10  oz.,  seed-lac  6  oz.,  gum  thus  3  oz., 
sandarac  6  oz.,  copal  varnish  6  oz.,  rectified  naphtha  8 
innts.  Or  dissolve  8  oz.  each  of  seed-lac,  gum  thus,  and 
sandarac,  separately  in  a  pint  of  naphtha;  and  1  lb.  of 
shell-lac  in  8  pints  of  naphtha.  Then  mix  6  oz.  of  copal 
varnish,  12  oz.  of  the  solution  of  seed-lac,  6  oz.  of  the 
solution  of  frankincense,  12  of  tlie  solution  of  sandarivc, 


MISCELLANEOUS   TEEPAEATIONS  359 

and  5|  lbs.  of  tlie  solution  of  shell-lac.  Let  the  copal 
varnish  be  jnit  into  the  tinctiire  of  shell-lae,  and  well- 
shakon,  and  the  othei'  ingredients  added.  A  correspond- 
ent informs  me  that  this  polish  cannot  be  excelled. 

10.  Copal  i  oz.,  gum  arabic  5  oz.,  shell-lac  1  oz.  Pul- 
verize, mix,  and  sift  the  powders,  and  dissolve  in  a  pint  of 
spirit. 

11.  Shell-lac  5  oz.,  rectified  naptha  a  pint. 

French  polish  is  sometimes  coloured  with  dragon's 
blood,  turmeric  root,  &c.  The  general  directions  for  pre- 
paring the  polish  are  to  put  the  gums  with  the  spirit  in  a 
tin  bottle,  and  set  it  on  the  hob,  or  in  water,  so  as  to  keep 
it  at  a  gentle  heat,  shaking  it  frequently.  The  cork  should 
be  loosened  a  little  before  shaking  it,  taking  care  that 
there  is  no  flame  near  to  kindle  the  vapour.  When  the 
gums  are  dissolved,  let  it  settle  for  a  few  hours,  and  pour 
off  the  solution  from  the  dregs.  The  method  of  using  it  is 
to  have  a  roll  of  list,  over  the  end  of  which  five  or  six  folds 
of  linen  rag  are  placed.  The  polish  is  applied  to  the  linen 
with  a  sponge,  and  a  little  linseed  oil  is  dropped  on  the 
centre  of  it. 

FtTLMiXATiNa  Compounds.  FulmiMating  Powder.  Mix 
together  in  a  warm  mortar  3  parts  of  pulverized  nitre, 
2  of  dry  carbonate  of  potash,  and  1  of  sulphur.  A 
small  quantity  heated  on  an  iron  shovel  or  ladle  till  it 
fuses,  suddenly  explodes  with  great  violence.  It  should  be 
used  with  great  caution.  Another  kind  of  fulminating  or 
detonating  powder  is  made  by  mixing  3  grs.  of  chlorate  of 
potash  with  1  of  sulphm* :  by  strongly  triturating  it  with 
strong  pressure  in  a  marble  inortar,  a  succession  of 
sharp  explosions  is  produced.  The  same  mixture,  or 
6  grs.  of  chlorate  of  potash,  1  of  sulphur,  and  4  of  char- 
coal, struck  with  a  hammer  on  an  anvil,  gives  a  loud  report. 

Chloride,  or  TercJiloride  of  Nitrogen,  and  Iodide,  or  Teriodide 
of  Nitrogen  cannot  be  nieddled  with  without  extreme 
danger.  Fulminating  gold,  and  the  fulminating  silver 
prepared  witli  ammonia,  are  also  dangerous  compounds, 
even  in  minute  quantities.  As  they  serve  no  practical  use, 
the  mode  of  preparing  them  is  omitted. 

Fulminating  Mercurg  (Howabd's,  as  improved  by  Dr.  Ukk). 
Dissolve  by  a  gentle  heat  1  oz.  of  quicksilver  in  7i  fluid. 


360  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

oz.  (or  10  oz.  by  weight)  of  nitric  acid,  of  1"4  specific 
gravity,  in  a  glass  retort,  the  beak  of  which  is  loosely 
inserted  into  a  large  ballooii  or  bottle.  Wlien  the  mer- 
cury is  dissolved,  the  solution,  at  the  temperature  of  130° 
Fahrenheit,  should  be  slowly  poured  through  a  funnel 
into  10  fluid  oz.  of  alcohol  of  0'830  specific  gravity,  con- 
tained in  a  vessel  that  will  hold  6  times  the  quantity  of  in- 
gredients. "Wlien  the  action  ceases,  pour  the  contents  of 
the  matrass  on  a  double  filter  in  a  glass  funnel ;  wash  out 
any  powder  that  may  remain  in  the  matrass  with  a  little 
cold  water,  and  throw  this  also  on  the  filter ;  and  wash  the 
fulminate  with  more  water  till  it  "passes  free  from  acid. 
When  sufiiciently  drained,  lift  the  filter  out  of  the  fimnel, 
and  lay  it  open  on  a  copper  or  earthen  plate,  and  dry  the 
fulminate  at  212""F,  or  under,  by  hot  water  or  steam.  Its 
manufacture  requires  great  caution :  some  valuable  lives 
have  been  sacrificed  in  its  preparation. 

Fulminating  Silver  (BEiiaNATELLi's).  On  100  grs,  of  pul- 
verized nitrate  of  silver,  in  an  open  glass  vessel,  pour  first 
an  oz.  of  alcohol,  and  then  as  much  strong  nitreus  acid. 
The  mixture  boils,  and  gives  out  ethereal  vapours.  Wlien 
all  the  powdered  nitrate  has  taken  the  form  of  white 
clouds,  cold  distilled  water  must  be  added  to  sustain  ebul- 
lition, otherwise  tlie  fulminate  will  be  dissolved.  Collect 
the  powder  on  a  filter,  and  dry  it  at  a  low  temperature. 
Dr.  TuENER  directs  1  part  of  silver  to  be  dissolved  in  10 
of  nitric  acid,  at  a  gentle  heat,  20  parts  of  rectified  spirit 
to  be  added,  and  the  mixture  warmed.  Wlieu  it  begins  to 
boil,  set  it  aside  to  cool,  collect  and  wash  the  crystals  on  a 
filter,  and  carefully  dry  them.  This  is  more  violent  and 
dangerous  than  fulminating  mercury. 

Fumigations.  See  Fumigatio,  Pocket  Formulary,  for  their 
medicinal  uses.  Though  not  strictly  belonging  to  this 
place,  it  may  be  useful  to  give  a  few  directions  for  the 
management  of  these  important  agents,  as  disinfectants 
and  purifiers. 

Carbolic  Acid  Fumigation, — Steep  rags  in  it,  and  then 
suspend  them  in  various  parts  of  the  room,  or  dilute  one 
ounce  with  a  gallon  of  water,  and  sprinkle  the  mixture 
over  the  walls  and  floors. 

Chlorine  Fumigation,     This  is  probably  the  most    effective 


MISCELLAIfEOTTS   PBEPABATIONS  361 

in  destroying  noxious  effluvia  and  putrid  odours,  and  in 
checking  the  spread  of  contagious  diseases.  But  as  the 
gas  itself  is  deleterious,  except  in  a  very  diluted  state,  it 
nuist  he  used  with  caution  in  occupied  appartments.  To 
disinfect  rooms  from  which  the  occupants  have  been 
removed,  mLs  common  salt  and  black  oxide  of  manganese 
in  equal  quantities.  Mix  also  in  an  earthen  basm  equal 
weights  of  oil  of  ^'itriol  and  water,  and  when  it  has  cooled 
put  it  into  a  bottle  for  use.  Into  a  china  or  earthen  basin 
put  from  1  to  3  oz.  of  the  powder,  according  to  the  size  of 
the  room,  and  pour  over  it  t^nce  or  thrice  as  much  of  the 
mixed  acid.  Place  it  in  the  apartment,  and  close  the  doors 
and  windows  for  a  few  hours  ;  the  doors  and  windows  are 
then  thrown  open  till  the  smell  of  chlorine  disappears. 
Dr.  A.  T.  Thomson  directs  a  mixture  of  1  oz.  of  salt  and  i 
oz.  of  black  oxide  of  manganese  to  be  put  into  a  china  cup, 
and  6  tliud  di"s.  of  oil  of  \T.triol  poured  on  it,  the  cup  being 
placed  in  a  pipkin  of  hot  sand.  Instead  of  the  above  in- 
gredients, some  chloride  of  lime  may  be  placed  in  a  large 
jar  or  basin,  and  a  mixture  of  acetic  acid  and  water 
poured  on  it.  "Wlien  used  in,  or  near  the  apartments  of  the 
sick,  great  care  must  be  taken  that  the  chlorine  is  so 
diluted  with  au'  that  it  shall  occasion  no  annoyance  to  the 
invalid.  Some  contrivances  have  been  adopted  to  render 
the  extrication  of  chlorme  gradual  and  continual.  Smith's 
Chlorine  Fumigator,  and  the  moi'e  simple  one  of  Messrs. 
Heathfield  &  BuEGESS,  are  very  convenient.  Another 
method  is  proposed  by  Mr.  ScanIan,  in  the  '  Pharma- 
ceutical Journal,'  vol.  vii,  page  343.  By  such  contrivances, 
chlorine  may  with  care  be  safely  employed  in  houses  occu- 
pied by  the  sick  (in  the  j)assages,  stairs,  &c.),  to  prevent 
the  sjDread  of  infectious  fevers  :  but  chloride  of  lime,  simijly 
mixed  with  water,  in  the  proportion  of  not  more  than  1  oz. 
to  a  quart,  is  usually  sufficient  to  purify  the  chamber  of 
the  sick.  It  should  be  occasionally  sprinkled  on  the  floor, 
and  also  placed  about  the  room  in  shallow  dishes,  or  a  linen 
cloth  moistened  with  it,  svLspended  on  a  line.  The  same 
method  may  be  j^ursued  in  all  places  where  unpleasant 
smells  prevail. 
Iodine.  A  little  placed  on  a  plate,  diffuses  into  the  atmo- 
sphere of  a  sick  room,  and  Is  a  useful  disinfectant, 


362  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

Nifi'ic  Fumigation.  Put  into  a  cliina  cnp  equal  measures  of 
sulphuric  acid  and  water,  and  add  to  it,  from  time  to  time, 
small  quantities  of  powdered  nitre :  or  put  2  or  3  drs.  of 
powdered  nitre  int<5  a  cup,  and  pour  over  it  about  an  equal 
quantity  of  oil  of  vitriol.  Stir  it  with  a  piece  of  glass,  or 
tobacco-pipe,  and  remove  it  from  time  to  time  to  different 
parts  of  the  apartment.  For  large  rooms  2  or  3  cups  may 
be  required.  It  is  often  recommended  to  apply  heat ;  but 
Dr.  Bateman,  of  the  Fever  Hospital,  found  this  imneces- 
sary  and  objectionalile,  especially  in  the  apartments  of  the 
sick.  No  metallic  or  wooden  stin-ers,  or  vessels,  must  be 
used. 

Muriatic  Fumigation.  KydrocMoric  Fumigation.  This  is 
iiow  almost  disused,  being  less  efficacious  than  the  preced- 
ing. It  is  ol)taiued  by  putting  a  few  drachms  of  common 
salt  into  a  cup,  and  pouring  on  it  an  equal  quantity  of  oil 
of  vitriol.     Tlie  vajwursare  very  injurious  to  the  lungs. 

Acetic  Fumigation.  The  vapour  of  vinegar,  and  especially  of 
strong  acetic  acid,  is  employed  as  a  disinfectant,  but  its 
efficacy  is  now  considered  to  be  very  limited.  It  may  be 
used  by  keeping  the  vinegar  boiling  over  a  lamp.  A 
coarser  method  sometimes  used  is  to  plunge  a  red-hot 
poker  into  a  cup  of  vinegar.  Aromatic  vinegar,  merely 
lield  to  the  nose,  may  afford  some  slight  protection  to 
those  who  attend  upon  the  sick. 

Sulphur  Fumigation.  The  fumes  of  burning  sulphur  may 
possibly  have  some  effect  in  decomposing  miasmata  and 
noxious  effluvia;  but  as  they  have  no  advantage  over 
chlorine  and  are  very  disagreeable,  and  otherwise  objec- 
tionable, they  are  not  likely  to  be  employed.  Formerly 
the  following  powder  was  burnt  to  destroy  contagious 
miasmata.  Flowers  of  sulphur,  nitre,  and  powdered  myrrh, 
of  each  1  oz. 
Tar  Fumigation.  The  vapour  of  boiling  tar  has  been  used 
as  a  disinfectant,  as  well  as  a  pallative  in  some  affections 
of  the  respiratory  organs.  The  usual  plan  is  k)  keep  the 
tar  boiling  over  a  lamp.  See  Fumigatio  Picea,  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Benzoin,  styrax,  and  other  odoriferous  gums,  cascarilla 
bark,  coffee  berries,  and  the  compounds  termed  aromatic 
pastiles,  are  burnt   as   purifiers   and  disinfectants.     But 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  363 

little  confidence  is  now  placed  in  them  as  prophylactics 
against  infection.  The  same  may  be  said  of  camphor  and 
tobacco.  Tlxey  should  not  be  depended  on  to  the  exclusion 
of  more  efficient  means,  nor  be  made  a  substitute  for  free 
ventilation  and  the  removal  of  all  sources  of  noxious 
effluvia,  when  practicable. 

Fumigating  Pastiles.     See  Peefumeet,  further  back. 

FuKNiTUEE  Cream.  1.  Soft  water  a  gallon,  soap  4  oz., 
bees'-wax  in  shavings  1  \h. ;  boil  together,  and  add  2  oz.  of 
pearlash.  To  be  diluted  with  water,  laid  on  with  a  paint- 
brush, and  polished  ofp  with  a  hard  brush  or  cloth. 

2.  Wax  3  oz.,  pearlash  2  oz.,  water  6  oz. ;  heat  them 
together,  and  add  4>  oz.  of  boiled  oil,  and  5  oz.  spirit  of 
turpentine. 

3.  Tlie  name  is  sometimes  given  to  a  mixture  of  1  oz.  of 
white  or  yellow  wax,  with  4  of  oil  of  turpentine. 

FcENiTUEE  Paste.  1.  Melt  1  lb.  of  bees'-wax  with  i  pint 
of  linseed  oil,  and  add  ^  oz.  of  alkanet  root ;  keep  it  at  a 
moderate  heat  till  sufficiently  coloured ;  then  remove  from 
the  fire,  add  \  pint  of  oil  of  turpentine,  strain  through 
muslin,  and  put  it  into  small  gallipots  to  cool. 

2.  Scrape  4  oz.  of  wax,  and  put  it  into  a  pipkin  with  as 
much  oil  of  turpentine  as  will  cover  it,  and  i  oz.  of  pow- 
dered resin ;  melt  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  stir  in  sufficient 
Indian  red  to  colour  it. 

3.  Equal  weights  of  bees'-wax,  spirit  of  turpentine,  and 
linseed  oil. 

FuENiTURE  Oil.  1.  Linseed  oil  a  pint,  alkanet  I  oz. ; 
digest  in  a  warm  place  till  coloured,  and  strain. 

2.  Tlie  same  with  5  pint  of  oil  of  turpentine. 

3.  Linseed  oil  a  pint,  alkanet  root  1  oz.,  rose  pink  1  oz. ; 
let  them  stand  in  earthern  vessel  all  night. 

4.  A  quart  of  linseed  oil,  6  oz.  of  distilled  vinegar,  3  oz. 
of  spirit  of  turpentine,  1  oz.  of  hydrochloric  acid,  and  2  oz. 
spirit  of  wine. 

5.  Linseed  oil  8  oz.,  vinegar  4  oz. ;  oil  of  turpentine, 
mucilage,  rectified  spirit,  each  ^  oz. ;  butter  of  antimony 
5  oz.  ;  hydrochloric  acid  1  oz. ;  mix. 

6.  Linseed  oil  16  oz.,  black  resin  4  oz.,  vinegar  4  oz., 
rectified  spirit  3  oz.,  butter  of  antimony  1  oz.,  spirit  of 
salts  3  oz. ;  melt  the  resin,  add  the  oil,  take  it  off  the  fire, 


364  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

and]  stir  it  in  the  -s-inegar ;  let  it  boil  for  a  few  minutes, 
stirring  it ;  when  cool  put  it  into  a  bottle,  add  the  other 
ingredients,  shaking  all  together.  [The  last  two  are  espe- 
cially used  for  reviving  French  polish.] 

7.  Linseed  oil  a  pint,  oil  of  turpentine  ^  pint,  rectified 
spirit  4oz.,  powdered  resin  1^  oz.,  rose  pink  i  oz. ;  mix. 

8.  Linseed  oil  14  oz.,  vinegar  1^  oz.,  hydrochloric  acid  i 
oz. ;  mix. 

Fusible  Metal.     See  Allots,  further  back. 

Gall,  Clarified.  Ox-gall  is  prepared  for  the  use  of 
artists  in  the  following  manner :  To  a  pint  of  fresh  ox-gall, 
boiled  and  skimmed,  add  1  oz.  finely  powdered  alum ; 
leave  it  on  the  fire  till  the  alum  is  dissolved,  then  let  it 
cool,  put  it  into  a  bottle,  and  cork  it  loosely.  Ti'eat 
another  pint  in  the  same  way  with  1  oz.  of  salt  instead  of 
alum.  After  standing  more  than  3  months,  carefully  de- 
cant from  each  bottle  the  clear  portion,  and  mix  them 
together.  The  colouring  matter  is  precipitated,  and  a 
clear,  colourless  liquid  is  obtained  by  filtration.  It  is  used 
for  mixing  artists'  colours,  and  to  prepare  ivory,  oiled 
paper,  &c.,  to  re-s-ive  the  colours.  Also  for  taking  out 
grease  spots. 

Galvanic  Batteries,  Solutions  tor.  See  Acids,  Mixed, 
FOE  Galvanic  Batteries. 

Gannal's  Solution.     See  Anatomical  Injections. 

Ganteine.  (a  composition  for  cleaning  kid  gloves ;  some- 
times improperly  termed  Saponine).  Dissolve  3  oz.  of 
soap  by  heat  in  2  oz.  of  water,  and  when  nearly  cold  add 
2  oz.  of  eau  de  Javelle,  and  1  dr.  of  water  of  ammonia ; 
form  a  paste,  which  is  to  be  rubbed  over  the  glove  with 
flannel  till  sufficiently  clean. 

Garancine.  Madder  (sometimes  the  spent  madder  of  the 
dyer's  bath)  is  mixed  -ndth  its  weight  of  oil  of  vitriol, 
added  very  gradually,  so  as  to  avoid  overheating.  Tlie 
acid  is  then  washed  out. 

Gaerot's  Covering  foe  Pills.  Soak  1  oz.  of  Purified  gela- 
tin in  2  or  3  drs.  of  \\'ater ;  keep  it  liquefied  in  a  salt- 
water bath.  Tlie  pills  are  stuck  on  long  pins,  and  dipped 
in  the  solution  ;  when  cold  the  pins  are  withdrawn,  after 
being  heated  by  a  small  flame,  which  melts  the  gelatin 
and  closes  the  liole. 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPARATIONS  365 

Gases.  These  are  generated  in  gas  bottles  fitted,  by  grind- 
ing, with  an  S-formed  tube;  or  in  flasks  to  which  a  bent 
tube  is  adapted  by  means  of  a  cork ;  in  a  common  retort ; 
or  sometimes  in  iron  bottles  w-ith  a  metal  tube.*  They 
are  usually  collected  in  vessels  filled  with  water  placed 
with  their  open  end  in  a  vessel  of  water.  Pepy's  Gas 
Solder  is  very  useful  for  receiving,  retaining,  and  trans- 
ferring gases.  The  pneumatic  trough  consists  of  a  vessel 
for  holding  water,  with  a  shelf  for  sustaining  the  jars  or 
bottles  that  are  to  be  filled  j  these  are  filled  by  sinking 
them  under  water,  and  are  then  lifted  on  the  shelf,  above 
which  the  water  rises,  with  their  open  end  do\niwards. 
Tlie  beak  of  the  retort,  or  bent  tubes,  are  so  placed  that 
the  gas  issuing  from  them  rises  through  the  water  into 
the  vessel,  and  takes  the  place  of  the  water  in  them. 
Some  gases  being  very  easily  absorbed  by  water,  are  col- 
lected over  mercm'y.  Sometimes  they  are  collected  in 
dry  bottles.  For  light  gases,  as  ammonia,  place  a  bottle 
in  a  vertical  position  -ndth  its  mouth  downwards  over  the 
tube  from  which  the  gas  issues,  which  should  touch  the 
bottom  of  the  bottle.  When  the  bottle  is  filled  with  gas, 
and  this  escapes  from  the  mouth,  quietly  ^^ithdraw  the 
tube  and  close  the  bottle,  still  inverted,  with  a  greased 
stopper.  For  gases  hea-vier  than  air,  as  chlorine,  or  car- 
bonic acid,  the  bottle  must  be  plaeed  with  its  mouth 
uppermost,  and  the  tube  delivering  the  gas  must  descend 
to  the  bottom  of  the  bottle.  When  full  of  the  gas,  close 
it  with  the  greased  stopper.  The  tube  connected  with  a 
flask  in  which  a  gas  is  generated  should  have  a  ball  blo\^'n 
in  it,  into  which  asbestos  may  be  introduced  to  arrest  any 
particles  thrown  up  by  effervescence. 

The  following  are  the  processes  for  procuring  the  principal 
gases : — 

Ammoniacal  Gas.  This  is  obtained  by  mixing  equal  weights 
of  slaked  lime  (previously  cooled)  and  powdered  sal  ammo- 
niac, and  heating  the  mixture  in  a  retort  or  flask.  As 
water  rapidly  absorbs  the  gas,  it  miist  be  collected  over 
mercury,  or  in  a  dry  bottle  as  described  above. 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas.     Carbonic  Anhydride.     This  is  obtained 

*  Whenever  practicable  india-rubber  tubing  is  now  largely  employed 
in  place  of  tubes  of  glass  and  metal.  ^ 


366  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

by  acting  on  marble  or  chalk,  or  carbonate  of  soda  or  potash, 
by  a  diluted  acid.  For  exact  experiments  it  must  be  col- 
lected over  mercury ;  otherwise  it  may  be  collected  in  a 
bottle  (as  above).  Mr.  Benson  states  that  a  saturated  solu- 
tion of  sulphate  of  magnesia  may  be  iised  in  collecting 
this  gas,  instead  of  mercury.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Carbonic  Oxide  is  obtained  by  acting  on  binoxalate  of  pot- 
ash with  6  times  its  weight  of  oil  of  vitriol  at  a  gentle 
heat ;  or  by  strongly  heating,  in  an  iron  bottle  or  gun- 
barrel,  equal  weights  of  chalk  and  iron  filings.  The  gas 
must  be  passed  through  water  containing  lime  or  caustic 
potash  to  absorb  the  carbonic  acid  gas. 

Chlorine.  This  gas  may  be  obtained  from  oxide  of  man- 
ganese, common  salt,  and  sulphuric  acid,  as  directed  in 
making  chloride  of  lime.  Or  from  hydrochloric  acid  and 
oxide  of  manganese  (see  Chlorinium,  Pocket  Formulary). 
But  more  conveniently,  on  the  small  scale,  by  dissolving 
common  salt  in  water,  adding  a  sixth  of  its  weight  of 
nitric  acid,  and  as  much  oxide  of  manganese.  Apply  a 
gentle  heat,  and  the  gas  is  abundantly  produced  without 
violent  action.     (Chemist,  vol.  i.) 

Hydrochloric  Acid  Gas.  It  may  be  obtained  by  heating 
together  in  a  flask  equal  weights  of  salt  and  oil  of  vitriol  j 
or  simply  by  heating  strong  hydrochloric  acid.  It  must  be 
collected  over  mercury;  or  otherwise  conducted  to  the 
bottom  of  a  di-y  bottle,  as  described  above. 

Hydrogen  Qas  is  readily  procured  by  pouring  on  fragments 
of  zinc,  in  a  glass  bottle,  or  flask  with  a  bent  tube,  or 
retort,  some  diluted  sulphuric  acid  (1  measure  of  strong 
acid  to  5  of  water).  It  may  be  collected  over  water.  If 
zinc  be  not  at  hand,  fine  iron  wire,  or  the  turnings  or 
filings  of  iron,  may  be  substituted  for  it.  To  procure  gas 
of  great  purity,  distilled  zinc  must  be  used. 

Hydbogen,  PEROXIDE.  See  Hycb-Qgenii  peroxidum.  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Carburetted  Hydrogen  Oas.  Light  carburetted  hydrogen  is 
readily  obtained  by  stirring  the  mud  of  stagnant  pools. 
Heavy  carburetted  hydrogen  is  prepared  by  heating  1  part 
of  alcohol  -witli  6  or  7  of  oil  of  vitriol,  and  conducting  the 
mixed  gases  through  milk  of  lime,  which  retains  the  sul- 
phurous acid  J  and  afterwards  through  oil  of  vitriol,  which 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPARATIONS  367 

absorbs  water,  ether,  and  alcohol.     Coal  gas  is  a  mixture  of 
these  gases,  with  other  hydrocarbons,  &c. 

Phosphuretted  Hydrogen.  The  spontaneously  inflammable 
variety  of  this  gas  is  made  by  boiling  phosphorus  with 
solution  of  potash  in  a  small  retort,  the  beak  of  which  is 
kept  under  water :  as  each  bubble  of  gas  rises  from  the 
water,  it  inflames,  and  forms  a  ring  of  white  smoke,  which 
dilates  as  it  ascends.  The  spontaneous  inflammability  of 
the  gas  when  mixed  with  atmospheric  air  or  oxygen  ren- 
ders caution  necessary  in  its  preparation.  The  other 
varieties  of  phosphuretted  hydrogen  have  no  special  interest 
or  application. 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,  Sydrosulphuric  Acid.  Hydric 
Sulphide.  This  gas  is  best  obtained  fi-om  sulphide  (sul- 
phuret)  of  iron,  broken  into  small  lumps.  On  this  com- 
potmd,  contauied  in  a  gas  bottle,  or  other  suitable  apparatus, 
jiour  sulphuric  acid  previously  diluted  with  7  parts  of  water. 
If  more  acid  be  afterwards  required,  dilute  the  strong  acid 
with  only  4  of  water.     It  is  absorbed  by  water. 

Nitrogen,  or  Azote.  Atmospheric  air  may  be  made  to  yield 
an  unlimited  supply  of  nitrogen,  by  exposing  it  to  the 
action  of  substances  which  combine  with  its  oxygen.  By 
burning  phosphorus  in  a  large  bell-glass  standing  in  water, 
and  allowing  it  to  stand  over  the  water  a  few  hours, 
nearly  pure  nitrogen  is  obtained,  which  may  be  further 
purified  by  agitating  it  with  solution  of  pure  potash. 
CoRENWiNDER  procures  it  from  his  solution  of  nitrate  of 
potash  (which  see)  by  mixing  one  measure  of  it  with  three 
of  concentrated  solution  of  sal  ammoniac,  and  heating  the 
mixture  in  a  flask.  The  gas  contains  a  little  ammonia, 
from  which  it  may  be  freed  by  passing  it  through  diluted 
sulphuric  acid. 

Protoxide  of  Nitrogen.  Nitrous  Oxide  of  Davy.  It  is  most 
conveniently  made  by  heating  nitrate  of  ammonia  (formed 
by  neutralizing  pure  nitric  acid,  diluted  with  3  parts  of 
water,  with  carbonate  of  ammonia,  and  boiling  tlie  solu- 
tion till  a  drop  let  fall  on  a  cold  plate  solidifies,  adding 
a  little  ammonia  towards  the  end  to  ensure  neutrali- 
zation) in  a  retort,  at  a  heat  not  exceeding  500°  Fahren- 
heit, till  it  is  nearly  all  decomposed.  It  may  be  collected 
over  warm  water.     This  gas  (principally,  if  not  wholly,  in 


368  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

the  liquid  form)  is  manufactured  in  enormous  quantities 
for  the  use  of  dentists  and  for  dental  hospitals. 

Oxygen  Gas.  Mix  chlorate  of  potash  with  a  third  of  its 
bulk  of  black  oxide  of  manganese ;  put  the  mixture  into 
a  gas-bottle,  or  clean  flask,  to  which  a  bent  tube  is  fitted 
by  a  cork,  and  apply  gentle  heat.  The  gas,  which  comes 
over  freely,  may  be  collected  over  M'ater. 

Ozone.  This  is  supposed  to  be  oxygen  in  an  allotropic  and 
more  active  state.  It  is  formed  by  putting  into  a  wide 
bottle  pieces  of  clean  phosphorus,  with  a  little  water,  so 
that  the  phosphorus  shall  be  partly  in  the  water  and  partly 
uncovered.  Close  the  bottle  for  some  hours,  when  the 
air  it  contains,  will  manifest  the  odour  and  effects  of  ozone. 

Sulphurous  Acid  Gas.  Sulphurous  Anhydride.  It  is  procured 
in  a  nearly  pure  state  by  heating  2  parts  of  quicksilver  with 
3|of  oil  of  vitriol,  and  collecting  the  gas  over  mercury.  By 
passing  the  gas  through  a  tube  surrounded  with  a  freezing 
mixture,  it  is  condensed  into  a  liquid.  For  ordinary  purposes, 
the  gas  maybe  obtainedas  directed  under  Acid,St:lphueous. 

Gelatin,  Pueified.  Grenetine.  It  is  made  by  various 
processes  from  gelatinous  animal  matters.  Nelson's 
Patent  Gelatine  is  made  from  cuttings  of  the  hides  of 
beasts,  and  skins  of  calves.  These,  freed  fi'om  hair,  flesh, 
fat,  &c.,  are  washed  and  scored,  then  macerated  for  10 
days  in  a  ley  of  caustic  soda,  and  afterwards  placed  in 
covered  vessels  at  a  temperature  of  60°  to  70°  until  they 
become  tender ;  then  washed  from  the  alkali,  exposed  to 
the  vapour  of  burning  sulphur  until  they  become  sensibly 
acid,  dissolved  in  earthen  vessels  heated  to  150°,  strained, 
put  into  settling  vessels  heated  to  100°  or  120°  for  nine 
hours,  the  clear  liquor  drawn  ofP,  and  poured  on  the  cool- 
ing slabs  to  the  depth  of  ^  an  inch.  "Wlien  cold,  the  jelly 
is  cut  in  pieces,  washed  till  free  from  acid,  redissolved  at 
85°,  poured  on  slabs,  cut  up,  and  dried  on  nets. 

Bone,  Gelatin.  The  bones  are  boiled  to  remove  the  fat, 
then  digested  in  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  till  the  earthy 
matter  of  the  bone  is  dissolved.  The  gelatin,  which 
retains  the  form  of  the  bone,  is  washed  in  a  stream  of 
water,  plunged  in  hot  water,  and  again  in  cold,  to  remove 
all  remains  of  acid,  and  sometimes  put  into  a  solution  of 
carbonate  of  soda.     When  well  washed,  it  is  dried  on  open 


MISCELLANEOUS  PEEPAEATIONS  369 

baskets  or  nets.  By  steeping  the  raw  gelatin  in  cold 
water,  dissolving  it  in  boiling  water,  evaporating  the  jelly, 
and  cutting  it  into  tablets,  it  may  be  dried  and  preserved 
in  that  form. 

German  Paste,  for  feeding  insectivorous  singing -hirds. 
Blanched  sweet  almonds  1  lb.,  pea  meal  2  lbs,  butter  3  oz., 
saffron  a  few  grains,  honey  q.  s.  Form  the  whole  into  u 
paste,  and  granulate  it  by  pressing  it  through  a  cullender. 
Some  add  the  yolks  of  2  eggs. 

GiiDiNG.  Leaf  gold  is  affixed  to  various  surfaces,  properly 
prepared  by  gold  size  or  other  adhesive  medium.  Me- 
tallic surfaces  are  coated  with  gold,  by  means  of  amalgam 
of  gold  and  mercury,  applied  with  a  wire  brush,  wet  with 
an  acid  solution  of  mercury  (made  by  dissolving  10  parts 
of  mercury  in  11  of  nitric  acid,  by  a  gentle  heat,  and 
adding  2|  parts  of  water).  The  article  thus  coated  is 
heated  over  charcoal  till  the  mercury  is  dissipated,  and 
afterwards  biu-nished.  To  give  it  a  redder  colour,  it  is 
covered  with  gilders'  wax  (a  compound  of  verdigris, 
ochre,  alum,  and  yellow  wax) ;  again  exposed  to  heat,  and 
afterwards  washed  and  cleaned  by  a  scratch  brush  and 
vinegar.  An  inferior  kind  of  gilding  is  effected  by  dis- 
solving gold,  with  a  fifth  of  its  weight  of  copper,  in  nitro- 
hydrochloric  acid,  dipping  rags  in  the  solution,  drying  and 
burning  them,  and  rubbing  the  ashes  on  the  metallic  sur- 
face with  a  cork  dipped  in  salt  and  water. 

3iLDiNG,  hy  immersion.  Dissolve  teroxide  or  terchloride  of 
gold  in  a  solution  of  pyrophosphate  of  soda,  and  dip  the 
article  to  be  gilt  in  it. 

Electro- Gilding,  hy  Elkington's  patent  process,  is  thus  per- 
formed : — A  solution  of  5  oz.  of  gold  (see  Acid,  Niteo- 
HTDEOCHLOEic,  further  back)  is  prepared,  and  boiled  till 
it  ceases  to  give  out  yellow  vapours :  the  clear  solution  is 
mixed  with  4  gallons  of  water,  20  lbs.  of  bicarbonate  of 
potash  added,  and  the  whole  boiled  for  2  hours.  The 
articles,  properly  cleaned,  are  suspended  on  wires,  and 
moved  about  in  the  liquid  from  a  few  seconds  to  a  minute, 
then  washed,  dried,  and  coloured  in  the  usual  way. 

The  solution  used  in  gilding  with_  the  voltaic  apparatus 
is  made  by  dissolving  i  oz.  of  oxide  of  gold,  with  2  oz.  of 
cyanide  of  potassium,  in  a  pint  of  distilled  water. 

24 


370  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

GiNGEE  Beer.     See  Beverages. 

Ginger  Bread,  Purgative.     See  further  back. 

Glass  of  Borax.  Calcine  boras  with  a  strong  heat  till  the 
water  of  crystallization  is  expelled,  and  the  salt  fuses  into 
a  clear  glass. 

Glass,  Soluble.  Mix  10  parts  of  carbonate  of  potash,  15 
of  quartz  (or  of  sand  free  from  iron  and  alumina),  and  1 
part  of  charcoal.  Fuse  together.  The  mass  is  soluble  in 
4  or  5  parts  of  water ;  and  the  filtered  solution  evaporated 
to  di'yness  yields  a  transparent  glass,  permanent  in  the 
air. — FucHS. 

Glass.  Glass  differs  considerably  in  composition,  owing  to 
the  purposes  for  which  it  is  intended  ;  but  it  may  be  said 
to  consist  mainly  of  mixtures,  in  varying  proportions,  of 
silicates  of  potash,  soda,  lime,  baryta,  magnesia,  alumina, 
and  lead,  coloured  by  the  addition  of  small  quantities  of 
different  metallic  oxide,  particularly  those  of  iron,  manga- 
nese, cobalt,  uranium,  and  gold.  Crowai  glass  and  green 
bottle  glass  contain  a  portion  of  lime.  Green  glass  and 
some  kinds  of  foreign  white  glass  are  free  from  lead,  and 
should  therefore  be  selected  for  chemical  uses. 

Toughened  Glass.  M.  de  la  Bastie's  process  for  toughen- 
ing glass,  consists  in  raising  it  to  a  very  high  temperature, 
and  then  plunging  it  while  hot  into  a  heated  oleaginous  bath. 
The  process  can  only  he  successfully  carried  out  by 
attention  to  a  number  of  minute  details. 

To  mark  on  Glass.  Glass  may  be  written  on  for  temporary 
purposes,  by  French  chalk  ;  pencils  of  this  substance  will 
be  found  convenient.  Glass  may  be  written  on  with  ink. 
if  the  surface  is  clean  and  di-y,  and  the  pen  held  nearly 
perpendicular.  The  shell-lac  ink  (see  Ink)  is  the  best 
for  labels,  as  it  resists  damp,  &c.  To  scratch  glass, 
a  scratching  diamond  is  used;  or  a  piece  of  flint,  or 
crystal  of  quartz,  or  the  point  of  a  small  3-square  file. 
To  engrave  on  glass,  fluoric  (hydrofluoric)  acid  is  used, 
either  in  the  liquid  state  or  in  vapour.  The  glass  must  be 
warmed,  and  coated  \\ith  wax,  or  engravers'  cement,  and 
the  writing  or  design  traced  through  the  wax  with  a  brad- 
awl, or  other  pointed  instrument.  The  liquid  fluoric  acid 
is  poured  on  it,  and  left  to  act  on  the  uncovered  portions 
of  the  glass ;  or  the  fluorspar  may  be  powdered  and  made 


J 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPABATIONS  371 

into  a  paste  with  oil  of  vitriol,  and  laid  over  the  prepared 
surface,  and  covered  with  lead-foil  or  tea-lead  :  or  bruised 
fluorspar  is  put  in  a  Wetlgewood  evaporating  basin,  with 
sufficient    oil    of  vitriol  to    form    a   thin    paste,    and    the 
l)repared  glass  laid  over  the  basin,  so  that  the  vapours 
may  act  on  the  portions  from  which  the  wax  has  been 
removed.      To   cut  glass   (besides  the   usual   method   of 
dividing  cut  glass  by  a  glazier's  diamond),  the  following 
means  may  be  used :— To  divide  glass  tubes  or  rods,  form 
a  deep  mark  round  them  with  the  edge  of  a  sharp  3-square 
tile,  then  with  a  hand  placed  on  either  side  of  the  mark, 
break  the  rod  with  a  slightly  stretching  as  well  as  bend- 
ing motion.     A  diamond  or  sharp  flint  may  be  substituted 
for  a  file.  ^  Flasks,  globes,  and  retorts  may  be  divided  by 
means  of  iron  rings,  having   a   stem   fixed  in  a  wooden 
handle.     Make  the  ring  red-hot,  and  apply  it  to  the  flask, 
itc.     If  the  vessel  do  not  break  where  it  came  in  contact 
with  the  ring,  wet  the  part,  and  it  M-ill  generally  separate. 
Another  method   is  to  twist  together  2   or  3  'threads  of 
cotton,  such  as  is  used  for  wicks,  moisten  them  with  spirit 
of  wine,  and  encircle  the  flask  with  them ;   then  holding 
the  flask  horizontally,  set  fire  to  the  wick,  and  turn  the 
flask  with  the  fingers,  so  as  to  keep  the  flame  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  thread.     If  the  separation  does  not  tafej  place 
the  first  time,  the  process  may  be  repeated  aft«r  the  glass 
has^  cooled.     By  these  means  a  common  oil-flask  may  be 
divided  into  an  evaporating-dish  and  a  funnel.     By  means 
of  a  stout  iron  rod,  fixed  in  a  wooden  handle,  and  termi- 
nating in  a  blunt  point,  and  heated  to  redness,  broken 
retorts,  globes,   and  flasks  may  be  converted  into  useful 
evaporatmg  dishes,  &c.     If  any  crack  exist,  it  may  easily 
be  led  in  any  direction,  as  it  will  follow  the  motion  of  the 
heated  iron.     If  no  crack  exist,  one  must  be  produced  by 
applying  the  point  of  the  heated  rod  to  any  convenient 
spot  on  the  edge  of  the  broken  glass,  touching  it  after- 
wards with  a  moistened  finger,  if  necessary.     The  edo-es 
of  glass  thus  divided  are  rendered  less  apt  to  break  by  heat- 
ing them  in  the  flame  of  a  blowpijie,  or  grinding  them  smooth 
with  emery  on  a  flat  stone.    See  Faeadat's  Manipulations. 
Glass,  to  Platinize.     M.  Dullo.     This  is  recommended  to  ■ 
prevent  fusing  of  the  end  of  the  tube  used  in    Marsh's 


372  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

test  for  arsenic.  lu  drawing  out  the  end  of  the  tube, 
leave  the  diameter  slightly  larger  than  is  necessary ;  then 
roughen  the  narrow  end  with  a  file.  Dip  in  a  solution  of 
bichloride  of  platinum,  containing  one  twentieth  of  the 
metal ;  remove  excess  of  the  di'op,  and  heat  cautiously  till 
the  glass  acquires  a  metallic  appearance.  Repeat  this  four 
or  five  times. 
Glass,  to  Silver.  1.  The  term  silvering  is  commonly  appHed 
to  the  process  of  coating  the  surface  of  glass  with  amalga- 
mated tinfoil,  in  forming  mirrors.  The  tinfoil  Is  rubbed 
over  with  quicksilver,  and  more  of  the  latter  poured  over 
it :  the  plate  of  glass,  perfectly  clean  and  dry,  is  then  ap- 
plied to  it  in  such  a  way  as  to  exclude  all  air-bubbles,  and 
to  bring  the  glass  and  tinfoil  into  perfect  contact.  The 
plate,  after  being  inclined,  so  as  to  allow  the  superfluous 
quicksilver  to  drain  off,  is  loaded  with  weights,  under 
which  it  remains  tiU  the  adhesion  is  complete.  To  convex 
and  concave  mirrors,  tlie  amalgamated  foil  is  applied  by 
means  of  accurately  fitting  plaster  moulds.  The  interior 
of  globes  is  silvered  by  introducing  a  liquid  amalgam  (see 
Amalgams),  and  turning  about  the  globe,  till  every  part 
is  covered  with  it. 

Glass,  to  Silver.  2.  Pettuean's  process.  15-iO  grs.  of 
nitrate  of  silver  are  treated  with  955  grs.  of  strong  solution 
of  ammonia,  and  afterwards  with  7700' grs.  of  water.  To 
this  solution,  when  clear,  are  added  170  grs.  of  tartaric  acid 
dissolved  in  680  of  water,  then  152  cubic  uiches  more  of 
water,  with  brisk  agitation.  "Wlien  it  has  settled,  the 
clear  part  is  poured  off;  152  ciibic  inches  of  water  are 
added  to  the  sediment,  to  dissolve  as  much  as  possible. 
The  clear  fluids  are  mixed,  and  again  62  cubic  inches  of 
water  are  added.  This  is  Silvering  Solution  No.  1.  No.  2 
is  prepared  in  the  same  manner,  but  with  twice  as  much 
tartaric  acid.  Tlie  glass  plate  being  cleaned,  and  laid  hori- 
zontally, an  even  layer  of  Solution  No.  1  is  poured  on  it, 
to  about  the  depth  of  ^\jth  of  an  inch.  Heat  is  then  ap- 
plied by  means  of  a  cast-iron  water-bath  beneath.  Bright 
silver  is  soon  deposited,  "\^^len  the  stratum  of  fluid  is 
exhausted,  it  is  poured  off,  and  solution  No.  2  next  applied 
in  the  same  way.  The  silver  surface  may  be  polished,  or 
coated  with  black  varnish. 


MISCELLANEOtrS   PEEPAEATIOTfS  373 

3.  LiEBiG  proposes  to  silver  glass  without  mercury  by 
a  solution|of  ammonio-uitrate  of  silver,  to  which  potash  or 
soda  is  added,  and  which  deposits  silver  at  ordinary  tem- 
peratures when  brought  in  contact  with  an  aqueous  solu- 
tion of  sugar  of  milk. 

4.  Mr.  Dbatton  mixes  1  oz.  of  nitrate  of  silver,  3  oz. 
of  water,  1  oz.  of  liquid  ammonia,  and  3  oz.  of  spirit 
of  wine,  and  filters  the  solution  after  it  has  stood 
•i  hours.  To  every  oimce  of  the  solution  he  adds  + 
oz.  of  grape  sugar,  dissolved  in  equal  quantities  of  water 
and  alcohol.  The  surface  to  be  silvered  is  covered  with 
this  liqiiid  at  a  temperature  of  160°  F.  maintained  till  the 
deposition  of  silver  is  complete.  ^Tien  quite  dry,  the 
coated  surface  is  covered  with  mastic  varnish.  Other  sub- 
stances besides  sugar  occasion  the  deposition  of  silver  from 
the  ammoniacal  solution  ;  as  oil  of  cassia,  oil  of  cloves,  and 
other  essential  oils,  aldehyde,  &c.  Ungee  recommends  a 
strong  alcoholic  solution  of  tannin.  M.  VoHL  prefers  an 
alkaline  solution  of  gun-cotton.  Dissolve  gun-cotton  in  a 
solution  of  caustic  potash,  pour  it  into  a  solution  of  nitrate 
of  silver,  and  add  ammonia  sufficient  to  redissolve  the  pre- 
cipitate. The  liquor,  being  slowly  heated  in  a  water-bath, 
becomes  brown,  efPervesces,  and  deposits  silver  of  superior 
bi'illiancy 

Glass,  to  Clean.  The  vessel  to  be  cleansed  is  filled,  or  if 
large,  rinsed  with  a  moderately  dilute  solution  of  the 
permanganate  of  potash,  contact  being  prolonged  till  a 
film  of  hydrated  manganic  oxide  has  been  deposited ;  the 
solution  is  then  poured  away,  and  the  glass  vessel  rinsed 
with  some  strong  hydrochloric  acid. 

Glazes.  Common  earthenware  is  glazed  ^\-ith  a  composition 
containing  lead,  on  which  account  it  is  unfit  for  many 
pharmaceutical  purposes.  The  following  glaze  has  been 
proposed,  among  others,  as  a  substitute : — 100  parts  of 
washed  sand,  80  of  purified  potash,  10  of  nitre,  and  20  of 
slaked  lime ;  all  well  mixed  and  heated  in  a  blacklead 
crucible,  in  a  reverberatory  furnace,  till  the  mass  flows  into 
a  clear  glass.  It  is  then  to  be  reduced  to  powder.  The 
goods  to  be  slightly  burnt,  placed  under  water,  and 
sprinkled  with  the  powder. 

Glaze  foe  Poecelain.     Felspar  27  parts,  borax,  18,  Lynu 


S74i  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

sand  4,  nitre  3,  soda  3,  Cornwall  china  clay  3  parts.  Melt 
together  to  form  a  frit,  and  reduce  it  to  a  powder,  with  3 
parts  of  calcined  borax. — Rose. 

Glue  is  made  by  boiling  parings  of  ox-hides  and  other  sldns 
in  water,  evaporating  the  solution  to  a  due  consistence, 
allowing  it  to  gelatinize  in  wooden  boxes,  cutting  it  into 
layers  with  a  wire,  and  drying  the  layers  on  nets  stretched 
on  wooden  frames.  Bones  also  yield  a  pale  glue,  described 
under  Gelatin.  Bank-note  glue,  or  mouth  glue  is  made 
by  dissolving  1  lb.  of  fine  glue,  or  gelatin,  in  water,  evapo- 
rating it  till  most  of  the  water  is  expelled,  adding  ^  lb.  of 
brown  sugar,  and  pouring  it  into  moulds.  Some  add  a 
little  lemon-juice.  It  is  also  '..lade  with  2  parts  of  dex- 
trin, 2  of  water,  and  1  of  spirit. 

Glue,  Liquid.  1.  Dissolve  bruised  orange  shell-lac  in  f  of  its 
weight  of  methylated  or  rectified  spirit,  or  of  rectified  wood 
naphtha,  by  a  gentle  heat.  It  is  a  very  useful  as  a  general 
cement  and  substitute  for  glue.  2.  Anotlier  kind  may  be 
made  by  dissolving  1  oz.  of  borax  in  12  oz.  of  soft  water, 
adding  2  oz.  of  bruised  shell-lac,  and  boiling  till  dissolved, 
stirring  it  constantly.  3.  Dissolve  1000  parts  of  glue  in 
1000  parts  by  weight  of  water  in  a  glazed  pot,  over  a  gentle 
fire.  Wlien  it  is  melted,  add  nitric  acid  (sp.  gr.  1"32) 
200  parts,  pouring  it  in  very  gradually.  An  effervescence 
is  caused  by  the  escape  of  hyponitrous  acid.  \Vlien  all 
the  acid  is  added,  allow  the  mixture  to  cool.  (This  glue 
is  found  to  remain  unaltered  on  exposure  to  the  air.  It 
is  applied  cold,  and  is  recommended  as  very  convenient  in 
chemical  operations.)  M.  Dumoulin. 

Glue,  Marine.  Cut  caoutchouc  into  small  pieces,  and 
dissolve  it,  by  heat  and  agitation,  in  coal  naphtha.  Add 
to  this  solution  powdered  shell-lac,  and  heat  the  whole 
with  constant  stirring,  until  coinbination  takes  place,  then 
pour  it  while  hot  on  metal  plates,  to  form  sheets.  When 
used  it  must  be  heated  to  218°  P.,  and  applied  with  a 
brush. 

Glue  of  Casein.  1.  Braconnot.  Dissolve  casein  in  a 
strong  solution  of  bicarbonate  of  soda.  2.  Wagner. 
Dissolve  casein  in  a  cold  saturated  solution  of  borax. 
Suiaerior  to  gum,  and  may  take  the  place  of  glue  in 
many  cases.     May  be  used  for  the  backs  of  adhesive  tickets. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PKEPAKATIONS  87§ 

Gluten,  Vegetable.  Form  wheat  flour  into  a  stiff  paste 
A\itli  cold  water ;  then  knead  it  under  a  stream  of  water 
till  all  the  starch  is  washed  away.  What  remains  is  im- 
pure gluten. 

Golden  Compound.  Anhydrous  tungstate  of  soda,  or  the 
salt  obtained  in  fusing  2  equivalents  of  tungstic  acid  with 
1  of  carbonate  of  soda,  is  to  be  melted  in  a  porcelain 
crucible,  over  a  spirit  lamp,  at  a  temperature  not  more 
than  sufficient;  then  add  small  pieces  of  pure  tin  to  the 
melted  mass.  Cubes  of  a  golden  colour  instantly  form. 
The  process  should  not  be  continued  too  long,  or  they 
acquire  a  purple  hue.     (See  Aubum  Musivum.) 

Gum,  Beitish.  (See  Dextrin.)  It  is  also  prepared  by 
heating  starch  alone,  or  previously  mixed  with  an  acid. 
PiNEL  directs  half  a  gallon  of  nitric  and  lialf  a  pint  of 
hydrochloric  acid  to  be  mixed  with  100  gallons  of  water, 
and  as  much  potato  fecula  added  as  will  form  a  paste.  In  2 
hours  remove  the  paste  in  buckets,  prepared  for  the  pur- 
pose, to  drain  off  all  the  water.  Then  place  the  paste  in 
small  lumps  in  a  drying  room  till  dry  ;  pulverize  it,  and 
expose  the  powder  the  first  day  to  the  temperature  of 
100°,  the  next  day  raise  it  to  150°,  on  the  tliird  day  to 
190°.  It  is  then  powdered,  sifted,  and  heated  from  300° 
to  350°.  To  give  it  the  appearance  of  gum,  after  it  has 
gone  through  the  stove,  and  is  powdered  and  sifted,  mix 
it  to  a  paste  with  water  to  which  1  per  cent,  of  nitric  acid 
has  been  added,  spread  it  on  copper  plates  in  layers  |  of  an 
inch  thick,  and  heat  it  in  an  oven  from  240°  to  300°,  then 
remove  it  to  the  open  air  to  cool. 

Gum  Arabic,  Purification  of.  Picciotto's  process.  The 
gum  is  dissolved  in  water,  and  sulphurous  acid  gas  passed 
into  it.  The  sulphurous  acid  is  sufficiently  removed  for 
common  purposes  by  gently  boiling  the  mucilage  in  a 
retort  with  a  receiver  attached.  But  to  obtain  the  gum  in 
a  purer  state,  carbonate  of  baryta  is  added,  the  mixture 
is  filtered,  afterwards  agitated  with  gelatinous  alumina, 
again  filtered,  and  evaporated. 

Gun  Barbels,  to  Stain.  (See  Browning  Liquids,  further 
back.) 

Gun  Cotton.  Mix  1^-  fluid  oz.  of  each  of  the  strongest 
nitric  and  sulphuric  acids  ;  put  the  mixture  in  a  Wedge- 


376  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

wood  mortar,  and  when  cool  add  100  grs,  of  cotton  wool. 
Stir  it  with  a  glass  rod,  and  when  it  is  fully  soaked, 
squeeze  out  the  acid  with  tke  pestle  or  a  porcelain  spoon, 
throw  the  cotton  into  a  large  quantity  of  water,  squeeze 
it  again,  and  wash  it  under  a  stream  of  water  till  quite 
free  from  acid.  In  the  specification,  the  patentee  directs 
1  measure  of  nitric  acid,  sp.  gr.  1'45  or  1'50  to  be  mixed 
with  3  measures  of  sulphuric  acid,  sp.  gr.  1'85 ;  the  cotton 
to  be  soaked  in  the  acid,  then  squeezed  from  it,  and  left 
in  a  covered  vessel  for  an  hour ;  and  after  washing,  to  be 
dipped  in  a  solution  of  1  oz.  carbonate  of  potash  in  a 
gallon  of  water,  then  pressed,  and  partially  dried ;  again 
dipped  in  a  weak  solution  of  nitre,  then  dried  in  a  room 
heated  to  150°.  See  Pocket  Formulary.  See  Collo- 
dion. 
Gun  Powder.  A  compound  of  nitre,  charcoal,  and  sulphur. 
The  nitre  should  be  purified  by  recrystallization,  the 
sulphur  by  distillation,  and  the  charcoal  selected  of  the 
best  quality — that  of  the  dog-wood,  alder,  poplar,  chestnut, 
or  willow  is  preferred.  The  following  is  the  composition 
of  some  of  the  most  approved  kinds  : 

Nitre.     Charcoal.  Sulphur. 

Royal  Mills,  Waltham  Abbey  75 

Marsh's  Sporting      ....  76 

Mining 65 

French  (Government)    ...  75 

Sporting 78 

Chinese 75 

Gun  Powder,  White.  Well  dried  yellow  prussiate  of  potash 
1  part,  white  sugar  1  part,  chlorate  of  potash  2  parts. 
Let  the  ingredients  be  separately  reduced  to  a  fine  jjowder, 
and  the  powders  mixed  by  the  hand,  or  by  means  of  a 
leathern  barrel  turning  on  its  axis.  Or  they  may  be 
moistened  vnth  water,  and  granulated  by  passing  the 
paste  through  a  wire  sieve. 

Gypsum,  to  Harden.  K  eating's  patent  i^rocess  is  to 
moisten  calcined  gypsum  with  a  solution  of  1  lb.  of  borax, 
1  lb.  of  tartar,  in  11  lbs.  of  water;  it  is  then  heated  to  red- 
ness for  6  hours,  and  pulverized.     Eedemann  recommends 


15 

10 

15 

9 

15 

20 

12-5 

12-5 

12 

10 

14-14 

9-9 

I 


MISCELLANEOtrS   PBEPAEATIOlfS  377 

plaster  figures,  &c.,  to  be  soaked  in  a  solution  of  Frcn's 
soluble  glass. 

Hahnemann's  Wine  Test.     See  Tests. 

Haeness  Jet.  Take  4  oz.  best  glue,  1^  pints  good  vinegar, 
2  oz.  best  gum  arable,  i  pint  good  black  ink,  2  drs.  best 
isinglass.  Dissolve  the  gum  in  the  ink,  and  melt  the 
isinglass  in  another  vessel  in  as  much  hot  water  as  -will 
cover  it.  Having  first  steeped  the  glue  in  the  ^anegar  until 
soft,  dissolve  it  completely  by  the  aid  of  heat,  stirring  to 
prevent  burning.  The  heat  should  not  exceed  180°.  Add 
the  ink  and  gum,  and  allow  the  mixture  again  to  rise  to 
the  same  temperature.  Lastly,  mix  in  the  solution  of 
isinglass,  and  remove  fi'om  the  fire.  When  used,  a  small 
portion  must  be  heated  until  fluid,  and  then  applied  with 
a  sponge,  and  allowed  to  dry  on. 

Haeness,  Waterproof  Paste  foe.  Put  into  a  pipkin 
black  resin  2  oz.,  place  on  a  gentle  fire,  and  when  melted 
add  bees'-wax  3  oz.  Wlien  this  is  melted,  remove  from 
the  fire,  and  stir  in  |  oz.  fine  lamp-black  and  ^  dr.  Prus- 
sian blue,  finely  powdered.  When  completely  mixed,  add 
spirits  of  turpentine  to  form  a  thin  paste  and  let  it  cool. 
To  be  applied  like  blackmg. 

Heading  foe  Beee.  Equal  parts  of  alum  and  sulphate  of 
iron. — Geat. 

Incense.     See  Peeftjmeey. 

India  Eubbee  Couet  Piaster.  A  stout  frame  of  ^vood 
must  be  made,  about  3  yards  long  and  about  I5  yards  wide. 
Within  this  frame  must  be  placed  two  sides  of  another 
frame,  running  longitudinally  and  across,  so  fixed  in  the 
outer  frame  that  the  two'pieces  may  slide  independently  of 
each  other  backwards  and  forwards  about  6  inches.  Tapes 
of  canvas  must  be  tacked  round  the  inside  of  the  inner 
frame  and  the  corresponding  sides  of  the  outer  frame,  so 
as  to  form  a  square  for  the  material  to  be  se^^^l  in,  which 
when  done,  the  two  loop  frames  must  be  dra^ra  tightly  to 
the  outer  by  means  of  a  twine  passed  round  each,  in  order 
to  stretch  perfectly  free  from  irregularities  the  silk  or 
satin  previous  to  laj-ing  on  the  composition. 

To  make  the  plaster.  Dissolve  India  rubber  in  naphtha 
or  naphtha  and  turpentine,  lay  it  on  witli  a  flat  brush  on 
the  opposite  side  to  that  which  is  intended  for  the  plaster. 


378  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

When  the  silk  is  perfectly  dry  and  the  smell  in  a  great 
measnre  dissipated,  it  will  be  ready  for  the  adhesive  ma- 
terial; to  make  which  take  eqvial  parts  of  Salisbury  or  fine 
llussian  glue  and  the  best  isinglass,  dissolve  in  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  water  over  a  water-bath,  and  lay  on  with  a  flat 
hogtool  while  warm.  It  is  recpiisite  to  use  great  caution 
to  spread  [the  plaster  evenly  and  in  one  direction,  and  a 
sufficient  number  of  coatings  must  be  given  to  form  a 
smooth  surface,  through  which  the  texture  of  the  fabric 
is  not  perceptible.  Each  coating  should  be  perfectly  dry 
before  the  succeeding  one  is  given,  after  which  the  frame 
is  to  be  placed  in  a  situation  free  from  dust,  and  where  a 
draught  of  air  would  facilitate  the  drying.  The  quantity 
of  water  used  and  the  weight  of  the  two  materials  must 
be  a  little  varied  according  to  the  season  and  the  gelatin 
strength  they  possess.  Lastly,  the  plaster  being  ready  to 
receive  the  polishing  coat,  which  gives  also  the  balsamic 
effect  to  it,  a  preparation  is  made  in  nearly  the  same 
manner  as  the  Tinct.  Benz.  Co.  of  the  P.  L.,  with  the  ad- 
dition of  more  gums.  This  preparation  must  be  laid  on 
once  only,  and  with  a  In-ush  kept  for  the  purpose.  For 
making  plasters  on  coloured  silks  it  is  only  necessary  to 
select  the  silk  a  shade  deeper  than  the  colour  required,  as 
the  plaster  causes  it  to  appear  a  little  lighter. 
Indigo.  The  principal  preparations  of  indigo  are  described 
under  Chemic  Blue,  and  Dyes.  Indigo  may  be  puri- 
fied by  several  methods,  'of  which  the  following  is  the 
mest  simple : — Mix  indigo  with  half  its  weight  of  Paris 
plaster  and  sufficient  water  to  form  a  thin  paste.  Spread 
this  evenly  on  an  iron  plate,  about  two  inches  wide,  to  the 
depth  of  one  eighth  of  an  inch,  and  let  it  dry  in  the  air. 
Then  apply  the  flame  of  a  large  spirit  lamp  to  the  under 
side  of  the  plate,  beginning  at  one  end  and  advancing 
it  to  the  other  as  the  sublimation  proceeds.  The  violet 
vapour  condenses  on  the  surface  in  brilliant  prisms  or 
plates.  Good  indigo  yields  from  15  to  17  per  cent. — Mr. 
T.  Taylor. 

Purified  indigo  is  also  obtained  from  the  alkaline  solu- 
tion of  reduced  indigo,  described  under  Dyes  ;  or  by  dis- 
solving indigo  in  a  mixture  of  1  part  of  caustic  soda,  1  of 
grape  sugar,  and  20  of  water.     To  the  clear  solutions  thus 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  379 

oUained  add  hydrochloric  acid  to  throw  down  the  iiidipfo, 
wash  this  perfectly  with  pure  water,  and  finally  with 
alcohol.  If  care  be  taken  to  exclude  the  air  before  and 
after  adding  the  acid,  and  to  wash  it  with  recently  boiled 
water,  to  drain  it  rapidly  and  dry  it  in  vacuo,  the  indigo 
is  obtained  nearly  white,"^  but  becomes  blue  on  exposure  to 
the  air. 
I>^KS.  The  following  are  specimens  of  the  most  useful 
kinds : 

BlacJc  Writing  Inks.  1.  Bbande's.  Bruised  Aleppo 
galls  6  oz.,  soft  water  6  pints ;  boil  together,  add  4  oz.  of 
sulphate  of  iron  and  4  oz.  of  gum  arable.  Put  the  whole 
in  a  bottle,  and  keep  it  in  a  warm  place,  shaking  it  occa- 
sionally. In  2  mouths  pour  it  off  into  glass  bottles  ;  and 
add  to  each  pint  a  grain  of  corrosive  sublimate,  or  3  or  4 
drops  of  creasote. 

2.  Dr.  Wollaston's,  Galls  1  oz.,  gum  i  oz.,  cloves 
i  dr.,  sul]ihate  of  iron  ^  oz.,  water  8  oz.  Digest  with  fre- 
quent shaking,  till  it  has  sufficient  colour.  A  good  durable 
ink,  and  will  bear  diluting. 

3.  Prerogative  Court  InTc.  Galls  16  oz.,  gum  6  oz.,  alum 
2  oz.,  sulphate  of  iron  7  oz.,  kiuo  3  oz.,  logwood  in  powder 
4  oz.,  water  8  lbs. — Gbat. 

4.  Dr.  Ure's  Ink.  For  12  gallons  of  ink  take  12  lbs. 
of  bruised  galls,  5  lbs.  of  gum  Senegal,  5  lbs.  of  green  sul- 
phate of  iron,  and.  12  gallons  of  rain  water.  Boil  the  galls 
in  a  copper  with  9  gallons  of  water  for  3  hours,  adding 
fresh  water  to  replace  what  is  lost  by  evaporation.  Let 
the  decoction  settle,  and  draw  off  the  clear  liquor ;  add  to 
it  a  strained  solution  of  the  gum  ;  dissolvealso  the  sulphate 
of  iron  separately,  and  mix  the  whole.  Instead  of  boiling 
the  galls,  they  may  be  macerated  in  a  portion  of  hot  water 
for  12  hours,  then  put  into  a  percolator,  and  the  rest  of 
the  water  passed  through  it. 

5.  Anti-corrosive  Ink.  Aleppo  galls  10  lbs.,  logwood  5 
lbs.,  pomegranate-peel  2i  lbs.,  cloves  2^  oz.,  soft  water  8 
gallons.  Let  the  whole  boil  gently  for  an  hour  or  two, 
then  cover  the  copper  and  letive  it  for  12  or  14  hours, 
stirring  it  now  and  then.  Strain  off  the  decoction  and 
add  2  gallons  more  water  to  the  ingredients  ;  simmer 
gently  for  an  hour,  and  strain.     Mix  the  liquors,  and  let 


380  Teade  chemicals 

them  settle;  draw  off  the  clear  liquid  from  the  dregs; 
dissolve  in  a  portion  of  it  2i  lbs.  of  gum  arable  and  i  lb.  of 
sugar  candy  ;  and  in  another  portion  2^  lbs.  of  green  sul- 
phate of  iron.  Strain  both  solutions,  and  mix  the  whole 
together ;  then  add  1  oz.  of  calcined  borax,  and  t  oz.  of 
creasote  dissolved  in  \  pint  of  spirit  of  wine.  [Dr.  Haee 
recommends  an  ink  free  from  acid,  to  be  made  with  galls 
and  "  finery-cinder ;"  but  we  are  not  sure  what  is  intended 
by  this  name.] 

6.  RlBATJCOtTRT's  Ink.  Galls  1  lb.,  logwood  I  lb.,  gum 
6  oz.,  sulphate  of  .'iron  ^  lb.,  sulphate  of  copper  2  oz., 
sugar  2  oz.,  water  12  lbs.  (or  5  quarts).  This  has  the  dis- 
advantage of  corroding  the  steel  pens  and  the  penknives 
with  which  it  comes  in  contact. 

7.  Galls  3  oz.,  sulphate  of  iron  1  oz.,  logwood  ^  oz., 
gum  i  oz.,  ale  a  quart.  Let  it  stand  in  a  loosely  corked 
bottle  in  a  M'arm  place,  for  a  M'cek  or  more,  shaking  it 
daily. 

8.  Boil  4  oz.  of  logwood  for  an  hour  in  6  quarts  of 
water ;  adding  boiling  water  as  it  evaporates :  then  add 
16  oz.  of  blue  galls  coarsely  bruised,  4  oz.  of  dry  sul- 
phate of  iron  (i.  e.  heated  till  it  becomes  whitish  and 
pulverulent),  3  oz.'  of  brown  sugar,  6  oz.  of  gum  arable, 
and  5  oz.  acetate  of  copper  ground  with  a  little  of  the 
decoction.  Keep  the  whole  in  a  bottle  imcorked  for  a 
fortnight,  shaking  it  twice  a  day. 

9.  Reade's  Patent.  This  differs  from  common  black 
ink,  in  containing  a  portion  of  soluble  Prussian  blue. 

10.  Clirome  Ink.  Extract  of  logwood  ^  oz.,  gum  \  oz., 
water  a  pint.  Dissolve  also  in  12  oz.  of  water,  ^  oz.  of 
yellow  chromate  of  potash  (or  \  oz.  each  of  bichromate 
and  bicarbonate  of  potash) ;  and  mix  the  two  solutions. 
The  ink  is  ready  for  immediate  use. 

11.  Dr.  Lewis's  TTriting  Ink.  Powdered  sulphate  of 
iron  1  oz.,  powdered  logwood  1  oz.,  powdered  galls  3  oz., 
gum  arable  1  oz.,  white  wine  or  vinegar  1  quart. 

12.  Beezelius  recommends  a  solution  of  vanadiate  of 
ammonia  in  infusion  of  galls.  Dr.  Uee  states  that  this 
forms  the  most  perfect  ink  that  can  be  desired;  but 
the  scarcity  and  high  price  of  the  vanadiate  prevents. its 
use. 


I 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  381 

13.  Ettnge's  Blach  Writing  Fluid.  Boil  logwood 
22  lbs.,  ill  enough  water  to  yield  14  gallons  of  decoction. 
To  1000  parts  of  this  decoction,  when  cold,  add  1  part  of 
clu-omate  of  potash.  The  mixture  is  to  be  weU  stirred. 
The  proportions  are  to  be  carefully  observed,  and  the 
yellow  chromate,  not  the  bichromate,  employed.  (This 
ink  is  said  to  possess  some  great  advantages ;  to  adhere 
strongly  to  paper,  so  that  it  can  neither  be  washed  o£E  by 
water,  nor  even  altered  by  weak  acids ;  to  form  no  de- 
posit ;  and  not  to  be  in  the  least  act^d  upon  by  steel  pens.) 
Steel  pens  should  be  washed  in  an  alkaline  solution  before 
being  used  with  this  ink.  On  exposure  to  the  air,  rapid 
decomposition  of  this  fluid  sometimes  takes  place.  This 
may  be  prevented  by  adding  a  little  carbonate  of  soda  to 
the  fluid. 

14.  Alizarine  Ink.  Leonhabdi.  Digest  24  parts 
Aleppo  galls  with  3  parts  of  Dutch  madder  and  120  warm 
water.  Filter.  Mix  1-2  parts  solution  of  indigo,  5-2jof 
sulphate  of  iron,  and  2  parts  crude  acetate  of  iron  solu- 
tion. ;This  ink  contains  no  gum,  and  cannot  get  mouldy; 
the  tannate  of  iron  is  prevented  from  separating  by  the 
sulphate  of  indigo.  Alizarine  ink  may  be  evaporated  to 
dryness  and  formed  into  cakes;  1  part  with  six  of  hot 
water  will  then  form  an  excellent  wTiting  fluid. 

Packers'  Marking  Ink  is  merely  the  dregs  of  black  ink, 
for  marking  parcels  with  a  brush. 

Copying  Ink.  Mr.  Brande  directs  1  oz.  of  brown 
sugar  to  be  added  to  Xo.  1,  for  copying.  Another  kind  is 
made  by  dissolving  |  oz.  of  gum,  and  20  grs.  of  Spanish 
liquorice,  in  13  drs.  of  water,  and  adding  to  it  a  drachm  of 
lamp-black,  pre^-iously  mixed  with  a  teaspoonful  of  sherry. 
If  the  lamp-black  is  greasy,  it  should  be  heated  to  redness 
in  a  covered  crucible.  Another  published  form  is : — Black 
ink  3  oz.,  sugar  candy  1  oz. 

Ink  Powder.  This  consists  of  the  dry  ingredients  for 
ink,  powdered  and  mixed.  1.  Powdered  galls  4  oz.,  sul- 
phate of  iron  (heated  till  it  becomes  wliite  and  pulveru- 
lent) 1  oz.,  powdered  gum  1  oz.,  white  sugar  2  oz. ;  mix. 
To  make  a  quart  of  ink,  with  water  or  beer. 

2.  Powdered  galls  2  lbs.,  green  vitriol  1  lb.,  powdered 


382  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

gum  8  oz.     In  2  oz.  packets,  each  for  1  pint  of  ink. — 
Geay. 

Red  Writing  Inks.  1.  Best  ground  Brazil  wood  4  oz., 
diluted  acetic  acid  a  pint,  alum  ^  oz.  Boil  them  slowly 
in  a  covered  turned  copper  or  enamelled  saucepan,  for  an 
hour  ;  strain,  and  add  ^  qt..  gum.  Some  direct  the  Braztl 
wood  to  infuse  for  2  or  3  days  before  boiling. 

2.  Weber's  Bed  Ink.  Boil  4  oz.  of  Pernambuca 
wood  with  16  oz.  of  dilute  acetic  acid  and  an  equal  quan- 
tity of  water,  until  24  oz.  remain.  Add  an  ounce  of  alum, 
and  evaporate  again  to  16  oz.  ;  add  gum  aralic  1  oz., 
strain :  and  to  the  cold  liquid  add,  lastly,  1  dr.  of  proto- 
chloride  of  tin.  (Said  to  be  of  a  finer  colour,  ami  more 
permanent,  than  cochineal  ink.) 

3.  Boil  2  oz.  of  good  Brazil  wood,  ^  oz.  of  alum,  and 
a"  oz.  of  cream  of  tartar,  in  16  oz.  of  ram  water,  till  reduced 
to  half ;  strain,  and  dissolve  in  it  |  oz.  of  gum  arable,  and 
add  a  tincture  made  with  1-^  drs.  of  cochineal  in  I-2-  oz.  of 
spirit  of  wine. — Hexselee. 

4.  Brazil  4  oz.,  alum  2  oz.,  water  a  quart.  Boil  for  an 
hour,  and  strain ;  then  add  1  oz.  of  gum. 

5.  Triturate  1  dr.  of  cochineal  and  1  dr.  of  carbonate 
of  potash,  with  a  little  boiKng  water ;  then  add  1  dr.  of 
burnt  alum  and  2  drs.  of  cream  of  tartar,  and  water  to 
bring  it  to  the  desired  colour.  [Not  so  permanent  as  the 
Brazil  ink.] 

6.  Carmine  Ink.  Heat  a  scruple  of  carmine  with  3  oz. 
of  water  of  ammonia  for  some  minutes,  a  little  below  boil- 
ing, and  add  15  to  20  grs.  of  gum.  (The  inkstand  must 
be  kept  well  closed.) 

7.  Stephen's  Red  Ink.  (Patent).  Take  some  common 
soda,  potash,  or  carbonate  of  ammonia,  and  add  to  it,  at 
intervals,  twice  its  weight  of  crude  argol  in  powder.  Wlien 
effervescence  has  ceased,  pour  off  the  solution,  or  filter  it 
from  insoluble  matter.  Add  to  it  next,  by  measure,  half 
the  quantity  of  oxalate  of  alumina,  prepared  by  addmg 
to  precipitated  alumina  in  a  damp  state  as  much  oxalic 
acid  as  will  dissolve  it.  Into  this  mixture,  when  cold,  put 
as  much  powdered  cochineal  as  will  give  it  a  fine  red  colour, 
and,  after  letting  it  stand  for  48  hours,  strain  it  for  use. 

Bine  Inks,     1,  Reade's  Patent.     Prepare  a  solution  of 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPAEATIONS  38B 

iodide  of  iron,  from  iodine,  iron,  and  water;  add  to  the 
solntion  half  as  much  iodine  as  first  used.  Pour  this 
solution  into  a  semi-saturated  solution  of  f  erro-pi'ussiate  of 
potash,  containing  nearly  as  much  of  the  salt  as  the 
whole  weight  of  iodine.  Collect  the  precipitate,  wash  it, 
and  finally  dissolve  it  in  water,  to  form  the  blue  ink.  Tlie 
solntion  from  which  the  precipitate  is  separated,  evapo- 
rated to  dryness,  and  the  residue  fused,  redissolved,  and 
crystallized,  yields  pure  iodide  of  potassium.  [This  process 
being  patented,  ink  must  not  be  prepared  by  it  for  sale.] 

2.  Add  a  pint  of  a  cold  solution  of  persulphate  of  iron 
(prepared  as  directed,  further  on)  to  a  solution  of  6  oz.  of 
ferro-cyanide  of  potassium  in  2  pints  of  water.  Collect 
the  precipitate,  wash  it  with  distilled  water  until  it  begins 
to  dissolve,  then  triturate  it  in  a  mortar  with  snflicient 
distilled  water  to  form  a  blue  ink. 

3.  Chemic,  or  Saxon  blue  (sulphate  of  indigo),  diluted 
with  water  to  the  desired  shade,  with  a  little  gum. 

4.  Pure  Prussian  blue,  triturated  with  a  sixth  part  of 
its  weight  of  oxalic  acid,  with  a  little  water,  to  a  smooth 
paste,  and  more  water  added  to  bring  it  to  the  proper 
colour.  A  larger  proportion  of  the  acid  is  ordered  in  some 
recipes. 

5.  Dr.  Nohmandy's  Blue  Ink.  Chinese  blue  (ferro- 
cyanide  of  iron)  is  ground  in  water  with  binoxalate  of 
potasli  and  gum  arable,  in  the  following  proportions : — 
7  oz.  of  water  to  3  drs.  of  Chinese  blue,  1  dr.  of  binoxalate 
of  potash,  and  1  dr.  of  gum  arabic. 

6.  Stephen's  Patent  Blue  Ink.  Common  Prussian  blue 
is  first  macerated  in  strong  sulphuric  acid,  then  rei^eatedly 
washed  in  water,  and  afterwards  dried.  This  process  is  to 
render  it  more  soluble  in  oxalic  acid,  which  is  now  to  be 
gradually  added  in  the  propoi-tion  of  about  1  part  to  6  of 
the  Prussian  blue  (as  before  maceration),  together  with 
sufficient  water  to  yield  a  dense  blue  solution. 

7.  Digest  2  oz.  of  the  cuttings  of  tin  plate  with  4  oz.  of 
nitrous  acid,  and  add  the  solution  to  a  gallon  of  water  in 
which  2  oz.  of  prussiate  of  potash  have  been  dissolved. 
[This  requires  fi'equent  shaking  to  keep  the  precijjitate 
(which  is  Prussian  blue)  suspended.] 

Violet  Inks.     1.  Boil  8oz.  of  logwood  in  3  pints  of  rain 


384  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

or  distilled  water  to  li  pints.     Strain,  and  add  IJ  oz.  of 

clean  gum,  and  2|  oz.  of  alum  in  fine  power.  Agitate 
frequently  till  dissolved. 

2.  Cudbear  1  oz.,  jjearlasli  IJ  oz.,  mucilage  2  oz.,  soft 
M'ater  to  make  a  pint.  Pour  the  water  hot  on  the  cudbear 
and  pearlash,  allow  the  mixtixre  to  stand  for  twelve  hours, 
then  strain,  and  add  the  mucilage;  1  oz.  of  rectified 
spirit  may  also  be  added. 

Furple  Inks.  1.  Add  a  little  muriate  (chloride)  of  tin 
to  a  strong  decoction  of  logwood.  A  Uttle  gum  may  be 
added. 

2.  Dr.  NoEMANDY's  Purple  Ink.  To  12  lbs.  of  Cam- 
peachy  wood  add  as  many  gallons  of  boiling  water,  pour 
the  solution  through  a  funnel,  with  a  strainer  made  of 
coarse  flaimel,  or  1  lb.  of  hydrate,  or  acetate  of  deutoxide  of 
copper  finely  powdered  (having  at  the  bottom  of  the  funnel 
a  piece  of  sponge) ;  then  add  immediately  14  lbs.  of  alum, 
and  for  every  340  gallons  of  liquid  add  80  lbs.  of  gum  arable 
or  gum  Senegal.  Let  these  remain  for  3  or  4  days,  and  a 
beautiful  j)urple  colour  will  be  produced. 

Brown  Ink.  1.  Boil  \  oz.  of  catechu  with  8  oz.  of  water 
until  dissolved,  and  strain.  Dissolve  60  grains  of  bichro- 
mate of  potash  in  I5  oz.  of  water,  and  add  it  gradually  to 
the  solution  of  catechu  until  the  desired  shade  is  obtained. 
It  requires  no  gum. 

2.  By  adding  to  the  violet  ink  finely  powdered  bichro- 
mate of  potash,  in  the  proportion  of  from  15  to  30  gi-ains 
to  an  ounce,  various  shades  of  brown  and  snuff  colour  are 
obtained. 

Yelloiv  Ink.  1.  Gamboge  triturated  with  water,  and  a 
little  alum  added. 

2.  Boil  8  oz.  of  French  berries  with  1  oz.  of  alum  in  a 
quart  of  water ;  strain,  and  add  1  oz.  of  gum. 

Green  Ink.  1.  Dissolve  3  drs.  of  bichromate  of  potash 
in  1  oz.  of  water ;  add  to  the  hot  solution  J  oz.  of  alcohol, 
and  decompose  the  mixture  by  a  little  strong  sulphuric 
acid  till  it  assumes  a  browiT  colour.  Evaporate  the  liquid 
to  half,  let  it  cool,  dilute  with  a  suflicient  quantity  of 
water,  and  filter  ;  add  to  the  filtered  liquid  4  drs.  of  al- 
cohol, decompose  with  a  few  drops  of  sulphuric  acid,  and 
let  it  rest.     After  some  time  it  assumes  a  fine  green  colour. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PEEPAKATIOXS — INKS         385 

A  little  gmn  may  be  added.     [There  is  danger  of  the  paper 
and  steel  pens  suffering  from  an  excess  of  sulphuric  acid.] 

— WiNCKLEE. 

2.  Distilled  verdigris  2  oz.,  ci-eam  of  tartar  1  oz.,  water 
8  oz. ;  boil  to  half  and  filter. — Klapeoth. 

3.  Add  to  the  yellow  ink  No.  2  sufficient  sulphate  of 
indigo. 

4.  Dissolve  sap  green  in  water  with  a  little  alum. 

5.  Rub  3y  drs.  of  Prussian  blue,  and  3  drs.  of  gamboge, 
with  2  oz.  of  mucilage,  and  add  i;  pint  of  water. 

Gold  and  Silver  Ink.  Fine  bronze  ijowdei-,  or  gold  or 
silver  leaf,  ground  with  a  little  sulphate  of  potash,  and 
washed  from  the  salt,  is  mixed  with  water  and  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  gum.  Or,  the  gold  leaf  may  be  ground  on  a 
slab  with  honey,  whicii  is  afterwards  washed  away. 

Indestructible  Writincf  Fluids.  The  common  writing 
inks  being  liable  to  be  obliterated  by  many  chemical  agents, 
several  compounds  more  capable  of  resisting  these  agents 
have  been  proposed ;  of  which  the  following  appear 
deserving  of  notice. 

1.  Carbon  Ink.  Dissolve  real  Indian  ink  in  common 
black  ink  ;  or  add  a  small  quantity  of  lamp-black  pre- 
viously heated  to  redness,  and  ground  perfectly  smooth, 
with  a  small  portion  of  the  ink. 

2.  Stephen's  (patent)  Carbon  Ink.  Common  soda  of 
commerce  is  mixed  with  resinous  matters  (as  shell-lac  or 
resin),  in  about  equal  parts  by  weight.  Water  being  added 
according  to  the  strength  required,  the  solution  is  boiled 
until  the  resin  has  become  dissolved.  Mix  in  a  mortar 
with  the  requisite  quantity  of  fine  lamp-black,  and  add  any 
suitable  coloured  solution. 

3.  Shell-lac,  Ink  or  Coathttpe's  Writing  Fluid.  To  18 
oz.  of  water  add  1  oz  of  powdered  boraY,  and  2  oz,  of 
bruised  shell-lac,  and  boil  tliem  in  a  covered  vessel,  stir- 
ring them  occasionally,  till  dissolved.  Filter,  when  cold, 
through  coarse  filtering  paper ;  add  1  oz.  of  mucilage  ; 
boil  for  a  few  minutes,  adding  sufficient  finely  powdered 
indigo  and  lamp-black  to  colour  it.  Leave  the  mixture  for 
2  or  3  hours  for  the  coarser  particles  to  subside  ;  pour  it 
off  from  the  dregs,  and  bottle  it  for  use. 

4.  Qluten  Ink.     Dissolve  wheat  gluten,  free  from  starch, 

25 


38G  TBADE    CHEMICALS 

in  we.ik  acetic  acid  of  the  strength  of  coiinuon  vinegar 
mix  10  grs.  of  hunp-bhick  and  2  grs.  of  indigo  with  4  oz. 
of  tlie  solution,  and  a  drop  or  two  of  oil  of  cloves. 

5.  HArssMANN's.  Dissolve  1  part  of  genuine  asphaltum 
^^■itll  4  parts  of  oil  of  turpentine,  and  sutRcient  lamp-black. 
If  sufficient  lamp-black  be  used  to  give  it  a  suitable  con- 
sistence, it  may  be  used  with  types. 

6.  Beacoxnet's  Indelible  Ink.  Take  20  parts  of  Dant- 
zic  potash,  10  of  tanned  leather  parings,  and  5  of  sulphur  ; 
boil  them  in  an  iron  pot  with  sufficient  water  to  dryness  ; 
then  raise  the  heat,  stirring  the  matter  constantly,  till  the 
whole  becomes  soft,  taking  care  tliat  it  does  not  ignite. 
Add  sufficient  water,  and  filter  through  cloth.  It  must 
be  kept  from  the  air.  It  flows  freely  from  the  pen,  and 
resists  many  chemical  agents ;  but  it  is  not  strictly  in- 
delible. 

7.  Dr.  Normandy's  Indelible  InJc.  Frankfort  lamp- 
black 24  11)S.,  to  be  ground  with  mucilage,  made  by  adding 
24  lbs.  of  gum  to  60  gallons  of  water,  and  the  mixture 
filtered  thi-ough  a  very  coarse  flannel ;  4  lbs.  of  oxalic  acid 
are  then  added,  with  as  much  decoction  of  cochineal 
and  sulphate  of  indigo  as  will  yield  the  shade  of  colour 
desired. 

8.  Indian  Ink.  Real  lamp-black,  produced  by  combus- 
tion of  linseed  oil,  ground  with  gum,  and  infusion  of  galls. 
It  is  prepared  both  in  a  liquid  and  solid  form,  the  latter 
being  dried  in  the  sun. 

9.  Gold  is  mixed  with  Indian  ink,  equal  parts. 

10.  Puschee's  Indelible  Ink.  Dissolve  4  parts  of  aniline 
black  in  16  parts  by  weight  of  alcohol,  with  60  drops  of 
strong  hydrochloric  acid,  and  dilute  the  solution  with  90 
parts  by  weight  of  water  in  which  6  parts  of  gum  arabic 
have  been  previously  dissolved.  It  is  said  not  to  act  uijon 
steel  pens,  nor  be  altered  by  alkalies  or  acids. 

Indelible  Ink,  for  printing  Cotton  and  Linen  fabrics 
intended  for  chlorine  bleaching.  One  part  of  coal-tar 
mixed  with  one  part  of  benzine,  and  one  tenth  part  of 
lamp-black.  It  can  be  made  thicker  or  thinner  by  using 
more  or  less  benzine. — Pharm.  Jottenal. 

Ink  for  tvriting  on  Zinc  Labels. — Horticultural  Ink : — 
1 .  Dissolve  100  grs.  of  chloride  of  platinum  in  a  pint  of 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPARATIONS — INKS  387 

■water.  A  little  mucilage  and  lamp-black  may  be 
added. 

2.  Sal  ammoniac  1  dr.,  verdigris  1  dr.,  lamp-black  i  dr., 
water  10  drs. ;  mi.K. 

Ink  for  writing  on  Steel  or  Tin  Plate,  or  Sheet  Zinc. 
1.  Mix  1  oz.  of  powdered  sulphate  of  copper  and  ^  oz.  of 
l)0\vdered  sal  ammoniac  with  2  oz.  of  diluted  acetic  acid  j 
adding  lamp-black  or  vermilion. 

2.  Dissolve  1  i:)art  of  copper  in  10  of  nitric  acid,  and 
dilute  with  10  parts  of  water. 

White  Marking  for  Black  Bottles,  in  cellars.  Grind 
flake  white,  or  sulphate  of  baryta,  with  a  little  oil  of 
turpentine,  and  any  light  coloui'ed  varnish,  to  a  pi'oper 
consistence. 

Lithographic  Ink.  1.  Lasteyrie's  : — Dried  soap  1  oz., 
melt,  and  add  shell-lac  5  oz.,  then  common  soda  1  oz., 
mastic  1  oz.,  and  lastly,  lamp-black  3  drs.  Melt,  stir 
together,  and,  when  completely  melted,  pour  into  moulds  : 
to  be  used  as  Indian  ink. 

2.  Autographic.  White  soap  100  parts,  white  wax 
100,  mutton  suet  30,  shell-lac  50,  mastic  50,  lamp-black 
30  or  35.     Melted  as  above. 

3.  Lithographic  Ink.  Heat  40  parts  of  yellow  wax 
until  its  vapour  kindles  on  coming  in  contact  with  a 
burning  match  j  tlien  remove  it  from  the  fire,  and  add 
gradually,  in  small  parts,  Marseilles  soap  22  parts,  gum- 
lac  28  parts,  and  mastic  10  parts.  Extinguish  the  flame, 
and  incorporate  perfectly  with  this  mixture,  lamp-black 
9  parts.  Then  again  heat  until  the  vapour  can  be  ignited, 
then  remove  it  from  the  fire,  and  after  the  flame  has  been 
extinguished,  pour  it  upon  a  stone.  The  mass  is  then  cut 
into  pieces. — M.  Weishaupt. 

4.  Crayons.  White  wax  8  oz.,  white  soap  2  oz.,  shell- 
lac  2  oz.,  lamp-black  3  tablespoonf uls.  Melt  the  wax  and 
soap  with  a  brisk  fire ;  stir  in  the  lamp-black ;  allow  the 
mixture  to  burn  for  half  a  minute,  tlicn  extinguish  the 
flame,  and  add  the  sheel-lac  by  degrees,  stirring  continually. 
Put  the  mixture  on  the  fii-e  till  it  kindles,  or  nearly  so. 
Extinguish  the  flame,  let  the  mixture  cool  a  little,  and 
pour  it  into  moulds. 


388  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

Inks  for  MarTcing  Linen.  Some  of  these  are  used  mtli 
types ;  others  with  a  clean  quill  pen. 

1.  Sulphate  of  mangauese  1  dr.,  water  1  dr.,  powdered 
sugar  2  drs.,  lamp-black  ^  dr.  Triturate  them  together, 
and  stamp  in  on  the  linen  with  types.  Wlien  dry,  wash 
the  part  with  liquor  potassfe ;  again  dry,  and  wash  with 
plenty  of  water. 

2.  Dr.  Smellie's.  Sulphate  of  iron  1  dr.,  linseed  oil 
1  oz. ;  Vermillion  \  oz. :  grind  perfectly  smooth.  Printers' 
ink  is  also  used  with  type. 

3.  Heat  to  redness  equal  weights  of  black  oxide  of 
manganese  and  caustic  potash,  and  mix  it  with  an  equal 
weight  of  pipe-clay,  and  sufficient  water  to  give  it  a  due 
consistence.  To  be  applied  with  types  or  stencils.  It 
becomes  brovni,  and  does  not  wash  out.  The  following 
are  used  with  a  quill  pen : 

4.  Nitrate  of  silver  100  grs.,  distilled  water  1  oz.,  gum 
arable  2  drs.,  sap  green  a  scruple  :  dissolve.  The  linen 
is  first  to  be  wetted  with  the  following  pot(nce,  dried  and 
rubbed  smooth,  then  written  on  by  a  clean  quill  or  bone 
pen  dipped  in  the  ink.  Pounce  or  Mordant.  Sub- 
carbonate  of  soda  1  oz.,  water  8  oz.  [A  great  variety  of 
recipes  might  be  given,  slightly  differing  from  the  above 
in  the  proportion  of  the  ingredients,  and  in  the  colouring 
matter.  Gray  directs  2  drs.  of  nitrate  of  silver,  6  drs.  of 
water,  and  2  of  mucilage,  and  a  pounce  of  1  oz.  of  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda  in  16  of  water,  with  a  little  sap  green. 
Another  form  is — nitrate  of  silver  1  oz.,  distilled  water 
5  oz.,  powdered  gum  1^  oz.,  sap  green  sufficient  to  colour 
it.  The  linen  to  be  first  wetted  with  the  following  pre- 
paration : — Subcarbonate  of  soda  1  oz.,  water  6  oz.,  gum 
1  oz. ;  dissolve.  Some  add  a  little  powdered  bole  to  the 
prepai'ation ;  the  object  in  colouring  it  being  merely  that 
the  part  which  has  been  wetted  may  be  more  readily 
distinguished.  The  quantity  of  nitrate  of  silver  should 
not  be  much  less  than  100  grs.  in  an  ounce  of  ink ;  the 
jiroportion  of  the  other  ingredients  is  of  less  importance. 
Some  direct  the  acUlition  of  a  drop  or  two  of  nitric  acid.] 

5.  Italian.  Moisten  the  linen  with  a  solution  of  re- 
cently prepared  chloride  of  tin,  and  write  with  a  neutral 
solution  of  salt  of  gold. 


MISCELLAIfEOrS   PKEPAEATIONS — IXKS         389 

Marking  Ink,  without  Preparation.  Tliese  inks  merely 
require  to  have  a  hot  iron  passed  over  the  part  written 
on,  and  to  be  held  pretty  near  the  fire  till  the  writing 
assumes  a  dark  colour. 

1.  Nitrate  of  silver  3  drs.,  water  \\  oz. ;  dissolve,  and 
add  as  much  strong  liquid  ammonia  as  will  redissolve  the 
precipitate  formed  by  it ;  add  2  drs.  of  mucilage,  a  little 
sap  green,  and  water,  if  required,  to  make  up  the  mea- 
sure to  2  oz.  A  little  ivory-black,  Indian  ink,  or  indigo, 
is  sometimes  used  to  colour  it.  Some  recipes  contain 
nitrate  of  copper  in  addition  to  nitrate  of  silver.  Several 
recipes  might  be  given,  but  they  will  all  probably  be 
superseded  by  Mr.  Redwood's.  [In  operating  with  am- 
monia and  nitrate  of  silver,  fulminating  silver  is  some- 
times unexpectedly  formed,  and  may  pi'ove  a  source  of 
danger.  Perhaps  in  tliis  respect,  as  well  as  others,  Mr. 
Redwood's  preparation  claims  a  preference.] 

2.  Mr.  Redwood's.  Rub  together  1  oz.  nitrate  of 
silver,  and  1  oz.  of  bitartrate  of  potash;  add  4  oz.  of 
liquor  ammonise,  and  when  dissolved  mix  in  6  drs.  of 
white  sugar,  10  drs.  of  powdered  gum  arable,  \  oz  of 
archil,  and  water  to  make  up  6  oz.  by  measure.  [Instead 
of  archil,  i  oz.  of  sap  green  may  be  used  to  colour  the 
ink;  or  40  grs.  of  fine  vegetable  black,  previously  tri- 
turated with  a  little  water  or  mucilage.] 

3.  Rev.  J.  B.  Reade's  patent.  This  difPers  from  the 
last  in  using  tartaric  acid  instead  of  bitartrate  of  potash. 
The  quantities  may  be  1  oz.  of  nitrate  of  silver,  3  drs  of 
tartaric  acid,  and  the  above  quantities  of  the  other  ingre- 
dients. The  use  of  tartaric  acid  he  claims  an  exclusive 
right  to. 

4.  Add  to  the  last  an  ammoniacal  solution  of  an  oxide 
or  salt  of  gold. — Reade.  [This  addition  prevents  its 
being  acted  on  by  cyanide  of  potassium,  and  some  other 
agents  which  the  silver  ink  fails  to  resist.] 

5.  Aniline  Black,  Marking  Ink.  The  ink  is  prepared  by 
means  of  two  solutions,  one  of  copper,  the  other  of  aniline, 
prepared  as  follows : 

(1.)  Copper  Solution.  8'52  grams  of  crystallized  chlo- 
ride of  copper,  10'65  grams  of  chlorate  of  soda,  and  5"35 


390  TEADE    CaEMIdAtS 

grams  of  chloride  of  ammonium,  are  dissolved  in  60  grams 
of  water. 

(2.)  Aniline  Solution.  20  grams  of  hydrocliloratc  of 
aniline  are  dissolved  in  30  grams  of  distilled  water,  and  to 
this  are  added  20  grams  of  solution  of  gum  arable  (1 
part  of  gum  to  2  of  water),  and  10  grams  of  glycerine. 

By  mixing  in  the  cold  4  parts  of  the  aniline  solution 
with  1  part  of  the  copper  solution,  a  greenish  liquid  is 
obtained,  which  can  be  employed  directly  for  the  marking ; 
but  as  this  liquid  can  only  be  preserved  for  a  few  days 
without  decomposition  it  is  advisable  to  keep  the  solution 
separately,  until  the  ink  is  required  for  use.  The  ink  may 
be  used  either  with  a  pen  or  a  stencil  jjlate  and  brush ;  if 
it  do  not  flow  freely  from  the  pen  it  may  be  diluted  with 
a  little  water  without  fear  of  weakening  the  intensity  of 
the  colour.  At  first  the  writing  apjiears  of  a  pale  green 
colour,  but  after  exposure  to  the  air  it  becomes  black  ;  or 
it  may  be  changed  to  a  black  colour  immediately  by  pass- 
ing a  hot  iron  over  the  back  of  the  fabric,  or  heating  it 
over  the  flame  of  a  spirit  lamp.  As,  however,  a  dry  heat 
is  apt  to  make  the  fibre  saturated  with  the  ink  bi-ittle,  it 
is  preferable  to  hold  the  marked  fabric  over  a  vessel  con- 
taining water  in  full  ebullition ;  the  heat  of  the  vapour  is 
sufficient  to  determine  almost  immediately  the  reaction  by 
which  aniline  black  is  formed.  After  the  steaming  the 
writing  should  bo  washed  in  hot  soapsuds,  which  gives  the 
ink  a  fine  blue  shade.  The  ink  is  not  acted  on  by  acids 
or  alkalies,  and  if  care  be  taken  that  the  fibres  are  well 
saturated  with  it,  there  is  no  danger  of  its  being  removed 
by  washing. — -Dingler's  Journal. 

6.  In  addition  to  the  alcove  recipes,  the  following  of 
M.  Henry  may  deserve  attention  in  large  establishments 
where  economy  is  an  object : — Take  1  oz  of  iron  filings 
•and  3  oz.  of  vinegar,  or  diluted  acetic  acid.  Mix  the  filings 
with  half  the  vinegar,  and  agitate  them  continually  until 
the  mixture  becomes  thick,  then  add  the  rest  of  the 
vinegar  and  1  oz.  of  water.  Apply  heat  to  assist  the 
action;  and  when  the  iron  is  dissolved,  <add  3  oz.  of 
sulphate  of  iron,  and  1  oz,  of  gum  previously  dissolved  in 
4  oz.  of  water;  and  mix  the  whole  with  a  gentle  heat. 
To  be  used  with  brush  and  stencil  plates. 


o^ 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPAEATIOiS'S — INKS  391 

Crimson  MarJc'inri  InJc.  Dissolve  1  oz.  nitrate  of  silver 
and  1^  oz.  of  carb.  soda  in  crystals,  separately  in  distilled 
water ;  mix  the  solutions,  collect  and  wash  the  precipitate 
on  a  filter,  introduce  the  washed  pijecipitate,  still  moist, 
into  a  Wedgewood  mortar,  and  add  to  it  tartaric  acid  2  drs. 
40  grs.,  rubbing  together  till  effervescence  has  ceased ; 
dissolve  carmine  6  grs.  in  liquor  ammonite  (•882)  6  oz., 
and  add  to  it  the  tartrate  of  silver,  then  mix  in  white 
sugar  6  drs.,  and  powdered  gum  arable  10  drs.,  and  add  as 
much    distilled    water    as    will    make    6    oz.— Pharm. 

JOTJENAI,. 

Printing  Ink.  This  is  usually  made  by  boiling  linseed 
oil  in  a  largo  iron  pot,  setting  fire  to  it,  and  letting  it 
burn  for  half  an  hour  or  more.  \'arious  additions  are 
made  to  it  by  some  manufacturers,  the  use  of  which  is 
not  very  evident.  A  viscid  varnish  is  obtained,  which 
is  ground  with  lamp-black,  vermilion,  or  other  cohmring 
matters,  till  perfectly  smooth.  2.^  oz.  of  lamp-black  are 
sufficient  for  each  pound  of  varnish.     See  Varnishes. 

Printers'  Ink  from  Besin  Oil.  Melt  together  13  oz.  of 
resin,  1  lb.  of  resin  oil,  and  I5  oz.  of  soft  soap ;  when  cold, 
add  lamp-black  or  other  colouring  matters. 

Copper-plate  Printing  Ink.  This  is  not  rendered  so 
viscid  as  the  former,  and  is  coloured  with  Frankfort  black. 

Reade's  Patent  Printing  Inks.  The  blue  consists  of  his 
soluble  Prussian  blue  (see  Blue  Writing  Ink,  further  back) 
ground  with  oil  as  above.  The  black,  by  evaporating  his 
black  ink,  and  mixing  the  product  with  oil  as  usual.  The 
red  in  the  same  manner,  from  his  patent  red  ink. 

Si/mpathetic  or  Secret  Inks.  The  solutions  used  should 
be  so  nearly  colourless  that  the  M'riting  cannot  be  seen  till 
the  agent  is  apjilied  to  render  it  visible. 

1.  Digest  1  oz.  of  zaffre,  or  oxide  of  cobalt,  at  a  gentle 
heat,  with  4  oz.  of  nitro-hydrochloric  acid  till  no  more  is  dis- 
solved, then  add  1  oz.  of  common  salt  and  16  oz.  of  water. 
If  this  bo  written  with,  and  the  paper  held  to  the  fire,  the 
writing  becomes  green,  unless  the  cobalt  should  be  quite 
pure,  in  which  case  it  will  be  blue.  The  addition  of  a 
little  nitrate  of  iron  will  then  impart  the  property  of  be- 
coming green.  It  is  used  in  chemical  landscapes,  for  the 
foliage. 


392  TRADE   CHEMICALS 

2.  Put  into  a  phial  I  oz.  of  distilled  water,  1  dr.  of  bro- 
mide of  potassium,  and  1  dr.  of  pure  sulphate  of  co])per. 
The  solution  is  nearly  colourless,  but  becomes  brown  when 
heated. 

3.  Boil  oxide  of  cobalt  in  acetic  acid.  If  a  little  common 
salt  be  iidded,  the  writing  becomes  green  when  heated ; 
but  ^\ath  nitre  it  becomes  a  pale  rose-colour. 

4.  A  solution  of  acetate  of  lead.  Colourless,  but  becomes 
brown  when  exposed  to  sulpliuretted  hydrogen  gas. 

5.  A  weak  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper.  The  writing 
becomes  blue  when  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  ammonia. 

6.  A  solution  of  sulphate — or  preferably,  persulphate — 
of  iron.  It  becomes  black  when  washed  with  infusion  of 
galls ;  Hue,  by  prussiate  of  potash.  [This  constitutes 
colourless  ink,  which  becomes  visible  when  written  with 
on  paper  containmg  galls,  or  tannin,  or  prussiate  of 
potash.] 

7.  Mix  equal  quantities  of  sulphate  of  copper  and  sal 
ammoniac,  and  dissolve  in  water.  It  becomes  yellow  when 
heated. 

8.  A  weak  solution  of  nitrate  of  mercury.  Becomes 
black  by  heat. 

9.  Rice  water,  or  any  solution  of  starch.  It  becomes 
blue  ■when  washed  over  with  an  alcoholic  solution  of 
iodine. 

10.  Lemon  juice,  milk,  juice  of  onions,  and  some  other 
liquids,  become  black  when  the  writing  is  held  to  the 
fire. 

Ink,  fo  preserve  from  mouldiness.  Add  a  small  quantity 
.  of  a  solution  of  creasote  in  pyroligueous  acid  or  rectified 
spirit,  or  of  oil  of  cloves  dissolved  in  spirit. 

Insects,  to  kill.  Insect  bites,  to  cure.  Camphor,  and 
pepper,  may  be  used  to  keep  off  moths.  In  Russia  the 
powder  of  the  flowers  of  a  species  of  Pyi-ethrum  is  used  as 
an  insecticide.  The  powder  of  Pyrethrum  roseum,  or  a 
diluted  tincture,  prevents  mosquitoes  from  biting  in  the 
East  Indian  islands.  The  powder  of  the  root  of  Acorns 
calamus  is  also  recommended.  Liquid  ammonia,  sulphate 
of  copper,  or  a  mixture  of  toilet  vinegar  and  glycerine, 
are  good  as  applications  to  bitten  parts.  Also  a  powder 
consisting  of  carbonate  of  lead  1  part,  chalk  4  parts. 


MlSCELLAi^JSOUS    PUEi'AEATIONS  393 

loDATE  OF  Potash.  Fuse  iodide  of  potassium  iu  a  capa- 
cious Hessian  crucible,  remove  it  from  the  fire  and  add  to 
it,  while  still  semi-fluid,  successive  portions  of  pulverized 
chlorate  of  potash,  stirring  after  each  addition,  till  no 
further  action  takes  place.  One  part  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium will  require  1^  of  the  chlorate.  Wash  the  residium 
in  warm  water,  which  leaves  only  iodate  of  potash. 

Iodide  of  Potassium.  See  Potassii  lodidum.  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Iodine.  Sec  Pocket  Formulary.  Other  methods  of  obtain- 
ing it  are  the  following  : 

To  the  mother  liquor  of  kelp  (after  the  crystallizable 
salts  have  been  separated)  add  sulphuric  acid  to  render 
the  liqiior  sour.  Introduce  the  acid  liquor  into  a  leaden 
still,  heat  to  140°  F.,  add  binoxide  of  .  manganese,  and 
lute  on  with  pipe-clay  a  leaden  head,  fitted  to  a  series  of 
spherical  glass  condensers,  each  haraig  two  mouths  op- 
posite each  other,  and  inserted  the  one  into  the  other. 
A  stopper  in  the  head  of  the  still  allows  the  contents 
to  be  occasionally  inspected,  and  additions  of  acid  or 
oxide  made,  if  necessary.  See  Wagnek's  'Chemical  Tech- 
nology '  for  a  drawing  of  the  apparatus.  Soubeiean 
proposes  to  add  siilphate  of  copper  to  the  ley,  -which  pre- 
cipitates half  the  iodine.  He  then  decants  the  clear 
liquor,  and  adds  more  sulphate  of  copper  with  some  iron 
filings.  An  iodide  of  copper  is  formed,  which  is  separated 
from  the  iron  filings  and  suspended  in  the  liquor  by  agita- 
tion, collected  on  a  filter,  and  heated  with  oxide  of  man- 
ganese and  sulphuric  acid.  Glasgow  is  the  principal  seat 
of  the  Iodine  manufacture. 

Ieox  Liquoe.     See  Dyes,  further  back. 

Ieon,  Peesulphate,  Solution  of,  Liq.  Ferri  Persulph.  See 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Isinglass.  The  air-bags,  or  sounds,  of  several  kinds  of 
fishes,  washed,  dried,  and  otherwise  prepared.  They  are 
cither  dried  without  opening  (purse,  pipe,  and  lump 
isinglass),  or  opened  and  not  folded  (leaf  and  honeycomb 
isinglass),  or  folded  (book  isinglass),  or  twisted  into  the 
shape  of  a  lyi'e  or  horse-shoe  (short  and  long  staple). 
The  picked  or  cut  isinglass  of  the  shops,  consists  of  the 
lumps  of  stable  ismglass,  picked  iu  shreds  by  women  and 


394  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

children,  or  cut  by  machines.  The  leaf  isincrlass  is  some- 
times rolled  out  into  thin  plates  (ribbon  and  rolled  leaf 
isinglass).  The  inner  membrane,  which  is  insoluble,  is 
removed,  from  the  opened  air-bags,  in  the  best  kinds. 
Tlie  Eussian  isinglass,  wliich  is  most  esteemed,  is  made 
from  the  air-bags  of  several  species  of  Acipenser  (stur- 
geon ) ;  particularly  A.  Huso  (the  Bcduga)  ;  A.  Guldex- 
STADTII  (the  Osseter) ;  A.  Kuthenus  (tlie  Sterlet) ;  A. 
Stellatus  (the  Sewruga);  and  also  from  the  Silurus  glanis 
(the  Sorti),  whicli  yields  the  iSamovey  isinglass.  Brazilian 
and  East  India  isinglass  are  of  inferior  quality ;  it  is  not 
certainly  known  from  what  genera  or  species  of  fish  they 
are  obtained.  Xew  York  isinglass  is  the  air-l)ladder  of 
the  common  hake,  macerated  in  water  and  rolled  out  into 
ribbons.  The  sounds  of  the  cod  yield  an  inferior  kind. 
Prepared  sole  skins  are  used  as  a  cheap  substitute  for 
asinglass.  See  Dr.  Peeeira's  '  Elements,'  for  the  descrip- 
tion of  each  variety. 

Itort  Black.  Burn  shavings  and  waste  pieces  of  ivory 
from  the  ivory  turners,  in  a  covered  crucible,  till  no  more 
smoke  issues.  Cover  it  closely  while  cooling.  It  should 
be  afterwards  washed  with  diluted  hydrochloric  acid,  then 
with  water  till  no  longer  acid,  dried,  and  again  heated  in 
a  covered  crucible.  It  is  of  a  deeper  colour  than  bone- 
black,  and  is  used  as  a  pigment,  a  tooth-powder,  and  to 
decolorize  syrups  and  other  liquids. 

Ivory,  Flexible.  The  pieces  of  ivory  or  bone,  already 
manufactured  into  the  shape  required,  are  to  be  steeped  for 
some  time  in  dilute  hydrochloric  acid,  until  they  have  lost 
their  earthy  parts  so  far  as  to  become  yellowish,  flexible, 
and  elastic.  When  dry  they  become  again  inflexible,  but 
their  flexibility  may  at  any  time  be  restored  by  steeping 
them  in  water.  In  this  manner  flexible  tubes,  probes, 
bougies,  &c.,  may  be  constructetl. 

IvORT,  TO  Stain.  Ivory  is  stained  with  the  usual  dyeing 
materials ;  it  should  be  first  steeped  in  the  mordant  and 
afterwards  in  the  hot  colour.  Nitro-chloride  of  tin  is  the 
mordant  for  red,  with  decoction  of  brazil  or  cocliineal ; 
for  yellow,  with  fustic;  for  violet,  with  logwood.  After 
being  plunged  in  hot  liquor  it  should  be  placed  in  cold 
water.     A  black  stain  is  given  by  nitrate  of  silver. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPARATIONS  895 

Ivory  may  be  gilded  by  imincvsing  it  in  a  frosb  solution 
of  pro'to-suipUate  of  iron,  and  afterwards  in  solution  of 
chloride  of  gold,  It  may  be  bleached  by  solution  of  sul- 
phurous acid. 

IvoKY  AXD  Bone  to  Bleach.  M.  Cloez  recommends  the 
Ivory  or  bones  to  be  immersed  in  turpentine,  and  exposed 
for  three  or  four  days  to  sunlight.  The  object  to  be 
bleached,  should  be  kept  an  eighth  or  a  fourth  of  an  inch 
above  the  bottom  of  the  bath  by  means  of  zinc  supports. 

IvoBY,  Artificiai.  Let  a  paste  be  made  of  isinglass,  egg- 
shell in  very  fine  powder,  and  brandy.  Give  it  the  desired 
colour,  and  pour  it  while  warm  into  oiled  moulds.  Leave 
the  paste  in  the  moulds  until  it  becomes  hard.  See  Ivoet, 
TO  Stain,  above. 

Japan.     See  Vaknishes. 

Jellies.     See  Dietetic  Articles. 

Kid-Glove  Cleaner.  Add  15  drops  of  strongest  solution 
of  ammonia  to  spirits  of  turpentine  \  pint.  (Having 
fitted  the  gloves  on  wooden  hands,  apply  this  mixture 
with  a  brush.  Follow  up  this  application  with  some  fine 
pumice  powder.  Hub  with  some  flannel  or  sponge  dipped 
in  the  mixture.  Rub  off  the  sand,  and  repeat  the  same 
])rocess  twice  or  thrice.  Hang  in  the  air  to  dry,  and, 
when  dry,  place  in  a  drawer  with  some  scent.) 

Koumiss.  An  alcoholic  drink,  made  by  fermenthig  the 
milk  of  mares,  and  beating  it  up  with  a  whisk.  It  may 
be  regarded  as  a  somewhat  coarse  form  of  "  rum  and  milk." 

Ktan's  Solution,  for  preventing  the  dry  rot.  Dissolve  1  lb. 
of  corrosive  sublimate  in  5  gallons  of  water. 

Labarraque's  Chloeo-Sodaic  Liquor  is  nearly  identical 
with  the  Liquor  Sodre  Chlorata^  of  the  British  Pharma- 
copceia.  It  is  made  by  passing  the  chlorine  gas  from  2 
oz.  black  oxide  of  manganese,  and  8  oz.  of  hydrochloric 
acid,  into  a  solution  of  15  oz.  of  crystallized  carbonate 
of  soda  in  3  pints  of  water ;  or  sufficient  to  bring  it  to  the 
density  of  12°  Baume,  or  1-09  specific  gravity. 

Labels,  Indestructible,  for  acid  bottles,  &c.  Write  with 
dilute  sulphuric  acid  (1  part  to  6  of  water),  dry  the  label 
and  cxix)se  it  to  a  moderate  heat. 

Lac,  Preparations  of.  Stilk-lac  consists  of  tv\igs  of 
several  kinds  of  trees  encrusted  with  a  resinous    matter 


39o  TSADE    CHEMICALS 

produced  by  the  puncture  of  an  insect  (the  coccus  lacca). 
This,  triturated  with  water  and  dried,  forms  seed-lac. 
The  seed-lac  heated  and  pressed  in  cotton  hags  forms 
shell-lac.  Lac-dye  is  the  colouring  matter  extracted  from 
stick-lac  by  water,  evaporated  to  dryness  with  the  addi- 
tion of  earthy  matters,  and  formed  into  square  cakes.  Seed- 
lac  and  shell-lac  are  chiefly  used*  in  varnishes,  dissolved  in 
rectified  spii'it,  methylated  spirit,  or  rectified  wood  naphtha. 
The  alcoholic  solution  is  rendered  paler,  so  that  it  may  be 
\ised  for  polishing  light-colonred  woods,  by  digesting  it  in 
the  sun,  or  near  a  fire,  for  2  or  3  weeks,  wi£h  good  animal 
charcoal,  and  then  filtering  it  through  paper  in  a  funnel 
heated  with  hot  water.  Shell-lac  may  be  bleached  by 
dissolving  it  in  a  solution  of  potash  or  soda,  and  passing 
chlorine  into  the  solution.  The  precipitated  lac  is~  col- 
lected and  well  washed.  Kastner  directs  3  parts  of 
carbonate  of  potash  to  be  dissolved  in  24  of  water,  and  3 
of  lime  added,  and  the  whole  digested  in  a  close  vessel  for 
24  hours.  The  clear  liquor  is  poured  off,  and  boiled  with 
4  parts  of  shell-lac.  Wlien  cold,  dilute  with  4  times  its 
bulk  of  water,  and  filter;  then  add  chloride  of  lime,  and 
afterwards  diluted  hydrochloric  acid. 

Lacquers.     See  Varnishes. 

Lake  Liquor.  Boil  1  oz.  each  of  cochineal  and  salt  of 
tartar  in  8  oz.  of  water,  then  add  1  oz.  of  cream  of  tartar, 
and  the  same  of  alum. 

Lakes.  These  consist  of  vegetable  colours  in  combination  with 
alumina.  Alum  is  usually  added  to  an  infusion  or  decoction 
of  the  colouring  ingredient,  and  afterwards  potash  added, 
which  throws  down  the  colouring  matter  combined  with 
alumina.     Some  of  the  lakes  are  noticed  under  Pigments. 

Lemon  Juice,  Factitious.  Dissolve  4  oz.  of  citric  acid  in 
3  pints  of  water,  with  8  drops  of  essence  of  lemon,  rul>bed 
with  the  acid,  or  dissolved  in  a  little  spirit.  After  standing 
ing  a  few  days,  filter  it,  and  preserve  it  in  well-closed  bottles. 

Lenses,  Extemporaneous.  Prociu-e  a  piece  of  thin  pla- 
tinum wire,  and  twine  it  once  or  twice  round  a  pin's  point, 
so  as  to  form  a  minute  ring  with  a  handle  to  it.  Break 
up  a  piece  of  flint   glass  into   fragments   a  little  larger 

*  Methylated  spirit  is  now  almost  invariably  used  for  this  purpose. 


MTSCELLANEOTTS   PREPARATIOITS  397 

than  11  iimstaril  seed  ;  place  one  of  these  pieces  on  the  ring 
of  wire,  and  hold  it  in  the  point  of  the  flame  of  a  candle 
or  gas-light.  The  glass  will  melt  and  assume  a  complete 
lens-like  or  glohular  form.  Let  it  cool  gradually,  and 
keep  it  for  mounting.  Others  are  to  be  made  in  the  same 
manner ;  and  if  the  operation  be  carefully  conducted,  but 
very  few  will  be  imperfect.  The  smaller  the  drop  melted, 
the  higher  in  general  will  be  its  magnifying  power.  It 
may  be  mounted  by  placing  it  between  two  pieces  of  brass 
which  have  corresponding  circular  holes  cut  in  them  of 
such  a  size  as  to  hold  the  edge  of  the  lens.  They  are  then 
to  be  cemented  together. — Fraxcis. 

Linseed  Oil,  Clarified,  tor  Varnishes.— Heat  in  a 
copper  boiler  50  gallons  of  linseed  oil  to  280°  F. ;  add  2i 
lbs.  of  calcined  white  vitriol,  and  keep  the  oil  at  the  above 
temperature  for  half  an  hour ;  then  remove  it  from  the 
fire,  and  in  24  hours  decant  the  clear  oil,  which  should 
stand  for  a  few  weeks  before  it  is  used  for  varnish. 

Linseed  Oil,  Refined.  (Wiles'  Patent.)  In  236  gallons 
of  oil  pour  6  lbs.  of  oil  of  vitriol,  and  stir  them  together 
for  3  hours ;  then  add  6  lbs.  of  fullers'  earth,  well  mixed 
with  14  lbs.  of  hot  lime,  and  stir  for  3  hours.  Put  the 
oil  into  a  copper  boiler,  with  an  equal  quantity  of  water, 
and  boil  for  3  hours ;  then  extinguish  the  fire,  and  when 
the  materials  are  cold  draw  off  the  water,  and  let  the  oil 
stand  to  settle  for  a  few  weeks  before  usmg. 

Liquorice,  Purified  Extract  of.  Italian  or  Spanish 
juice  may  be  purified  by  the  following  method  : — Take  a 
sugar-mould,  close  the  vent-hole  with  a  stopper,  place 
inside  it  some  coarse  tow,  and  over  this  some  clean  straw, 
laid  crossways  in  layers  of  an  inch  each,  then  the  sticks 
of  liquorice  placed  upright,  and  packed  closely  in  the 
mould  with  chopped  straw  cut  rather  long,  \^^len  this 
arrangement  is  completed  to  within  an  inch  of  the  brim, 
pour  water  over  the  liquorice,  allow  it  to  remain  for  24 
hours,  then  draw  it  off,  and  add  more.  The  liquor,  on 
evaporation,  yields  an  extract  perfectly  soluble  in  water. 
Litmus.  A  preparation  of  some  kind  of  lichen,  probably 
Lecanora  iartarea,  or  Moccella  tinctorea,  or  both.  It  is 
prepared  by  a  process  similar  to  that  used  for  Archil ;  but 
it  is  moistened  by  a  mixture  of  Carbonates  of  Ammonia 


398  TKADi;    CHEMICALS 

and  potash,  or  soda,  the  addition  of  the  carbonates  of  ammo- 
nia, or  of  potash  or  soda,  being  essential  to  the  develoi)ment 
of  the  blue  colour.  It  is  made  up  with  chalk  or  plaster  of 
Paris  into  small  cakes  for  the  market.     See  Tests. 

Lozenges.  See  Trochisci,  Pocket  Formulary,  and  Lozenges, 
under  Patent  Medicines,  in  this  volume. 

Lubricating  Compounds.  See  Anti-Attrition.  The 
French  compound  term  Liard  is  thus  made  : — Lito  50 
parts  of  finest  rape  oil  put  1  part  of  caoutchouc  cut  small, 
and  apply  lieat  until  it  is  nearly  all  dissolved. 

Mankettrtck's  '  Lubricating  Compound  consists  of 
caoutchouc  (dissolved  in  spirit  of  turpentine)  4  lbs.  common 
soda  10  lbs.,  glue  1  lb.,  oil  10  gallons,  water  10  gallon.-?. 
Dissolve  the  soda  and  glue  in  the  water  by  heat,  then  add 
the  oil,  and  lastly  the  caoutchouc,  stirring  them  until  per- 
fectly incorporated. 

LuciFERS.     See  Matches,  further  on. 

Luminous  Phials.  Nearly  fill  a  bottle  with  olive  or 
almond  oil,  and  heat  it  in  a  water-bath.  Drop  into  it 
small  slices  of  phosphorus  so  long  as  it  is  dissolved.  Let 
the  solution  cool,  and  pour  off  the  oil  from  the  undissolved 
phosphorus  into  clean  dry  phials,  whicli  should  not  be 
quite  filled.     When  uncorked  they  emit  light. 

Lutes.     See  Cements, 

Manures,  Artificial.  These  constitute  a  new  and  impor- 
tant branch  of  manufacture ;  1:)ut  a  few  of  the  more 
simple  and  readily  prepared  kinds  are  all  that  can  be 
noticed  here. 

Powder  for  Coailng  Seeds.  Fine  bone-dust  20  parts, 
gypsum  1  part.  The  seeds  are  steeped  in  water  from  the 
dunghill,  then  strewed  over  with  the  powder,  so  that  each 
shall  receive  a  layer  of  it.     Tliey  are  afterwards  dried. 

Suljihaled  Bones.  f>c'0  Bones,  Suljjhated.  A  usual  pro- 
portion is  33  of  sulphuric  acid  to  1  cwt.  of  bones. 

Saline  Mixture,  as  a  top  dressing  for  potatoes,  &c. 
Equal  weights  of  nitrate  of  soda  and  dry  sulphate  of  soda, 
li  cwt.  to  an  acre. 

Mr.  Huxtable's  Mixture.  Bone  dust  4  cwt.,  gypsum 
4  cwt.,  salt  2  cwt.,  ashes  2  quarters,  wood  ashes  30 
l)usliels. 

Another  Saline  Mixture.     Sulphate  of  ammonia  42  lbs.. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPARATIONS  399 

sulphate  of  lime  56  lbs.,  sulphate  of  potash  56  lbs.,  cai'bo- 
iiate  of  magnesia  14  lbs.,  salt  56  lbs.,  to  1  acre. 

Dr.  Andeeson's  Manure  for  Clover  Suljihate  of 
ammonia  98  lbs.,  gypsum  172  lbs.,  sulphate  of  potash  174 
lbs.,  sulphate  of  soda  333  lbs.,  sulphate  of  magnesia  246 
lbs.,  suli)hurie  acid  98  lbs.,  salpetre  202  lbs.,  common  salt 
107  lbs.,  chloride  of  potassium  149  lbs. 

Dr.  Johnstone's  Substitute  for  Guano.  Bone-dust 
7  bushels,  sulphate  of  ammonia  100  lbs,  wood  ashes  20  lbs., 
salt  100  lbs.,  dry  sulphate  of  soda  11  lbs. 

To  Promote  the  Blowing  af  Floivers.     See  page  355. 

Maeble,  to  Clean.  Mix  soft  soap,  solution  of  potash,  and 
slaked  lime,  to  a  paste;  spread  it  over  the  marble,  and 
leave  it  for  a  day  or  two.     Then  wash  it  off. 

Maeble,  to  Stain.  Make  the  marble  hot,  and  pour  on  it 
the  coloured  liquid,  also  make  hot.  The  stains  usually 
employed  are  archil,  solution  of  indigo,  solution  of  ver- 
digris, decoction  of  Brazil  wood,  logwood,  and  sulphate  of 
iron,  tincture  of  dragons'  blood,  &c.  But  the  most  pene- 
trating medium  is  wax,  which  may  be  coloured  with 
alkanet,  auotto,  verdigris,  &c. 

Maeine  Gltte.     See  Glue. 

Marine  Soap.     See  Soap,  Maeine,  further  on. 

Matches  foe  Instantaneofs  Light.  1.  Chlorate  of  Potash 
Matches  (loithout  sulphur).  Chlorate  of  potash,  separately 
powdered,  6  drs.,  vermilion  1  dr.,  lycopodiura  1  dr.,  fine  flour 
2  drs. ;  mix  carefully  the  chlorate  with  the  flour  and  lyco- 
podium,  avoiding  much  friction,  then  add  the  vermilion, 
and  mix  the  whole  with  a  nmcilage  made  ■ttith — 1  dr. 
powdered  gum  arable,  10  grs.  of  tragacanth,  2  drs.  of  flour, 
and  4  oz.  of  hot  water  ;  mix,  add  s^ifficient  water  to  bring 
it  to  a  proper  consistence,  and  dip  in  it  the  wood,  pre- 
viously dipped  in  a  solution  of  1  oz.  of  giim  thus,  and  \  oz. 
of  camphor,  in  6  oz.  of  oil  of  turpentine. 

2.  With  Sulphur.  Chlorate  of  jjotash  9  grs.,  sulphur 
2  grs.,  sugar  3  grs.,  vermilion  1  gr.,  flour  2  grs.,  spirit  of 
wine  q.  s.  The  chlorate  of  potash,  &c.,  must  be  sepa- 
rately reduced  to  powder,  and  the  whole  mixed  with  as 
little  friction  as  possible.  The  wood  should  be  previously 
prepared  as  above,  or  with  camphorated  spirit.  [These 
are  ignited   by  dipping  them  in   sulphuric  acid,  and  iu- 


400  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

stantly  witlidi'awing  them.  The  acid  should  be  absorbed 
by  asbestos.]  They  are  now  become  obsolete,  having  given 
place  to — 

Lticifer  Hatches.  These  contain  phosphorus  in  a  finely 
divided  state,  to  which  it  is  reduced  by  agitating  it  in 
some  warm  solution  of  gum  or  glue,  then  adding  the  other 
ingredients,  so  as  to  form  a  paste,  into  which  the  wood  or 
card  is  dipped.  It  is  said  that  urine  and  artificial  urea 
\vx\G  the  jiroperty  of  readily  dividing  phosphorus  when 
warmed  and  agitated  together.  The  following  are  some 
of  the  published  recipes : 

1.  Form  6  parts  of  glue  into  a  smooth  jelly,  and  rub 
with  it  4  parts  of  phosphorus,  at  a  temperature  of  140° 
or  150°  F. ;  add  10  parts  of  nitre,  5  of  red-ochre,  and  2 
of  fine  smalts.  The  matches  are  first  dipped  in  melted 
wax  to  the  depth  of  ^^th  of  an  inch,  first  rubbing  their 
ends  on  a  hot  iron  plate. 

2.  Noiseless  Congreves.  Triturate  9  parts  of  phos- 
phorus with  a  solution  of  16  parts  of  gum,  and  add  14 
parts  of  nitre  and  16  of  vermilion. — Dr.  Bcettgee. 

3.  Glue  6  parts,  phosphorus  4,  nitre  10,  red  lead  5, 
smalts  2  j  the  glue  is  soaked  in  water  for  24  hours,  then 
liquefied  in  a  warm  mortar,  and  the  phosphorus  added, 
taking  care  that  the  temperature  is  not  above  167°  F. 

4.  Glue  21,  phosphorus  17,  nitre  38,  red  lead  24 :  pro- 
ceed as  befoi'e. 

Fromethean  Matches.  These  consist  of  a  composition 
similar  to  that  of  the  chlorate  of  potash  matches,  inclosed 
at  the  cud  of  a  paper  spill,  with  a  minute  glass  bulb  filled 
with  oil  of  vitriol  in  the  centre  of  the  composition. 
When  struck,  the  vessel  of  acid  is  broken,  and  kindles 
the  match. 
Methylated  Spirit.  Spirit  of  wine  mixed  with  10  per 
cent,  of  rectified  wood  spirit  is  allowed  to  be  sold  under 
this  name,  free  of  the  excise  duty.  It  cannot  be  used  for 
drinking  purposes,  or  for  the  preparations  of  medicinal 
tinctures.  It  is  extensively  employed  for  burning  in 
lamps,  and  for  the  preparation  of  polishes,  varnishes,  and 
lacquers.  The  law  forbids  methylated  spirit,  or  any 
prepai'ation  containing  it  to  be  used  internally. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PEEPAEA-TIONS  401 

Microscope,  Formulae  for  various  strBSTAucEs  required 

IN   THE  WORKIXG  OF. 

Heagenls.     Dr.  Beale's  list. 

1.  Alcohol,  of  various  strengths. 

2.  Ether,  to  dissolve  oil-globules. 

3.  Nitric  acid,  1  part  of  strong  acid  to  5  of  water. 

4.  Sulphuric  acid,  1  to  5. 

5.  Hydrochloric  acid. 

6.  Acetic  acid,  glacial,  and  dilute  (1  to  5). 

7.  Chromic  acid,  very  dilute, — to  harden  tissues. 

8.  Solution  of  potash,  saturated,  and  dilute  (1  to  10). 

9.  Solution  of  soda,  25  grs.  of  fused  soda  in  1  oz. 

10.  Ammonia  (1  part  of  the  strongest  solution  to  3  of 
water). 

11.  Nitrate  of  baryta,  a  cold  saturated  solution  of. 

12.  Nitrate  of  silver  (120  grs.  in  2  oz.).  These  two  are 
tests  for  the  mineral  acids. 

13.  Oxalate  of  ammonia,  in  solution.     Test  for  lime. 

14.  Solution  of  iodine  saturated,  i.  e.  1  to  7000  water. 
Another  solution  is,  1  gr.  of  iodine,  3  of  iodide  of  potas- 
sium, in  1  oz.  of  distilled  water. 

Cements.  1.  Brunswick  Black.  Boil  together  \  lb. 
of  foreign  asphaltum  and  4i  oz.  of  linseed  oil  (previously 
thickened  with  litharge),  then  mix  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  oil  of  turpentine  (about  1  pint). 

2.  Gold  Size.  Boil  25  parts  of  linseed  oil  with  1  of 
minium  and  ^  part  of  umber  for  3  hours;  pour  off  the 
clear  fluid,  and  mix  with  equal  parts  of  powdered  white 
lead  and  yellow  ochre,  added  in  small  successive  portions. 
Then  boil  well  the  whole  again,  and  pour  off  the  clear 
fluid.  It  dries  slowly  but  firmly.  Both  this  and  the  last 
are  dissolved  by  turpentine. 

3.  Ooadhy's  Marine  Ghte.  Dissolve  separately  in  coal 
naphtha  equal  parts  of  shell-lac  and  India  rubber.  Mix 
thoroughly  with  heat. 

4.  Sealing-wax  Varnish.  Dissolve  the  best  sealing-wax 
in  enough  strong  spirit  of  wine  to  reduce  it  to  the  proper 
consistence.     This  is  brittle. 

5.  Canada  Balsam.     This  dries  spontaneously. 
Soiuiio-.ii  of  sheli-lae,  gum,  and  various  other  cements, 

26 


40^  tRADE  CSEMTCiLS 

and  glues  (which  see),  are  employed  by  mieroscopic  mani- 
pulators. 

Preservative  Fluids.  Canada  Balsam,  spirit  and  water 
glycerin,  solution  of  gelatin,  saturated  solutions  of  alum, 
chloride  of  zinc,  and  chloride  of  calcium,  are  all  used  to 
preserve  microscopic  objects.  The  following  formulae  will 
be  found  useful : 

1.  Ooadby's  Solution.  Bay  salt  4  oz.,  alum  2  oz., 
corrosive  sublimate  4  grs.,  boiling  water  4  pints :  mix  and 
filter.     It  may  often  be  more  diluted. 

2.  Tlnvaites'  Fluid.  Mix  spirit  of  wine  1  oz.,  with 
creasote  sufficient  to  saturate  it ;  rub  up  with  chalk  to 
form  a  thin  paste,  and  mix  gradually  with  water  16  oz. 
To  this  may  be  added  an  equal  quantity  of  water  saturated 
with  camphor. 

3.  Simple  Creasote  Solution.  Dissolve  creasote  1  dr.  in 
pyroligneous  acid  1  dr.,  and  mix  gradually  with  cold  water 
1  pint. 

4.  Passini's  Solution.  For  llood-glohules,  nerves,  and 
white  tissues  generally.  Chloride  of  mercury  1  part, 
chloride  of  sodium  2  parts,  glycerin  13  parts,  distilled 
water  113  parts. 

Milk,  Condensed.  Cow's  milk  evaporated  down  in  vacuo, 
and  containing  about  one  third  its  weight  of  svigar,  when 
it  is  intended  to  be  kept  for  any  time.  If  required  for 
early  use,  it  contains  no  sugar. 

Gltcehine  Jelly  foe  Microscopic  Mounting.  Soak  any 
quantity  of  good  clear  gelatine  in  cold  water  for  three  or 
four  hours.  Pour  off  the  superfluous  water,  and  melt  the 
gelatine  at  a  gentle  heat;  when  melted,  filter  through 
flannel,  and  to  the  filtrate  add  an  equal  quantity  of 
Price's  glycerine.  The  above  forms  a  good  firm  jelly, 
requiring  little  trouble  in  securing  the  cover. — Ed.  Pharm. 

JOITRN. 

Milk,  Preserved  (Bethel's  Patent).  The  milk  or  cream  is 
first  scalded,  and  when  cold,  strongly  charged  with  carbonic 
acid  gas,  by  means  of  a  soda-water  machine.  [Attempts 
have  also  been  made  to  preserve  milk  by  evaporating  it  to 
dryness ;  but  it  is  necessary  to  remove  the  cream  in  order 
to  effect  it.] 

Mineral,  Chameleon.     See  Chameleon  Mineral. 


MISCELLAifEOtS    PEEPAEATIOJ«'S  4iD3 

MbDEirixa,  Clay  pob.  Knead  up  clay  to  the  proper  con- 
sistence with  glycerine. — Baeeeswil. 

MoiREE  Metallique.  a  method  for  ornamenting  the  sur- 
face of  tin  plate  by  acids.  The  plates  are  washed  with  an 
alkaline  solntion,  then  in  water,  heated,  and  sponged  or 
sprinkled  with  the  acid  solution.  The  a]ipcarance  varies 
with  the  degree  of  heat  and  the  nature  and  strength  of  the 
acids  employed.  The  plates,  after  the  application  of  the 
acids,  are  plunged  into  water  slightly  acidulated,  dried, 
and  covered  with  white  or  coloured  varnishes.  The  follow- 
ing are  some  of  the  acid  mixtures  used  : — Nitro-hydro- 
chloric  acid,  in  different  degrees  of  dilution  ,•  sulphuric 
acid,  with  5  parts  of  water ;  1  part  of  sulphuric  acid,  2  of 
hydrochloric  acid,  and  8  of  water ;  a  strong  solution  of 
citric  acid ;  1  part  nitric  acid,  2  sulphuric,  and  18  of 
water.     Solution  of  potash  is  also  used. 

MoEDANTS.     See  Dyes,  further  back, 

MuLTTJM.  A  name  given  to  a  compoiuid  of  liquorice  and 
quassia,  improperly  sold  by  druggists  to  brewers. 

NiTEATE  OF  Baetya.  This  may  be  made  from  the  carbo- 
nate by  dissolving  it  in  dilute  nitric  acid,  evaporating,  and 
crystallizing;  but  more  cheaply  from  the  sulphate  of 
baryta,  by  converting  it  mto  a  soluble  sulphide  by  heat- 
ing it  with  charcoal,  and  decomposing  the  filtered  solution 
with  nitric  acid.  M.  Weiss  recommends  mixing  the 
pulverized  sulijliate  of  baryta  ("  ca^s'k  or  heavy  spar")  with 
one  eighth  of  charcoal  and  one  fourth  of  flour,  heating  it 
in  a  covered  crucible,  pulverizing  the  product  and  forming 
it  into  balls,  with  one  eighth  of  charcoal  and  a  little  water, 
and  again  heating  them  placed  between  layers  of  charcoal. 
Hot  water  extracts  the  sulphide,  which  crystallizes  from 
the  filtered  solution.  By  decomposing  this  by  nitric  acid 
(avoiding  the  gas  which  escapes)  the  nitrate  is  obtained. 
The  other  salts  of  baryta  are  obtained  in  a  similar  manner. 

Nitrate  of  Silver.  See  Aegenti  Nitras.  P.  P.  It  may 
be  prepared  from  impure  silver  by  the  following  process : 
— Dissolve  the  silver  in  nitric  acid,  add  common  salt  till  no 
more  silver  remains  in  solution.  Wash  the  precipitate  tlio- 
roughly;  then  add  water  and  a  very  little  hydrochloric 
acid,  and  introduce  some  pieces  of  zinc  ,•  let  them  rcmuin 


404  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

together  24  hours,  stirring  frequently.  Remove  the  zinc, 
and  wash  the  reduced  silver  thoroughly.  Again  dissolve 
it  in  nitric  acid,  diluted  with  2  or  3  parts  of  water ;  filter 
and  evaporate,  that  it  may  crystallize. 

NliHATE  OF  Steo>"tian.  This  may  be  obtained  from  the 
n  itive  carbonate  of  strontian,  or  more  cheaply  from  the 
native  sulphate,  by  the  processes  employed  for  Nitrate  of 
Baryta. 

Nitric  and  Niteo-htdeochloeic  Acids.     See  Acids. 

NiTEiTE  OF  Potash.  It  is  obtained  mixed  with  a  little 
nitre  and  potash  by  heating  nitre  to  redness.  To  piirify 
the  residuum,  dissolve  it  in  boiling  water,  set  aside  for  24 
hours,  pour  off  the  liquid  from  the  deposited  nitre,  neutra- 
lize the  free  alkali  with  acetic  acid,  and  add  twice  its 
volume  of  alcohol.  In  a  few  hours  more,  nitrate  crystallizes, 
and  the  liquid  separates  into  two  layers;  the  upper  is 
alcoholic  solution  of  acetate  of  potash,  the  lower  is  solution 
of  nitrite  of  potash,  which  may  be  evaporated  to  dryness 
or  kept  in  solution.  Used  as  a  test  for  iodine,  with  starch 
paste  a7id  hydrochloric  acid.  Coeenwinder  passes  nitrous 
acid  gas,  formed  by  acting  on  1  part  of  starch  with  10  of 
nitric  acid,  through  a  solution  of  caustic  potash,  sp.  gr. 
1'38,  until  it  becomes  acid;  then  adds  a  little  caustic 
potash,  so  as  to  render  it  distinctly  alkaline. 

NirRO-PEtrssiDE  of  Sodifm.  To  213  parts  of  powdered 
ferro-prussiate  of  potash,  in  a  porcelain  basin,  add  450 
imrts  of  nitric  acid  of  1'42  density  (or  337i  parts  at  I'oO), 
adding  all  the  acid  at  once,  "\\nien  dissolved,  transfer 
to  a  bolt-head,  and  digest  in  a  water-bath,  until  the 
solution  preciijitates  salts  of  protoxide  of  iron  of  a  slate 
colour.  Neutralize,  when  cold,  with  a  cold  solution  of 
carbonate  of  soda  ;  then  boil,  and  separate  the  precipitate, 
by  filtration.  Evaporate  the  liquid  again,  filter,  and  allow 
the  nitrates  of  potash  and  soda  to  crystallize  out.  Evapo- 
rate the  liquid  again,  and  remove  the  prismatic  crystals  of 
nitro-prusside  as  they  form.  They  may  be  dissolved  in 
water  and  recrystallized  by  cooling. 

NOA'AEGENT.  This  is  said  to  consist  of  a  solution  of  freshly 
precipitated  chloride  of  silver  in  hyposulphite  of  soda  (or, 
according  to  the  Pharmaceutical  Journal,  of  oxide  of  silver 
in  cyanide  of  potassium),  mixed  with  prepared  chalk. 


MISCELLAjS'EOUS  peepaeations  405 

Oils,  Pueifi cation  and  Bleaching  of.  Fish  and  other 
fat  oils  are  improved  in  smell  and  colour,  b;^-  passing  hot 
air  or  steam  through  them.  Dunn's  method  is  to  heat 
the  oil  by  steam  to  170^  or  200°,  and  force  a  current  of  air 
through  it,  under  a  chimney,  till  it  is  bleached  and  inivified. 
Me.  Cameron's  method  of  l)leac'hing  palm  oil  is  to  keep  it 
at  230°  with  continual  agitation  by  passing  into  it  high- 
pressure  steam,  through  leiiden  pipes  of  two  inches  diameter. 
Four  tons  of  oil  require  10  hours'  steaming.  Palm  oil  is 
also  bleached  by  chloride  of  lime.  Take  from  7  to  14  lbs.  of 
chloride  of  lime,  triturate  it  in  a  mortar,  adding  gradually 
12  times  the  quantity  of  water,  so  as  to  form  a  smooth 
cream.  Liquefy  112  lbs.  of  palm  oil,  remove  it  from  the  fire, 
add  the  solution  of  chloride  of  lime,  and  stir  well  with  a 
■\\ooded  stirrer.  Allo^\•  it  to  cool,  and  \\hen  become  solid, 
break  into  small  fragments,  and  expose  it  to  the  air  for  2 
or  3  weeks.  Then  put  into  a  cast-iron  boiler  lined  with 
lead,  and  add  sulphuric  acid  in  equal  weight  to  the  chloride 
of  lime,  diluted  with  20  parts  of  water.  Boil  with  a  mode- 
rate heat  till  the  oil  drops  clear  from  the  stirrer ;  then  let 
it  cool. 

To  remove  the  fetor  from  fish  oils,  treat  them  in  the 
same  way  (except  the  exposing  to  the  air),  usmg  only  1  lb. 
chloride  of  lime  to  112  lbs.  of  oil.  It  does  not  remove  the 
natui'al  smell  of  the  oil. 

Freshly  bvuuit  animal  charcoal  has  some  power  in  im- 
proving the  colour  and  smell  of  most  kmds  of  oil  ;  but 
its  effects  are  limited. 

Calcined  magnesia  has  been  used  to  deprive  oils  of  their 
rancidity. 

Mr.  Geiseler  finds  that  the  addition  of  a  few  drops  of 
nitric  ether  will  prevent  oils  from  becoming  rancid. 

Mr.  Watt's  patented  method  of  bleaching  oil  is  by 
chromic  acid.  For  palm  oil  it  is  thus  used : — The  oil 
is  heated  in  a  steam  vessel,  allowed  to  settle  and  cool 
down  to  130°  F.,  then  remove  into  wooden  vessels, 
taking  care  that  no  water  or  sediment  accompany  it. 
For  a  ton  of  palm  oil,  make  a  saturated  solution  of  25  lbs. 
of  bichromate  of  potash ;  add  8  lbs.  of  sulphuric  acid, 
and  50  lbs.  hydrochloric  acid  (or  an  equivalent  quantity  of  salt 
and  aulphurie  acid) ,    Put  the  hydroeuloric  acitl  into  the  oil/ 


406  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

and  let  it  be  constantly  stirred  till  it  becomes  of  a  ligbt- 
greeu  colour.  If  not  sufficiently  decoloured,  add  more 
of  the  mixture.  Let  tlie  oil  settle  for  half  an  hour,  then 
pump  it  into  a  wouden  vat,  boil  it  for  a  few  minutes 
with  fresh  water  by  means  of  a  steam-pipe,  and  let  it 
settle.  For  linseed,  rape,  and  mustard  oil,  a  dilute  solution 
of  chromic  acid  is  used,  with  a  little  hydrochloric  acid ;  for 
olive, almond, and  castor  oil,  no  hydrochloric  acidis required. 
Fish  oils  and  fats  are  first  boiled  in  a  steam  apparatus 
with  a  weak  soda  ley  (|  lb.  soda  for 'every  ton  of  fat)  for 
half  an  hour  ;  then  |-  lb.  sulphuric  acid,  diluted  with  3  lbs. 
of  water,  is  added ;  the  whole  is  boiled  for  15  minutes,  and 
allowed  to  settle  for  an  hour  or  more,  when  the  water  and 
sediment  are  drawn  off,  and  the  oil  further  bleached  by  a 
solution  of  4  lbs.  of  bichromate  of  potash  and  2  lbs.  of 
sulphuric  acid  properly  diluted. 

Mr.  Daa'Idsox  treats  whale  oil  first  with  a  solution  of 
tan,  next  with  water  and  chloride  of  lime,  and  lastly  with 
diluted  sulphuric  acid  and  warm  water.  Rape  and  other 
seed  oils  are  also  refined  by  means  of  sulphuric  acid  and 
twice  as  much  water.  Mr.  Gray  directs  2  lbs.  of  oil  of 
vitriol  to  112  lbs.  of  oil.  The  oil  should  be  carefully  washed 
from  the  acid,  and  filtered. 

Mr.  Bancboft's  process  for  refining  common  olive  oil, 
lard,  oil,  &c.,  for  lubricating  purposes,  is  to  agitate  them 
with  from  3J  to  8  per  cent,  of  caustic  soda  ley,  of  1'2 
specific  gi'avity.  If  on  trial  a  small  quantity  of  the  ley 
be  found  to  settle  clear  at  the  bottom,  enough  has  been 
added.  The  oil  is  allowed  to  rest  for  24  hours,  for  the 
soapy  matter  to  subside ;  the  supernatant  oil  is  then  fil- 
tered. 

Another  plan  of  purifying  oils  (especially  lamp  oils)  is 
to  agitate  them  with  a  strong  solution  of  common  salt. 

The  above  methods  of  treating  oil  are  of  doubtful  pro- 
priety in  reference  to  such  as  are  to  be  used  as  medicines. 
Oils  which  have  been  so  carefully  prepared  from  sound  and 
fresh  materials  as  to  require  no  purification  should  be  selected 
for  this  purpose.  This  is  especially  important  in  reference 
to  cod-liver  oil.  See  Linsked  Oil. 
Oil  por  Machixery.  Sperm  oil,  palm  oil,  and  olive  oil, 
are  used.     Care  should  be  taken  that  they  are  not  adul- 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPARATIONS  407 

terated.     For  compound  lubricants  see  Anti-attrition,  and 
LUBRICATING  Compounds. 

Oleine.  This  may  be  prepared  by  boiling  fine  olive  oil  with 
absolute  alcohol,  and  evaporating  the  solution. 

Oxygenated  Watee,  oe  Deutoxide,  ok  Peeoxide  of 
Hdyeogen.  Thenaed's  oxygenated  water  is  thus  made: — 
Expose  fragments  of  perfectly  pure  baryta  to  a  current  of 
to  oxygen  gas,  in  a  grcon  glass  tube  heated  to  a  dull  redness, 
form  a  deutoxide  of  barium.  To  7  oz.  of  water  add  as  much 
pure  hydrochloric  acid  as  will  dissolve  4  drs.  of  baryta ; 
add  to  this  by  degrees,  3  drs.  of  pulverized  deutoxide  of 
barium,  and  when  this  is  dissolved,  add  sulphuric  acid, 
drop  by  drop,  till  the  baryta  falls  down  in  the  state  of  sul- 
phate. Then  add  more  deutoxide,  and  precipitate  by  sul- 
phuric acid  as  before.  Then  filter  the  solution  ;  and  repeat 
the  solution  and  precipitation  several  times,  till  about  3  oz. 
of  deutoxide  of  barium  are  used,  filtering  the  liquid  after 
every  second  repetition.  Sulphate  of  silver  is  then  added 
to  remove  the  hydrochloric  acid,  and  afterwards  pure 
baryta,  to  throw  down  the  sulphuric  acid,  and  a  few  drops 
of  diluted  sulphuric  acid  to  remove  any  excess  of  baryta. 
See  Hydrogenii  Peroxidum,  Pock.  Form. 

This  energetic  compound  must  not  be  conf  onndcd  with  the 
oxygen  water  formed  by  imjjregnating  water  with  oxygen 
gas ;  nor  with  the  oxygenous  aerated  water  of  Scarle,  which 
is  water  strongly  charged  with  i)rotoxide  of  nitrogen. 

Oxygen  Gas.     See  Gases. 

Papee,  Copying.  Mix  lard  with  black  lead  or  lamp-black, 
into  a  stiff  paste,  rub  it  over  writing  paper  with  a  flannel, 
and  wipe  off  the  superfluous  quantity  with  a  soft  rag. 
These  sheets  alternated  with  writing  paper  and  written 
on  with  a  solid  pen,  produce  2  or  3  copies  of  a  letter  at  once. 
Lithographic  Paper.  Give  the  paper  3  coats  of  thin 
size,  1  of  starch,  and  1  of  solution  of  gamboge.  Each  to 
be  applied  with  a  sponge,  and  allowed  to  dry  before  the 
next  is  applied. 

HydroqrapMc  Paper.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
paper  which  may  be  written  on  with  M'ater.  It  niay  be 
made  by  rubbing  paper  over  with  a  mixture  of  finely-pow- 
dered galls  and  sulphate  of  iron  heated  till  it  becomes 
white.     The  powder  niay  be   pressed  into  the  paper  by 


408  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

passing  it  between  rollers  or  passing  a  heavy  iron  over  it. 
A  mixture  of  dried  sulphate  of  iron  and  ferro-prussiate  of 
potash  may  be  used  for  blue  writing.  Or  the  paper  may 
be  imbued  with  a  strong  solution  of  one  ingredient  tho- 
roughly dried,  and  the  other  applied  in  powder.  Paper 
which  "has  been  wet  with  a  solution  of  ferro-prussiate  of 
potash  also  serves  for  writing  on  with  a  colourless  solution 
of  persulphate  of  iron. 

Iridescent  Paper.  Nut-galls  8  parts,  sulphate  of  iron 
5,  sal  ammoniac  1,  sidphate  of  indigo  1,  gum  arabic  ^th. 
To  be  boiled  in  water,  and  the  paper  washed  with  it  and 
exposed  to  ammonia. 

Parchment  Paper.  Immerse  blotting  paper  for  a  second 
or  two  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  then  rinse  repeatedly  in 
several  changes  of  water,  and  hang  it  up  to  dry.  When 
dry,  if  it  has  a  crumpled  or  ^^Tinkled  appearance,  this  can 
be  removed  by  wetting  it,  and  straining  it  upon  a  glass 
plate,  the  edges  being  made  to  wrap  over  the  plate. 

Photographic  Paper.     See  Photogeapht,  below. 

Tracing  Paper.  Paper  well  wetted  with  Canada  balsam 
and  camphine,  and  dried.  Another  kind  is  made  with  nut 
oil,  and  oil  of  turpentine ;  the  paper  is  moistened  with  it, 
and  then  rubbed  with  flour.  A  temporary  tracing  paper 
is  made  by  moistening  paper  with  pure  alcohol ;  it  must 
be  used  while  wet. 

Waxed  Paper.  Lay  the  paper  on  a  clean  hot  iron 
plate,  and  rub  it  over  with  a  piece  of  white  wax  inclosed 
in  muslin. 

Oiled  Paper  as  a  substitute  for  oiled  silk.  Boiled  lin- 
seed oil  is  reboiled  with  litharge,  acetate  of  lead,  sulphate 
of  zinc,  and  burnt  umber,  an  ounce  of  each  to  a  gallon. 
The  sheet  of  paper  being  laid  on  a  square  board,  it  is  well 
covered  with  this  mixture.  The  first  sheet  is  covered  on 
both  sides,  the  second,  placed  on  this,  receives  one  coating, 
and  so  on  to  20,  or  50.  Separate  and  hang  up  to  dry. 
FlEEPEOOFiNG  FOR  Papee.  Dip  iu  a  strong  solution  of 
alum,  and  then  dry  it.  Should  the  paper  be  extra  thick, 
the  same  process  may  he  repeated. 
Paper  Paste.  Boil  white  paper  in  water  for  5  hours ;  then 
pour  off  the  water,  and  pound  the  pulp  in  a  mortar ;  pass 
it  tln-ough  a  sieve,  and  mix   with  some  gum  water,  or 


MISCELLANEOUS    PEEPARATIONS  409 

isinglass  glue.  It  is  used  in  modelling  by  artists  and 
architects. 

Papier-Mache.  a  plastic  material,  formed  of  cuttings  of 
white  or  bro-^\ni  paper  boiled  in  water,  and  beaten  to  a 
paste  iit  a  mortar,  and  tlien  mixed  with  a  solution  of  gum 
aralnc  in  size,  to  give  tenacity.  It  is  variously  manu- 
factured by  being  pressed  into  oiled  moulds,  afterwards 
dried,  covered  with  a  mixture  of  size  and  lamp-black,  and 
varnished. 

Papyeine.  Dip  white  unsized  paper  for  §  a  minute  in 
strong  sulphuric  acid,  and  afterwards  in  water  containing 
a  little  nmnionia.  When  dried  it  has  the  toughness  and 
appearance  of  parchment.     See  Vegetable  Paechment. 

PAEAFFiXiS.  Liquid  and  solid  jjaraffins  are  obtained  from 
the  tarry  product  of  the  distillation  of  peat,  brown  coal, 
and  Boghead  shale ;  by  Young's  process,  in  which  Boghead 
coal  is  heated  in  tubes  or  retorts ;  a  crude  oil  is  first  ob- 
tained, which,  after  purification  by  redistillation,  followed 
by  subsequent  treatment  with  sulphuric  acid  and  exjiosure 
to  the  action  of  caustic  soda,  is  submitted  to  the  process  of 
fractional  distillation.  The  first  elevation  of  temperature 
drives  over  the  lighter  and  more  volatile  portions,  which, 
when  purified  by  another  distillation,  yield  the  fluid  knowai 
as  "  paraffin  naphtha,"  a  product  used  as  a  suljstitute  for 
turpentine  and  as  a  solvent  for  India  rubber.  At  a  much 
higher  temperature  the  burning  oil  (the  paraffin  oil  of 
commerce)  comes  over.  It  is  a  jjerfectly  safe  lamp-oil. 
The  thii'd  product  in  point  of  volatility  is  a  compara- 
ti\ely  heavy  liquid,  (machinery  oil),  and  from  this,  and 
others  which  come  over  at  a  ^■ery  high  temperature,  the 
fourth  commercial  product  is  separated  by  the  action  of 
artificial  cold,  and  is  the  solid  paraffin  now  so  much  used 
ni  the  manufacture  of  candles. 

Pastes.  See  Blacking  Paste,  Fuenitttee  Paste,  &c., 
further  back.  For  flour  pastes,  see  Cements.  For  al- 
mond paste,  honey  paste,  and  tooth  pastes,  see  Cosmetics. 
Paste  for  Cleaning  Brass,  Sfe.  1.  Rotten  stone  in  very 
fine  powder  2  oz.,  soft  soap  1  oz.,  oil  of  amber  1  dr. 

2.  Neats'-foot  oil  16  oz.,  water  of  ammonia  1  oz.,  pow- 
dered rotten  stone  sufficient  to  form  a  paste. 

3.  Fotten  stone  4f  lbs.,  oxalic  acid  (dissolved  in  the 


410  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

water)  2  oz.,  soft  soap  8  oz.,  sweet  oil  8  oz.;  oil  of  amber 
1  oz.,  boiling  water  1  lb.  Some  substitute  oil  of  turi^en- 
tine  for  oil  of  amber. 

Paste  for  Razors.  1.  Emery  very  finely  levigated  in 
tbe  same  manner  as  prepared  ebalk,  mixed  with  lard  or 
tallow ;  or  a  mixture  of  these  with  neats'-foot  oil. 

2.  Equal  parts  of  jewellers'  rouge,  black  lead,  and  pre- 
pared suet. 

3.  Peadiee's.     Best  putty  powder  1  oz.,. jewellers' rouge 

1  oz.,  scales  of  iron  J  oz.,  levigated  Turkey  stone  3  oz. 
beef  suet  1|  oz. 

4.  Mix  equal  parts  of  dried  sulphate  of  iron  and  salt,  and 
apply  a  gradvuilly  increased  heat  in  a  closed  vessel.  Pul- 
verize, elutriate,  and  mix  with  lard  or  tallow. 

Pastilles,  Aeo:.iatic.     See  Peefujieet. 

Payne's  Peocess  for  eexdeeing  Wood  Fieepeoof. 
The  wood  is  introduced  into  a  close  vessel,  which  is  ex- 
hausted of  air  ;  the  liquid  is  then  admitted,  and  forced  in 
by  the  pump  till  the  pressure  is  from  110  to  140  lbs.  to  the 
square  inch.  The  liquids  employed  are  the  liquid  sulphides 
of  calcium,  or  of  barium ;  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron  is 
afterwards  forced  into  the  wood. 

Percussion  Caps,  Peiming  for.  100  grs.  of  fulminating 
mercury  are  triturated,  with  a  wooden  nuiller  on  marble, 
with  30  grs.  of  water  and  60  grs.  of  gunpowder.  This  is 
sufficient  for  400  caps.  Dr.  Uee  recommends  a  solution 
of  gum  mastic  in  turpentine  as  a  medium  for  attaching 
the  fulminate  to  the  cap. 

Pharaoh's  Serpents.  The  chemical  toy  sold  under  this 
name  consists  of  the  ])owder  of  sulphocyanide  of  mercury 
made  up  in  a  capsule  of  tin  foil  in  a  conical  mass  about  an 
inch  in  height.  Ignited  at  the  apex,  an  ash  is  protruded, 
long  and  serpentine  in  shape.  The  fumes  evolved  are  very 
poisonous. 

Pharaoh's  Serpents,  non-poisonous.      Bichromate  potass. 

2  parts,  nitrate  potassa  1  part,  and  white  sugar  3  parts ; 
pulverize  each  of  the  ingredients  separately,  and  then  mix 
them  thoroughly.  Make  small  paper  cones  of  the  desired 
size,  and  press  the  mixture  into  them.  They  are  now  ready 
for  use,  but  must  be  ke])t  from  light  and  moisture. 

Phosphobesceni  Oil.     Dissolve  1  gr.  of  i)hosphorus  iu  1 


MISCELLANEOTIS   PREPARATIONS  411 

oz.  of  olive  oil  in  a  test  tube  by  the  beat  of  hot  water,  or 
add  a  larger  quantity  to  some  oil  of  lavender,  in  which  it 
will  dissolve  spontaneously.     Keep  in  a  close  phial. 

Phosphorus.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Phosphorus  Matches.  See  Lucifers.  The  old  phos- 
phorus bottles  mth  sulphur  matches  were  made  by  melting 
phosphorus  with  a  fourth  part  of  wax  in  the  bottles  placed 
in  warm  water,  and  turning  them  about  so  as  to  coat  the 
sides. — Gray. 

Phosphorus  Paste  for  Vermin.  Introduce  1  dr.  of  phos- 
phorus into  a  Florence  flask,  and  pour  over  it  1  oz.  of 
rectified  spirit.  Immerse  the  flask  in  hot  water,  until  the 
phosphorus  is  melted,  then  put  a  well-fitting  cork  into 
the  mouth  of  the  flask,  and  shake  briskly  until  cold.  The 
phosphorus  is  now  reduced  to  a  finely  divided  state.  This 
after  pouring  off  the  spirit,  is  to  be  mixed  in  a  mortar 
with  1 J  oz.  of  lard.  Five  oz.  of  flour  and  1|  oz.  of  brown 
sugar,  previously  mixed  together,  are  now  added,  and  the 
whole  made  into  a  paste  with  a  little  water.  Cheese  may 
be  substituted  for  sugar  when  the  paste  is  intended  for 
rats  or  mice.  (There  is  said  to  be  no  danger  whatever  of 
spontaneous  ignition,  either  during  or  after  the  preparation 
of  this  paste.) — Pharm  Journ. 

Photography.  In  all  English  photographic  formula;  the 
solid  and  fluid  measures  of  apothecaries'  weight  are  used  ; 
but  in  buying  or  selling  chemical  articles,  the  avoirdupois 
weight  is  employed. 

Positive  Collodion.  Pyroxilin  and  iodide  of  cadmium 
or  ammonium  15  grs.  of  each ;  ether  3J  oz.,  alcohol  IJ  oz. 
Place  the  first  in  a  dry  bottle,  then'pour  on  the  alcohol, 
shake  the  mixture  well,  then  add  the  ether,  shake  again, 
and  let  it  stand  for  12  hours.  Decant  the  clear  portion 
into  a  wide-mouthed  bottle,  keep  well  stoppered  and  in 
the  dark.  Avoid  shaking  the  bottle  when  about  to  use 
the  collodion,  and  never  use  quite  all  the  bottle  contains, 
as  the  sediment,  which  will  accumulate  at  the  bottom, 
would  spoil  the  picture. 

Nitrate  of  Silver  Bath  {for  positives).  Recrystallized 
nitrate  of  silver  5  drms.,  dissolved  in  10  oz.  of  distilled 
water.  Filter  the  solution  until  it  is  quite  clear,  then  add 
3  drops  of  nitric  acid  and  10  drops  of  collodion.     Shake 


412  TEADE    CHIiMICALS 

well  together  and  filter.  Blue  litmus  paper  should 
slightly  redden  in  this  bath ;  should  it  turn  very  red,  add 
a  little  ammonia,  or  oxide  of  silver ;  should  it  not  redden 
at  all,  add  a  little  acid  carefully  drop  by  drop.  It  is  pre- 
ferable  to  have  a  slight  excess  of  acid. 

Developing  Solution  {for  positives).  Protosulphate  of 
iron  2  drms.  dissolved  in  8  oz.  of  distilled  water,  add  2^ 
drs.  of  glacial  acetip  acid,  2^  drs.  of  alcohol,  and  5  minims 
of  nitric  acid.  Filter,  and  pour  into  a  well-stoppered 
bottle ;  do  not  expose  to  the  air. 

Fixing  Solution  {for  positives).  50  grs.  of  cyanide  of 
potassium  dissolved  in  5  oz.  of  distilled  water ;  that  is  to 
say,  for  every  fluid  ounce  of  solution  required,  mix  10  grs. 
of  cyanide  of  potassium  in  1  oz.  of  distilled  water.  Filter 
and  keep  in  a  well-stoppered  bottle,  and  label  "  Poison." 

Positive  Paper.  Plain  paper  requires  preparing  or  salt- 
ing before  it  is  ready  for  use,  or  it  may  be  purchased 
already  salted. 

Procure  some  sheets  of  plain  Saxe  paper,  and  immerse 
them  for  five  minutes  (removing  air-bubbles)  in  the  fol- 
lowing solution. 

Chloride  of  ammonium    ....     100  grs. 

Chloride  of  barium  .  .  .  .     100  grs. 

Citrate  of  soda        .....       20  grs. 

Water 20  oz. 

Hang  the  sheets  np  to  dry.  For  portraits  and  most  other 
iises  the  paper  is  albuminized  on  one  side.  When  photo- 
graphs are  printed  to  be  afterwards  coloured,  unalbumi- 
nized  paper  is  used. 

Albuminized  Paper.  There  are  several  well-known 
papers  sold  ;  Hive's,  which  is  a  French  paper,  has  a  high 
glaze  and  fine  surface ;  the  Saxe,  which  is  more  miiform  in 
its  texture,  is  made  in  Germany.  Another  maker  is  Toiv- 
good.  Positive  paper  is  albuminized  by  placing  it  in  a 
mixture  composed  of  white  of  eggs  and  salt.  To  the 
white  of  each  moderate  sized  egg  use  15  grs.  of  common 
salt  reduced  to  a  fine  powder  ;  whisk  until  the  albumin  is 
all  white  froth.  Leave  this  froth  in  a  glazed  earthen 
pan  for  about  12  hours,  by  \\hich  time  most  of  it  has  set- 
tled into  clear  albumin ;  pour  the  clear  portion  into  a  flat 
porcelain   tray.      This  tray  should   be   siomewhafe   larger 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPAEATIONS  413 

than  the  sheets  of  paper  to  be  albuminized.  Lift  the 
paper  np  by  the  ends  and  lay  it  carefully  on  the  albumin, 
keeping  the  side  marked  as  "inferior"  uppei-most  and  dry. 

The  paper  should  be  slightly  damp  before  it  is  thus 
ti'eated,  as  it  then  takes  the  albumin  more  regularly,  and 
is  not  so  liable  to  air-bubbles.  The  paper  must  be  "lifted 
at  each  end,  and  should  any  air-bubbles  appear,  brush 
them  off  with  a  card  or  small  brush,  replacing  the  paper 
in  the  bath.  Wlierever  the  albumin  does  not  come  into 
actual  contact  with  the  paper,  a  white  mark  will  appear  in 
the  print.  Remove  the  paper  from  the  bath  and  place  it 
to  dry  on  a  cardboard  frame,  or  suspend  it  at  the  corners 
by  clips.  Paper  glazed  with  pure  albumin  acquires  too 
brilliant  a  glaze  for  portraits ;  the  albumin  may  be  diluted 
with  from  a  i  to  |  its  bulk  of  water.  It  should  be  kept 
in  tin  or  zinc  cases. 

Plain  Paper.  Albuminized  paper  may  be  used  as  plain 
paper,  if,  instead  of  sensitizing  the  glazed  side,  the  plain 
side  is  placed  in  the  sensitizing  solution. 

Plain  Collodion.  Mix  in  a  bottle  gun-cotton  450  grs., 
ether  25  oz.  spirits  of  wine  7  oz.  Shake  these  well  together, 
and  leave  to  settle  for  several  days.  If  well  corked,  the 
mixture  will  keep  for  a  long  time. 

Sensitized  Collodion.  Add  to  1  oz.  of  the  plain  collo- 
dion 6  drs.  of  spirits  of  wine,  1|  oz.  of  ether,  and  3  drs. 
of  iodide  and  bromide  solution.  Shake  the  bottle  well ; 
the  mixture  is  then  ready,  but  is  improved  by  being  kept 
4  or  5  hours  before  using.  In  hot  weather  a  little  more 
alcoliol,  and  less  ethei',  in  very  cold  weather  more  ether, 
and  less  alcohol,  must  be  used.  As  sensitized  collodion  does 
not  keep  well,  it  is  better  not  to  mix  the  plahi  collodion 
and  the  iodide  and  bromide  solution  until  shortly  before 
required  for  use. 

Iodide  and  Bromide  Solution.  Iodide  cadmium  154 
grs.,  bromide  of  cadmium  54  grs.,  spirits  of  wine  S-J-  oz. 
Rub  the  iodide  and  bromide  to  fine  powder  in  a  mortar, 
add  the  spirits  of  wine  gradually,  and  when  the  iodide  and 
bromide  are  dissolved,  filter  through  paper  into  a  bottle. 
This  solution  will  keep  weU  in  a  closely-stoppered  bottle. 

Iodized  Collodion  may  be  made  at  one  operation. 
It  should  be  kept  two  days  befo^  using,  but  it  is  less 


414  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

reliable,  if  kept  for  any  length  of  time,  than  sensitized 
collodion,  which  has  been  made  as  above  described.  It  is 
made  as  follows.  Place  16  grs.  of  gun-cotton  in  a  bottle, 
add  18  grs.  of  iodide  of  cadmium,  and  6  grs.  of  bromide 
of  cadmium,  in  powder,  and  1§  oz.  spirits  of  wine,  sp.  gr. 
0'805.  Shake  the  bottle  till  the  iodide  and  bromide  are 
dissolved,  then  add  3  oz.  ether,  sp.  gr.  "720,  and  shake 
until  the  cotton  is  dissolved.  After  24  hours  decant  the 
clear  portion  into  small  well-sto])pered  bottles. 

Nitrate  of  Silver  Bath,  for  Negatives.  Recrystallized 
nitrate  of  silver  ^  oz.,  distilled  water  7  oz.,  collodion  7 
drops.  Shake  well  together  until  the  crystals  have  dis- 
solved, then  filter. 

The  purity  of  the  negative  bath  is  a  matter  of  great 
importance,  hence  the  necessity  of  employing  the  very  best 
nitrate  of  silver,  and  also  of  excluding  all  foreign  matters 
of  eveiy  kind.  "WTien  the  bath  gets  out  of  order,  it  should 
be  diluted  with  an  equal  bulk  of  distilled  water,  and 
exposed  to  the  sun  for  a  few  days,  in  a  white  glass  bottle, 
then  filtered,  and  sufiicient  nitrate  of  silver  added  to  restore 
the  strength  to  35  grains  to  an  ounce,  as  indicated  by  the 
argentometer. 

The  Argentometer.  This  instrument  is  for  ascertaining 
the  strength  of  the  nitrate  of  silver  solution,  which  becomes 
weakened  to  a  certain  extent,  after  the  immersion  of  every 
plate. 

Developing  Solution,  for  Negatives.  Protosulphate  of 
iron  75  grs.,  glacial  acetic  acid  2  drs.,  alcohol  2  drs., 
distilled  water  5  oz.  Dissolve  the  crystals  in  the 
water,  then  add  the  acid  and  alcohol,  and  filter.  In  hot 
weather  a  little  more  acetic  acid  may  be  added,  and  if  it 
does  not  flow  readily,  the  alcohol  may  be  increased. 

Intensifying  Solution,  No.  1  (negatives).  Pyi'ogallic 
acid  10  grs.,  citric  acid  10  grs.,  distilled  water  5  oz. 
When  it  becomes  brown  it  is  useless.  No.  2.  Recrystallized 
nitrate  of  silver  40  grs.,  distilled  water  1  oz ;  dissolve  and 
filter.  This  latter  will  keep  for  any  length  of  time  in  the 
dark. 

Another  Intensifying  Bath  (negatives).  A  saturated 
solution  of  bichloride  of  mercury  in  water.  Place  the 
negative  plate  in  a  bath  of  the  solution,  remove  when  the 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  415 

film  assumes  a  milky-white  appearance,  wash,  and  tlicn 
plunge  into  a  solution  of  1  oz.  of  liquid  ammonia  to  10  oz. 
of  water.  Eemove  the  plate,  wash,  and  place  to  dry. 
This  mode  of  intensifying  may  be  regulated  hy  leaving 
the  plate  in  the  bichloride  of  mercury  a  shorter  time, 
when  it  will  require  a  weaker  ammonia  bath  than  that 
above  given. 

Fixing  Solution,  for  Negatives.  Hyposulphite  of  soda, 
5  oz.,  distilled  water  5  oz. ;  dissolve  and  filter. 

Sensitizing  Solution,  for  Paper.  Nitrate  of  silver  5 
drs.,  distilled  water  5  oz.,  nitric  acid  2  drops,  kaolin  1  oz. 
Dissolve  the  nitrate  of  silver  in  the  water,  and  then  add 
the  acid  and  kaolin ;  the  kaolin  will  not  dissolve,  its  use 
being  to  prevent  the  solution  becoming  discoloured  after 
using.  This  solution  will  not  require  filtermg ;  it  must  be 
allowed  to  become  quite  clear,  and  when  required  for  use 
must  be  carefully  decanted.  This  solution  should  be 
occasionally  tested  with  the  argentometer,  and  sufiicient 
nitrate  of  silver  added  to  restore  it  to  its  original  strength. 

Another  Negative  Collodion.  Ether  \  oz.,  gun-cotton 
7  grs.,  bromide  of  cadmium  \  gr.,  bromide  of  ammonium 
li  grs.,  iodide  of  calcium  1  gr.,  iodide  of  potassium  1  gr., 
iodide  of  ammonium  1  gr.  For  intensifying,  flood  with 
chloride  of  gold  1  gr.,  water  15  oz.,  then  wash,  and  flood 
with  pyrogallic  acid  2  grs.,  water  3  oz. 

Toning  Baths.  1.  Chloride  of  gold  4  grs.,  acetate  of 
soda  i  oz.,  distilled  water  10  oz. ;  dissolve  and  filter.  2. 
To  produce  black  to  bright  sepia  tones,  according  to 
length  of  immersion.  Take  carbonate  of  soda  sufiicient  to 
cover  a  threepenny  piece,  dissolve  it  in  a  teaspoonful  of 
cold  water  in  a  cup,  add  2  grs.  of  chloride  of  gold,  then 
add  3  oz.  of  boiling  water ;  use  in  15  minutes.  This  will 
suit  Hart's  albuminized  paper. 

Fixing  Solution,  for  Paper  Prints.  Hyposulphite  of 
soda  8  oz.,  distilled  water  1  pint.  This  solution  must  only 
be  used  once. 

Stopping-out  Negatives.  Small,  round,  transparent  spots 
are  frequently  found  on  glass  negatives,  which,  if  not 
stopped,  occasion  corresponding  black  spots  on  the  print. 
Lay  the  plate  on  a  slab  of  glass,  having  either  direct  or 
reflected  lii,^ht  shining  up  through  it.     Then  cover  the  spots 


416  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

wltli  a  mixture  composed  of  10  parts  of  ivorj  black,  2 
parts  of  saturated  solution  of  gum  arable,  2  parts  of  white 
honey,  1  part  of  sugar-candy ;  well  mix  and  apply  with  a 
fine  camel-hair  brush.  Should  the  spots  on  the  negative 
be  black  or  opaque,  white  spots  mil  be  formed  on  the 
print ;  these  are  easily  tinted  with  a  little  water  colour,  to 
match  the  other  portions  of  the  print ;  it  is  seldom 
necessary,  therefore,  to  alter  the  negative  on  this  ac- 
count. 

Ferrotypes.  In  these,  instead  of  a  glass  plate  being 
used  to  receive  the  picture,  as  in  a  positive  glass  photo- 
graph, a  thin  plate  of  black  varnished  iron  is  employed. 
Of  course,  no  black  backing  is  required ;  with  this  excep- 
tion the  photograph  is  produced  in  every  particular,  by 
the  same  means  and  in  the  same  maimer  as  the  glass 
positive  is. 

To  Clean  Glass  Plates.  Mr.  HrGHES. — The  description 
of  glass  known  as  "flatted  crown"  is  well  suited  for 
positives,  but  before  using  it  requires  careful  cleaning. 
The  sharp  edges  should  be  first  removed  \\'ith  a  "corundum" 
file,  or  by  drawing  the  sharp  edge  of  one  piece  over  the 
sharp  edge  of  another ;  then  place  the  glass  on  a  clean  flat 
surface,  or  put  it  in  "  a  plate- cleaning  holder,"  and  pour  a 
few  drops  of  the  plate-cleaning  solution  in  the  middle. 
Eub  it  carefully  over  every  part  with  a  bit  of  clean  soft 
rag ;  turn  the  glass  over,  and  do  the  other  side  the  same. 
Then  j^olish  each  side  v.ith  a  clean  cloth,  and  finish  with  a 
soft  chamois  leather  kept  expressly  for  this  pui'pose.  Now, 
breathe  on  the  glass,  and  if  the  breath  deposits  evenly  the 
plate  is  clean.  If  the  plate,  however,  shows  patches  and 
marks,  it  must  be  recleaned.  Let  the  edges  be  carefully 
Anped,  and  the  plate  is  ready  for  use. 

The  following  preparation  makes  a  good  plate-cleaning 
solution  for  glasses  that  require  mechanical  friction  to 
make  them  clean : — Ordinary  water  5  oz.,  alcohol  5  oz., 
iodide  of  potassium  15  grs.,  iodine  3  grs.  When  dissolved 
add  tripoli,  prepared  chalk,  whiting,  or  rotten-stone,  in 
sufficient  quantity  to  make  a  creamy  paste. 

This  thin  pasty  solution  is  to  be  rubbed  on  the  plates  on 
both  surfaces  and  polished  off  as  already  described.  This 
amount  of  cleaning  will  generally  be  sufficient  for  new 


MISCELLATfEOrS    PREPARATIONS  417 

glasses,  but  when  they  have  been  used  they  require  more 
labour. 

Tliey  must  then  be  well  washed  under  the  tap,  to  get  rid 
of  all  collodion  and  chemicals,  and  be  wiped  on  cloths 
kept  expressly  for  the  purpose.  Should  the  plates  have 
been  varnished  they  must  be  soaked  for  some  hours  in  a 
saturated  solution  of  washing  soda  till  the  varnish  and 
film  come  freely  off.  The  glasses  must  then  ho  immersed 
for  a  few  minutes  in  a  solution  composed  of  common  nitric 
acid  2  oz.,  water  10  oz.,  and  be  well  washed  and  treated  as 
already  described.  It  is  a  good  plan  when  working,  to 
have  a  dish  of  water  at  hand,  and  to  place  the  spoilt 
pictures  in  it  at  once  while  they  are  wet,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  day  to  wash  the  glasses  and  put  th.em  away  clean.  By 
thus  not  alloMing  the  films  to  dry  on  the  glasses,  they  are 
much  easier  cleaned,  and  fewer  failures  will  arise  from 
dirty  glasses. 

Collodion  is  a  good  material  for  cleaning  glasses  when 
they  are  not  very  dirty.  Pour  a  few  drops  on  the  glass 
and  well  ml)  it  with  a  clean  cloth,  and  you  will  entirely 
remove  all  grease  ;  a  hint  may  thus  be  taken  how  to  use 
up  waste  collodion. 

Various  Solutions  used  in  the  Drji  Process.  These  are 
employed  in  cases  where  bromo-iodized  collodion  and  the 
nitrate  batli  are  used. 

In  all  processes  in  which  the  bromo-iodized  collodion  is 
employed,  two  grains  of  bromide  of  cadmium  should  be 
adcled  to  each  ounce  of  the  collodion. 

Mr.  Bartholomew  advises  diluted  alcohol  to  be  poured 
over  the  plate  previous  to  developing. 

Acid  JPt/ro  Developer.  This  developer  is  formed  as 
follows  : 

Pyrogallic  acid         ...       I  gr. 
Glacial  acetic  acid   .         .         .30  minims. 
Water 1  oz. 

The  plate,  after  being  wetted  with  dilute  alcohol  and 
washed,  has  this  solution  flowed  over  it,  to  which  has  been 
added  2  or  3  drops  of  a  ten-grain  nitrate  of  silver  solution. 

Plain  Pj/ro  Developer.  Tlie  strength  of  this  may  vary 
from  1  to  5  grs.  in  an  ounce  of  water.  Two  grains  may 
be  taken  as  a  medium.     The  dry  plate  being  flooded  with 

27 


418  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

alcoliol  and  water,  and  washed  so  as  to  well  wet  the  film, 
this  solution  is  floated  over  it. 

Alkaline  Tyro  Developer. 
No.  1. — Pyrogallic  acid    .  .         .       '.     96  grs. 

Absolute  alcohol .         .         .         .       1  oz. 
No.  2. — Carbonate  of  ammonia         .         .     96  grs. 

Water 1  oz. 

No.  3. — Bromide  of  potassium  .         .     10  grs. 

"Water 1  oz. 

At  the  time  of  using  make  up  the  following  solution : 

Water 1  oz. 

Solution  No.  1         .  .  .         .10  minims. 

Solution  No.  3  .  .  .  .  5  „ 
Pour  this  over  the  wetted  plate,  allow  it  to  remain  on  a 
few  seconds  only,  and  then  pour  back  into  the  developing 
cup,  and  add  to  it  5  minims  of  solution  No.  2  and  apply 
again. 
"  The  Collodio-Alhumen  Dry  Process.  Mr.  Mudd. — In 
this  process  the  ordinary  bromo-iodized  collodion  is  em- 
ployed. The  plate  being  sensitized,  is  washed  well,  first 
with  distilled,  then  with  common  water,  and  placed  in  a 
dish  half  filled  with  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium  (3  grs. 
to  the  ounce),  and  allowed  to  remain  while  the  ne-d;  plate 
is  being  prepared.  It  is  then  removed  from  the  solution 
and  well  washed  with  clean  water,  after  which  the  follow- 
ing solution  is  poured  over  its  surface : 

Distilled  water       .  .  .  .2^02. 

"Wliite  of  eggs        .         .         .         .     10  oz. 
Iodide  of  potassium        .  .  .50  grs. 

Bromide  of  ammonium  .  .  .10  grs. 

Strongest  solution  of  ammonia  .  120  minims. 
Introduce  these  materials  with  some  pieces  of  broken 
glass  into  a  bottle  capable  of  holding  twice  the  quantity, 
and  agitate  till  the  whole  forms  a  froth,  and  then,  wlicn 
settled,  it  is  ready.  A  piece  of  camphor  placed  in  the  solu- 
tion will  help  to  preserve  it.  It  must  be  filtered  before 
using.  After  the  plate  has  been  coated  with  the  above, 
it  is  finished  by  drying  before  the  fire. 

In  this  process  all  the  above  operations  may  be  performed 
in  ordinary  white  light.  To  render  the  plate  sensitive, 
heat  it  as  hot  as  the  hand  will  bear,  and  when  cool  immerse 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPARATIONS  419 

it  again  in  the  following  aceto-nitrate  of  silver  bath  for 
one  mmwte,  tisinff  only  ayellow  light,  then  wash  thoroughly 
in  clean  water  and  dry  in  the  dark : 

Nitrate  of  silver     .         .         .         .30  grs. 

Distilled  water       .         .         .         .       1  oz. 

Glacial  acetic  acid  .         .         .       \  dram. 

The  development  may  he  commenced  by  either  plain  or 
alkaline  pyro  ;  Mr.  Mudd  gives  the  preference  to  the  plain, 
and  intensifying  after  with  acid  silver. 

Dr.  Ryley's  Modified  Collodio-Alhumen  Dry  Process. 
In  this  method  the  plate  has  to  be  sensitized  as  usual  and 
washed  thoroughly.  Wlien  the  plate  has  been  well  drained, 
and  while  still  wet,  it  is  coated  with  the  following  solution : 

Albumen        .         ,         .         .         .       1  oz. 

Water   .         .         .         .         .         .       2  oz. 

Ammonia  .  .  .  .  .30  minims. 
The  solution  is  beaten  to  a  froth,  allowed  to  settle,  and 
filtered  before  using.  Pour  sufficient  over  the  i:)late  to 
cover  it,  letting  it  flow  backwards  and  forwards  so  as  to 
soak  into  the  film.  Pour  the  albuminous  solution  away 
and  thoroughly  wash  the  plate,  the  last  rinsmg  being  with 
distilled  water.  Let  the  plate  dry;  when  perfectly  dry 
moisten  the  plate  with  distilled  water  and  pour  over  it  the 
following  solution : 

Gallic  acid     .....       2  grs. 

Water  .         .         .         .         .         .       1  oz. 

Filter  the  solution  before  using.  Pour  it  on  and  ofE  the 
plate  to  well  permeate  the  film,  then  set  the  plate  up  to 
drain,  and  dry  without  washing  ofE  the  gallic  acid  solution. 
When  the  surface  is  dry  finish  by  the  heat  of  a  dull  fire. 

Bromide  of  Silver,  Wet  Process.  To  every  ounce  of 
good  collodion  add  8  grs.  of  bromide  of  cadmium.  The 
nitrate  bath  must  be  made  80  grs.  to  the  oz.,  and 
slightly  acidulated  with  nitric  acid.  The  plate  must  re- 
main in  the  bath  the  full  time  it  requires  to  form  a  dense 
opaque  film.  When  the  plate  is  readj  (it  must  not  be 
removed  from  the  bath  until  the  film  is  much  denser  than 
in  the  ordinary  wet  process)  it  must  be  washed  thoroughly 
to  remove  all  silver.  It  must  then  have  poured  over  it  a 
3  grs.  solution  of  gelatin  made  slightly  alkaline  with 
carbonate  of  soda,  or  diluted  albumen  (albumen   1  oz., 


420  TRADE   CHEMICALS 

water  4  oz,  well  beaten  together).  When  the  plate  is  in 
this  condition  it  may  he  exposed  wet,  or  it  may  be  allowed 
to  dry.  Prior  to  development  it  must  be  well  washed, 
and  the  alkaline  method  must  always  be  adopted.  If  the 
plates  are  used  dry,  a  preliminary  coating  of  dilute  albu- 
men is  necessary,  but  if  used  wet,  this  is  not  necessary. 

Bromide  of  Silver,  Emulsion  Process.  By  this  method 
the  nitrate  bath  is  not  necessary  as  the  sensitive  material 
is  contained  in  the  collodion.  The  purchase  of  the 
material  ready  made  for  working  this  process  is  recom- 
mended in  preference  to  its  direct  manufacture,  as  its 
preparation  demands  the  use  of  considerable  technical 
skill,  together  with  the  employment  of  a  gun  cotton  not 
usually  attainable.  Mr.  Hughes  says  the  "  Liverpool 
Dry  Plate  Company  "  supply  an  excellent  emulsion.  It  is 
only  necessary  to  pour  the  emulsion  on  to  a  plate  and  to 
allow  it  to  dry,  when  the  plate  is  ready  for  use.  The 
development  is  by  the  alkaline  process. 

Gelatino-bromide  of  Silver,  Emulsion  Process.  In  this 
process,  tlie  use  both  of  the  nitrate  bath  and  of  collodion 
are  abolished. 

The  material  employed  is  very  troublesome  to  prepare, 
and  on  this  account,  as  well  as  because  of  the  risk  of 
failure  attending  the  use  of  the  home-made  article,  it  is  far 
preferable  it  should  be  purchased.  It  may  be  obtained 
imder  the  name  of  "Kennett's  Sensitized  Pellicle." 

This  pellicle  consists  of  shreds  of  dry  gelatine  containing 
the  sensitive  salts. 

Fresh  directions  accompany  each  packet  of  the  "  Sensi- 
tized Pellicle." 

The  Autotype  Process.  In  this  process  the  material 
employed  consists  of  a  layer  of  gelatin  containing  carbon, 
or  some  other  permanent  pigment  spread  on  paper. 

In  this  condition  the  paper  is  not  sensitive  to  light,  but 
if  it  be  treated  with  a  solution  of  bichromate  of  potash, 
dried  in  the  dark,  and  afterwards  exposed  to  sunlight  under 
a  negative,  those  portions  of  the  paper  which  have  been 
acted  upon  by  the  light,  will  become  insoluble,  whilst 
those  parts  that  have  been  protected  from  it,  will  be 
soluble.  When,  therefore,  after  sufficient  exposure,  the 
prepared  paper   is  removed  from  the  negative,  a  picture 


MISCEILANEOUS   PEEPABATIO:H'S  421 

the  reverse   of  the  negative  will  have  been  formed,  in 
which  the  pigmented  gelatine  remains  and  performs  the 
part  of  the  reduced  silver  in  the  ordinary  photograph. 
Photographic  Varnish.     See  Varnishes. 

The  reader  desirous  of  further  information  on  the  subject 
of  photography  cannot  do  better  than  consult  Mr.  Ei'nest 
Spon's  valuable  manual,  entitled  '  Workshop  Receipts 
and  Mr.  Hughes'  '  Principles  and  Practice  of  Photo- 
graphy,' to  both  of  which  works  we  are  largely  indebted. 
Captain  Abnet's  work  on  '  Photography '  cannot  be  too 
highly  commended. 
Photography. — Miscellaneous  Recipes. 

To  Clean  Glass  Plates.  Mr.  Mayall.  Shake  up  to- 
gether, alcohol  30  parts,  strong  liquid  ammonia  10,  water 
40,  and  fine  tripoli  30  parts.  The  plates  are  to  be  rubbed 
hard  and  evenly  with  balls  of  cotton  wool  dipped  in  this 
mixture.  Rub  again,  when  dry,  with  a  clean  ball  of 
cotton  ;  lastly,  dust  the  back  and  edges  mth  a  clean  hog's- 
hair  brush. 

To  Clean  off  Collodion  Pictures.  This  may  be  done, 
whether  they  have  been  varnished  or  not,  by  means  of  a 
tuft  of  cotton  wool  dipped  in  wood  spirit. 

To  Colour  Photograjjhic  Prints.  This  may  be  done 
variously  in  water  and  oils.  A  siinple  way  is  to  rub  in 
slowly  with  a  small  camel-hair  brush  a  minute  piece  of 
dry  coloiu-  laid  upon  the  part,  as  of  flesh  tint  for  the  face, 
&c.  ^Vhen  properly  distributed,  the  paper  may  be  breathed 
upon,  and  the  tint  will  not  easily  be  rubbed  off.  Or  it  may 
be  carefully  coated  with  gelatin. 

M.  Minotto  has  described  a  plan  of  colouring  on  the 
back  of  [the  paper.  The  picture,  being  held  up  to  the 
light,  is  first  faintly  outlined,  on  the  reverse  side ;  colours 
are  then  laid  on,  of  water  or  oil,  as  preferred,  on  this 
side.  'WHien  dry,  the  paper  is  rendered  transparent  by 
a  varnish,  and  the  colours  will  then  appear  through  it  with 
all  the  delicacy  and  effect  of  a  miniature  on  ivory.  Good 
strong  writing  paper  is  best  for  this  purpose ;  the  colours 
must  be  vivid  ;  and  the  varnish  may  consist  of  Canada 
balsam  dissolved  in  turpentine,  or  a  mastic  varnish  may  be 
used,  or  turpentine  and  wax,  or  oil. 
Pigments.     A  few  of  these  have  been  noticed  before  ;   see 


422  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

Indigo,  Lakes,  Prussian  Blue,  Pfrpie  of  Cassius. 
They  generally  constitute  a  distinct  branch  of  manufacture, 
but  a  brief  account  of  the  composition  of  some  of  them 
may  be  useful.  Those  of  which  the  colouring  matter  is 
derived  from  the  animal  and  vegetable  kingdoms  will 
first  be  noticed  ;  then  the  mineral  colours. 

Carmine.  Several  processes  have  been  published  for 
this  beautiful  jiigmeut,  but  probably  some  minute  precau- 
tions, not  generally  known,  may  be  necessary  to  the  pro- 
duction of  the  finest  q\;ality.  The  climate  and  state  of 
the  atmosphere  are  said  to  influence  the  result. 

1.  Madame  Cenette's  process.  Into  6  pails  of  boiling, 
clear,  soft  water,  in  a  copper  vessel,  throw  2  lbs.  of  powdered 
cochineal  of  good  "quality ;  boil  for  2  hours,  add  3  oz.  of 
purified  nitre,  and,  after  a  few  minutes,  4  oz.  of  salt  of 
sorrel.  Eemove  the  vessel  from  the  fire,  let  the  contents 
settle  for  4  hours,  draw  ofE  the  clear  liquor  with  a  syphon 
into  flat  jilates,  and  leave  it  at  rest  for  3  weeks.  Carefully 
detach  the  pellicle  of  mould  from  the  surface,  withdraw 
the  liquid  with  a  syphon  and  pipette,  and  dry  the  deposit 
in  a  stove. 

2.  Boil  4  quarts  of  soft  water  in  a  pewter  kettle,  add 
to  it  4  oz.  of  finely  powdered  cochineal ;  boil  for  5  minutes, 
adding  2  di's.  of  powdered  cream  of  tartar ;  then  add  8 
scruples  of  Koman  alum,  and  keep  the  whole  on  the  fire 
for  a  minute  longer.  Let  the  decoction  settle,  decant  it 
into  cylindrical  glasses,  and  cover  them.  When  the  car- 
mine has  subsided,  pour  off  the  clear  liquor,  and  dry  the 
sediment.  By  adding  solution  of  tin  to  the  liquid,  more 
carmine  is  obtained. 

3.  Into  a  14-gallon  boiler  of  tinned  copper,  put  10  gal- 
lons of  distilled  water,  or  filtered  rain  water;  when  it 
boils,  sprinkle  in,  by  small  quantities,  1  lb.  of  powdered 
cochineal,  and  keep  it  boiling  for  half  an  hour.  Then  add 
3j  oz.  of  crystallized  carbonate  of  soda :  in  a  minute  or 
two,  draw  the  fire,  and  add  1  j  oz.  of  Roman  alum  in  fine 
powder;  stir  with  a  glass  rod  till  the  alum  is  dissolved, 
leave  it  to  settle  for  25  minutes,  draw  off  the  liquor  with 
a  glass  syphon,  and  strain  the  rest  through  a.  coarse  linen 
cloth.  Clean  the  boiler,  rctiirn  into  it  the  clear-coloured 
liquor,  and  stir  into  it  the  whites  of  2  eggs,  previously 


MISCELLANEOUS    PEEPARATIONS  423 

well  beaten  with  a  quart  of  Avann  (not  liiat)  water.  Then 
light  the  fire,  and  heat  the  liquor  till  it  begins  to  boil  ; 
separate  the  coagulum  by  filtration,  wash  it  on  the  filter 
with  distilled  water,  spread  it  thinly  on  earthen  plates, 
and  dry  it  in  a  stove, 

Inferior  carmine  may  be  improved  by  dissolving  it  in 
water  of  ammonia,  and  precipitating  it  iDy  acetic  acid  and 
alcohol. 

Cochineal  Lake.  Add  2  lbs.  of  pearlash  to  the  red  liquor 
from  which  the  carmine  has  been  prepared  in  the  last 
process,  and  return  it  to  the  boiler  with  the  dregs  of  the 
cochineal ;  boil  for  half  an  hour,  di-aw  the  fire,  and  when 
the  sediment  has  subsided,  draw  off  the  clear  liquid  into 
an  earthern  vessel.  Pour  on  the  sediment  a  solution  of 
1  lb.  of  pearlash  in  2  gallons  of  water,  and  boil  for  half  an 
hour.  Filter,  and  return  both  liquors  into  the  copper. 
■  When  as  hot  as  the  hand  can  bear,  add  to  the  liquor,  by 
little  and  little,  3  lbs.  of  powdered  Roman  alum,  and  let 
it  simmer  for  5  minutes.  Allow  it  to  settle,  draw  off  the 
clear  liquor,  collect  the  sediment  on  a  filter,  wash  it  witii 
clean  rain-water,  and  leave  it  covered  with  a  cloth  for  a 
few  days,  till  half  dry ;  form  it  into  small  lumps,  and  dry 
them  in  a  stove. 

Carthamine  or  Safflower  Lake.  Wash  Saftlower  till 
the  water  conies  off  colourless ;  mix  it  with  water  holding 
15  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  soda  in  solution,  so  as  to 
form  a  thick  paste ;  leave  it  for  several  hours,  tlien  press 
out  the  red  liquid,  and  nearly  neutralize  it  with  acetic 
acid.  Then  put  cotton  into  it,  and  add  successive  small 
portions  of  acetic  acid,  so  as  to  prevent  the  liquid  be- 
coming alkaline.  In  24  hours  take  out  the  cotton,  wash 
it,  and  digest  it  for  half  an  hour  in  water  holding  5  per 
cent,  of  crystallized  carbonate  of  soda  in  solution.  Im- 
mediately on  removing  the  cotton,  supersaturate  the 
liquid  with  citric  acid,  and  collect  the  precipitate,  which 
must  be  repeatedly  washed  in  cold  water.  For  pink 
saucers  the  liquor  is  allowed  to  deposit  in  the  saucers. 
Mixed  with  the  scrapings  of  French  chalk  it  constitutes 
rouge. 

Lakes  are  also  obtained  from  Brazil-wood  and  madder, 
by  adding  alum  to  a  concentrated  decoction  of  tlie  f  onucr, 


424  TRADE   CHEMlCALg 

or  to  a  cold  infusion  of  the  latter  (made  by  triturating  tlie 
madder,  inclosed  in  a  bag,  with  the  water),  and  after- 
wards sufficient  carbonate  of  potash  or  soda  to  throw 
down  the  alumina  in  combination  with  the  CDlouring 
matter.  The  precipitate  is  to  be  washed  and  dried.  A 
little  solution  of  tin  added  with  the  alum  improves  the 
colour.  Lakes  may  be  obtained  from  most  vegetable 
colouring  matters  by  means  of  alum  and  an  alkaline  car- 
bonate. Yellow  Lake  is  made  from  French  or  Persian 
berries,  by  boiling  them  in  water,  with  a  little  soda  or 
potash,  and  adding  alum  to  the  strained  liquor  as  long  as 
a  precipitate  is  thrown  down.  Or  by  boiling  weld,  or 
quercitron  bark,  in  water,  and  adding  alum  and  chalk  in 
a  pasty  state. 

Rose  Pink.  Boil  6  lbs.  of  Brazil-wood  and  2  lbs.  of 
peachwood  in  water,  with  ^  lb.  of  alum ;  and  pour  the 
strained  decoction  on  20  lbs.  of  sifted  whiting. 

Bistre.     It  is  obtained  from  the  soot  of  beech-wood. 

Sap  Oreen.  The  expressed  juice  of  buckthorn-berries 
(and  sometimes  of  other  species  of  rhamnns,  and  also  of 
privet  berries)  is  allowed  to  settle,  and  the  clear  liquid 
evaporated  to  dryness.  A  little  gum  arable  is  sometimes 
added  to  the  juice. 

The  beautiful  colours  of  the  mative  series  ai'e  prepared 
from  coal  tar  by  patented  jirocesses. 
Mineral  Pigments.  Azure  Blue,  or  Smalts.  The  com- 
mon is  made  by  fusing  zaffre  (roasted  cobalt  ore  calcined 
with  siliceous  sand)  with  potash.  A  finer  quality  is 
obtained  by  precipitating  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  cobalt 
by  a  solution  of  silicate  of  potash.  Another  cobalt  blue 
is  obtained  by  adding- a  solution  of  phosphate  of  soda  to  a 
.solution  of  nitrate  of  cobalt,  and  mixing  the  precipitate, 
washed,  but  not  dried,  with  eight  times  its  weight  of 
fresh  hydrated  alumina.  When  dry,  heat  it  to  a  cherry 
red. 

Egi/ptian  Azure.  Carbonate  of  soda  16  oz.,'  calcined 
Hints  24  oz.,  copper  fillings  4  oz.  Pulverise,  mix,  and 
fuse  in  a  crucible  for  two  hours.  When  cold,  reduce  to 
powder. 

Blue  Verditer.  It  is  generally  stated  to  be  made  by 
adding  chalk  to  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  copper  produced 


MlSCELLAKEOtlS   PEEPARATIONS  425 

m  the  process  of  refining  silver;  but  Mr.  Phillips  did 
not  succeed  in  making  it  by  this  means,  and  found  no  lime 
in  the  best  samples. 

Neio  Blue.  Mix  equal  parts  of  common  arsenite  of 
copper  (see  Mineral  Green,  below),  and  neutral  arsenite 
of  potash,  fuse  by  heat  in  a  largo  crucible,  then  add  to  the 
fused  salt  -^th  of  its  weight  of  nitre.  Effervescence  takes 
place,  and  the  salt  becomes  blue.  Cool,  pulverise,  and 
wash. 

Chrome  Yellow.  To  a  solution  of  bichromate  of  potash 
add  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  lead  as  long  as  a  precipitate 
forms.  Wash  the  precipitate,  and  dry  it  with  a  gentle 
heat.  An  inferior  kind  is  said  to  be  made  by  4  lbs.  of 
pure  white  lead,  1  lb.  of  bichromate  of  potash,  and  20  lbs. 
of  water,  and  boiling  till  the  water  becomes  colourless. 
Or  75  parts  of  precipitated  sulphate  of  lead  may  be  acted 
on  by  a  hot  solution  of  neutral  chromate  of  potash  25 
parts.  A  mixed  product  of  chromate  and  sulphate  of  lead 
is  thus  obtained,  which  is  said  to  cover  as  well_as  the  pure 
chrome  yellow,  and  is  much  cheaper.     (Riot). 

Chrome  Bed.  Melt  saltpetre  in  a  crucible  heated  to 
dull  redness,  and  add  chrome  yellow,  by  small  portions, 
till  no  more  red  fumes  arise.  Allow  the  mixture  to  settle, 
then  pour  off  the  melted  salt  from  the  heavy  sediment, 
and  wash  the  latter  with  water,  which  should  be  quickly 
poured  off,  and  dry  the  pigment.  The  liquefied  salt 
poured  off  contains  chromate  of  potash,  and  is  reserved 
for  making  chrome  yellow. 

Orange  Chrome  is  chrome  yellow  acted  on  by  an  alkali, 
which  deprives  it  of  part  of  the  chromic  acid. 

King's  Yellow.  This  is  a  yellow  sulphide  of  arsenic, 
now  almost  superseded  by  chrome  yellow,  but  occasionally 
used  for  killing  flies. 

Naples  Yellow.  Mix  12  parts  of  metallic  antimony, 
8  parts  of  red  lead,  and  4  of  oxide  of  zinc,  and  calcine  in 
a  reverberatory  furnace.  The  mixed  oxides  are  rubbed 
together,  fused,  and  the  fused  mass  elutriated  into  a  fine 
powder. — Dr.  Uke.  M.  Guimel  recommends  1  part  of 
well-washed  antimoniate  of  potash  to  be  ground  into  a 
paste  with  2  parts  of  red  le.id,  and  the  powder  exposed  to 
a  red  heat  for  4  or  5  hours,  keeping  the  heat  moderate. 


'126  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

Brighton  Oreen.  A.\\  inferior  colour,  made  with  28  11)S. 
of  wliiting,  or  white  lead,  7  lbs.  sulphate  of  copper,  3  lbs. 
sugar  of  lead,  and  i  oz.  of  bichromate  of  potash. 

Brunswiclc  Green.  Pour  a  saturated  sohition  of  chloride 
of  ammonium  over  copper  filings  in  a  close  vessel  placed  in 
a  warm  situation  ;  add  more  of  the  solution  from  time  to 
time  till  three  parts  of  the  chloride  liave  been  used  to  two 
of  copper.  After  standing  for  a  few  weeks  the  pigment  is 
separated  from  the  unoxidized  copper  by  washing  tlirough 
a  sieve.  It  is  then  to  be  well  washed,  and  dried  slowly  in 
the  shade.  It  is  often  reduced  with  white  lead;  some 
samples  contain  arsenic. 

Arsenical  Copper  Greens.  Of  these  there  are  sever;il 
varieties. 

Mineral  Green,  Scheele's  Green,  or  Arsenite  of  Copper. 
1.  Dissolve  11  oz.  of  white  arsenic  and  2  lbs.  of  carbonate 
of  potash,  by  heat,  in  a  gallon  of  water.  Dissolve  also  2  lbs . 
of  sulphate  of  copper  in  3  gallons  of  Avater.  Filter  each 
solution  "separately,  and  add  the  former  gradually  to  the 
latter  as  long  as  it  occasions  a  precipitate.  Wash  the  pre- 
cipitate, drain  it,  and  dry  it. 

2.  Dissolve  50  lbs.  of  sulphate  of  copper  and  10  lbs.  of  lime 
in  20  gallons  of  good  vinegar,  and  add  quickly  a  boiling 
hot  solution  to  50  lbs.  of  white  arsenic.  Stir  repeatedly, 
then  allow  it  to  settle ;  decant  the  clear  liquor  (which  is 
reserved  to  dissolve  the  arsenic  next  time),  and  wash  the 
precipitate,  and  dry  it. 

3.  Emerald  Green.  Mix  10  parts  of  pure  verdigris 
with  sufficient  boiling  water  to  form  a  soft  pulp,  and  sti'ain 
this  through  a  sieve.  Dissolve  9  or  10  parts  of  white 
arsenic  in  100  parts  of  boiling  watei*,  and  whilst  boiling, 
let  the  verdigris  pulp  be  gradually  added,  constantly 
stirring  the  mixture  till  the  precipitate  becomes  a  heavy, 
granular  powder. 

Green  withoui  Arsenic.  Dissolve  48  lbs.  of  sulphate  of 
copper,  and  2  lbs.  of  bichromate  of  potash  in  water,  and 
add  to  the  clear  solution,  2  lbs.  of  pearlash  and  1  lb.  of 
chalk. 

Rimnann's  Green  Pigment.  Dissolve  together  in  suffi- 
cient water  1  part  of  sulphate  of  cobalt  and  3  of  sulphate 


MISCELLAIS'EOUS    PEEPARATIOXS  427 

of  zinc ;  precipitate  with  carbonate  of  soda,  wasli  the  pre- 
cipitate, and  calcine  it. 

Chrome  Green.  A  mixture  of  chrome  yellow  and 
Prussian  blue.  [See  also  Chrome  Oxide,  further  back.] 
Barth'sGreen .  A  mixture  of  Prussian  blue  and  yellow  lake. 
Ultramarine,  Factitious.  Take  70  parts  of  silica,  or 
pure  siliceous  sand,  in  fine  powder ;  240  parts  of  recrys- 
tallized  alum,  calcuied ;  144  parts  of  sulphur ;  48  parts  of 
finely  powdered  charcoal ;  240  parts  of  dry  carbonate  of 
soda.  These  are  mixed  together  with  the  greatest  care  till 
the  mixture  appears  of  uniform  colour  under  a  powerful 
magnifier,  and  the  mLxture  exposed  to  a  moderate  red  heat 
in  a  closely  covered  crucible  for  an  hour  and  a  half.  Wash 
the  product  with  boihng  water,  Mix  the  powder  with  its 
own  weight  of  sulphur  and  1^  its  weight  of  dried  car- 
bonate of  soda,  and  burn  as  before ;  heat  it  again  with 
sulphur  and  carbonate  of  soda,  and  wash  it  till  the  filtered 
fluid  no  longer  colours  acetate  of  lead.  If  a  sample  of  the 
dried  powder  becomes  blue  when  burnt  with  sulphur,  it  is 
ready  for  the  last  operation.  Spread  over  a  cast-iron  plate 
a  layer  of  sulphur  a  line  in  thickness,  and  over  it  an  equal 
layer  of  the  dried  powder  after  having  passed  it  through  a 
gauze  sieve.  Heat  the  plate  so  as  to  burn  away  the  sul- 
phur at  the  lowest  possible  temperature.  Reduce  the  pig- 
ment to  powder,  and  repeat  the  burning  with  sulphur  and 
pulverization  till  the  colour  is  perfect. 

White  Lead  is  carbonate  of  lead  p-epared  by  various 
processes.  Zinc  White  is  oxide  of  zinc,  prepared  by  com- 
bustion. Oxychloride  of  Zinc  is  also  used.  Antimony 
White  is  oxide  of  antimony. 

Pink  Saucers.     See  Red  Dyes,  further  back. 

Plates,  Dagteereottpe,  are  prepared  by  cleaning  and 
polishing  the  silver  surface,  exposing  it  to  the  vapour  of 
dry  iodine,  or  tincture  of  iodine,  or  iodide  of  bromine,  or 
bromide  of  calcium.  After  havhig  the  image  thrown  on 
them,  they  are  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  mercury.  But  the 
manipulations  and  precautious  necessary  to  the  success  of 
the  operation,  are  too  mimci'ous  to  detail  lierc. 

Plate-Boiling  Powder.  Equal  parts  of  cream  of  tartar, 
alum,  and  common  salt.  A  small  quantity  added  to  the 
water  m  which  plate  is  boiled  gives  it  a  silvery  whiteness. 


428  tEADE   CHEMICALS 

Plate  Powdebs.  1.  Jewellers  Eoiige.  Dissolve  green 
vitriol  in  hot  water,  and  add  a  solution  of  pearlash  as  long 
as  it  throws  down  a  precipitate.  Wash  the  precipitate 
repeatedly  with  warm  water,  drain  it  on  calico,  and  finally 
calcine  it  till  it  assumes  a  bright  colour.  It  is  sometimes 
made  by  calcining  the  sulphate  of  iron  with  a  strong 
heat,  till  oxide  of  iron  only  remains.  Let  it  be  triturated 
with  water,  and  prepared  in  the  same  way  as  prepared 
chalk.     See  Polishing  Potvdee,  further  on. 

2.  French  Plate  Fowder.  Mix  one  part  of  jewellers' 
rouge  with  12  of  carbonate  of  magnesia. 

3.  Finely  prepared  chalk,  or  burnt  hartshorn.  One 
way  in  which  these  are  used  is  to  boil  them  with  water, 
with  pieces  of  rag;  the  finer  particles  are  entangled 
in  the  fibres  of  the  rags,  which  are  dried  and  kept 
for  use. 

4.  Quicksilver  with  chalk  1  oz.,  prepared  hartsuoni  8 
oz.,  prepared  chalk  4  oz.  Powders  containing  quicksilver, 
besides  the  necessary  wearing  of  the  surface,  are  supposed 
to  render  the  plate  more  brittle.  If  used  the  quicklime 
should  not  be  in  larger  proportion  than  the  above. 

5.  Finest  putty  powder  1  oz.,  levigated  chalk  5  oz. ;  a 
little  rouge  may  be  added  to  colour  it. 

See  NovAEGENT,  Silveeixg  Powdee,  &c.,  for  restoring 
the  silver  to  plated  goods. 

Platixa,  Black  (OxiPHOBors).  Dissolve  protochloride  of 
platinum  in  a  boiling  solution  of  potash,  add  alcohol  in 
small  portions  till  effervescence  ceases.  Boil  the  black 
precipitate  successively  with  alcohol,  hydrochloric  acid, 
and  potash,  and  finally  4  or  5  times  with  water. 

Platinated  Asbestos.  Dip  asbestos  in  a  solution  of 
chloride  of  platinum,  and  heat  it  to  redness.  It  causes  the 
inflammation  of  hydrogen  in  the  same  manner  as  sponge 
platina. — Dr.  Habe. 

Platinized  Siltee.  Silver  plates  for  Smee's  voltaic  bat- 
tery are  covered  witli  pulverulent  platinum  by  adding  a 
little  bichloride  of  platinum  to  acid  water,  and  decompos- 
ing the  solution  by  the  use  of  a  platinum  terminal  in  con- 
nexion with  the  copper  of  a  battery,  the  silver  plate  to  be 
platinized  being  in  connexion  with  the  zinc.  Platinum 
itself  is  sometimes  platinized  in  the  same  way.     Some- 


MISCELLANEOUS    PBEPAEATIONS  429 

times  the  plates  are  "platinized  witliout  tlie  battery.  The 
following  solution  is  used  by  Dr.  Wright  for  the  plates  of 
his  battery  : — Saturated  solution  of  chloride  of  platinum 
J  drachm,  sulphuric  acid  li  drachm,  water  2  drachms.  Dip 
tlie  plates  in  it  for  a  few  seconds,  and  wash  tliem  quickly. 

Platinum,  Chlorides  of.  Dissolve  platinum  in  uitro-liy- 
drochloric  acid,  and  evaporate  with  a  gentle  heat  to  dry- 
ness. The  red  bichloride  remains.  Heated  to  450°,  the 
protochloride  remains. 

Platinum  Sponge.  Dissolve  separately  in  rectified  spirit, 
chloride  of  platinum  and  sal  ammoniac.  Mix  the  solutions, 
and  heat  the  precipitate  to  redness.  For  balls  for  hydrogen 
lamps,  form  the  precipitate  into  balls  while  moist,  and 
afterwards  burn  them. 

Poison.  See  Beetle  Wafer,  Bug  Poisons,  Rat  Poison  ; 
Phosphorus  Paste,  Blights,  Remedies  for,  &c. 

Polish.     See  French  Polish. 

Polish  for  Boots,  &c.     See  Blacking. 

Polishing  Powder  for  Specula.  Lord  Ross.  Precipitate 
a  dilute  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron  by  ammonia  in  excess  ; 
wash  the  precipitate,  press  it  in  a  screw  press  till  nearly 
dry ;  then  expose  it  to  heat  until  it  appears  of  a  dull  red 
colour  in  the  dark. 

Pot  Pourri.     See  Perfumery. 

Potash,  Carbonate  of.  Salt  of  Tartar.  Subcarhonate  of 
potash.  See  Potassa)  Carbonas,  and  Potassse  Carbonas 
puruiu.  Pocket  Formvilary. 

Potash  Chlorate.     See  Chlorate  of  Potash. 

Potato  Disease,  Rhmedies  for.  The  following  are  some 
of  the  more  recent  propositions  for  the  prevention  of  this 
terrible  and  well-known  plant  epidemic  : 

1.  Some  direct  that  the  haulms  and  leaves  should  be 
entirely  removed  as  soon  as  the  least  symptom  of  disease 
shows  itself  in  them.  The  roots  may  grow  on  to  full  size 
without  becoming  affected. 

2.  The  Chevalier  Claussen's  Cure.  The  iwtatoes, 
before  planting,  are  wet  with  water  acidulated  with  sul- 
phuric acid  (1  part  to  500),  and,  before  they  are  dry, 
powdered  sulphate  of  lime  is  thrown  over  them.  This 
plan  has  been  found  a  very  efficient  one. 

3.  Mr.  T.  Herapath's  Plan.     The  roots,  before  planting, 


430  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

are  allowed  to  become  dry,  and  then  dipped  for  a  short 
time  in  a  ■weak  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper.  The  land  is 
dressed  with  a  mineral  composition  (2  parts  of  lime  to  1  of 
salt)  instead  of  farmj-ard  manure.  This  process  also  has 
been  attended  with  considerable  success. 

Pounce.  Powdered  gum  juniper  is  used  under  this  name, 
for  preparing-  parchment  for  ^vriting  on.  For  liquid 
pounce,  see  Ink,  Maeking. 

PouDEE  CiAEiFiANTE.  Beat  together  the  whites  and  yolks 
of  eggs,  dry  them  with  a  very  gentle  heat,  and  reduce  to 
powder.     For  clarifying  wines  and  syrups. 

PowDEES.  See  Tooth  Powdees,  and  Haie  Powders,  under 
Cosmetics  ;  Scent  Powdees,  under  Perfumeey,  &c. 

Preseeyative  Liquids.  See  Anatomical  Subjects,  and 
Animal  Substances,  to  Peeseeve. 

Peussiate  OF  PoTAsn  (Yellow)..  Wlxat  is  known  in  com- 
merce by  this  name  is  the  ferro-prussiate  of  potash,  or 
ferrocyanide  of  potassium.  It  is  prepared  by  fusing  in  an 
egg-shaped  iron  pot  a  mixture  of  2  parts  of  pearlash  and 
5  parts  of  dry  animal  matters,  such  as  horns,  hoofs,  tallow- 
chandler's  greaves,  &c.,  till  fetid  vapours  cease  to  be  pro- 
duced. Iron  filings  are  sometimes  added,  but  usually  the 
iron  necessary  to  the  formation  of  this  salt  is  derived  from 
the  iron  pots  and  stirrers.  The  fused  mass  {prussiate  cake) 
is  allo\\-ed  to  cool,  dissolved  in  warm  water,  and  the  clear 
filtei'cd  or  decanted  solution  evaporated,  that  crystals  may 
form.  These  are  dissolved  in  hot  water,  and  the  solution 
allowed  to  cool  very  slowly,  that  large  crystals  may  form. 

Red  Peussiate  of  Potash.  Ferrid-cyanide  of  Potassium. 
Ferricyanide  of  Pofassium.  Into  a  dilute  solution  of  the 
above  prussiate  of  potash,  a  current  of  chlorine  gas  is 
passed,  till  the  solution  ceases  to  give  a  blue  precipitate 
with  persalts  of  iron.  It  is  then  evaporated,  crystallized, 
and  recrystallized  till  quite  pure.  [M.  Posselt  advises 
to  add  a  few  drops  of  solution  of  i)otash  to  the  boiling 
liquoi',  to  decompose  the  green  matter  that  is  formed  ;  to 
filter  the  hot  solution,  to  separate  some  peroxide  of  iron 
wjiich  is  thrown  down,  and  to  let  the  liquor  cool  very  slowly.] 
Or,  boil  yellow  prussiate  of  potash  with  12  or  15  parts  of 
water,  and  while  boiling  add  good  chloride  of  lime  until  a 
filtered  sample  no  longer  yields  a  blue  precipitate  with 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPAEATIONS  431 

]icrsalts  of  iron.  Filter  quickly,  and  add  carbonate  of 
potash  till  the  liquid  has  a  faintly  alkaline  reaction,  then 
evaporate  for  crystallization. — Chemist,  vol.  viii. 

PriUssiAN  Blue.  Berlin  Blue.  Perciianide,ferrocyanide,  or 
ferro-prnssiate  of  iron.  Commercial  Prussian  blue  is  made 
by  adding  to  a  solution  of  prussiato  of  potash,  or  of 
prussiato  cake,  a  solution  of  2  parts  of  alum  and  1  of  sul- 
phate of  iron,  washing  the  precipitate  repeatedly  with 
water  to  which  a  little  hydrochloric  acid  has  been  added, 
and  exposing  it  to  the  air  till  it  assumes  a  deep  colour.  A 
purer  kind  is  made  by  adding  a  solution  of  persulphate  or 
perchloride  of  iron  to  a  solution  of  pure  ferro-prussiate  of 
potash.  Tuenbull's  Prussian  blue  (ferrid-cyanide  of 
iron)  is  made  by  adding  a  solution  of  red  prussiate  of 
potash  to  one  of  proto-sulphate  of  iron ;  or  by  adding 
proto-sulphate  of  iron  to  a  mixtiu'e  of  yellow  prussiate  of 
potash,  chloride  of  soda,  and  hydrochloric  acid. 

Soluble  Prussian  Bll'e.  Add  a  solution  of  proto-sulijhate 
of  iron  to  a  solution  of  prussiate  of  potash,  and  expose  the 
precipitate  to  the  air  till  it  becomes  blue,  and  wash  it  till 
the  soluble  salts  are  washed  away.  By  coutimiiug  the 
washing,  the  blue  itself  dissolves,  forming  a  deep  blue 
solution,  which  may  be  evaporated  without  decomposition. 
Or  add  a  solution  of  persulphate  of  iron  to  a  solution  of 
ferro-prussiate  of  potash,  keeping  the  latter  in  excess ; 
wash  the  precipitate  until  it  begins  to  dissolve,  and  dry 
it.     See  Ink,  Eeade's  Patent  Blue,  for  another  method. 

Purple  of  Cassius.  See  Aurum  Stanno  paratum.  Pocket 
Formulary.  Many  other  processes  have  been  proposed, 
of  which  the  following  is  one : — Dissolve  3  grs.  of  gold  in 
aqua  regia,  avoiding  excess,  and  dilute  with  3  oz.  of  water. 
Mix  30  grs.  of  pink  salt  (the  bichloride  of  tin  with  sal- 
ammoniac)  with3|  grs.  of  tin  filings  and  2  drs.  of  water  till 
the  tin  is  almost  entirely  dissolved :  add  7  drs.  of  water, 
and  add  this  solution  to  the  gold  solution,  slightly  warmed. 
Wash  tLo  precipitate,  and  dry  it. 

Pyroligneous  Acid,  ~\      By  the  destructive  distillation 

Pi'UOXYLic  Spirit,  >  of  dried  wood,  chietiy  that  of 

Pi'ROACETic  Spirit,  &c.      )  the  beech  ancl  birch",  in  iron 

cylinders,  an  acid  liquor  and  tar  arc  produced.     These  are 


432  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

received  in  proper  reservoirs,  and  are  afterwards  separated. 
The  tar  is  subjected  to  distillation,  and  yields  oil  of  tar 
(containing  creasote,  eupiou,  &c.))  and  leaves  a  residiuni 
of  pitch,  or  Enfflish  asphalt.  The  acid  liquor,  separated 
from  the  tarry  deposit,  is  also  distilled  :  the  first  portion 
which  comes  over  contains  the  pyroxlic  spirit,  which  is 
rectified  by  one  or  more  distillations.  It  may  be  further 
purified  by  distilling  it  with  dried  chloride  of  calcium, 
and  finally  with  quicklime.  This  constitutes  one  of  the 
articles  sold  under  the  name  of  naphtha,  and  is  regai'ded  by 
chemists  as  a  hydrated  oxide  of  methyle.  After  the 
pyroxylic  spirit  has  come  over,  the  crude  pyroligneous  acid 
distils,  which  still  holds  some  tar  and  empyreumatic  oil  in 
solution.  It  is  purified  by  saturating  it  either  directly 
with  common  soda,  or  first  with  lime,  or  rather  chalk,  and 
when  the  neutral  solution  has  become  clear,  evaporating  it 
to  l'I14  sp.  gr.,  and  adding  suflicient  saturated  solution  of 
sulphate  of  soda  to  decompose  the  impiu'e  acetate  of  lime. 
The  clear  solution  obtained  by  either  process  is  then 
evaporated,  that  the  acetate  of  soda  may  crystallize.  This 
is  afterwards  roasted  at  a  temperature  of  about  500° 
Fahrenheit,  to  destroy  the  tar,  and  again  dissolved  and 
crystallized.  The  purified  acetate  is  then  distilled  with 
sulphuric  acid.  See  Acidum  Aceticum,  Pocket  Formulary. 
For  some  manufacturing  purposes,  an  impure  acid  is  ob- 
tained by  merely  saturating  the  crude  pyroligneous  acid 
with  lime,  evaporating  to  dryness,  and  distilling  with 
sulphuric  acid. 

If  acetate  of  lime  or  acetate  of  lead  be  distilled  without 
addition,  and  the  liquid  which  comes  over  be  rectified  over 
lime,  pyroacetic  spirit  is  obtained :  this  is  also  termed 
acetone. 
PrEOPHORTTS.  This  name  is  given  to  several  compounds, 
prepared  by  calcination,  which  take  fire  when  exposed  to 
the  air,  especially  when  breathed  upon.  The  following  are 
perhaps  some  of  the  best : 

1.  Heat  tartrate  of  lead  in  a  tube  of  hard  glass,  and 
securely  close  the  tube  before  the  charred  residium  be- 
comes cold.  A  little  poured  out  and  breathed  upon  takes 
fire.  The  tartrate  of  lead  is  made  by  dissolving  separately 
2  drs.  of  tartaric  acid  and  5  drs.  of  crystallized  acetate  of 


MISCBLIANEOUS   PEEPAllATlONS  43^ 

lead  in  sufficient  water,  mixing  the  solutions,  and  collect- 
ing, washing,  and  drying  the  precipitate. 

2.  Calcine  tartar  emetic  in  a  similar  mamier,  of  in  a 
closed  crucihle. 

3.  Mix  11  parts  o£  lamp-black  with  2  of  powdered  sul- 
pliate  of  potash,  and  heat  the  mixture  strongly  in  a  closely 
covered  crucible.  The  product  is  so  combustible  that  it 
can  scarcely  be  transferred  to  a  bottle  without  danger. 

4.  Mix  3  parts  of  powdered  alum  with  1  of  flour,  and 
calcine  the  mixture  in  a  common  phial  coated  mth  clay 
or  placed  in  sand,  till  it  ceases  to  emit  a  blue  flame.  Be- 
fore it  is  cold,  close  it  securely  with  a  sound  cork  or  glass 
stopper. 

5.  Mix  neutral  chromate  of  lead  with  l-6th  its  weight 
of  sulphur ;  triturate  them  with  water  sufficient  to  form 
a  paste,  and  make  it  into  pellets ;  dry  these  perfectly,  then 
heat  them  in  a  tube  till  the  sulphur  is  all  driven  off,  and 
secure  as  the  last. 

Rat  and  Mice  Poisons.  [Such  as  contain  arsenic  are  placed 
first,  and  afterwards  several  compounds  which  have  been 
introduced  as  substitutes  for  that  mineral,  which  has 
proved  so  destructive  of  hmnan  life.  According  to  a  recent 
Act  of  Parliament,  this  dangerous  compound  can  only  be 
purchased  in  wholesale  quantities.  Among  other  precau- 
tions taken  to  prevent  accident,  it  is  provided  that  it  be 
mixed  with  colouring  matters,  such  as  soot  and  indigo,  in 
order  to  prevent  its  being  taken  by  mistake,  or  to  ensure 
detection  if  designedly  administered.] 

Arsenical  Paste.  1.  (Authorised  hy  the  Government  of 
France^  Melt  2  lbs.  of  suet  in  an  earthen  vessel  over  a 
slow  fire,  and  add  2  lbs.  of  wheat  flour,  3  oz.  of  levigated 
white  arsenic,  2,\  drs.  of  lamp  black,  15  drops  of  oil  of 
aniseed.  It  may  be  used  alone,  or  mixed  with  bread 
crumbs,  &c.     \For  destroying  rats  and  mice.^ 

2.  For  barnfloors.  Mix  a  pint  of  good  flour  with  as 
much  yellow  arsenic  as  will  lie  on  a  shilling ;  put  this  in  a 
small  heap  on  the  floor,  and  over  this  put  another  pint  of 
good  flour  unmixed.  Draw  a  track  up  to  the  heap  with  a 
feather  dipped  in  oil  of  aniseed  and  oil  of  caraways,  and 
sprinkle  this  over  with  a  little  flour.* 

*  The  following  is  an  old  rat-catcher'a  receipt  for  oils  to  attract  rats  :— 

28 


434  TRADE   CHEMICALS 

3.  Mix  a  quart  of  the  best  oatmeal,  2  oz.  of  powdered 
loaf  sugar,  6  drops  each  of  the  oils  of  rhodium,  caraway, 
aud  auiseed,  aud  i  gr.  Musk.  Mix  them  very  perfectly 
without  touching  the  mixture  with  the  hands.  Place  in  a 
retired  spot  6  or  8  pieces  of  clean  board,  and  on  each,  two 
tablespoonfuls  of  the  powder,  for  a  few  successive  nights, 
without  disturbing  the  rats.  About  the  sixth  uight,  if 
they  are  found  to  eat  freely,  mix  a  teaspoonfid  of  white 
arsenic  with  the  powder.  What  remains  in  the  morning 
should  be  burnt,  avoiding  the  fumes. — The  Chemist, 
vol.  vi. 

4.  White  arsenic  2  oz.,  carbonate  of  baryta  2  oz.,  white 
sugar  3f  oz.,  rose  pink  i  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  and  oil  of 
rhodium,  of  each  5  drops. 

5.  Malt  flour  1  lb.,  oil  of  rhodium  3  drops,  sugar  2  oz., 
8  cloves,  a  tablespoouful  of  caraway  seeds,  all  beaten  in 
a  mortar.  Lay  it  in  small  parcels  where  they  frequent,  for 
3  or  4  nights,  till  they  eat  freely,  then  add  some  arsenic 
dissolved  in  spirits  of  salts. — Mayee. 

6.  Ointment  for  Rats  in  Hicks.  Mix  together  1  lb.  of 
fresh  butter,  free  from  salt,  1^  oz.  of  calomel,  8  oz.  of 
crumbs  of  white  bread,  2  oz.  of  sugar,  5  drops  each  of 
oils  of  nutmeg  and  rhodium,  and  2  di'ops  of  oil  of  ani- 
seed. To  use  it,  make  a  hole  with  the  arm  under  the 
ridge ;  into  this  hole  insert  a  stick,  and  on  the  middle  of 
it,  where  it  does  not  touch  the  rick,  put  a  lump  of  the 
ointment.  For  Traps.  Put  the  same  with  2  or  3  drops 
of  oil  of  thyme. 

7.  Hampshire  Millers'  Rat  Poivder.  Mix  1  oz.  of  nux 
vomica  in  powder  with  a  pound  of  fresh  oatmeal,  aud  add 
a  few  drops  of  oil  of  rhodium,  or,  what  answers  better,  oil 
of  aniseed  with  musk. 

8.  Philanthrope  Muophohon.  A  French  preparation  so 
called,  consists  of  1  part  of  emetic  tartar  to  4  of  farinaceous 
and  other  ingredients. 

9.  Put  into  a  flask  2  drs.  of  phosphorus  and  5  or  6  oz. 
of  water,  put  the  flask  in  warm  water  (about  150°  Fah- 
renheit) till  the  phosphorus  is  liquefied ;  pour  the  contents 

Two  drs.  of  oil  of  auiseed,  2  drops  of  nitrous  acid,  aud  2  grs.  of  musk.  Oil 
of  iliodium  is  also  supposed  to  be  very  attractive  to  these  vermin.  Assa- 
foetidu  with  these  oils  is  sometimes  used. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPAEATIOIfS  435 

into  a  mortar,  and  immediately  add  5  or  6  oz.  of  rye- 
meal  ;  when  cool,  add  the  same  quantity  of  melted  fresh 
butter,  and  4  oz.  of  sugar. 

10.  Another  form  of  the  phosphorus  compound  is : — 
Melt  1  lb.  of  lard  in  a  bottle  plunged  into  water,  and 
heated  to  150°  Fahrenheit.  Introduce  into  it  i  oz.  of 
phosphorus  and  add  a  pint  of  proof  spirit.  Cork  the  bottle 
securely  after  its  contents  have  been  heated  from  140'  to 
150°,  and  taking  it  out  of  the  water  bath,  agitate  it  briskly 
till  the  phosphorus  is  uniformly  diffused ;  repeat  the  agita- 
tion occasionally  as  it  cools,  and,  when  cold,  pour  off  the 
spirit  which  has  separated  (which  may  be  reserved  for  the 
same  purpose),  and  incorporate  with  the  fatty  compound 
wheat  flour  and  sugar.  Oil  of  rhodium  or  aniseed  may  be 
added.  Place  little  lumps  of  this  in  the  rat-holes,  and  set 
some  water  near  for  them  to  drink.  For  a  third  receipt, 
see  Phosphorus  Paste  foe  Vee3j:i>'',  further  back. 

11.  Valentia  almonds  1  oz.,  treacle  2  oz.,  carbonate  of 
baryta  1  oz.,  oil  of  aniseed  5  drops,  flour  enough  to  form  a 
paste. 

12.  Powdered  sqiull  i  oz.,  strong  cheese  2  oz.  Mix  and 
form  into  balls.     For  Mice. 

13.  Pulp  of  squills  made  into  a  paste  with  flour  and 
dried,  has  been  used  as  a  poison  for  rats  in  France. 

Rennet.     The  stomach  of  a  calf,  washed,  salted,  and  dried. 

Rennet  Liquid.  Essence  of  Rennet.  Fresh  rennet 
12  oz.,  salt  2  oz.,  proof  spirit  2  oz.,  white  wine  a  quart ; 
digest  for  24  hours  and  strain.  A  quart  of  milk  requires 
2  or  3  teaspoonfuls.  Wislin  directs,  10  parts  of  a  calf's 
stomach,  salt  3  parts.  The  membrane  of  the  stomach  is  to 
be  cut  with  scissors,  and  kneaded  with  the  salt  and  with  the 
reanet  found  in  the  iftiterior  of  that  organ ;  the  whole  left 
in  a  cool  place  in  an  earthen  pot  till  the  cheesy  odour  is 
replaced  by  the  proper  odour  of  rennet,  which  will  be  in  1 
or  2  months.  Then  add  16  parts  of  water  and  1  of  spirit. 
Filter  and  colour  with  burnt  sugar. 

Rust,  to  Prevent  and  Remove.  Steel  goods  are  rubbed 
over  with  a  mixture  of  lime  and  oil,  to  jireserve  them  from 
rusting.  Mercurial  ointment  has  been  recommended  for 
the  same  purpose.  M.  Payen  reconnnends  iilungiug  the 
articles  into  a  sohition  of  common  soda.     Spots  of  rust  arc 


436  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

removed  by  rubbing  them  with  very  fine  emery  and  sweet 
oil ;  as  a  cliemical  means  of  rcmo\ing  them, the ammoniacal 
chloride  of  zinc  may  be  found  useful.  See  Zinc.  To  re- 
move rust-spots  from  linen,  oxalic  acid  or  binoxalate  of 
potash  is  commonly  used.  Runge  recounnends  prussiate 
of  potash.  Dissolve  a  little  in  water,  and  just  acidulate 
with  sulphuric  acid.  The  stained  linen  macerated  m  this 
water  turns  blue.  Its  whiteness  is  now  restored  by  a  solu- 
tion of  carbonate  of  potash. 

Saxon  Bltje.  See  Chemic  Blue.  The  solution  of  indigo 
in  sulphuric  acid,  diluted  with  twice  its  weight  of  water, 
is  so  termed. 

ScOTJEING    DeOPS     FOR     REMOVING     GeEASE.        1.   Alcohol 

(pure)  6  oz.,  camphor  2  oz.,  rectified  essence  of  lemon 
8  oz. 

2.  Camphine  3  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  1  oz. ;  mix.  Some 
direct  th(?m  to  be  distilled  together. 

3.  French.  Camphine  8  oz.,  pure  alcohol  1  oz.,  sulphuric 
ether  1  oz.,  essence  of  lemon  1  dr. 

4.  Spirit  of  wine  a  pint,  white  soap  3  oz.,  ox-gall  3  oz., 
essence  of  lemon  i  oz. 

Sealing-wax.     1.  Blue.     Shell-lac  2  parts,  dammar  resin, 

2  parts,  Bergundy  pitch  1  part,  Venice  turpentine  1  part, 
artificial  ultramarine  3  parts. 

2.  Light  Hue.  As  the  last,  with  1  part  of  dry  sulphate 
of  lead. 

3.  DarJc  Blue.  Venice  turpentine  3  oz.,  finest  shell-lac 
7  oz.,  clear  amber  or  black  resin  1  oz.,  Prussian  blue  1  oz., 
carbonate  of  Magnesia  1^  drs.  The  last  two  to  be  made 
into  a  stiff  paste  with  oil  of  turpentine,  and  added  to  the 
melted  shell-lac  and  Venice  turpentine. 

Black.  1.  Venice  turpentine  4^  oz.,  shell-lac  9  oz., 
colophony  \  oz.,  lamp  black  mixed  to  a  paste  with  oil  of 
turpentine  q.  s. 

2.  Inferior.      Venice  turpentme  4  oz.,  shell-lac  8  oz., 

3  oz.  of  colophony,  and  sufficient  lamp  black  mixed  with 
oil  of  turpentine  to  colour  it. 

3.  Shell-lac  8  oz.,  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  lamp  black 
6oz. 

4.  Common,  for  bottles.  Resin  6  oz. ;  shell-lac  2  oz., 
Venice  tarjieutine  2  oz.,  lamp  black  q.  s. 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPAKATIONS  437 

Brown.  1.  Light  Brown.  Venice  turpentine  4  oz., 
sliell-lac  7h  o/.,  brown  earth  (English  umber  ?)  ^  oz.,  cin- 
nabar ^  07..,  prepared  chalk  ^  o?;.,  carbonate  of  magnesia 
moistened  with  oil  of  turpentine  1^  drs. 

2.  Light  Brown — Second  quality.  Venice  turpentine 
4  oz.,  shell-lac  7  oz.,  resin  3  oz.,  English  umber  3  oz., 
cinnabar  5  oz.,  prepared  chalk  1  oz.,  magnesia  as  the 
last. 

3.  Dark  Brown.  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  fine  shell-lac 
7^  oz.,  English  umber  Ij  oz.,  magnesia  as  before. 

4.  Dark  Broivn — Second  quality.  Venice  turpentine 
4  oz.,  shell-lac  7  oz.,  colophony  3  oz.,  English  umber  1^  oz., 
magnesia  as  before. 

Green.  Venice  turpentine  2  oz.,  shell-lac  4  oz.,  colo- 
phony, I5  oz..  King's  yellow  i  oz.,  Prussian  blue  \  oz., 
magnesia  as  for  bro\^'n.  ' 

Gold.  1.  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  fine  shell-lac  8  oz., 
leaf-gold  14  sheets,  bronze  powder  -J-  oz.,  magnesia  (made 
into  a  paste  with  oil  of  turpentine)  1^  drs. 

2.  Use  gold  talc  instead  of  gold  leaf  and  bronze. — 
Gray. 

Btarhled.  Melt  each  coloured  wax  separately,  and  just 
as  they  begin  to  grow  solid,  mix  together. — Geay. 

Bed.  1.  Fine  Carmine  Wax.  Venice  turpentine  2  oz., 
finest  shell-lac  4  oz.,  colophony  1  oz.,  Chinese  vermilion 
1^  oz.,  magnesia  (moistened  with  oil  of  turpentine)  1|^  drs. 

2.  Finest  Red.  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  shell-lac  7  oz., 
cinnabar  4  oz.,  carbonate  of  magnesia  (with  oil  of  turpen- 
tine) IJ  drs. 

3.  As  the  last,  with  only  3^  oz.  of  cinnabar. 

4.  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  shell-lac  Q\  oz.,  colophony 
i  oz.,  cinnabar  2^  oz.,  magnesia  (with  oil  of  turpentine) 
1^  drs. 

5.  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  sbell-lac  6  oz.,  colophony 
^  oz.,  cinnabar  Ij  oz.,  magnesia  as  before. 

6.  As  the  last,  but  use  colophony  and  cinnabar  each 
It  oz, 

7.  Venice  turpentine  4  oz.,  shell-lac  5j  oz.,  colophony 
IJ  oz.,  cinnabar  1^  oz.,  magnesia  as  before. 

8.  English.  Venice  turpentine  2  oz.,  shell-lac  4  oz., 
vermilion  1  oz. 


438  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

9.  SpanisJi.  Venice  turpentine  8  oz.,  shell-lac  2  oz., 
colophony  4  oz.,  vermilion  1  oz.  Remove  from  the  fire, 
and  add  ^  oz.  of  rectified  spirit. 

Yelloiv.  Venice  turpentine  2  oz.,  shell-lac  4  oz.,  colo- 
phony Ij  oz..  King's  yellow  f  oz.,  magnesia  as  before. 

Perfumed  Wax.  Add  to  any  of  the  above  a  small 
quantity  of  fine  benzoin. 

Common  Bottle  Wax.  1.  Dark  resin  18  oz.,  shell-lac 
1  oz.,  bees'-wax  1  oz.  Mix  together,  and  colour  with  red 
lead,  Venetian  red,  or  lamp  black. 

2.  Resin  19  oz.,  bees'-wax  1  oz. ;  colour  as  before. 
Sea- Water,  Aetieicial.     See  Aquaeium. 
Shell-iac,  to  Bleach.     See  Lac,  further  back. 
Silk  Cleaner,     Mix  well  together  ^  lb.  of  soft  soap,  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  brandy,  i  pint  of  methylated  spirit  and  \  pint  of 
water.     It  is  to  be  spread  with  a  sponge  on  each  side  of 
the  silk  without  creasing  it ;  the  silk  is  then  rinsed  out 
two  or  three  times,  and  ironed  on  the  wrong  side. 
Silver,  to  Clean.     See  Plate  Powdee.     To  clean  silver 
utensils,  blackened   by  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  Bottger 
recommends  a  boiling  saturated  solution  of   borax,  or  a 
solution  of  caustic  potash,  with  some  fragments  of  metallic 
zinc. 
Silvering  Powder,  &c.,for  silvering  copper,  covering  the 
loom  parts  of  pilated  goods,  &c.     1.  Nitrate  of  silver  30 
grs.,  common  salt  30  grs.,  cream  of  tartar  3J  drs.     Mix. 
1    Moistened  with  water  and  rubbed  on  dial  plates  or  other 
cojjper  articles,  it  coats  them  with  sih'er. 

2.  Sih'er  precipitated  from  its  nitric  solution  by  copper 
20  grs.,  alum  30  grs.,  cream  of  tartar  2  drs.,  salt  2  drs. 

3.  Precipitated  silver  g  oz.,  common  salt  2  oz.,  chloride 
of  ammonium  2  oz.,  corrosive  sublimate  1  dr. ;  make  it  into 
a  paste  with  water.  Copper  utensils  are  previously  boiled 
witli  tartar  and  alum,  and  rubbed  with  this  paste,  then 
made  red-hot,  and  afterwards  polished. 

4.  Dissolve  chloride  of  silver  in  a  solution  of  hypo- 
sulphite of  soda,  and  mix  this  with  pi'cpared  hartshorn  or 
other  suitable  powder. 

SiLVEEiNG  Paste.  Nitrate  of  silver  1  part,  cyanide  of 
potassiiim  (Liebig's)  3  parts,  water  sufticient  to  form  a 
thick  paste.     Apply  it  with  a  rag.     A  bath  for  the  same 


MISCELLANEOIJS    PREPARATIONS  439 

purpose  is  made  by  dissolving  100  parts  of  sulphite  of 
sodium,  and  15  of  nitrate  of  silver,  in  water,  and  dipping 
the  article  to  be  silvered,  into  it. 

Electro-silyeeing.  Mr.  Watt.  1.  To  the  crystallized 
nitrate  of  silver  obtained  by  dissolving  1  oz.  of  fine  silver 
in  nitric  acid,  add  3  pints  of  cold  distilled  water  to  dis- 
solve it.  Precipitate  with  common  salt.  Wash  well. 
Dissolve  the  chloride  in  just  enough  of  the  strong  solution 
of  cyanide  of  potassium.  Filter  several  times,  then  add 
distilled  water  to  1  gallon.  This  is  excellent  for  a  dead 
white,  or  to  plate  cleaned  figures,  or  clock-dials,  which 
only  require  to  be  scratch-brushed  iffrst.  Or  if  worked 
weaker,  with  a  feeble  battery,  and  a  small  surface  of  anode 
exposed,  a  thick  layer  is  obtained,  which  will  bear  bur- 
nishing. 

2.  Dissolve  as  much  nitrate  in  the  same  quantity  of 
distilled  water.  Add  strong  solution  of  cyanide  of  potas- 
sium till  there  is  no  further  precipitate— (not  enough  to 
re-dissolve  this).  Wash  the  precipitated  cyanide  several 
times  with  pure  water.  Add  now  enough  strong  solution 
of  cyanide  of  potassium  to  dissolve  it,  and  make  up_  tlie 
solution  to  1  gallon.  Filter  before  using.  When  it  is 
desired  that  the  articles  should  come  out  with  a  bright 
appearance,  a  little  bisulphuret  of  carbon  is  added  to  the 
solution. 

Silver,  Oxidized.  Ornaments  to  which  this  name  is 
given  have  a  surface  of  silver  which  has  been  acted  on 
by  some  chemical  liquid.  A  solution  of  sal  ammoniac  will 
give  a  browniish  tint ;  a  still  better  one  is  obtained  by 
using  equal  parts  of  sulphate  of  copper  and  sal  ammoniac 
dissolved  in  vinegar.  A  fine  black  tint  may  be  produced 
by  a  slightly  warm  solution  of  sulphide  of  potassium. 
Solutions  of  the  chlorides  of  platinum  and  gold  are  some- 
times adopted  in  these  processes. 

SiLVEEiKG  Glass.     See  Glass. 

Silver,  to  Pukiey  and  Reduce.  Silver,  as  used  in  the 
arts  and  coinage,  is  alloyed  with  a  portion  of  copper.  To 
purify  it,  dissolve  the  metal  in  nitric  acid  slightly  diluted, 
and  add  common  salt,  ^\'hich  throws  down  the  whole  of 
the  silver  in  the  form  of  chloride.  To  reduce  it  into  a 
metallic  state  several  methods  are  used-. — 1.  The  chloride 


440  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

must  be  repeatedly  washed  with  distilled  water,  and  placed 
in  a  zinc  cup ;  a  little  diluted  sulphuric  acid  being  added, 
the  chloride  is  soon  reduced.  The  silver  when  thoroughly 
washed  is  quite  pure.  In  the  absence  of  a  zinc  cup,  a 
porcelain  cup  containing  a  zinc  plate  may  be  used.  The 
process  is  expedited  by  warming  the  cup. 

2.  Digest  the  washed  chloride  with  pure  copper  and 
ammonia.  The  quantity  of  ammonia  need  not  be  sufficient 
to  dissolve  the  chloride.  Leave  the  mixture  for  a  day, 
then  wash  the  silver  thoroughly. — Hoentjng. 

3.  Boil  the  washed  and  moist  chloride  in  solution  of  pure 
potash,  adding  a  little  sugar ;  when  washed  it  is  quite  pure. 

SiLYEE,  Solvent  foe.     See  further  on. 

Size.  Oil  Size  is  made  by  grinding  yellow  ochre  or  burnt 
red  ochre  with  boiled  linseed  oil,  and  thinning  it  with  oil 
of  turpentine.  Water  Size  (for  burnished  gilding)  is 
parchment  size  ground  with  yellow  ochre. 

Smalts.     See  Pigments. 

Skeleton  Leaves,  to  make.  Steep  the  leaves,  seed-vessels, 
or  other  parts  of  the  plant  to  be  dissected,  in  rain  water, 
until  the  whole  of  the  soft  matter  is  decomposed.  Some 
require  a  few  weeks,  others  several  months.  The  rotted 
parts  are  now  to  be  carefully  removed  by  a  fine  brush, 
under  the  surface  of  water,  or  in  a  stream  of  water.  A 
syringe  is  sometimes  required.  To  bleach  the  skeletons 
soak  them  for  some  hours  in  a  mixture  of  1  oz.  of  strong 
solution  of  chloride  of  lime  and  a  quart  of  distilled  water. 
Lastly,  wash  thoroughly  in  cold  water,  and  dry  by  exposure 
to  air. 

Smoking  Fluid.  One  drop  of  creasotc  in  a  pint  of  water 
imparts  a  smoky  flavour  to  fish  or  meat  dipped  into  it  for 
a  few  minutes. 

Soap.  Foe  Peefumed  and  Toilet  Soaps,  see  Skin  Cos- 
metics, further  back.  For  the  manufacture  of  soaps 
generally,  see  Dr.  Uee's  '  Dictionary  of  the  Arts,'  Wagner's 
'Chemical  Technology,'  and  other  similar  works.  Hard 
soaps  are  made  by  boiling  oils  or  fats  with  a  ley  of  caustic 
soda.  Soft  soaps  consist  of  oil  and  potash ;  and  as  they 
do  not  separate  from  the  ley  like  the  hard  soaps,  they 
generally  contain  an  excess  of  caustic  alkali.  Silica  soap 
lias  silicatp  of  soda  incorporated  with  it;.     Soap  is  ^dul- 


MISCKLLA^NEOUS    PEEPAEATIONS  441 

teratcd  by  earthy  matters,  as  pipe-clay,  &c. ;  these  and 
other  impurities  remain  when  soap  is  dissolved  in  alcohol. 

Soap,  Marine.  Patent.  This  is  made  by  substituting 
cocoa-nut  oil  for  the  fats  and  oils  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  common  soap.  It  has  the  advantage  of  forming  a 
lather  with  salt  water. 

Soda.  For  its  medical  and  pharmaceutical  compounds,  see 
Pocket  Formulary. 

Soda,  Hyposulphite  of.  Dissolve  1  lb.  of  crystallized 
carbonate  of  soda  in  a  quart  of  boiling  water.  Slake  -J-  lb. 
of  lime  in  another  quart  of  water.  Mix  the  solutions,  let 
them  stand  in  a  covered  vessel  until  cold,  pour  off  the 
clear  liquid,  and  boil  it  with  more  sulphur  than  it  will 
dissolve.  Pour  off  the  clear  solution  into  a  deep  vessel, 
and  pass  sulphurous  acid  gas  through  it  until  it  becomes 
nearly  colourless.  "Wliile  still  a  little  yellow,  filter,and  evapo- 
rate it  quickly  in  an  earthen  vessel  to  a  syrupy  consistence. 
Shake  this  with  half  its  bulk  of  rectified  spirit,  and  allow 
the  lower  layer  to  crystallize  imder  the  alcoholic  solution 
which  floats  on  it.     It  must  be  kept  from  the  air  and  light. 

Solvents  for  India  Rubber.  Ether  for  this  purpose 
should  be  agitated  with  water,  and  decanted.  Benzol 
will  dissolve  caoutchouc  with  warmth  and  long  digestion. 
Rectified  coal  naphtha  forms  an  imperfect  solution  em- 
ployed in  Macintosh's  waterproof  fabrics.  Oil  of  tur- 
pentine, rendered  pyrogenous  by  absorbing  it  with  bricks 
of  porous  ware,  and  distilling  it  without  water,  and  treat- 
ing the  product  in  the  same  way,  is  also  used  for  thi.s 
purpose.  It  is  stated  that  the  solution  on  evaporation 
does  not  leave  the  caoutchouc  in  a  sticky  state.  Another 
method  is  to  agitate  oil  of  turpentine  repeatedly  with  a 
mixture  of  equal  weights  of  suli)huric  acid  and  water  ;  and 
afterwards  to  expose  it  to  the  sun  for  some  time.  Bisul- 
phide of  carbon  is  a  good  solvent,  dissolving  the  gum 
without  heat.  This  constitutes  Parees'  Patent  Solvent. 
Chloroform  is  an  excellent  but  rather  expensive  solvent.* 
Caoutchoucin  has  also  been  employed  as  a  solvent.  It 
is  prejiared  by  distilling  India  rubber  without  addition, 
increasing  the  heat  to  600'^  Fahr.  The  product  is  rectified 
by    distilling   it    with  one  third  of  water.     It  is  then  a 

^Jlethylated  cUloroforni  is  much  cheaper  tlian  that  made  from  rectified  spirit. 


442  TE.VDE    CHEMICALS 

colourless  fluid  of  0'680  specific  gra^-ity.  Its  smell  is  im- 
proved by  agitating  it  •nith  5  oz.  of  nitro-hydrochloric  acid 
to  each  gallon.  India  rubber  is  rendered  more  readily 
soluble  by  first  digesting  it  with  a  solution  of  carbonate  of 
soda,  or  water  of  ammonia. 

SOLTEXTS  POE  GUTTA  Peecha.  Benzol  readily  dissolves  it. 
So  do  chloroform  and  bisulphide  of  carbon. 

Solvent  eoe  Old  Pctty  a>'d  PAiyx.  Soft  soap  mixed 
with  solution  of  potash  or  caustic  soda;  or  pearlash  and 
slaked  lime  mixed  with  sufficient  water  to  form  a  paste. 
Either  of  these  laid  on  with  an  old  brush  or  rag,  and  left 
for  some  hours,  will  render  it  easily  removable. 

Soluble  Glass.     See  Glass. 

SOLCTIOXS  USED  IX  ElECTBOTTPE  ilA>"IPT:LATIO>'S,  &C. 

Tor  the  Decomposing  Cell.  1.  Saturated  solution  of 
sulphate  of  copper  2  parts,  sulphuric  acid  2  parts,  water 
6  or  8  parts.  2.  Mr.  Walkee  directs  2  measures  of  a 
saturated  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper,  and  1  measure  of 
acidulated  water  (1  part  of  sulphuric  acid  to  9  of  water), 
3.  Eobell's  solution  consists  of  2  parts  of  a  saturated 
solution  01  sulphate  of  copper,  and  1  part  of  a  saturated 
solution  of  Glauber's  salt,  to  which  as  much  sulphate  of 
copper  has  been  added  as  it  will  take  up. 

2.  Gold  Solution.  Dissolve  2  oz.  of  cyanide  of  potassium 
(prepai-ed  by  Lieeig's  method)  in  a  pint  of  warm  distilled 
water,  add  i  oz.  of  oxide  of  gold,  and  agitate  together. 

3.  Silver  Solution.  Dissolve  2  oz.  of  Liebig's  cyanide 
of  potassium  in  a  pint  of  distilled  water;  add  ^  oz.  of 
moist  oxide  of  silver  (precipitated  by  lime-water  from  a 
solution  of  the  crystallized  nitrate),  and  agitate  together 
till  the  oxide  is  dissolved. 

4.  Solution  in  which  Steel  Articles  are  dipped  le/ore 
Electroplating  them.  Nitrate  of  silver  1  part,  nitrate  of 
mercury  1  part,  nitric  acid  (sp.  gi".  1-384)  4  parts,  water 
120  parts. 

5.  Solution,  or  Pickle,  for  Immersing  Copper  Articles  in 
before  Electroplating.  Sulphuric  acid  64  parts,  water  64, 
nitric  acid  32.  hydrochloric  acid  1 :  mix.  The  article,  free 
from  grease,  is  dipped  in  the  pickle  for  a  second  or  two. 
See  GiLDi>'G,  SiLVEEiXG,  Electbo-Brassi>'G,  &c. 

SOLTTXION    rOB    iICLl.I>'S'    VOLTAIC    BATTEEY,      In    COntOCt 


MISCELLAXEOUS    PEEPAEATIO>'S  443 

icith  the  Zinc:  1  part  of  sal  ammoniac  to  5  of  water. 
In  contact  with  the  Copper  :  a  saturated  solution  of  sul- 
phate of  copper.  M.  BAcnnoFFXEE  uses  a  saturated  solu- 
tion of  common  salt  and  a  satiu'ated  solution  of  sulphate 
of  copper. 

SoLTiTiox  FOE  SoLDEBLyG.  Dissolve  zinc  in  hydi'ochloric  acid 
to  saturation,  add  pulverized  sal  ammoniac,  and  boil  for 
a  short  time.  Applied  with  a  sjjonge  or  feather  it  facili- 
tates the  flow  of  the  solder. 

SoLUTioxs  FOE  THE  Watee-bath.  Various  salts  dissolved 
in  water  materially  raise  the  boiling-point,  and  thus  afford 
the  means  of  obtaining  a  steady  temperature  at  different 
degrees  above  212^.  The  following  are  some  of  the  most 
useful : 

A  saturated  solution  of  nitrate  of  soda  boils  at  246°  Fahr. 
„  „  Eochelle  salts  at    .     .    240        „ 

„  „  nitre  at 238        „ 

„  „  chloride  of  sodium  at   224        „ 

„  „  sulphate  of  magnesia  at  222        „ 

SoiTEXT  FOE_  SiLVEE.  Isitro-sulphv.ric  Acid.  Dissolve  1 
part  of  u'.tre  in  10  parts  of  oil  of  ^•itriol.  Used  for  dis- 
solving the  sUver  from  plated  goods,  &c.  It  dissolves 
silver  at  a  temperature  below  200°,  and  scarcely  acts 
upon  copiier,  lead,  and  ii'on,  unless  diluted.  The  silver 
is  precipitated  from  the  solution,  after  moderately  diluting 
it,  by  common  salt,  and  the  chloride  reduced  as  directed, 
under  Sixyee,  to  pubift  axd  EEorcE. 

Spirit  of  Niteic  Ethee.  See  Pocket  Formulary.  It  need 
only  be  added  here,  that  its  acidity  is  removed  and  pre- 
vented, by  rectifying  it  from  neutral  tartrate  of  potash. 

Spoxge,  Bla:?sCHEI>.  Soak  the  sponges  for  several  days  in 
cold  water,  renewing  the  water  and  squeezing  the  sponges 
occasionally.  Then  wash  them  in  wai-m  water,  and  place 
them  in  cold  water  to  which  a  little  hydrochloric  acid  has 
been  added.  Xext  day  take  them  out  and  wash  them 
thoroughly  in  soft  water;  then  immerse  them  in  aqueous 
sulphurous  acid  (sp.  gr.  1'034)  for  a  week.  They  are 
aftei-wards  washed  in  plenty  of  water,  squeezed,  and 
allowed  to  dry  in  the  air.  For  burnt,  prepared,  and 
waxed  sponge,  see  Spo>'GIA,  Pocket  Formulary. 


444  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

Staixs   for   Wood,   Ivoey,   &c.     See   Ivoey,  to   Stain; 

Wood,  to  Stain  ;  Bookbindees'  Stains,  &c. 
Stains,  to  eemove.  Stains  of  iodine  are  removed  by  rec- 
tified spirit.  Ink  stains  by  oxalic  acid  or  superoxalate  of 
potash.  Iron  moulds  by  tbe  same ;  but,  if  obstinate,  it 
lias  been  recommended  to  moisten  them  witli  ink,  then 
remove  them  in  the  usual  way.  See  RrST,  to  prevent 
and  remove,  further  back. 

Grease  Sj^ots.     See  Sootteing  Deops. 

Red  Spots  on  black  cloth,  from  acids,  are  removed  by 
spirits  of  hartshorn,  or  other  solutions  of  ammonia. 

Stains  of  Marking  Ink  or  Nitrate  of  Silver,  to  remove. 
1.  Wet  the  stain  with  fresh  solution  of  chloride  of  lime, 
and  after  10  or  15  minutes,  if  the  marks  have  become 
white,  dip  the  part  iu  solution  of  ammonia,  or  of  hyposulphite 
of  soda.     In  a  few  hours  wash  with  clean  water. 

2.  Stretch  the  strained  linen  over  a  basin  of  hot  water, 
wet  the  mark  with  tincture  of  iodine. 

3.  They  may  also  be  removed  by  cyanide  of  potassium ; 
but  this  should  be  done  by  the  druggist,  and  not  intrusted 
to  any  one  else. 

Starch.  Starch  is  procured  from  various  roots  and  seeds. 
Its  varieties  are  numerous ;  but  a  f ei,^'  of  the  most  im- 
portant only  can  be  noticed  hei'e. 

Arrowroot  (West  Indian).  The  fecula  of  the  tubers  of 
the  Maranta  arundinacea.  The  fresh  tubers  are  washed 
and  beaten  to  a  pulp,  which  is  well  stirred  in  a  large  tub 
of  cold  clean  water,  and  the  fibrous  part  wrung  out  by  the 
hands,  and  thrown  away.  The  water  in  which  the  fecula 
is  suspended  is  passed  through  a  hair  sieve  or  coarse  cloth, 
allowed  to  settle,  and  the  water  poured  off.  After  being 
repeatedly  washed,  the  wet  starch  is  drained,  and  after- 
wards dried  in  the  sun.  [Tlie  other  varieties  of  arrow- 
root (see  Dietetic  Articles)  are  prepared  by  analogous 
processes  from  the  roots  which  yield  them.] 

Potato  Starch.  The  tubers  are  washed  and  peeled, 
usually  by  machinery,  rasped  by  a  revolving  grater,  and 
the  pulp  washed  on  hair  sieves  till  freed  from  the  starchy 
matter.  Successive  portions  of  the  pulp  are  thus  treated 
till  the  vessels  over  which  the  sieves  are  placed  is  suffi- 
^cjentlv  full.     The  starch  held  in  suspension  in  water,  sub- 


MISCELLANEOUS    PEEPAEATIONS  445 

sides  to  the  bottom;  the  water  is  then  drawn  off,  and  the 
starch  stirred  up  with  fresh  water,  and  again  allowed  to 
subside.  This  is  repeated  several  times  till  the  starch 
is  sufficiently  pure.  The  fibres  and  the  washing  waters 
are  used  as  manures.  The  washed  fibres  have  also  been  re- 
commended as  an  ingredient  in  bread  for  diabetic  patients. 
Wheat  Starch.  Wheat  flour  is  steeped  in  water  for  a 
week  or  two  and  allowed  to  ferment.  The  acid  liquor  is 
drawn  off,  and  the  residue  washed  on  a  sieve  :  what  passes 
through  is  allowed  to  settle,  the  sour  liquor  drawn  off,  and 
the  starch  thoroughly  washed  from  the  slimy  matter.  It 
is  then  drained  in  perforated  boxes,  cut  up  into  square 
lumps,  placed  on  bricks  to  absorb  the  moisture,  and  dried 
in  a  stove.     See  Dr.  Peeeiea's  '  Elements.' 

Various  means  are  adopted  to  free  the  starch  from  gluten 
and  other  impurities.  In  the  patent  rice  starch,  and  pro- 
bably other  kinds  of  starch,  alkaline  solutions  are  used. 
Ammonia  has  been  recommended,  as  it  does  not,  like  pot- 
ash and  soda,  dissolve  any  portion  of  pure  starch. 

The  various  kinds  of  fecula  are  distinguishable  by  the 
form  of  their  particles  or  grains.  By  a  microscopical 
examination  of  these,  the  mixture  or  substitution  of  potato 
starch  with  the  more  expensive  kinds  is  readily  detected. 
Figures  of  the  different  kinds  of  starch  grains  are  given 
in  the  '  Pharmaceutical  Journal,'  vol.  iv,  in  Dr.  Peeeiea's 
'  Elements.'  In  Attfield's  'Chemistry,  General,  Medical 
and  Pharmaceutical,'  &c.  M.  Goblet  has  proposed  to 
distinguish  them  by  the  coloration  produced  when  the 
several  kinds  are  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  iodine ;  but  the 
effect  seems  to  dejiend  greatly  on  the  relative  dryness  of 
the  samples. 

Stearic  Acid.  Fat  is  saponified,  and  the  soap  decomposed 
by  an  acid,  with  a  large  quantity  of  water,  the  mixture 
being  kept  warm  and  well  stirred.  The  water  being  drawii 
off,  the  fatty  matter  is  well  washed,  allowed  to  cool,  and 
submitted  to  strong  pressure. 

Stoem  Glass.  Take  2\  drs.  of  camphor,  38  grs.  of  nitre, 
and  38  grs.  of  sal  ammoniac ;  dissolve  them  in  9  di-s.  of 
water,  and  6  drs.  of  rectified  spirit,  with  a  gentle  heat.  This 
is  placed  in  a  glass  tube  covered  \\'\t\\  a  brass  cap,  with  a 
small  hole  to  admit  air.     Or  it  may  be  put  in  an  eau  de 


446  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

Cologne  or  other  long  bottle,  tied  over  witli  bladder.  Its 
various  changes  are  supposed  to  indicate  changes  of 
weather,  but  the  indications  are  not  to  be  relied  on. 
Sttjpfing  Birds  and  Animals,  Peeparatioxs  foe.  1. 
Camphor  1  oz.,  corrosive  sublimate  1  oz.,  alum  ^  oz.,  sul- 
phur 1  oz. ;  all  finely  powdered  and  mixed. 

2.  Tanner's  bark  dried  and  powdered  2  oz.,  burnt  alum 
1  oz.,  snuff  1  oz. ;  mix,  and  add  arsenic  i  oz.,  camphor  i 
oz.,  sulphur  1  dr. 

3.  BECCErn's  Arsenical  Soap.  Camphor  5  drs.,  arsenic 
4  oz.,  white  soap  4  oz.,  carbonate  of  potash  12  oz.,  air- 
slaked  lime  4  oz. ;  make  a  stiff  paste  with  a  little  water. 

Styeol.  Mix  20  parts  of  storax  with  7  of  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  put  them  into  a  retort  with  water,  and  apply  heat. 
A  limpid  fluid  distils,  which  becomes  when  heated  to  a 
certain  point  a  transparent  solid. 

Sugar  Resin.  Mix  16  parts  of  strong  sulphuric  acid  with 
8  of  the  strongest  nitric  acid ;  when  cooled  to  70°  Fahr., 
stir  in  1  part  of  finely  powdered  sugar.  In  a  few  seconds, 
when  the  sugar  has  become  pasty,  take  it  out  of  the  acid 
and  phmge  it  into  cold  water.  Add  more  sugar  to  the 
acid,  and  proceed  as  before.  Wash  the  resinous  matter 
carefully,  and  dissolve  it  in  alcohol  or  ether.  Evaporate 
the  solution  with  a  gentle  heat.  It  is  very  combustible. 
Its  solution  may  be  used  to  render  gunpowder,  lucifer 
matches,  &c.,  waterproof. 

Sulphide.  A  sulpliide  was  formerly  termed  a  sulphuret, 
which  latter  name  has  been  almost  invariably  retained  in 
the  present  edition. 

Sulphite  of  Coppee.  To  a  concentrated  solution  of  bisul- 
phite of  potash  add  a  cold  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper, 
filter,  aud  heat  gently. 

SULPHOCTANIDE  OF  AMMONIUM.  Saturate  2  parts  of  com- 
mon water  of  ammonia  (sp.  gr.  0'950)  with  sulphuretted 
hydrogen ;  and  add  6  parts  of  the  same  ammonia.  To 
this  mixture  add  2  parts  of  sulphur,  aud  the  product  of 
the  distillation  of  6  parts  of  prussiute  of  potash,  3  of  sul- 
phuric acid,  and  18  of  water.  Digest  till  the  sulphur  is 
no  longer  acted  on^  aud  the  liquiil  becomes  yellow.  Boil 
the  liquid  till  it  becomes  colourless,  filter,  evaporate,  aud 
crystallize. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PUEPAEATIONS  447 

SuLPHUEET  OF  Caebon.     See  BisrLPHUEET  OF  Caeeon. 

Syetjp  of  Milk.  Evaporate,  with  constant  stirring,  6  lbs. 
of  skimmed  milk  to  3  lbs. ;  add  4i  lbs.  of  siigar  ;  dissolve 
with  a  gentle  heat,  and  strain .  It  may  be  flavoured  with  the 
addition  of  1  oz.  of  cherry-laurel  water.  [For  other  Syrups 
see  Pocket  Formulary.]  Milk  may  be  preserved  by  first  heat- 
ing it,  and  when  cold,  charging  it  with  carbonic  acid  gas. 

Tannik.     See  Acid,  Tannic,  further  back. 

Teepine.  Leave  oil  of  turpentme  for  a  long  time  in  con- 
tact with  a  mixture  of  nitric  acid  and  alcohol.  Crystals 
of  terpine  form.  By  boiling  an  aqueous  solution  of  ter- 
pine  with  a  small  quantity  of  sulphuric  or  other  add, 
terpinol  is  formed,  and  may  be  separated  by  distillation. 
It  has  the  odour  of  hyacinths. 

Test  Liqtjoes,  Test  Papebs,  &c.  Distilled  water  only 
should  be  used  in  these  preparations.  In  preparing  the 
papers,  the  liquid  should  be  placed  iii  an  earthenware  plate 
or  dish,  and  the  paper  carefully  immersed  in  it  so  as  to  be 
uniformly  wetted,  then  dried  out  of  the  reach  of  acid, 
ammoniacal,  or  other  vapours  likely  to  affect  it;  and 
afterwards  kept  in  bottles,  jars,  or  cases.  Dr.  Faeaday 
recommends  unsized  paper,  but  Mr.  Paenell  and  other 
good  authorities  direct  good  letter  paper  to  be  used.* 

Brazil  Paper.  Dip  paper  in  a  strong  decoction  of 
Brazil  wood,  and  dry  it.  [It  is  rendered  purple  or  violet 
by  alkalies  ;  generally  yellow  by  acids.] 

Cabbage  Paper.  Make  a  strong  infusion  of  red  cabbage 
leaves,  strain  it,  and  evaporate  it  by  a  gentle  heat  till 
considerably  reduced.  Then  dip  the  paper  in  it  and  dry 
it  in  the  air.  [This  paper  is  of  a  greyish  colour ;  alkalies 
change  it  to  green,  acids  to  red.  It  is  a  very  delicate  test ; 
if  rendered  slightly  green  by  an  alkali,  carbonic  acid  will 
restore  the  colour.] 

Dahlia  Paper.  From  the  petals  of  violet  dahlias,  as 
cabbage  paper. 

Elder-berry  Paper.  This  is  merely  paper  stained  with 
the  juice  of  the  berries.  Its  blue  colour  is  changed  to  red 
by  acids,  and  to  green  by  alkalies. 

Indigo  Paper.     Immerse  paper  in  sulphate  of  indigo, 

*  Dr.  Fresenius  recomnieuds  unsized  paper. 


448  TUlDE   CHEMlCAliS 

wash  it  with  water  rendered  slightly  alkaline,  then  witH 
pure  water,  and  dry  it  in  the  air. 

Iodide  of  Potassium  and  Starch  Paper.  Mix  starch 
paste  with  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium,  and  moisten 
bibulous  paper  with  it.  [It  becomes  blue  when  exposed  to 
ozone.     Chlorine  has  the  same  effect.] 

Lead  Paper,  Paper  dipped  in  a  solution  of  acetate  of 
lead.  [When  moistened  it  detects  sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
which  renders  it  black.] 

Plue  Litmus  Paper.  Bruise  1  oz.  of  litmus  in  a  mortar, 
and  add  boiling  water ;  triturate  together,  put  tliem  in  a 
flask  and  add  boiling  water  to  make  up  to  half  a  pint ; 
when  cool,  strain  it,  and  dip  paper  in  it.  More  colour 
may  be  extracted  from  the  litmus  by  hot  water,  but  the 
liquid  will  require  to  be  concentrated  by  evaporation. 
[Acids  change  the  colour  to  red,  but  it  does  not  become 
green  with  alkalies.] 

Sed  Litmus  Paper.  As  the  last,  adding  to  the  strained 
infusion  a  few  drops  of  nitric  acid,  or  of  pure  acetic  acid. 
Dr.  Paeaday  recommends  holding  blue  litmus  paper  over 
a  large  jar,  into  which  a  few  drops  of  hydrochloric  acid 
have  been  introduced,  till  sufficiently  reddened. 

Eose  Paper.  Make  a  strong  infusion  of  the  petals  of 
the  red  rose,  and  dip  unsized  paper  in  it.  Dipped  in  an 
alkaline  solution,  so  weak  as  not  to  affect  turmeric  paper, 
it  assumes  a  bright  green  colour. 

Manganese  Paper.  Dip  paper  in  a  solution  of  sulphate  of 
of  manganese.  [It  becomes  black  in  an  ozonized  atmosphere.] 

Ehubarb  Paper.  Dip  paper  in  a  strong  infusion  of 
rhubarb,  and  dry  it.  [Alkalies  render  it  brown.  It  is 
not,  like  turmeric  paper,  affected  by  boraeic  acid.] 

Starch  Paper.  This  is  merely  paper  imbued  with  starch 
paste.  Cotton  cord  is  sometimes  used  instead  of  paper. 
[As  a  test  for  iodine,  which  it  turns  blue.] 

Turmeric  Paper.  Boil  1  oz  of  coarsely  powdered  turmeric 
root  in  half  a  pint  of  water  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain  : 
dip  paper  in  the  liquid,  and  dry  it.  [It  is  rendered  brown 
by  alkalies,  and  also  by  boraeic  acid  and  borates.] 
Test  Solutions,  &c.  [The  vegetable  preparations  are  here 
placed  first.] 

Tincture  and  Infusion  of  R'ed   Callage.     Digest   red 


MISCELLAIS'EOUS   PREPAElTIONS  44i) 

cabbage  with  rectified  spirit  in  a  warm  place  for  a  few 
clays ;  strain,  distil  off  most  of  tlic  spirit,  and  evaporate 
what  remains  to  the  consistence  of  syrup.  It  will  keep 
for  years.  When  required  for  use,  dilute  it  with  a  little 
water ;  or  the  concentrated  infusion  directed  above  for  the 
paper  may  have  a  little  spirit  added  to  it.  [If  the  cabbage 
leaves  be  well  dried,  they  may  be  kept  in  a  close  vessel  for 
use,  and  a  strong  infusion  made  when  wanted.] 

Acid  Infusion  of  Red  Cabbage.  Fabadat  directs  one 
or  more  red  cabbages  to  be  cut  up  in  strips,  and  boil- 
ing water  poured  on  them,  and  a  little  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  (ecpial  to  ^  oz.  of  oil  of  vitriol  to  a  large  cabbage)  to 
be  added,  and  the  whole  kept  hot  for  an  hour  or  two  in  a 
copper  or  earthen  vessel.  It  is  then  strained,  the  cabbage 
infused  in  a  little  more  water  and  acid,  and  the  mixed 
infusion  evaporated  to  one  third  its  first  bulk,  allowed  to 
settle,  and  put  into  bottles.  When  required  for  use,  the 
acid  is  neutralized  by  caustic  potash  or  soda.  Another 
plan  is  to  dry  the  leaves  at  120° ;  and  wdien  required  for 
use  to  make  a  strong  infusion,  adding  a  drop  of  sulphuric 
acid,  to  neutralize  the  strained  infusion  with  marble,  filter, 
and  add  a  little  spirit,  if  required  to  be  kept. 

Infusion  or  Tincture  of  Litmus.  This  is  made  as  di- 
rected above  for  litmus  paper.  Or  an  ounce  of  powdered 
litmus  may  be  triturated  with  6  oz.  of  boiling  water,  di- 
gested near  the  fire  for  an  hour,  and  mixed,  when  cool, 
with  2  oz.  of  spirit.  Or  digest  1  oz.  of  powdered  litmus 
in  a  pint  of  proof  spirit  for  7  days.  If  required  red,  a  few 
drops  of  acetic  acid  are  added  to  either  of  these.  The  next 
day  decant  the  clear  liquor.  Dr.  Pebeiea  directs  1  part 
of  litmus  to  25  of  water.  Wlien  made  very  strong,  it 
must  be  diluted  when  used. 

Tincture  of  Galls,  Infusion  of  Oalls,  cf"c.  Fresh  pow- 
dered blue  galls  1  oz.,  proof  spirit  8  oz. ;  digest  in  a  close 
vessel  for  a  week,  and  filter.  A  watery  infusion  of  galls 
may  be  made  in  the  same  proportion  with  boiling  water 
for  immediate  itsc.  Pettenkofer  directs  1  oz.  of  pow- 
dered galls  to  be  infused  in  3  or  4  oz.  of  l)oiling  water  for 
several  hom's,  and  2  oz.  of  salt  added.  After  filtration,  it 
retains  its  transparency  and  power  of  precipitating  gela- 
tin for  years.     [This  is  used  to  detect  iron,  with  the  per- 

29 


450  TEADE   CHEMICALS 

salts  of  wliicli  it  produces  a  bluish-black  precipitate ;  for 
gelatin,  wliich  it  precipitates  in  browaiish-wliite  flocks ; 
and  several  of  the  organic  alkaloids.] 

Marsh's  Dahlia  Test.  Make  a  strong  infusion  of  the 
petals  of  dark  dahlias ;  strain,  and  add  to  every  pint  \  oz. 
of  strong  sulphuric  acid ;  stir  with  a  glass  rod,  and  when 
cold,  add  to  each  pint  2  grs.  of  corrosive  sublimate.  Fil- 
ter through  coarse  cloth,  and  bottle.  When  required  for 
use,  neutralize  it  carefully  with  ammonia,  and  use  the 
liquid  by  dipping  paper  in  it. 

Syrup  of  Violets.  On  4  oz.  of  fresh  petals  of  violets 
pour  half  a  pint  of  water  at  104°  Fs^hrenheit,  stir  them 
together,  and  in  a  minute  or  two  strain  off  the  water  with 
gentle  pressure,  and  pour  8  oz.  of  boiling  distilled  water 
on  the  flowers.  In  12  hours,  strain  through  luien,  let  the 
infusion  settle,  and  decant,  then  dissolve  in  it  twice  its 
weight  of  refined  sugar,  by  a  gentle  heat.  [A  delicate  test 
for  acids  and  alkalies.] 

Dr.  Claek's  Test  for  Sardness  of  Water.  Dissolve 
1  oz.  of  Hawes's  best  white  soap  in  a  gallon  of  proof  spirit. 
If  not  of  such  strength  that  it  requires  32  measures  to  be 
added  to  100  measures  of  solution  of  chloride  of  calcium 
of  16  degrees  of  hardness  (see  below)  before  it  lathers,  it 
must  be  adjusted  to  that  strength.  [The  chloride  of  cal- 
cium solution  is  thus  made. — Dissolve  16  grs.  of  pure  car- 
bonate of  lime  (Iceland  spa)  in  a  small  quantity  of  pure 
hydrocliloric  acid,  avoiding  loss  from  effervescence;  eva- 
porate the  solution  to  dryness,  and  dissolve  the  residue  in 
water,  and  again  evaporate  till  a  neutral  solution  is  ob- 
tained ;  then  dissolve  in  a  gallon  of  water.  This  forms 
the  standard  solution  of  16  degrees  of  hardness.  One 
measure  of  this  solution  with  15  of  distilled  water  consti- 
tutes a  solution  of  one  degree  of  hardness ;  and  so  on  up  to 
16  degrees.  The  degree  of  hardness  expresses  the  number 
of  grains  of  cai'bonate  of  lime  per  gallon  contained  in  the 
water.  For  the  mode  of  using  this  test,  see  Dr.  Clark's 
pamphlet. 

Solution  of  Carhonate  of  Ammonia.  Mr.  Paenell 
directs  this  test  to  be  prepared  by  dissolving  1  part  of 
sublimed  carbonate  of  ammonia  in  3  of  water,  and  adding 
1  part  of  water  of  ammonia. 


MISCELLANEOtTS    PREPARATIONS  451 

Solution  of  Oxalate  of  Ammonia.  Dissolve  1  oz.  of 
crystaUizcd  oxalate  of  ammonia  in  a  pint  of  -water. 

Solution  oj"  Sulpl/u retted  Si/droffen.  Pass  sulphuretted 
liydrogen  gas  (see  Gases,  further  liack)  through  cold 
distilled  water,  which  has  been  recently  boiled,  till  it  will 
absorb  no  more.     Keep  it  in  small  bottles  secn.rely  closed. 

Solution  of  Hydrosulpliuret  of  Ammonia.  Hijdrosul- 
phide,  Sydrosulphate  of  Ammonia.  Pass  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas  (see  further  back)  through  water  of  ammonia 
till  the  liquid  occasions  no  precipitate  in  a  solution  of 
sulphate  of  magnesia. 

Solution  of  Ammonio-nitrate  of  Silver.  It  gives  a  pale 
yellow  precipitate  with  arsenious  acid,  and  a  chocolate  red 
vnt\i  arsenic  acid ;  the  same  with  their  salts.  See  Pocket 
Formulary. 

Solution  of  Nitrate  of  Silver.  The  Edinburgh  Phar- 
macopoeia directed  this  test  to  be  prepared  by  dissolving  40 
grains  of  the  nitrate  in  a  fluid  ounce  of  distilled  water. 
The  London  Pharmacopoeia  directed  60  grs.  to  a  fluid  ounce. 
Mr.  Paeneli  recommends  1  part  to  15  or  20  of  water. 
[It  is  used  chiefly  for  the  detection  of  chlorine  or  hydro- 
chloric acid.  The  precipitated  chloride  of  silver  is  insoluble 
in  nitric  acid.  Also  for  hydrocyanic  acid,  with  which  it 
gives  a  white  precipitate,  which  is  decomposed  by  heat, 
the  silver  being  reduced. 

Solution  of  Ammonio-sulphate  of  Copper.  Chiefly 
used  as  a  test  for  arsenical  compounds,  with  which  it  gives 
a  green  precipitate.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Solution  of  Chloride  of  Barium.    See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Solution  of  Indigo.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

For  the  Test  Solutions  of  the  B.  P.,  see  Pocket  Formulary. 

Hahij'EMANn's  Wine  Test,  for  detecting  lead  in  wine. 
Sulphuret  of  lime  3  oz.,  tartaric  acid  3  oz.,  water  2  lbs., 
mix,  decant,  and  add  1  oz.  of  tartaric  acid.  Or,  simple 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  water  4  oz.,  tartaric  acid  1  dr.  For 
the  detection  of  other  adulterants  in  wine,  see  Coolet, 
article  "  Wine."  , 

Trommer's  Test  for  sugar  in  urine.  Put  some  of  the 
suspected  urine  into  a  large  test-tube,  and  add  a  few  drops 
of  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper,  then  sufficient  solution  of 
potash  to  rcudoi-  it  strongly  alkaline.     If  sugar  be  present 


452  TEADE   CSEMICAIS 

the  precipitated  oxide  redissolves  into  a  blue  liquid,  and  ou 
boiling,  red  oxide  of  copper  is  precipitated. 

"  Fehling  found  that  one  equivalent  of  grape-sugar,  or 
l80  parts,  decomposed  exactly  ten  equivalents,  or  1246"8 
parts,  of  sulphate  of  copper.  Accordingly  he  prepared  a 
solution  of  copper  of  standard  strength,  and  applied  it  to 
fluids  containing  grape-sugar ;  and  the  quantity  of  these 
reqim'ed  to  decompose  a  fixed  volume  of  the  standard  solu- 
tion furnished  an  exact  measure  of  the  sugar  they 
contained. 

'■  Fehling's  standard  solution  is  prepared  according  to 
the  following  j^rescription  : — Sulpliate  of  copper  90^  grs., 
neutral  tartrate  of  potash  364  grs.,  solution  of  caustic  soda 
(sp.  gr.  1'12)  4  fl.  oz.,  add  water  to  make  up  6  fl.  oz.  200 
grs.  of  this  solution  are  exactly  decomposed  by  1  gr.  of 
sugar." — Dr.  Robeets.* 

Dr.  Robeets  gives  the  following  directions  for  the 
quantitative  examination  of  urine  for  sugar : — "  Pour  some 
of  the  prepai'ed  test-liquor  ("  Fehling's,"  as  above)  into  a 
narrow  test-tube  to  the  depth  of  f  of  an  inch  ;  heat  until 
it  begins  to  boil,  then  add  2  or  3  drops  of  the  suspected 
urine.  If  the  sugar  be  abundant  a  thick  yellowish  opacity 
and  deposit  of  yellow  suboxide  are  produced  (and  tliis 
changes  to  a  brick-red  at  once  if  the  blue  colour  of  the 
test  remain  dominant).  If  no  such  reaction  ensue,  go  on 
adding  the  urine  mitil  a  bulk  nearly  equal  to  the  test 
employed  has  been  poured  in ;  heat  agaua  to  ebullition,  and, 
no  change  occm-ring,  set  aside  without  further  boiling.  If 
no  milkiness  is  produced  as  the  mixture  cools,  the  urine 
may  confidently  be  pronomiced  free  from  sugar." 

^iTEic  Acid  Test  for  albumen  in  urine.  Fill  a  test-tube 
to  the  depth  of  about  an  inch  with  the  ui'ine,  then  incline 
the  tube  and  pour  in  strong  nitric  acid,  so  that  it  may 
trickle  down  along  the  side  of  the  tube  to  the  bottom  and 
form  a  stratum  some  quarter  of  an  inch  thick  below  the 
urine.  If  the  urine  contain  albumen  three  layers  will  be 
perceptible — one,  perfectly  colourless,  of  nitric  acid  at  the 
bottom  ;  immediately  above  this  an  opalescent  zone  of  the 
coagulated  albumen,  and  on  the  top  the  unaltered  urine. 

*  Yor  methods  of  perfonning  the  analysis,  &e.,  consult  Dr.  Roberts' 
wovk, '  Uriniry  aiul  Renal  Diseases. ' 


MISCELLAKEOUS   TEEPAEATIONS  453 

Heat  Test,  for  albumen  in  urine. — "  If  the  urine  have  its 
us\ial  acid  reaction  it  heeomes  turbid  on  boiling;  when  it 
contains  albumen,  and  this  turbidity  persists  after  the 
addition  of  an  acid.  There  are  two  points  to  bo  renieniberod 
on  usiii<>-  heat  alone  as  a  test  for  albumen  : — First,  that  albu- 
men is  not  coagulated  by  heat  when  the  urine  is  alkaline ; 
in  such  cases,  therefore,  it  is  necessary  before  boiling  to 
restore  the  acidity  by  a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid.  Secondly, 
when  the  urine  is  neutral,  or  very  feebly  acid,  it  may 
become  tui'bid  on  heating,  from  precipitation  of  the  earthy 
phosjihates ;  but  turbidity  from  this  cause  is  easily  dis- 
tinguished from  albumen  by  a  drop  of  acetic  or  nitric  acid, 
which  instantly  causes  the  phosphates  to  disappear." — Dr. 
Roberts. 

Pettenkofer's  Test  for  hile  in  urine,  &c.  Put  a  small 
quantity  of  the  suspected  liquid  into  a  test-tube,  and  add 
to  it,  drop  by  droji,  strong  sulphuric  acid  till  it  becomes 
warm,  taking  care  not  to  raise  the  temperature  above  122° 
Fahr.  Then  add  from  2  to  5  drops  of  syrup,  made  Avith 
5  parts  of  sugar  to  4  of  water,  and  shake  the  mi.xture.  If 
the  liquid  contain  bile,  a  violet  coloration  is  observed. 
Acetic  acid,  and  those  substances  which  are  converted  into 
sugar  by  sulphuric  acid,  may  be  substituted  for  sugar. 
[Another  test  consists  in  placing  a  little  of  the  suspected 
urine  in  a  test-tube,  and  adding  to  it  a  few  drops  of 
tincture  of  iodine,  when,  if  bile  be  present,  the  fluid 
becomes  distinctly  green]. 

Tobacco  Water.     See  Washes  for  vermin  on  plants. 

Touch  Paper.  Dip  a  piece  of  wliite  blotting-paper,  or 
printuig-paper,  in  a  solution  of  1  oz.  of  nitre  in  8  oz.  of 
water.     Dry  it  perfectly. 

Trees,  Metallic.  Lead  Tree.  Dissolve  1  oz.  of  sugar  of 
lead  in  a  quart  of  distilled  or  filtered  rain-water,  adding 
a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid.  Filter,  and  put  the  clear 
sohition  into  a  decanter  or  bottle.  Suspend  in  it  a  piece  of 
zinc,  and  set  it  aside. 

Silver  Tree.  Dissolve  20  grs.  of  crystallized  nitrate  of 
silver  in  an  ounce  of  distilled  water ;  put  it  into  a  phial, 
and  add  about  ^  a  drachm  of  jiure  ([uicksilvor. 

Tin   Tree,    Dissolve  3  drs,  of  chloride  of  tin  xa,  a  pint 


454  TBADE    CHEMICALS 

and  a  half  of  water,  \\-itli  10  or  15  drops  of  nitric  acid ; 
and  suspend  in  it  a  rod  of  zinc. 
Turpentine,  Venice  (factitioxcs).  It  is  usually  made  by 
dissolving  black  resin  in  oil  of  tui'pentine.  Dr.  Peeeiha 
states  the  proportion  to  be  5  fluid  oz.  of  tlie  oil  to  16  oz. 
of  resin;  but  some  makers  put  as  much  as  8,  10,  or  even 
12  oz.  of  oil  of  turpentine  to  each  pound  of  resin.  [We 
have  introduced  this  factitious  preparation,  because  no 
genuine  Venice  (or  larch)  turpentine  is  rarely,  if  ever,  to  be 
obtained.] 
Turpentine,  Oil  oe.  Common  turpentine,  chiefly  Ame- 
rican, is  distilled  with  water  ;  the  oil  comes  over  with  the 
water  and  is  found  floating  on  it.  It  is  rectified  by  dis- 
tilling it  again  with  water.  See  Camphine  and  Solvents 
for  India  Rubber,  for  further  modifications  of  this  oil. 
Urn  Powder.  0.\ide  of  iron,  crocus,  or  jeweller's  rouge. 
Vanillin.  A  crystalline  substance  obtained  from  pine  ji^ice 
by  Messrs.  Tiemann  and  Harmann.  It  has  been  shown  to 
be  identical  with  the  aromatic  principle  of  vanilla. 
Varnishes.  These  constitute  a  distinct  branch  of  manu- 
facture, and  many  of  them  can  be  advantageously  or 
safely  made  only  on  the  large  scale  on  premises  adapted 
for  the  purpose.  A  few  of  the  most  easily  prepared  and 
useful  varnishes  have  been  selected  for  iiisertiou.  For 
fuller  information,  sec  Dr.  Ure's  '  Dictionary  of  Arts, 
Dumas'  '  Chimie  appliquee  aux  Arts,  &c.'  Some  practical 
information  on  this  subject  will  be  foxmd  in  Mr.  IIed- 
wood's  edition  of  Gra's's  '  Supplement,'  and  in  the  49th 
vol.  of  the  '  Transactions  of  the  Society  of  Arts.' 

Spirit  T'arnis/ies.  The  spirit*  employed  should  not  be 
less  than  60°  overproof.  In  preparing  and  using  them, 
they  should  be  kept  at  a  distance  from  a  candle  or  other 
flame,  llespecting  the  gums  (resins)  employed,  it  may 
be  useful  to  mention  that  sheU-lac  is  rendered  more  soluble 
by  being  powdered  and  exposed  for  a  long  time  to  the 
air;  sandarach  gives  hardness  to  varnishes;  mastic  gives 
a  gloss  to  solutions  of  other  gums ;  benzoin  still  more, 
but  its  colour  is  objectionable ;  anime  readily  dissolves, 
but  renders  the  varnish  long  in  drying ;  copal  and  amber 
•■  Methylated  spirit  is  now  universally  employed  in  mnliinfr  spirit  var- 
nishes, being  equal  to,  as  well  as  very  much  cheaper  than,  duty-paid  spirit. 


MISCELLANEOUS   PEEPAEATIONS  455 

arc  scarcely  soluble  in  spirit,  but  are  rendered  partially 
so  by  otber  gums,  and  also  by  being  previously  fused  by 
heat.  Shell-lac  gives  a  durable  varnish,  objectionable 
only  on  account  of  its  colour,  «hich  may  be  rendered  paler 
by  charcoal.     See  Lac. 

1.  White  Sjnrit  Varnish.  Methylated  spirit  2  gallons, 
gum  sandarach  5  lbs.  Put  them  into  a  tin  bottle,  cork  se- 
curely, and  agitate  frequently,  placing  the  tin  occasionally 
in  hot  water  till  the  gum  is  dissolved,  then  add  a  quart  of 
pale  turpentine  varnish. 

2.  Brown.  Methylated  spirit  2  gallons,  sandarach  3  lbs. 
shell-lac  2  lbs.,  pale  turpentine  varnish  a  quart.  Proceed 
as  the  last. 

3.  Sandarach  2  oz.,  shell-lac  J  oz.,  methylated  spirit  16 
fluid  oz. 

4.  White.  Gum  sandarach  1|  oz.,  mastic  i  oz.,  elemi 
i  oz.,  foreign  oil  of  lavender  i  oz.,  methylated  spirit  8  oz. 

Copal  Sjiirit,  or  Drying  Varnish.  Copal,  fused  and 
pulverized,  3  oz.,  sandarach  6  oz.,  mastic  8  oz.,  "Venice 
tui-pentine,  24  oz.,  methylated  spirit  a  quart,  powdered  glass 
3  oz.  Mix  the  powdered  glass  and  resins,  and  sift  them ; 
introduce  them  into  a  matrass  with  the  spirit,  and  heat  to 
boiling,  constantly  agitating  till  the  gums  are  dissolved; 
then  add  the  turpentine.  Heat  the  varnish  for  half  an 
hour,  and  when  removed  from  the  fire,  agitate  till  cold. 

Brilliant  Amber  Spirit  Varnish.  Fused  amber  4  oz., 
sandarach  4  oz.,  mastic  4  oz.,  methylated  spirit  a  quart. 
Expose  to  the  heat  of  a  sand-bath,  with  occasional  agitation, 
till  dissolved.  [The  amber  is  fused  in  a  close  copper  vessel, 
having  a  funnel-shaped  projection,  which  passes  through 
the  bottom  of  the  furnace  by  which  the  vessel  is  heated.] 

Amber  Varnish  for  Photographs.  Dissolve  3  to  4  grs. 
of  amber  in  1  oz.  of  chloroform. 

1.  Colovrless  Varnish  for  Photographs.  Dissolve  shell- 
lac  by  heat  in  8  parts  of  water  and  one  part  of  pearlash. 
Precipitate  by  chlorme,and  dissolve  in  rectified  spirit.— Dr. 
Habe. 

2.  1  oz.  white  lac,  dissolved  in  10  oz.  of  warm  methylated 
spirits  of  wine.  Let  it  settle  for  several  weeks,  then 
carefully  decant  for  use. 

Chinese   Varnish.     Mastic  2  oz.,  sandarach  2  oz.,  rec- 


456  TBADE    CHEMICALS 

titled  spirit  a  pint.  Close  the  matrass  with  bladder,  with 
a  pin-hole  for  the  escape  of  vapour;  heat  to  boiling  in  a 
sand  or  water-bath,  and  when  dissolved,  strain  through  linen. 

Crystal  Varnish.  Picked  mastic  4  oz.,  methylated  spirit 
a  pint,  animal  charcoal  1  oz.     Digest  and  filter. 

French  Polish  and  Laaqxiers  are  varieties  of  spirit  var- 
nishes. The  former  has  already  been  noticed.  A  few 
formula?  for  the  latter  are  here  added. 

Fale  or  Gold  Lacquers.  To  a  pint  of  methylated  spirit 
add  as  much  gamboge  as  ^vill  give  it  a  bright  yellow 
colour,  then  add  12  oz.  of  seed-lac  in  fine  powder,  and  set 
it  in  a  sand-bath  till  dissolved.  Or  :i  tincture  of  annotto 
(1  part  to  8  of  spirit)  may  be  added  to  give  the  desired 
colour. 

Dark  Lacquer.  Clear  seed-lac  1  lb.,  dragon's  blood  1  oz. ; 
pulverize  together,  and  add  them  to  a  pint  and  a  half  of 
methylated  spirit.     Set  in  a  warm  place  till  dissolved. 

Lacquer  for  Brass  Work.  Turmeric  1  oz.,  saffron  \  oz., 
Spanish  annotto  \  oz.,  methylated  s])irit  a  pint.  Digest  at  a 
gentle  heat  for  several  days ;  strain  through  coarse  linen, 
put  the  tincture  into  a  bottle,  and  add  3oz.  of  good  seed-lac 
coarsely  powdered.  Place  in  a  moderate  heat,  and  shake 
frequently  till  dissolved;  if  wanted  of  a  redder  shade, 
increase  the  quantity  of  annotto,  or  add  a  little  di'agon's 
blood.  [Some  makers  prepare  a  strong  tincture  of  the 
various  colouring  ingredients,  and  add  them  to  the  lacquer 
to  produce  the  required  shade.] 

Oil  of  turpentine,  and  other  essential  oils,  are  used  as 
solvents,  forming  essence  varnishes,  as  the  following : 

Mastic  Varnish.  Clean  mastic  5  oz.,  rectified  oil  of 
turpentine  (camphine)  a  quart.  Digest  in  a  M'arm  place, 
shaking  frequently  till  the  solution  is  complete,  then 
strain. 

Ficttire  Varnish.  Chio  turpentine  2^  oz.,  mastic  12  oz., 
camphor  \  dr.,  pounded  glass  4  oz.,  rectified  oil  of  turpen- 
tine 3  pints.     For  oil  paintings. 

Canada  Varnish.  Clear  balsam  of  Canada  4  oz.,  cam- 
phine 8  oz. ;  warm  gently,  and  shake  together  till  dissolved. 
For  maps,  drawings,  &c. ;  they  are  first  sized  over  with 
a  solution  of  isinglass,  taking  care  that  every  part  is 
covered ;  when  dry,  the  varnish  is  brushed  over  it. 


MISCELLANEOUS    PKEPAEATIONS  457 

Tinqry's  Essence  Varnish.  Mastic  in  powder  12  oz., 
pure  turpc'iitino  l-J-  oz.,  camphor  J  oz.,  powdered  glass  5  oz., 
rectified  oil  of  tiirpciitiiie  a  qxiart. 

Common  Turpentine  Varnish.  Tliis  is  merely  clear 
pale  resin  dissolved  in  oil  of  turpentine  j  usually  5  lbs.  of 
resin  to  7  lbs.  of  turpentine. 

Oil  Varnishes.  These  consist  of  copal  and  other  gums 
dissolved  by  heat  in  boiled  linseed  oil ;  generally  witli  the 
addition  of  oil  of  turpentine. 

Cabinet  Varnish.  Fuse  7  lbs.  of  African  copal,  and  pour 
on  it  4  pints  of  hot  clarified  linseed  oil  (see  Oils)  ;  in  3  or 
4  minutes,  if  it  feels  stringy,  take  it  out  of  the  building, 
where  there  is  no  fii-e  near,  and  when  it  has  cooled  to  150° 
mix  in  3  gallons  of  oil  of  turpentine  of  the  same  tempcra- 
tm"e,  or  sufficient  to  bring  it  to  a  duo  consistence. 
[Various  qualities  of  copal  vaniish  are  made  for  different 
purposes ;  inferior  gums  are  often  substituted  for,  or  mixed 
with  coital.] 

Amber  Varnish.  Amber  16  oz. ;  melt  in  an  iron  pot, 
and  add  \  pint  di'ying  linseed  oil,  boiling  hot,  and  then 
3  oz.  of  resin  and  3  oz.  of  asphalt,  each  in  fine  powder. 
Stir  till  they  are  thoroughly  incorporated;  remove  from 
the  fire,  and  add  a  pint  of  ^varm  oil  of  turpentine. 

Common  Oil  Varnish.  Resin  3  lbs.,  drying  oil  h,  a  gal- 
lon; melt  together,  and  add,  when  removed  from  the  fire, 
2  quarts  of  warm  oil  of  turpentine. 

Varnish  for  Printers'  Ink.  To  every  10  lbs.  of  clarified 
linseed  oil  (see  further  back)  add  5  lbs.  of  clear  black  resin, 
and  \  lb.  oil  of  turpentine.  It  is  then  ready  for  mixing 
with  lamp  black  or  other  colouring  matter.  A  twelfth 
part  of  Canada  balsam  is  sometimes  added  for  the  finer 
sorts. 

A  few  miscellaneous  varnishes  are  added. 

Varnish  for  Engraving  on  Copper.  Yellow  wax  1  oz., 
mastic  1  oz.,  asphaltum  ^  oz.;  melt,  pour  into  water,  and 
form  into  balls  for  use.  A  softer  varnish  for  engravers  is 
made  with  1  part  of  tallow  and  2  of  yellow  wax ;  or  \\ith 
2  oz.  of  wax,  1  dr.  of  common  turpentine,  and  1  dr.  olive 
oil.     Sec  Etching  Vaenishes,  further  buck. 

Varnish  for  Engraving  on  Olass.  1.  Wax  1  oz.,  mastic 
•J  oz.,  asphaltum  \  oz.,  turpentine  i-  dr. 


458  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

2.  Mastic  15  parts,  turpentine  7,  oil  of  spike  4  parts. 

Le  Blond's  Varnish.  Keep  4  IIjs.  of  balsam  of  copaivi 
warm  in  a  sand  or  water-batli,  and  add  16  oz.  of  copal, 
previously  fused  and  coarsely  powdered,  by  single  ounces 
daily,  and  stir  it  frequently ;  ^vlien  dissolved  add  a  little 
Cbio  turpentine. 

Bessemeb's  Varnish,  for  metallic  paint.  This  is  made 
^^•itb  8  lbs.  of  copal,  2^  gallons  of  drying  oil,  and  25  gallons 
of  oil  of  turpentine.  These  are  made  into  a  varnish  nearly 
as  directed  for  Cabinet  Varnish ;  and  afterwards  mixed 
A^ith  a  gallon  of  slaked  lime,  and  left  for  3  days  to  settle. 
The  clear  portion  is  then  drawn  off,  and  5  parts  of  varnish 
mixed  with  4  jiarts  of  bronze  powder. 

Macintosh's  Caoutchouc  Varnish.  Dissolve  1  lb.  of 
India  rubber  cut  in  shreds  in  a  quai-ter  of  a  pint  of  recti- 
fied coal  naphtha.  [Caoutchovic  varnishes  may  be  made 
■u-ith  any  one  of  the  solvents  for  it,  noticed  before.  The 
following  are  also  used :] 

India  Riihher  Varnish,  for  boots.  Dissolve  i  oz.  of 
caoutchouc  in  2  oz.  of  mineral  naphtha.  Dissolve  also 
J  oz.  of  asphaltum  in  1  oz.  of  oil  of  turpentine.  ]\Iix  the 
solutions. 

Balloon  Varnish,  Melt  Lidia  rubber  in  small  pieces 
with  its  weight  of  boiled  linseed  oil,  and  thin  it  with  oil 
of  turpentine. 

Varnish  for  Frames  for  Sot  Beds.  Mix  4  oz.  of  pul- 
verized white  cheese,  2  oz.  of  slaked  lime,  and  4  oz.  of 
boiled  linseed  oil.  Mix,  and  add  4  oz.  each  of  whites  and 
yoUvs  of  egg,  and  liquefy  the  mixture  by  heat.  This 
curious  mixture  is  said  to  produce  a  pliable  and  transpa- 
rent varnish. 

Coloured  Varnishes.  Oil  varnishes  are  coloured  by 
grinding  with  them  the  most  transparent  colom's,  as  dis- 
tilled verdigris  for  green,  &c.  Spirit  varnishes  are  also 
coloured  with  dragon's  blood,  gamboge,  &c. 

Sealing-Wax  Varnish.  Black  or  coloured  sealing-wax 
broken  small,  and  sufficient  rectified  spirit  to  cover  it, 
digested  till  dissolved.  An  article  called  black  lac  is  sold 
as  an  economical  substitute  for  black  sealing-wax. 

Black  Japan  for  Leather,  S^c.  Boil  together  a  galk  n 
of  boiled  linseed  oil,  8  oz.  of  umber,  and  3  oz,  of  asphal- 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPARATIONS  459 

turn.     When  sufficiently   cool,  thin   in   with   oil  of  tur- 
pentine. 

Ja^anfor  Tin-ioare.  1.  Common  copal  varnish.  2.  Dis- 
solve copal  2  oz.,  and  camphor  1  dr.,  in  oil  of  turpentine 
8oz. 

Brunswiclc  Black.  Melt  4  Ihs.  of  asphaltum,  and  2  Ihs. 
of  hot  boiled  linseed  oil,  and  when  sufficiently  cool  add  a 
gallon  of  oil  of  turpentine. 

Varnish  for  Oun  Barrels,  aitev  browaiing  them.  Shell- 
lac  1  oz.,  dragon's  blood  5  oz.,  methylated  spirit  a  quart. 
Dissolve  and  filter. 

Transfer  Varnish.  Alcohol  5  oz.,  pure  Venice  turpen- 
tine 4  OB.,  mastic  1  oz. 

Sair  Varnish.  Dissolve  1  part  of  clippings  of  pigs' 
bristles,  or  of  horsehair,  in  10  parts  of  drying  linseed  oil 
by  heat.  Fibrous  materials  (cotton,  flax,  silt,  &c.),  imbued 
with  the  varnish  and  dried,  are  used  as  a  substitute  for 
haircloth. 

Glass  Varnish.  This  is  a  solution  of  soluble  glass, 
and  should  be  thus  made : — Fuse  together  15  parts  of 
powdered  quartz  (or  of  fine  sand),  10  parts  of  potash,  and 
1  of  charcoal.  Pulverize  the  mass,  and  expose  it  for  some 
days  to  the  air ;  treat  the  whole  with  cold  water,  which 
removes  the  foreign  salts,  &c.  Boil  the  residue  in  5  parts 
of  water  until  it  dissolves.  It  is  permanent  in  the  air, 
and  not  dissolved  by  cold  water.  Used  to  protect  wood, 
S(c.,  from  fire. 

Vaselin.  a  proposed  substitute  for  lard  in  the  preparation 
of  ointments,  &c.     See  Pocket  Formulary. 

Vegetable  Parchment.  De  la  Rue's  Patent.  Strong 
unsized  paper  is  immersed  for  a  few  seconds  in  oil  of 
vitriol,  diluted  with  half  its  volume  of  water.  It  is  then 
washed  in  pure  water.  It  strongly  resembles  animal 
parchment,  and  is  used  for  the  same  purposes.  [The  acid 
solution  must  be  exactly  of  the  strength  indicated,  and 
not  warmer  than  the  air  around.] 

ViNEGAE.  Vinegar  may  be  made  from  wine  or  ale,  by  keep- 
ing it  for  some  weeks  or  months  in  a  warm  place,  with 
access  of  air.  In  this  country  it  is  usually  made  from 
malt,  or  a  mixture  of  malted  and  unmalted  bai'ley,  which 
is  mashed  as  for  beer,  and   fermented   with  yeast.     The 


4G0  TEADE    CHEMICALS 

fermented  liquor  is  then  placed  in  a  warm  room  for  many- 
weeks  ill  unclosed  casks,  and  finished  by  transferring  it 
into  large  vessels  with  false  bottoms,  on  which  are  placed 
the  refuse  raisins,  &c.,  from  which  wine  has  been  prepared. 
A  much  quicker  method  of  acetification  is  sometimes  em- 
ployed :  the  fermented  liquor  is  made  to  pass  in  drops  into 
tubs  filled  with  beech  chips,  so  as  to  expose  an  extended 
sui'face  to  the  action  of  the  air.  In  Germany  it  is  also 
made  by  the  direct  acetification  of  spirit  by  means  of 
platinum  black.  The  method  of  preparing  wood-vinegar 
has  already  been  noticed.  (See  Pyeolioxeoi'S  Acid.) 
The  following  is  one  of  the  processes  followed  in  making 
vinegar  from  sugar : — Boil  10  gallons  of  water  for  10 
minutes  with  a  quart  of  bran ;  run  it  into  a  tub  through 
flannel,  and  put  into  it  12  lbs.  of  coarse  brown  sugar,  and 
when  cooled  to  70°  add  a  quart  of  yeast  at  three  different 
times.  Let  it  work  for  four  days,  then  take  off  the  yeast, 
and  run  the  liquor  into  a  clean  tub.  Fill  the  tub  nearly 
with  the  liquor,  leaving  room  for  2  lbs.  of  bruised  crab 
apples  and  1  lb.  of  raisins.  If  it  ferments,  add  a  little 
reserved  liquor,  or  water  boiled  with  sugar,  till  the  fer- 
mentation ceases.  Then  place  the  cask  upon  a  plank 
fronting  the  sun  in  summer,  and  near  the  fire  in  winter. 
Put  into  it  1  oz.  of  isinglass  well  beaten  up  with  a  quart 
of  old  vinegar,  cover  the  bunghole  with  a  piece  of  hop-bag 
(fastened  to  the  edge  of  the  hole  by  pitch),  and  lay  a  tile 
over  it.  Leave  it  in  this  state  till  it  becomes  fit  for  use. 
On  a  small  scale.  Dr.  Tueneb  states  that  vinegar  may  be 
made  from  120  jjarts  of  water,  12  of  brandy,  3  of  brown 
sugar,  1  of  tartar,  and  i  of  sour  dough,  left  some  weeks  in 
a  warm  place.     For  Perfumed  Vinegar,  see  Peeefmeey. 

Caebolic  Vineoae.  Crystallised  car-bolic  acid  100  parts, 
acetic  acid  "900,  powdered  camphor  5  pai'ts.  Sjiriiikled  in 
infected  cabins  on  board  ship. — Quesneville. 

Wafees,  Gelatin.  Dissolve  fine  glue  or  isinglass  in  such 
a  quantity  of  water  as  that  the  solution,  when  cold,  may 
be  consistent.  Pour  it  hot  on.  a  plate  of  mirror  glass 
(previously  warmed  with  steam  and  slightly  greased), 
which  is  fitted  in  a  metallic  frame,  having  edges  just  as^ 
high  as  the  wafers  should  be  thick.  Lay  on  the  surface 
a  second  glass  platCj  also  hot  and  greased,  so  as  to  touch 


MISCELLANEOUS   PREPARATIONS  461 

every  point  of  the  gelatin  while  resting  on  the  edges  of 
the  frame.  By  its  pressure  the  thin  cake  is  rendered 
uniform.  When  the  glass  plates  have  cooled,  the  gelatin 
M-Hl  he  solid,  and  may  be  removed.  It  is  cut  into  discs  of 
different  sizes  by  means  of  proper  puuclies. 
Washes  for  Vermin  in  Plants.  1.  Tobacco  boater. 
Infuse  1  lb.  of  tobacco  in  a  gallon  of  boiling  water,  in  a 
covered  vessel,  till  cold. 

2.  For  Lice  in  Vines.  Boil  ^  lb.  of  tobacco  in  2  quarts 
of  water;  strain,  and  add  I  lb.  of  soft  soap  and  i  lb.  of 
sulphur.     Mix. 

3.  For  Aphides.  Boil  2  oz.  of  lime  and  1  oz.  of  sulphur 
in  water,  and  strain. 

4.  Poison  for  Plant  Lice,  and  other  insects.  Boil  3| 
oz.  of  quassia  chips,  and  5  drs.  of  powdered  stavesacre 
seed,  in  7  pints  of  water,  to  5  pints.  Strain  when  cold, 
and  use  with  a  watering  pot  or  syringe, 

5.  For  Red  Spiders.  A  teaspoonful  of  salt  in  a  gallon 
of  water.  In  a  few  days  wash  the  plant  with  pure  water. 
See  Blights,  remedies  for. 

Washing  Powders.  These  consist  of  soda-ash  combined 
with  gelatinous  substances,  as  a  solution  of  glue,  linseed 
jelly,  &c.,  dried  and  powdered. 

Washing  Liquids  are  chiefly  solutions  of  caustic  soda. 

Water  for  Marine  Aquarium.  See  Aquarium,  Marine, 
Water  for. 

Water,  Hard  (Dr.  Czauk's  patent  for  softening).  This 
consists  simply  in  adding  milk  of  lime  to  the  water  in  the 
reservoir.  It  combines  with  free  carbonic  acid,  which  it 
precipitates  as  carbonate  of  limo,  and  at  the  same  time 
causes  the  deposition  of  the  carbonate  of  lime  previously 
held  in  solution  by  that  gas. 

Waterproofing  Compounds.  For  Boots,  Sfc.  (Roome's 
patent.)  Suet  8  oz.,  linseed  oil  8  oz.,  yellow  bees'-wax 
6  oz.,  neatsfoot  oil  1-^  oz.,  lamp  black  1  oz.,  litharge  i  oz. 
Melt  together,  and  stir  till  cold. 

2.  Linseed  oil  8  oz.,  boiled  ditto  10  oz.,  suet  8  oz., 
yellow  wax  8  oz.     Melt. 

3.  Dr.  Harvard's.  Wax  8  oz.,  resin  4  oz.,  mutton 
suet  4  oz. ;  boil  together,  and  apply  warm  to  new  boots. 

4.  Col.    Hawker's.     Drying    oil    1    pint,    wax    2    oz., 


4G2  TRADE    CHEMICALS 

Burgundy  pitch  1  oz.,  oil  o£  turpentine  2  oz.     Melfc  over 
a  slow  fire,  and  add  a  few  drops  of  oil  of  lavender  or  thyme 
Brush  the  boots  repeatedly  with  the  composition  before 
the  fire,  till  they  appear  fully  saturated. 

5.  For  Leather,  Sfc.  Cut  3  drachms  of  India  rubber 
into  small  pieces,  soak  them  for  24  hours  in  a  solution  of 
common  soda;  dissolve  this  and  3  oz.  of  asphaltum  in  12 
oz.  of  camphine,  then  add  ^  oz.  of  boiled  linseed  oil. 

For  Cloth.  It  is  alternately  dipped  in  a  solution  of 
acetate  of  lead  ^vitli  a  little  gum,  and  solution  of  alum. 

For  Hats.  Boil  8  lbs.  shell-lac,  3  lbs.  frankincense,  and 
1  lb.  borax  in  sufiicient  water. 

For  Canvas,  S(c.  Gutta  percha  3  parts  is  dissolved  in 
resin  spirit  9  parts,  at  a  heat  of  120°  to  140°  Fahr.,  stir- 
ring occasionally. — Mr.  Castley. 
"Wax.  Yellow  bees'-wax  is  bleached  by  pouring  the  melted 
wax  in  a  divided  state  on  a  revolving  cylinder  partly  im- 
mersed in  water,  so  as  to  form  it  into  fine  ribbons,  which 
are  exposed  to  air  and  moisture  till  bleached,  and  subse- 
quently refined  by  melting  wath  water  containing  sul- 
phuric acid. — Dr.  Peeeira.  It  has  been  proposed  to 
bleach  wax  by  adding  to  each  pound  of  melted  wax  2  oz. 
of  powdered  nitrate  of  soda,  and  afterwards  stirring  in, 
by  little  at  a  time,  1  oz.  of  sulphuric  acid  diluted  with  10 
parts  of  water,  keeping  the  mixture  warm,  and  constantly 
stirred  wath  a  glass  rod  in  a  capacious  eai'then  vessel,  till 
all  the  acid  is  added.  It  is  then  allowed  to  become  some- 
what cool,  and  the  vessel  filled  with  boiling  water,  well  agi- 
tated, and  set  aside.  The  cake  of  wax  is  removed  into 
boiling  water,  till  this  no  longer  produces  a  precipitate  with 
chloride  of  barium. — M.  Ingenhol.  [We  have  not  found 
this  render  wax  perfectly  white.] 

Wax  foe  Modelling.  Lead  plaster  8  oz.,  bees'-wax  8  oz., 
Burgvmdy  pitch  8  oz. ;  melt  together,  stir  in  sufiicient 
chalk  to  form  a  paste,  and  form  it  into  small  sticks  for 
use.     [For  Sealing  Wax,  see  further  back.] 

Welding  Composition.  Mix  borax  with  -jL  of  sal  ammo- 
niac, fuse  the  mixture,  and  pour  it  on  an  iron  plate. 
Wlien  cold,  pulverize  it,  and  mix  it  with  an  equal  weight 
of  quicklime,  sprinkle  it  on  iron  heated  to  redness,  and  re- 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPARATIONS  463 

place  it  in  the  fire.     It  may  be  welded  below  the  usual 
heat. 

Wheat,  Steep  for.  A  pound  of  genuine  sulphate  of  copper 
iu  sufficient  water,  for  each  sack  of  seed.  Ai-senic  is  also 
used ;  sulphate  of  zinc  has  been  recommended ;  so  has 
quicklime,  which  is  thus  used  : — Soak  the  seed  in  a  warm 
mixture  of  36  to  48  oz.  of  quicklime  to  6  or  7  gallons  of 
water.  This  is  for  4^  bushels  of  wheat:  the  solution 
should  be  sufficient  to  cover  the  seed  3  or  4  finger-breadths 
deep,  and  it  should  lie  iu  it  24  hours.  M.  BorssiNGAULT 
has  proposed  to  sprinkle  the  grain,  first  T(-ith  water,  then 
with  a  mixture  of  10  parts  of  lime  mth  1  of  white  arsenic. 
(This  was  with  the  double  object  of  preserving  the  grain, 
and  destroying  a  plague  of  field  mice.)  Sulphate  of  copper 
has  seemed  to  give  satisfactory  results.  It  would  be  desir- 
able, however,  to  find  an  innocuous  substitute,  as  traces  of 
copper  have  been  found  in  wheat  grown  from  the  steeped 
seed.  This  appears  to  have  been  discovered  in  the  use  of 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  soda  ■\\-ith  lime,  which  has  proved 
more  successful  in  France  than  either  arsenic  or  sulphate  of 
copper.  [DoTEEE  recommends  for  grain  infested  M'ith 
weevils,  a  small  quantity  of  disulphide  of  carbon  to  be  en- 
closed in  a  tight  chamber  with  the  grain ;  in  a  few  hours 
both  the  larvae  and  the  eggs  are  killed,  and  the  grain  is  not 
injured,  as  on  exposure  to  air  the  disulphide  qutckly  evapo- 
rates.]    See  Slights,  Remedies  for. 

Wood,  to  Stain.  1.  Malwgany  colour  {darh).  Boil  i  11). 
of  madder  and  2  oz.  of  logwood  in  a  gallon  of  water ;  and 
brush  the  wood  well  over  with  the  hot  liquid.  Wlien  dry, 
go  over  the  whole  with  a  solution  of  2  drs.  of  pearlash  in'a 
quart  of  water, 

2.  {Light.)  Brush  over  the  surface  with  diluted  nitrous 
acid,  and  when  dry  apply  the  following  with  a  soft  brush : 
—Dragon's  blood  4  oz.,  common  soda  1  oz.,  methylated 
spirit  3  pints  ;  let  them  stand  in  a  warm  place,  shaking 
frequently,  then  strain.  Repeat  the  application  until  the 
proper  colour  is  obtained. 

3.  {To  Staid  Maple  a  Mahogany  colour.)  Dragon's 
blood  i  oz.,  alkanet  i  oz.,  aloes  1  dr.,  spirit  of  wine  16  oz. 
Apply  it  with  a.  sponge  or  brush. 

4.  Rosewood.     Boil  8  oz.  of  logwood  in  3  pints  of  water 


4G4  thade  chemicals 

until  reduced  to  lialf ;  apply  it  boiliug  hot  two  oi"  three 
times,  letting  it  dry  between  each.  Afterwards  put  in  the 
streaks  with  a  camel-hair  pencil  dij^ped  in  a  solution  of 
copperas  and  verdigris  in  decoction  of  logwood. 

5.  Ebonij.  Wash  the  wood  repeatedly  with  a  solution 
of  sulphate  of  iron  ;  lot  jt  dry,  then  apply  a  hot  decoction 
of  logwood  and  nutgalls'.fov  two  or  three  times.  When 
dry,  wipe  it  with  a  wet  sponge ;  and  when  again  di'y,  polish 
with  linseed  oil. 

6.  Oak.  Vandyke  brown  2|  oz.,  carbonate  of  ammonia 
1  oz.,  bichromate  of  potash  ^  oz.,  common  soda  \  oz.,  water 
1  quart.     Boil   together  for   6   or   8   minutes. — Phaem. 

JOUKNAIi. 

7.  To  Stain  Wood  Red.  Use  a  strong  decoction  of 
Brazil  \vood  and  alum.  [Woods  may  be  stained  with  the 
various  dyes  before  described.     See  Dyes.] 

A  fine  stain  can  be  imparted  to  furniture  made  of  beech 
or  pine  in  a  very  simple  manner.  Dissolve  3  oz.  of  per- 
manganate of  potash  and  3  oz.  of  sulphate  of  magnesia  in  2 
quarts  of  hot  water.  Apply  this  to  the  surface  of  the  wood 
with  a  brush,  and  repeat  if  necessary.  The  manganese 
salt  is  decomposed  in  contact  with  the  fibre  of  the  wood, 
and  a  fine  permanent  stain  is  produced.  If  the  objects  are 
small  a  more  dilute  bath  can  be  prepared,  and  the  wood 
immersed  in  it  for  one  or  five  minutes,  until  it  is  thoroughly 
stained . — L  aboeatoey. 

Yeast,  Aetificiai.  Honey  5  oz.,  cream  of  tartar  1  oz., 
malt  16  oz.,  water  at  122°  Y.  3  pints ;  stir  together,  and 
when  the  temperature  falls  to  65°  cover  it  up,  and  keep 
it  at  that  temperature  till  yeast  is  formed. 

Yeast,  Geejian.  Ordinary  beer  yeast  from  which  the 
moisture  has  been  squeezed  out  by  strong  pressure.  It  is 
preserved  in  close  vessels. 

Zixc,  Ammonio-chloeide  of.  By  dissolving  equivalents  of 
chloride  of  zinc  and  sal  ammoniac,  a  crystallizable  salt  is 
formed,  which  dissolves  oxides  of  copper  and  of  iron,  and 
is  used  in  tinning  or  zincing  those  metals. 

Zinc,  Amaigamated  {for  voltaic  plates).  Put  a  little 
mercury  on  the  zinc  jilate,  and  pour  on  it  dilute  sulphuric 
acid ;  then  rub  the  mercury  over  the  surface  by  means  of 
a  piece  of  linen.     Another  method,  which  is  said  to  give  a 


MISCELLANEOUS    PREPARATIONS  465 

more  permanent  coating,  is  that  of  Mr.  Waienn.  Having 
cleaned  the  plates  by  emery,  and  by  immersion  in  diluted 
sulphuric  acid,  and  then  in  clean  water,  dip  them  into  a 
mixtm-e  of  equal  parts  of  a  saturated  solution  of  corrosive 
sublimate  and  a  similar  solution  of  acetate  of  lead ;  then 
rub  them  with  a  sloth. 

Zinc,  Platinized,  for  Dr.  WrtgliVs  Battery.  Saturated 
solution  of  chloride  of  platinum  \  dr.,  sulphuric  acid 
1^  drs.,  water  2  drs.  Mix;  di^J  the  zinc  plates  into  the 
solution  for  a  few  seconds,  and  wasli  them  quickly. 

Zinc,  Oxide  of.  It  may  be  prepared  from  the  purified 
sulphate,  by  precipitating  it  from  a  hot  solution,  by  car- 
bonated or  bicarbonated  alkalies.  It  cannot  be  obtained 
pure  by  caustic  ammonia. — M.  J.  Lefoet.  Mr.  Midgley 
prepares  it  on  a  large  scale  by  the  combustion  of  zinc  in 
a  muffle,  heated  by  a  furnace  of  peculiar  construction  j 
the  zinc  is  introduced  into  the  muffle  from  time  to  time, 
as  the  combustion  proceeds;  he  is  thus  able  to  prepare 
one  [or  two  hundi-edweights  at  a  time,  by  a  continuous 
process. 

Zinc,  Ptxrification  of.  Granulate  zinc  by  melting  it,  and 
pouring  it  while  very  hot  into  a  deep  vessel  filled  with 
water.  Place  the  granulated  vessel  in  a  hessian  crucible, 
in  alternate  layers,  with  one  fourth  its  weight  of  nitre, 
with  an  excess  of  nitre  at  the  top.  Cover  the  crucible, 
and  secure  the  lid;  then  apply  heat.  When  deflagration 
takes  place,  i-emove  fi'om  the  fire,  separate  the  di'oss,  and 
run  the  zinc  into  an  ingot  mould.  It  is  quite  free  from 
arsenic. 


30 


APPENDIX. 


WEIGHTS   AND   MEASUEES. 

AroiEDtrpois  Weight.     (B.  P.)* 


lb 

oz. 

Pound. 

Ounces, 

1 

16 

1 

grs. 

French 

Grains. 

Grammes. 

7000 

453-592 

437-50      = 

28-349 

Other  weights  used  are  the  ton,  20  hundredweight ;  the 
hundredweight,  112  lbs. ;  and  the  quarter,  28  lbs. 

Avoirdupois  weights  can  be  made  available  as  substitutes 
for  Ti-oy  weights  by  bearing  in  mind  that  42-5  grains  added 
to  the  avoirdupois  oiuice  will  make  it  equal  to  the  Troy  ounce, 
and  that  1240  grains  deducted  from  the  avoirdupois  pound 
will  reduce  it  to  the  Troy  pomid. 


Measuees 

OF  Capacity. 

(B.  P.) 

1  Minim 

min. 

1  Fluid  Drachm 

fl.  dr.     = 

60  minims. 

1  Fluid  Ounce 

fl.  oz.     = 

8  fluid  drachms, 

1  Pint 

0. 

20  fluid  ounces. 

1  Gallon 

c. 

8  pints. 

The  old  wine  gallon  was  adojrted  in  the  London  Pharma- 
copoeia before  1836,  and  the  DubUn  Pharmacopoeia  before 
1850.     Its  use  in  this  kingdom  is  no  longer  legal. 

Measubes  of  Length.     (B.  P.) 
1  line     =  -^  inch. 
1  inch    =  s^.-Ts^s  seconds  pendulum. 
12     „       =1  foot. 
36     „       =3  feet  =  1  yard. 
Length  of  pendulum  vibrating  seconds  of ") 

mean  time  in  the  latitude  of  London,  m  C  39-1393  inches, 
a  vacuum  at  the  level  of  the  sea    .         . ) 

*  The  Duliliu  College  of  Physicians  ailoptcd  the  avoirdupois  weight  in 
then- last  Pharmacopoeia  (1850),  but  they  divided  the  o?;.  into  8  diacliins 
and  the  drachm  into  3  scruples,  as  in  Troy  weight. 


468  APPEIS^DIX 

Eelation  of  Measxjees  to  WEiGnis.    (B.  P.) 

1  Minim  is  the  measure  of  O'Ol  grains  o£  water, 

1  Fluid  Draclim      „  54-68  „ 

1  Fluid  Ounce         „  1  ounce  or  437"5  „ 

1  Pint  „  1-25  pounds  or  8750-0  „ 

1  Gallon  „  10  pounds  or  70,000-0 

To  find  the  weight  of  any  given  measure  of  a  liquid,  mul- 
tiply the  weight  of  the  water  it  will  contain  by  the  specific 
gra\dty,  water  being  1-000.  The  weight  of  a  gallon  of  any 
liquid,  in  avoird.  lbs.  and  decimal  parts,  is  at  once  seen  from 
its  density,  merely  removing  the  decimal  point  one  place  to 


the    right.      Thus,  a   gallon  of   etlier  a1 

;  -750  weighs  7-50 

(7i)  lb.     A  gallon  of  nitric  acid  at  1-500 

weighs  15  lbs. 

Apothecaeies'  Weight.     (L.  P.) 

ft              3              3                9 

Gr.           Minims 

Pound.     Ounces.     Drachms.  Scruples. 

Grains.      of  water. 

1     =       12     =       96     =     288     = 

5760     =     6319-54 

1     =         8     =       24     = 

480     =       526-62 

1     =         3     = 

60     =         65-82 

1     = 

20    =        21-94 

1     =           1-09 

The  Troy  pennyweight,  24  grains,  is 

not  used  in  com- 

pounding  medicines. 

Apothecaeies'  MEAsrBE. 

C.           0.            f§             f5 

Congius.  Octarii.  Fluid           Fluid 

in.         Gi-ains  of 

Gallon.     Pints.   Omices.     Drachms. 

Minims,      water. 

1     =     8     =     160     =     1280     = 

76800  =  70000 

1     =       20     =        160     = 

9600  =     8750 

1     =           8     = 

480  =       437-5 

1      = 

60  =         54-7 

1   =           0-9 

Imperial  Measuee. — {Common 

Divisions). 

Quarter.  Bushels.      Pecks.        Gallons.        Quarts 

!.            Pints.        Gills. 

1     =     8     =     32     =     64     =     256 

=     512  =  2018 

1     =       -i.     =       8     =       32 

=       64  =     256 

1=2=         8 

16  =       64 

1      =         4 

8  =       32 

1 

2  =          8 

1  =          4 

APPENDIX 


469 


Weights  and  Measures  of  othee  Countbies. 

The  weii^lits  and  measures  of  the  United  States'  Pharma- 
copoeia are  derived  from  the  Troy  lb.  and  the  old  wine  gallon, 
and  are  exhibited  in  the  followins:  table : 


The  pound,  lb.," 
The  ounce, 
The  drachm. 
The  scruple, 


Weights. 

'twelve  ounces,  5. 

,   .  eiffht  drachms,  X. 

contains  <  ,,"  i      ■^ 

three  scruples,  S. 

.twenty  grams,  gr. 

Measures. 


These  are  derived  from  the  zoine  gallon,  and  ai'e  given  in 
the  following  table  with  their  signs  annexed : 


The  gallon,  C,     " 
The  pint. 
The  fluid  ounce. 
The  fluid  drachm,. 


>  contains  * 


"eight  pints,  0. 
.sixteen  fluid  omices,  f  5. 
eight  fluid  drachms,  f  5. 
sixty  minims,  in. 


At  the  temperature  of  60^  F.  a  pint  of  distilled  water 
weighs  7291"2  grains;  a  fluid  ounce  455"7  grains. 

*^*  The  fluid  ounce,  O.  M.  =  one  fluid  ounce  imperial 
measure  and  20  nx. 

The  unit  of  the  British  India  pouderary  system  is  the  tola, 
equal  to  180  Troy  grains.  32  tolas  are  equal  ibj  Troy. 
The  maund  is  equal  to  100  Troy  ounces. 

In  France  the  metrical  or  decimal  system  is  now  the  only 
legal  one.  The  following  table  shows  the  correspondence  of 
the  French  metrical  weights  with  English  grains. 

Troy  grains. 
Decagramme  =  154'34 

Hectogramme  =  1543"40 
Kilogramme  =  15434'00 
Myi-iagramme  =     154340-00 

The  measures  of  capacity  in  Franco  are  multiples  and 
di\'isions  of  the  litre,  which  is  the  measure  occupied  by  a 
kilogramme  (15434  Troy  grains)  of  distilled  water  at  its 
greatest  density.  It  exceeds  the  old  Paris  pinte  by  x'lth, 
and  is  equal  to  35  fluid  ounces  and  103  minims,  or  1'7608 
imperial  pints,  or  Gl"028  English  cubic  inches.  4J  litres 
make  an  imperial  gallon,  withm  about  f3xij. 


Troy  grams. 

Milligramme 

•0154 

Centigramme 

■1543 

Decigramme 

^       1-5434 

Gramme 

=     15-4340 

470  APPENDIX 

The  following  table  will  sliow  the  relatioiiis  between  the 
litre  and  the  imperial  gallon  of  277"2738  c.  inches  : 

Litres.  Cubic  Inches.      Gall.    Pts.  Fl.  5  Fl.  5    Miu. 

j^inj  =  ^I™litre  -061028                                   16-9 

Tio==  Centilitre  -61028  2     49 

-I- =  Decilitre  6-1028  3  4     10-36 

1  =  Litre  61-028                  1  15  1     43-69 

10  =  DecaUtre  610-28             2     1  12  1     16-9 

100  =  Hectolitre  6102-8             22     0  1  4     49 

1000  =  Kilolitre  61028-              220     0  16  6     40 

10000  =  Myrialitre  610280-           2201  (or  175|  bushels). 

Frencli  Measures  of  Length. 

The  standard  unit  is  the  metre,  equal  to  39*871  English 
inches,  or  1  yard,  3  inches,  and  ^^''^ths.  The  kilometre 
(1000  metres)  is  4  fm-longs,  213  yards,  1  foot,  11  inches. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  weights  and  measures 
formerly  used  in  France. 

The  old  French  pound,  tivre  poids  de  marc,  was  equal  to 
489-5  gi-ammes,  or  7561  Troy  grains ;  but  the  metrical 
pound,  litre  metrique,  siibstituted  for  it  in  1812,  contained 
exactly  5000  grammes,  or  7717  English  grains.     Both  are 


now  abolished. 

The  following  are  their  divisions  : 

Livre.  Once.  Gros. 

Scrupl. 

Grs.                Folds 

de  Marc.        Melrique. 

1       16     128 

384 

9261  =  grammes  489-5     500 

1         8 

24 

576  = 

30-6       31-25 

1 

3 

72  = 

3-824     3-90 

1 

24  = 

1-274     1-30 

1  = 

-053       -054 

In  the  Paris  Codex  and  medical  works  the  grain  is  repre- 
sented by  0-05  gramme  (5  centigrammes),  2  grains  by  O'l 
(1  decigramme) ;  the  half  drachm  by  2  grammes ;  the  drachm 
by  4  grammes ;  and  the  ounce  by  32  grammes. 

The  old  French  measures  used  in  pharmacy  were — 

Other  Commercial  Measures. 


Litres. 

Litres. 

La  Pinte 

= 

0-931 

8  Pintes  (un  velte)       = 

7-4.50 

I^a  Chopine 

= 

0-466 

13-97  (ancien  boisseau)  = 

13-010 

La  demi-Setier 

= 

0-;;3.3 

298  =  1  muid                     = 

268-230 

Le  Poissnn 

= 

0116 

570=1  tonueau  d'Orleans, 

Le  demi-Puisson 

= 

0-038 

ou  2  niuids                = 

530-440 

(,L'io:ii  Guibourt's  '  Pharmacop(!c  llaisoucc.) 


APPENDIX  471 

Tlio  litre,  with  its  divisions  and  midtiplos,  is  the  measure 
now  used.  It  contains  1000  grammes  of  water;  the  number 
of  grammes  of  other  liquids  corresponds  with  their  specific 
gravity ;  water  being  1000. 

The  former  measures  of  length  in  France  were  the 

Toise  =  1-9-19  metres,  or  6-3945  English  feet. 

Foot  (pied)  =  0-32484  metres  =  12^785  Eng.  inches. 

Inch  (pouce)  =  0-02707  metres,  or  1-0654  Eng.  inches. 

Line  (ligne)  or  y\th  of  an  inch  =  -002256  metres. 

The  metre  is  equal  to  3  ft.  11  lines  old  French  measure,  or 

3  ft.  3-7  in.  English. 

Other  Foeeign  Weights  and  Measures. 

1. — Medicinal  pounds  of  12  ounces,  in  Mifflisli  grains. 
■  (From  Jom'dan's  '  Pharmacopee  Universelle.') 
The  following  are  divided  as  our  Apothecaries'  weight.    * 

The  pound  of  Austria  weighs  6482-42  grains;  Bavaria, 
5556-24;  Holland,  5787-75;  Lubec,  5697-09;  Nuremberg 
(German  pound),  5522-96  ;  Poland,  5533-25  ;  Prussia, 
5113-99;  Sweden,  5498-01 ;  Venice  (Sottile),  4649-17. 

The  di%'ision  of  the  following  differs  in  the  scruple  being 
divided  into  24  grains. 

Bologna,  5026-32  ;  Lucca,  5162-67  ;  Modena,  5254-61  ; 
Parma,  5062-35 ;  Portugal,  5312-23 ;  Rome,  5233-25 ;  Spain, 
5325-84 ;  Tuscany,  5240-49  ;  Piedmont  [Turin],  5123-49. 

The  Naples  pound  contains  5490-63  Troy  grains  ;  the 
ounce  is  divided  into  10  drachms ;  the  scruple  into  20  grains. 

2. —  Various  Foreign  Weights. 

The  old  Paris  pound  was  di\aded  into  16  ounces;  the 
scruple  into  24  grains.  Its  weight  has  been  given  above. 
The  pound  by  which  drugs  are  weighed  in  Turkey  is  the 
Tchegy,  equal  to  4957  English  grains,  and  is  divided  into 
100  drachms,  each  drachm  into  16  killos,  and  each  killo  into 

4  grains. 

The  ohoJo  is  half  a  Spanish  scruple;  3  silicua  make  1 
obolo,  and  4  grains  a  silicua. 

A  loth,  iu  Germany,  Poland,  &c.,  is  half  an  ounce. 


472  APPENDIX 

The  commercial  pound  in  several  countries  differs  from 
the  pharmaceutical.  Tlie  civil  pound  of  Bavaria  and  mark 
of  Vienna  are  each  about  19|  avoirdupois  ounces.  That  of 
Holland  is  the  French  kilogramme,  or  12  grains  more  than 
2  lbs.,  3^  oz.  avoirdupois.  The  mark  is  half  a  kilogramme. 
The  Coburg  commercial  pound  is  nearly  18  oz.  avoirdupois. 

3. — Foreign  Measures. 

The  Austrian  mass  or  Jeanne  is  equal  to  1'415015  litres,  or 
2\  imperial  pints,  within  40  minims. 

The  Jcanna  of  Sweden  =  nearly  2"62  litres,  or  about  4 
pints  12  ounces  imperial. 

Eussian  ponnd  of  water  =  25'019  English  cubic  inches. 

The  pott  (half  kanne)  of  Denmark  =  0-9653  litre. 

The  arroha  of  Spain  =  16-073  litres. 

The  almude  of  Portugal  =  16-451  litres. 

The  Prussian  quart  =  1-145  litre,  or  1  qt.  fl.  dr.  imp. 

The  barile  of  Naples  =  43-6216  litres ;  of  Rome,  58-5416 
litres ;  of  Tuscany,  45-584  litres. 

Tlie  wedro  of  Russia  (10  stof  or  30  Eussian  pounds)  = 
12-29  litres,  or  21  pints  12  oz.  12|  drs,  imperial. 

The  mass  of  Wurtemburg  =  1-537  litre,  or  about  3  pints 
14J  oz.  imperial. 

Comparison  of  Therino metric  Scales. 

To  convert  the  degrees  of  Centigrade  into  those  of  Fahren- 
heit, multiply  by  9,  divide  by  5,  and  add  32. 

To  convert  degrees  of  Centigrade  into  those  of  Reaumur, 
multiply  by  4  and  divide  by  5. 

To  convert  degrees  of  Fahrenheit  into  those  of  Centrigrade 
deduct  32,  multiply  by  5,  and  divide  by  9. 

To  convert  degrees  of  Fahrenheit  into  those  of   Reaumur, 
deduct  32,  divide  by  9,  and  multiply  by  4. 

To  convert  degrees  of  Reaumur  into  those  of  Centigrade, 
multiply  by  5  and  di%'ide  by  4. 

To  convert  degrees  of  Reaumur  into  those  of  Fahrenheit, 
multiply  by  9,  divide  by  4,  and  add  32. 
In  De  Lisle's  thermometer,  used  in  Russia,  the  graduation 

begins  at   boiling-])oint,   which   is  marked    Zero,  and   the 

freezing-point  is  150. 


APPENDIX  473 

EFFECTS  OF  TEMPERATURE. 

Degrees 

of  i'alir. 

2786  Cast  iron  molts  (Dauiell). 

2016  Gold  melts  (Daniell). 

1996  Copper  melts  (Daniell). 

1873  Silver  melts  (Daniell). 

1750  Brass  (containing  2oS  of  zinc)  melts  (Daniell). 

1000  Iron  bright  cherry  red  (Poillet). 

980  Red  heat,  visible  in  daylight  (Daniell). 

941  Zinc  begins  to  burn  (Daniell). 

773  Zinc  melts  (Daniell). 

644  Mercury  boils  (Daniell),  662  (Graham). 

640  Sulphuric  acid  boils  (Magrignac),  620  (Graham). 

630  AAliale  oil  boils  (Gi'aham). 

617  Pui'e  lead  melts  (Rudberg). 

600  Linseed  oil  boils. 

518  Bismuth  melts  (Gmelin). 

442  Tin  melts  (Crichton). 

380  Ai-senious  acid  volatilizes. 

356  Metallic  arsenic  sublimes. 

315  Oil  of  turpentine  boils  (Kane). 

302  J3theritication  ends. 

256  Sat.  sol.  of  acetate  of  soda  boils. 

257  „  sal  ammoniac  boils  (Taylor). 

248         „  nitric  acid  1'42  boils,  and  sol.  soda  1*44. 

239  Sulphur  melts  (Miller),  226  (Fownes). 

238  Sat.  sol.  of  nitre  boils. 

221         „  salt  boils  (Paris  Codex). 

220         „  alum,  carb.  soda,  and  sulph.  zinc  boll. 

218         „  chlorate  and  prussiate  of  potash  boil. 

216         „  sulph.  of  iron,  sulph.  of  copper,  nitrate  of 

lead  boil. 
214         „  acetate  of   lead,  sulph.  and  bitartrate    of 

potash,  boil. 
213  Water  begins  to  boil  in  glass  (or  213'5). 
212  Water  boils  in  metal,  barometer  at  30°. 
211  Alloy  of  5  bismuth,  3  tin,  2  lead,  melts. 
201         „         8  bismuth,  5  lead,  3  tin,  melts  (Kane). 
207  Sodium  melts  (Regnault). 
145  White  of  egg  begins  to  coagulate. 


4-74  APPEH^DIS 

185  Nitric  acid  1'52  begins  to  boil. 

180  (about).  Starch  forms  a  gelatinous  compound  with  water. 
176  Ilectified  spirit  boils,  benzol  distils. 
173  Alcohol  (sp.  gr.  -796  to  -800)  boils. 
151  Bees'- wax  melts  (Kane),  142  (Lepage). 
150  Pyroxylic  spirit  boils  (Scanlan). 
141-8  Chloroform,  and  ammonia  of  '945,  boil. 
44-5  Potassium  melts  (Bnnsen). 
132  Acetone  (pyroacetic  spirit)  boils  (Kane). 
122  Mutton  suet  and  styracin  melt. 
116  Bisulphuret  of  carbon  boils  (Graham). 
115  Pure  tallow  melts  (Lepage),  92  (Thomson). 
112  Spermaceti  and  stearin  of  lard  melt. 
Ill  Phosphorus  melts  (Miller). 

98  Temperature  of  the  blood. 

95  Ether  (-720)  boils. 

95  Carbolic  acid  crystals  become  an  oily  liquid. 

88  Acetous  fermentation  ceases,  water  boils  in  vacuo. 

77  Vinous  ferm.  ends,  acetous  ferm.  begins. 
64-4  Oil  of  anise  liqviefies. 

59  Gay  Lussac's  Alcoometre  graduated  at. 

55  Syrups  to  be  kept  at  (P.  L.). 

30  (about).  Olive  oil  becomes  partially  solid. 

32  Water  freezes. 
5  Cold  produced  by  snow  2  parts  and  salt  1  part. 
— 37'9  Mercury  freezes. 
*^*  Specific  Gravities  taken  at  60°  (B.  P.). 


SPECIFIC   GRAVITIES. 

1.  Solids.     Water=VOOO. 

Platinum,  21-58;  Gold,  19-34;  Mercury,  13-590;  Thalliinn 
11-9;  Lead,  11-350;  Silver  10-500  ;  Bismuth,  9-822  ;  Cop 
per,  8-95  ;  Cadmium,  8-604 ;  Nickel,  8-82 ;  Cobalt,  8-538 
Iron,  7-844 ;  Tin,  7-291 ;  Zinc,  7-146 ;  Antimony,  6-720 
Aluminium,  2-56 ;  Glass,  2-540  to  2-953  ;  Sulphur,  1-990 
Magnesium,  1-75 ;,  Calcium,  1-58;  Ilubidium,  1-52;  Gum 


APPENDIX  475 

arable,  1-355;  Scammony,  1-210;  Amber,  1-078;  Resin, 
1-072 ;  Camphor  (laurel),  -996 ;  Sodimii,  -972  ;  Bees'-wax, 
962 ;  Si^ermaceti,  •9-i3 ;  Caoutchouc,  -933 ;  Potassium,  -865. 

2.  Liquids.     Water  =  1-000. 

Mercury,  13-590 ;  Sulphuric  acid,  1-854 ;  Nitric  acid  (mono- 
hydrated),  1-517 ;  Nitric  acid,  B.,  L.,  1-420 ;  Commercial 
nitric  acid,  1-380  to  1-390;  Double  aqua  fortis,  1-360; 
Single  aqua  fortis,  1-220;  Hydi-ochloric  acid  (strongest), 
1-210;  Hydi-ochloric  acid,  B.,  L.,  1-160;  Solution  of  caus- 
tic potash,  B.,  1-058;  Solution  of  ammonia,  B.,  '959; 
Stronger  solution  of  ammonia,  B.,  -891 ;  Saturated  solution 
of  alum,  1-033 ;  Saturated  solution  of  common  salt,  1-200 ; 
Satm-ated  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper,  1-150;  Satiu-ated 
solution  of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  1-218 ;  Sea- water  1-027 ; 
Milk,  1-032;  Alcohol,  B., -795;  Rectified  spirit,  B., -838; 
Proof  spirit,  B.,  -920 ;  Chloroform,  B.,  1-49  (not  less  than 
1-480,  Lond.  ph.);  Bisulphide  of  carbon,  1-272;  Syrup, 
B.  1-330 ;  Spirit  of  nitric  acid,  B.,  -845 ;  Ether  (pure), 
•720;  Acetic  ether,  B., -910 ;  Caoutchoucine, -680 ;  Oil  of 
turpentine,  -876  to  -869  ;  Olive  oil,  -9175  ;  Spermaceti  oil, 
8-75;  Southern  whale  oil,  -920;  Almond  oil,  -917;  Creasote, 
1-046;  Oil  of  ^\-ine,  1-05;  Essential  oil  of  anise,  '985;  of 
caraway -964;  of  cinnamon,  1-008;  of  cloves,  1-055;  of 
cajeput,  -925 ;  of  lemon,  distilled,  -847 ;  of  rosemary,  -897 ; 
Tincture  of  sesquichloride  of  iron,  '992. 


3.   Gases  and  Vapours.     Atmospheric  Air  =  1-000. 


•981 ;  Chlorine,  2-470  (2-421  Graham) ;  Vapour  of  ether, 
2-582;  V.  of  water,  -622;  v.  of  sulphur  at  900^  6-617 
(Graham) ;  v.  of  i)hosphorus,  4-284 ;  v.  of  iodine,  8-716. 


476 


APPENDIX 


TABLE  OF  CHEMICAL  ELEMENTS  MENTION'ED  IN  THE  BBITISH 
PHAEMACOPCEIA,  WITH  THEIR  SYMBOLS  AND  EQUIVA- 
LENT NUMBERS.     (From  the  B.  P.  1867.) 


ELEMEXTAEY    BODIES. 

SIMBOLS  AND 

EQUIVALENTS. 

Aluminium  

Antimony  (Stibium)    . . . 

Old  System. 
Al    =      13-75 
Sb    =    122 
As    =     75 
Ba   =     68-5 
Bi    =   210 
B      =     11 
Br    =     80 
Cd    =     56 
Ca    =     20 
C      =       6 
Ce    =     46 
CI    =     35-5 
Cr    =     26-25 
Cu   =     31-75 
Au   =   1965 
H     =       1 
I       =   127 
Fe    =     28 
Pb    =   103-5 
L     =       7 
Mg  =     12 
Mn  =     27-5 
Hg  =   100 
N     =     14 
0=8 
P     =     31 
Pt    =     98-5 
K     =     39 
Ag   =   108 
Na   =      23 
S      =      16 
Sn    =     59 
Zn    =     32-5 

New  Svstem. 
Al    =     27-5 
Sb    =   122 
As    =     75 
Ba    =   137 
Bi    =  210 
B      =     11 
Br    =     80 
Cd    =   112 
Ca    =     40 
C      =     12 
Ce    =     92 
CI     =     35-5 
Cr    =     52-5 
Cu    =     63-5 
An   =   196-5 
H     =       1 
I      =  127 
Fe    =     56 
Pb    =  207 
L      =       7 
Mg  =     24 
Mn  =     55 
Hg  =   200 
N     =     14 
0      =     16 
P      =     31 
Pt    =  197 
K     =     39 
Ag  =   108 
Na   =     23 
S      =     32 
Sn    =   118 
Zn    =     65        ! 

Hiiriuiii    

Bismuth    

Bromine    

Cadmium 

Calcium    

Carbon  

Cerium 

Chlorine      

Chromium    

Copper  (Cuprum) 

Gold  (Aiu-um) 

Hvdroo-en    

Iodine    

Iron  ( Ferruni) 

Lead  (Plumbum) 

Lithium    

Magnesium  

Manganese    

Mercury  (Hydrai-gyrum) 
Nitrogen  

Oxv£2'en 

Phosphorus  

Platinum 

Potassium  (Kalium)    ... 

Silver  ( Argentum)  

Sodium  (Natrium)  

Sulphur      

Tin(Stannuni) 

Zinc  

APPENDIX 


477 


Composition,  Equivalent  Numbers,  and  Formulce  of  some  of 
the  more  important  Compounds  employed  in  Pharmaci/ 
and  the  Arts. 

[Fractions  are  omitted.] 


Old  System. 


New  System. 


Acetone    

Acid,  Acetic    (anhy- 
drous) 


—  Arsenious    

—  Arsenic    

—  Benzoic  

■ —  Boracic     (auliy- 

drous) 

Crys 

—  Carbolic  

—  Carbonic 

—  Chromic 

—  Citric  (dry) 

(crystals)   

—  Hydrochloric 

—  Hydrocyanic 

—  Hydrosulphuric... 

—  Iodic    

—  Nitric 

sp.  gr.  1-5 

—  Oxalic  (anhydrous) 
Crys 

—  Phosplioric 

—  Sulphuric    

—  —  bydrated    

—  Tartaric,  Crys 

Alcohol 

—  Amylic    

Alumina  

Alum    


FormulEB. 


Equiv. 
....    29 


C4H3O3  (or  A) 51 

AsO, 99 

AsO. 115 

C,,lL  0,110 132 


BO, 


CO2 

CrOa 

CjoHsOi,    ... 

C,   5II0    

XT     pi 

CoN  H'(o'r"HCy)'!! 

HS  

IO5  

NO5 

NO5,  HO^ 

C^O^iorO) 

C2O3,  3H0 

PO, 

SO,    


Cs  H,  0,„  2H0 
1C,H,,0,  


Ammonium 

Amidogen    

Ammonia 

—  Hydroclilorate  * 

—  Sulphate,  crys.  ... 

—  Carbonate  

Amy],  Nitrite 


AI2,  O3,  3  (SO3)  ;  KO, 

SO3  +  24HO  

NH^ 

NH, 

NH3 

NH3,  HCl  

NH3,  SO3,  HO 

2NH4  0,'3C02    

Cioll„0,N03  


35 

62 

94 

22 

51 

165 

210 

37 

27 

17 

167 

54 

63 

36 
63 
71 
40 
49 
150 
46 
88 
53 

474 
18 
16 
17 
54 
66 
118 
117 


FormulcE. 


Equiv. 
....     58 


C,H,0^  102 

As^  0,  198 


B^O^ 70 

HB  02,11,0  63 

EC^H^O~ 94 

C  On 44 


<7i,tf,oO„  , 330 

H^CsH^  0.j,R.  0...  210 

HCl .": 37 

HCl/ 27 

H.,S 34 

/a  O3 334 

"    '              108 


HNO. 


63 


C2O3     73 

H^C^O^^^H^O 126 

~    "        143 


SO, 


80 


H^C^H^Oe 150 

C^H^O 46 


103 


K,  Jl  (504)2  12  HO2  474 

NH^  18 

NE2  16 

NH:,  17 

NH^Cl 54 

(NH^)2S0^  1.32 

^4.  ^16  C3  Os  336 

Cj/r,,  AO2 117 


*  Ammonium  Chloride. 


478 


APPENDIX 


Antimony,  Teroxide  . 

—  Tersiilph 

—  Potassio-tartrate  . 

Atropia 

Baryta  

—  Carbonate  

—  Siilpliate 

Barium,  Cliloride  ... 
Bismutli,  Oxide  

—  Subnitrate 

Borax    

Cadmium,  Iodide  ... 
Calcium,  Chloride  ... 
crys 

—  Oxide  (Lime) 

Cerium,  Oxalate 

CUoral,  Hydrate 

Chloroform 

Cinchouia 

Copper,  Oxide 

—  Dinoxide 

—  Sulphate  (auhyd.) 
crys 

—  Witrate    

—  Acetate,  crys 

Cyanogen " 

Ether    

—  Acetic 

Ethyl     

Glycerine 

Gum 

Iron,  Protoxide  

—  Black  Oxide  

—  Peroxide 

—  Chloride 

—  Perchloride 

—  Iodide 

—  Sulphate  (anhyd.) 

crys 

Lead,  Acetate,  crys. 

—  Protoxide    

—  Carbonate  

—  Iodide  

—  Chloride  

—  Sulphate 

—  IS'itrate,  crys 

Lime,  Carbonate 

—  Hydrate 

—  Hypophosphite  ... 


Old  Sistem. 

PormulsB.  Equiv. 

SbO, 146 

Sb  S3 .^. 170 

KO,  Sb  O3,  T,  3  HO  343 

C34H23NO6 289 

BaO 77 

BaO,  CO,    99 

BaO,  SO, 117 

BaCl 104 

BiOj 234 

BiOs.NOs.SHO 306 

Na  6,  2  bOs,  10  HO  191 

Cdl  183 

CaCl 58 

CaCl,  6H0 110 

CaO 28 

CeO,  C.  0.  +  6H0...  234 
C,  HCI3O2,  3H0...  166 

C2HCI3  120 

CsnIIisNO 154 

CuO 40 

CU2O    72 

CuO,  SO3 80 

CuO,  SO3,  5 HO 125 

CuO,  K_Oi   94 

CuO,  A,  HO   100 

CaNCorCy)    36 

C.H^O 37 

C^H,  O,  C^HjOs...     88 

C,H, 29 

C.HgOe  93 

CuHuOi,  171 

FeO 36 

Fc■JO^  116 

FeaOj   80 

FeCl'. 64 

Fe2Cl3 163 

Fel  155 

FeO,  SO, 76 

Fe  0,803,7  HO 139 

PbO,  A,  3H0 190 

PbO 112 

PbO,  CO, 134 

Pbl  231 

PbCl 140 

PbO,  SO, 152 

PbO,  NO5    166 

CaO,  CO2 50 

CaO,  HO 37 

CaO,  PO,  2  HO 85 


New  Sistem. 

Pormulse.  Equiv. 

Sb^Oi   292 

Sb^Ss 340 

K,SbO,C.E^O^,E^O  843 

C\jH,,NO, 289 

BaO'. 153 

BaCO^ 197 

BaSO^ 233 

Ba  C/^  .; 208 

Bi.2  O3  468 

Bi  0,N03,H2  0 306 

iV^fla  0,2  7^2(33,10/^2  0  383 

Cdii 366 

Ca  CU   Ill 

CaClleiloO 219 

CaO " 56 

^^2  04,37^2  0 234 

a,  H  CL  0,11,0 166 

CnCh 120 

C^^H^^N^O  308 

CuO 79 

Cti^O 143 

CuSO^ 159 

CziSO^,  hH^O  349 

Cu  (^03)2 188 

Cii,2CiE30.i,H^O...  200 

CN{orCy)    26 

C,H,^0   74 

C^H,C,H.O, 88 

C.H^ 29 

Cs-ffsOa  92 

C1.2H.22Ou  343 

FeO  73 

Fe^Ot   233 

i^.?2  03    160 

FeCl2    127 

Fe^Cle  325 

Fel.2 310 

FeSO^  153 

FeS0^,7Hf,0 278 

Pb.ic^H^o^h.^'ii^o  ?,n 

PbO 233 

FbCO^  267 

Pbl-i 461 

P4«2   278 

PbSO^  303 

Pb  {NO^li 331 

Ca  CO3 100 

CaH^Oo  74 

CaZPU^Oi 170 


APPENDIX 


479 


Lime,  Sulphate  

—  Phosphate   (bone- 

earth)    

Lithia,  Carbonate  ... 
Maguesia 

—  Carbonate  

—  Sulphate  (anhyd.) 

crys 

Manganese,  Binoxide 

—  Chloride  

—  Sulphate 

Mannite    

*Mercur}',    Chloride 

(Subchluride,  B.) 

—  IJichloride     (Per- 
cliloride,  B.)  

—  Protoxide    

—  Binoxide*  

—  Iodide 

—  Biniodide    

—  Ammonio- chloride 

—  iS'itrate  (Proto-)... 

—  Sulphate 

—  Bisulpliurett  

Morphia   

—  Acetate,  crys 

—  Hydrochlorate,   ( 

crys \ 

Platinum,  chloride ... 

—  Animonio-chloride 
Potash  (auhyd.) 

—  Hydrate 

—  Acetate  

—  Carbonate  

—  Bicarbonate,  crys. 

—  Chlorate 

—  Chromate    

—  Bichromate    

—  Nitrate    

—  Sulphate 

Potasli,Bisulph.,crys. 


Old  System, 

Formulee.  Equiv. 

CaO,  SOg 68 

3CaO,  PO5 155 

LO,  CO,    32 

MgO...' 20 

(i\rg  0,003)3;  MgO; 

5  HO 191 

MgO,  SO,   60 

Mg  0,  SO3,  7  HO   ...  123 

MuO,  44 

MnCl  63 

MnO,  SO3  76 

CsH^Oe  91 

HgCl    236 

HgCl, 371 

HgO." 208 

HgOa  216 

Hgl 327 

Hgia    454 

Hg,  CI,  NH3   252 

HgO,  NO5  263 

Hg03,3S03  296 

IlgS,    232 

C34H"j3K06,2_HO...  303 

C31  H,9  NOg,  A,  HO  345 
C34  "19  NOe,  H  CI, 

BlIO 376 

PtClo    170 

PtClj,  JIHs,  HCl...  223 

KO 47 

KO,HO    56 

KO,  A  98 

KO,  CO2  69 

KO,  3  CO.,,  HO  100 

KO,  ClOs": 123 

KO,  Cr  O3    98 

KO,  3Cr03 148 

KO,  NO5 101 

KO,  SO3   87 

KO,  HO,  3  SO3  136 


New  System. 

Formulse.  Equiv. 
CaSO^  136 

Cffs  (POi)^  310 

iaCOj  74 

311/0 40 

(3fffCOs)s,MaO,hHkO  382 

3I(/S0. 120 

3J(/SO^,7HoO    246 

3In  O2  ~. 87 

3InCl2 126 

3fa  SO. 151 

CetluOs 182 

Hf/Cl 236 

Hr/Cl.2 271 

Bff,0    416 

ifqO 216 

%/ 327 

Hff  I., 454 

NH{,U(i,Cl 252 

Hrj  (N6^\    262 

Ef/SOi 296 

n'fi  S 232 

(■;.,ifi9iV03,  FjO...  303 
Ci-  ff,9  NO^,  Ca  H^  0,  345 
(?„  Z/jo  W03,  n  CI, 

■6H.,0  376 

PtCI.    339 

(H^NCl)i,PlCh   ...  446 

K..0 94 

KUO   56 

KCiH^O,    98 

7^2  CO3  ..." 138 

KHUOn,  100 

KCIO.^. 123 

K,  CrO^   195 

KoO{CrO^\    295 

KNO^  101 

K^SO^  174 

KESOi  136 


*  Mr.  Brande  adopted  100  as  the  equivalent  of  mercury,  with  Dr.  Kane 
and  others,  and  the  B.  P.;  but  we  have  here  retained  the  old  equivalents 
of  Phillips. 

f  Mercuric  oxide. 

%  Mercuric  sulphide. 


480 


APPEJTDIX 


Potasli,  Tartrate 

—  Bitartrate 

—  Permaugauate    ... 
Potassium,  bromide  . 

—  Cliloride 

—  Iodide 

Quiuia  

—  Disulphate,  crys. . 

—  N  antral  sulpliate . 


Santonin  

Silver,  O.nde  

—  Cliloride  

—  Iodide 

—  Cyanide  

—  Nitrate    

Soda  

—  Carbonate  (exsic- 

cat.)  

crys 

—  Bicarbonate    

—  Sulphate  (anhyd.) 

crys 

— ■  Phosphate  

—  Potassio-tartrate, 

crys 

S  dium,  cliloride    ... 

Starch  

Strychnia 

Sugar,  Cane 

Sugar  of  Milk 

Water   

—  Oxygenated    

Zinc,  o.xide  

—  Carbonate  

—  Sulphate 

—  Chloride 


Old  SisTEM. 
Formulae.  Equiv. 

3K0^ 226 

KG,  T,  HO  188 

KG,  MnoG, 158 

KBr 119 

KCl 75 

KI    166 

CaoHiaKOaSHO...  189 
3(C2oHioN02),  SOj, 

8  HO 436 

Cso  Hi2  NO2,  SO3. 

8  HO 274 

CaoHjgOe 246 

AgO 116 

AgCl 144 

Agl  235 

AgCy   134 

AgO,  NO5    170 

iNaO 31 

^80,002 53 

NaG,  CO2,  lOHO  ...  143 

Na0,2C02, 110 84 

NaO,  SO3 71 

NaO,SG.„10HO  ...  161 
2  NaO,  i'G5,25HO  .  358 

NaO,KO,    f,   8  HO  282 

NaCI 59 

Ci2H,oOio 162 

C^2ll22  0^N2 334 

Cx2H„0ii 171 

0^112,024  360 

HO    9 

HOa  17 

ZnO 41 

ZnO,  COo    63 

ZnO,  S03,7HO 144 

ZnCl 68 


New  System. 

Formulae.  Eqiiiv. 

S^C^H^O^  226 

KEC^H^O^  188 

KMhO^  158 

KBr 119 

KCl  75 

KI 166 

C20  ^24  -^^2  O2,  3  ffjO  378 
(^'20    ^2*    -^2  Oi\,  U^ 

S0^,^  H^O  873 

C20  U^  N2    O2,    H^ 

S0^,1  H^O 548 

CisS^Os    246 

Jg^O 232 

Af/  CI 144 

Jff  I 235 

Jff  Cy   134 

^<7iVC»3 170 

I^a^O  63 


iVa,  CO3 

^a^  CO^,  10  U^  0 


106 


Ka^SO^    142 

A'flj  5O4,  10 /^a  0   ...  323 


KaKCiiriOs,'iH2  0  282 

KaCl    59 

Ceir,„0, 163 

C21  B22N2  O2 334 

C12  ■022  0,1  342 

Ci2^u0,g  360 

i;0  ....1 18 

H2O2 34 

ZnO 81 

Zn  CO.J, 125 

ZiiSOiJE^O 287 

ZnCh  136 


APPENDIX 


481 


Table  of  the  Neutralizing  Proportions  of  some  of  the  Acids 
and  Alkaline  Carbonates,  omitting  minute  fractions.  The 
best  commercial  preparations  are  intended. 


"2 

J 

1 

O 

OS 

n't-, 
o  o 
CO  .  . 

O 

O   . 

Cm 
O 

< 

o 

'5 

< 
o 

•^   OS 

i  &^ 

11 

J=  o 

So 

M 

H 

i3 

i 

5 

■S  5 

1  = 

Grs. 

Grs. 

Grs. 

Grs. 

Grs. 

Grs. 

Grs. 

Grs. 

10 

9i 

H 

19 

11 

13^ 

61 

8i 

lOi 

lOi 

10 

2* 

20i 

12 

m 

7 

8i 

IH 

13 

12 

n 

25 

144 

17i 

8i 

10 

13i 

15 

14 

u 

29 

17 

20J 

9i 

12 

16 

15i 

14^ 

3i 

30 

I7i 

21 

10 

12i 

16i 

18 

17 

4 

341 

20 

24i 

lU 

14 

19 

20 

18i 

4i 

38i 

22^ 

27 

121 

15i 

21 

20^ 

19 

4i 

40 

23 

27^ 

13 

16 

21i 

26 

24 

5i 

50 

29 

35 

16i 

18i 

27 

27 

25 

5| 

52 

30 

36 

17 

21 

28i 

32 

30 

7 

61 

36 

43 

20^ 

25 

334 

36 

33^ 

7| 

69 

40 

48^ 

23 

28 

38 

47 

44 

lOi 

1  90 

52^ 

63 

30 

37 

49i 

52 

m 

lU 

100 

58 

70 

33 

41 

55 

62 

58 

13i 

120 

69 

84 

40 

49 

654 

73 

68 

154! 

140 

82 

98 

46i 

57 

77 

75 

70 

16i 

144 

84 

101 

48i 

59 

79 

90 

84 

19i 

172 

101 

121 

574 

71 

944 

92 

86 

20 

177 

103 

124 

59 

72 

97 

100 

93 

21| 

192 

112 

134 

64 

78 

1054 

108 

100 

23J 

206 

120 

145 

69 

84 

113 

180 

168 

39i 

344 

202 

242 

115 

141 

190 

We  have  estimated  the  equivalent  of  carhoiiate  of  potash 
(Potassa3  carbonas  of  the  London  PharmacoiJCEia),  and  of 
carbonate  of  soda,  at  84  each.  Mr.  Phillips  makes  the 
former  83"5;  but  '5  may  be  allowed  for  impurity  and  extra 
moisture :  the  (sesqui-)  carbonate  of  soda  he  makes  83.  but 
the  composition  of  the  best  commercial  specimens  approaches 
nearer  to  the  bicarbonate,  which  is  85. 

3 


482 


APPENDIX 


Table  of  the  Eel  at  ion  hetioeen  the  Princij^al  Areometers  for 
Liquids  lighter  than  Water. 

[Tlie  first  five  columns  are  from  SoUBEiRAN.tlielast  from  Dr.  Ciiristison 
and  Mr.  Redwood.  Tlie  degrees  of  Gay-Lussac's  alcoliometer  indi- 
cate tlae  per-centage  by  measure  of  pure  alcoliol ;  but  are  not  quite 
e.vact  as  here  given,  tlie  fractions  being  neglected.] 


Baum6. 

Cartier. 

Pharm. 
Batava. 

Specific 
Gavity. 

Gay- 
Lussac. 

Sykea. 

Under  proof. 

lo- 

10- 

0 

lOOO 

0 

100 

ll 

10-92 

1 

993 

5 

S3-6 

12 

11-84 

3 

987 

10 

83-5 

13 

12-76 

3 

979 

17 

73-5 

14 

13-67 

4 

973 

23 

62 

15 

14-59 

5 

966 

29 

61 

16 

16-51 

6 

960 

34 

42 

17 

16-43 

7 

953 

39 

82 

18 

17-35 

8 

947 

43 

25 

19 

18-26 

9 

941 

47 

20 

30 

19-18 

10 

935 

50 

14 

21 

20-10 

11 

929 

53 

8 

22 

21-02 

12 

923 

66 

3 
Over  proof. 

23 

21-94 

13 

917 

59 

2 

24 

22-85 

14 

911 

61 

7-5 

25 

23-77 

15 

905 

64 

11-5 

26 

24-69 

16 

900 

66 

15 

27 

25-61 

17 

894 

69 

20 

28 

26-53 

18 

888 

71 

25 

29 

27-44 

19 

883 

73 

28-5 

30 

28-38 

20 

878 

75 

32 

31 

29-29 

21 

872 

77 

38 

32 

30-31 

22 

867 

79 

41 

33 

31-13 

23 

862 

81 

44 

34 

32-04 

24 

857 

83 

45-5^ 

35 

32-96 

25 

852 

84 

48 

36 

33-88 

26 

847 

86 

61 

37 

34-80 

27 

842 

88 

54 

38 

35-72 

28 

837 

89 

56-5 

39 

36-63 

29 

832 

91 

69 

40 

37-65 

30 

827 

92 

61-5 

41 

38-46 

31 

823 

93 

42 

39-40 

32 

818 

94 

43 

40-31 

33 

813 

96 

44 

41-23 

34 

809 

97 

45 

42-14 

35 

804 

98 

46 

43-06 

36 

800 

99 

47 

4319 

37 

795 

100 

46 

44-90 

38 

791 

Specific  Gravities  cor. 
Areometer/or  Liq 
poeia  Batava.] 


APPENDIX 

responding  tvitJi  the  De(/r 
aids  heavier  than  ivater 


Sp.  SI'- 

Degrees 

'.     1000 

39  .. 

... 

..  1007 

40  .. 

..  1014 

41  .. 

..  1022 

42  .. 

..  1029 

43  .. 

..  1036 

44  .. 

..  1044 

45  .. 

..  1052 

46  .. 

..  1060 

47  .. 

..  1067 

48  ., 

..  1075 

49  .. 

..  1083 

50  .. 

..  1091 

51  .. 

..  1100 

52  .. 

..  1108 

53  .. 

..  1116 

54  .. 

..  1125 

55  .. 

..  1134 

56  .. 

..  1143 

57  .. 

..  1152 

58  .. 

..  1161 

59  .. 

..  1171 

60  .. 

..  1180 

61  .. 

..  1190 

62  .. 

..  1199 

63  .. 

..  1210 

64  .. 

..  1221 

65  .. 

..  1231 

66  .. 

..  1242 

67  .. 

..  1252 

68  .. 

. .  1261 

69  .. 

..  1275 

70  .. 

..  1286 

71  .. 

..  1298 

72  .. 

..  1309 

73  .. 

..  1321 

74  .. 

..  1334 

75  . 

..  1346  ' 

76  ... 

..  1359 

483 

■eesofViXv^K's 
. — [I'hai'iuaco- 


Sp.  £cr' 
1372 
1384 
1398 
1412 
1426 
1440 
1454 
1470 
1485 
1501 
1516 
1532 
1549 
1566 
1583 
1601 
1618 
1637 
1656 
1676 
1695 
1715 
1736 
1758 
1779 
1801 
1823 
1847 
1872 
1897 
1921 
1946 
1974 
2000 
2031 
2059 
2087 
2116 


INDEX. 


Olserve  :  For  Medicines  for  Horses,  Cattle,  S^"c., 
see  the  Veterinary  Index  at  tie  end. 


PACK 

xVbkrnkthy's  Pills 

.  164 

Abenictliy  Biscuits 

.  289 

Arct  -fe  of  alumina 

.  304 

iron 

.  305 

lime 

.  305 

of  amylene 

.  351 

soda 

.  305 

Acclicacid 

.  305 

|ipifiimes 

224 

fumijialion 

■  3G3 

Acetimi-try 

.  305 

Acid,  acetic 

.  305 

carlionic 

.  365 

chloric  . 

.■306 

cliromic 

.  306 

riniiamic 

.  306 

llnnvii- 

.  306 

liippuric 

.  307 

iodic 

.  307 

muriatic 

.  307 

nitric 

.        .  307 

iiitro-liydrocUlonc 

.  307 

oxalic 

.  307 

phosphoric 

.  308 

pyrogallic 

.  308 

salicylic 

.  309 

sulphuric 

.  308 

sulphuric,  dry 

.  oOS 

sulphurous  . 

.  309 

tannic    . 

.  309 

Acidin-.etry 

.  310 

Acids  for  f;alvanic  battel 

ies       .  309 

Acids  and  alkaline  carh 

onates, 

table  of  the  neutralisi 

ng  pro- 

portions  of  some 

.        .481 

FAGE 

A.cidulated  kali 

274 

effervescing  powders  . 

275 

lemonade 

273 

lemonade  powder 

274 

syrup  of  raspberries 

277 

syrup  of  strawberries 

277 

.A.ctou'3  solution  for  baldness 

213 

/Egyptiacum 

97 

Aerated  ebalylicafe 

208 

.    ginger-beer 

270 

ginger-beer  powders 

271 

lemonade 

273 

lemonade  powders 

274 

orangeade 

274 

orangeade  powder 

275 

sherbet  . 

274 

sherbet  powder 

275 

waters   .                .        303- 

-207 

walers,  chalybeate 

208 

lithia  water 

204 

magnesia  water 

203 

saline  waters 

204 

Ague  drops 

164 

Aix-la-Chapelle  water 

208 

Albespeyres  paper 

194 

Albuminous  size 

310 

Alcohol 

310 

Alibert's  cosmetic 

233 

Alkalimetry 

310 

Alkaline  lotion  for  the  month 

264 

Alkaline  solution,  Brandisli's 

170 

Alloys,  various 

.  311 

Almmniflavour    . 

.  295 

paste     . 

.  234 

powder 

.  835 

486 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Almond  lionev  paste  .  .  235 

soap  .  .         .  238 

bloom    .  .  .  237 

Alum    .  .  .        .  312 

mordants  .  .  346 

Aluminium,  fi'osted  .        .  313 

l)rou7,e  .  .  .  313 

Amalgams  .  .  311—312 

for  teeth  .  .  266 

Amalgamated  ziuc  .        .  464 

Amadou         .  .  .  313 

American  shampoo  .        .  244 

tooth-powder        .  .  256 

Ammonia,  carbonate  .        .  313 

sulphate  .  .  313 

Ammoniacal  gas.  .        .365 

Ammoniated  perfumes  .  223 

Eau  de  Cologne  .        .  223 

Anatomical  preparations,  to  pre 

serve 
Anchovies,  essence 

paste 
Anderson's  pills 
Angelica,  spirit  of 
Animal  cliarcoal 
Animals,  to  preserve 
Anuotto,  purified 

solution 
Anodyne  necklaces 
Auti-attrition 
Antibilious  pill* 
Antiferment 
Antipertussis 
Antiscorbutic  elixir 
Antiseptic  tooth-powder 
Antispasmodic  drops,  Grindrod's 
Aperient  pills,  various 
Apothecaries'  measure 

weight  . 
Apparatus,  luting  for 
Aqua  cosmetica 

fortis 
Aquarium,  marine,  salts  for 
Arabine 
Arbor  Pianfc 
Argentum  musivum 
Armenian  cement 
Aromatic  pastils 
Aromatic  tooth-powder 
Aromatic  vinegar  .    165, 

Arquebusade  (acid) 

aromatic 
Arrow-root  . 


314 
298 
298 
164 
217 
334 
314 
314 
315 
165 
315 
165 
315 
165 
262 
256 
185 
165 
468 
468 
333 
231 
315 
315 
316 
316 
316 
329 
228 
256 
224 
165 
213 
279 


PAGE 

Artificial  manure 

398 

sea- water 

.  315 

Asiatic  tooth-powder 

256 

Asses'  milk,  artificial 

280 

Atkinson's  infant  preservative 

166 

Atropine  paper 

166 

Aurum  musivum 

.  316 

Australian  moss 

.  282 

Avoirdupois  weight 

467 

table    for    converting  into 

Troy 

.  467 

Axle-grease  . 

315 

Azote,  or  nitrogen 

367 

Azure  blue    . 

424 

Bachek's  pills    . 

167 

Baden  water 

.  204 

Baking  powder    . 

167 

Bailey's  itch  ointment 

167 

Baillie's  pills 

167 

Balaruc  water 

207 

Baldwin's  phosphorus 

316 

Baldness,  cures  for     .        241- 

-243 

BalmofGilead    . 

167 

of  Kakasiri 

.  167 

Balls,  ash 

317 

blacking 

317 

breeches 

317 

camphor 

.  235 

for  copying  . 

317 

wash 

.  239 

heel 

.  317 

scouring 

817 

furniture 

317 

Balsam  of  honey 

186 

of  horehound 

182 

Bancroft's  solution  of  tin 

347 

Bandoline 

.  251 

Barclay's  pills 

167 

Barejies  water     . 

208 

Bai-egian  balls 

167 

Barium,  peroxide  of 

317 

Bark,  essential  salts  of 

167 

Barker's  tooth-tincture 

167 

Barley  water 

280 

Earth's  green 

427 

Baryta,  chlorate  of 

336 

Baster's  farina    . 

285 

Bate's  eye-water 

168 

anodyne  balsam 

168 

Batis'  un'giiciilum  cri«iscii-ai 

243 

Bateman's  dr«i«s 

167 

itch  ointment 

168 

INDEX. 


487 


Bathing  spirits 
Biith  digestive  pills 

lozenges 
Battley's  senna  powder 
Baume  de  vie 
Baynton's  plaster 
Bean  flower  water 
Bear's  grease 

factitious 

green 
Beavan's  cholera  remedy 
BccoMir's  arsenical  soap 
Beddoe's  pills 
Bclloste's  pills     . 
Beef  tea 
Beer,  ginger 

spruce  . 

treacle 
Beetle  wafers 


p 

168, 


poisou 
Bell  metal    . 
Bengal  chitni 
Benzine 

coUas 
Benzol 
Benzoline 
Bestuchelf's  nervous  tincture 
Betton's  British  oil 
Bewley's  chalybeate 
Beverages 
Bird-lime 
Biscuits,  Abernethy 

aperient 

meat 

sponge  . 
Bismuth   wliite  . 
Bisulphide  of  carbon 
Bistre   . 
Black,  Brunswick 

.draught 

drop 

flux 

ink 

dyes 

japan 

oils 

reviver  . 
Blacking  ball 

liquid     . 

))aste 

for  harness 
Blacking  without  polishing 

patent  India  rubber 


1C9 


AGE  ! 

182 
168  I 
168 
168 
168 
168 
210 
243 
246 
246 
17-i 
446 
168 
169 
286 
270 
376 
276 
318 
317 
311 
294 
318 
318 
318 
318 
169 
169 
169 
270 
318 
289 
169 
287 
289 
237 
318 
424 
326 
169 
169 
356 
379 
346 
321 
87 
321 
320 
319 
320 
320 
320 
820 


Blaine's  distemper  powder 
Blake's  toothache  remedy 
Blanc-mange 
Bleaching  of  oils 

of  wax 

liquid     . 
Blights,  remedies  for 
Blistering  paper 

tissue 
Blue  for  linen 

ink 

pigments 

Prussian 

smalts  and  azure  . 

TurnbuU's     . 

verditer,  &c. 
Bochet's  syrup    . 
Boerhaave's  odontalgic 
Boilers,  to  prevent  incrustation 

in 
Bones,  sulphated 
Bookl)inders'  stains    . 
Boot  powder 
Boot-top  liquid 
Boots,  to  render  waterproof 
Borax,  glass  of 
Borated  tincture  of  myrrh 
Bories'  odontalgic 
Bottle  eenient 
Boudct's  depilatory    . 
Braden's  farina    . 
Brando's  toothache  tincture 

ink 
Brandish's  alkaline  solution 
Brass    . 
Brazil  paper 
Bread,  ai?rated    . 
unfermented 
gluten 
Breakfast  powder 
Bright's  nutritious  farina  . 
Brighton  green 
Britliantine 
Brine  for  pork 
British  herb  tobacco 

oils 
Brodum's  cordial 
Brocchieri's  styptic 
Broma  . 
Bronze  (alloys) 
for  tiguri'S     . 
powder 
Bronzing  liquids  i 


■P4.GE 

169 
.  265 
.  283 
.  404 
.  463 
.  321 
.  321 

169 
.  169 
.  323 
.  383 
.  424 
.  431 
.  424 
.  431 
.  424 
.  170 
.  205 

'.  323 
.  323 
.  324 
.  324 
.  323 
.  458 
.  370 
.  263 
.  263 
.  331 
.  255 
.  385 
.  265 
.  381 
.  170 
.  311 
.  447 
.  287 
.  388 
.  290 
.  285 
.  385 
.  426 
.  250 
.  303 
.  170 
.  170 
.  170 
.  170 
.  284 
.  311 
.  324 
.  324 
.  324, 


488 

INDEX. 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Bronzing  ball              , 

.  325 

Cartwright's  tooth-powder        .  257 

pastes 

.  325 

Case-liardening  powders    .          328 

Brosse  de  corail 

.  326 

Cassareep     . 

.  299 

Browning  for  gun-barrels 

.  326 

Castillon's  powders 

.        .  171 

Brngnatelli's  fulminating 

silver  360 

Castor-oil  pomade 

.  247 

Brunswick  black 

.  326 

Catsup,  mushroom 

.  298 

green.     . 

.  426 

walnut  . 

.  298 

Bug  poison 

.  326 

Cattle's  hair  dye 

.  953 

Bullock's  semola 

.  285 

Caustic  foi-  corns 

.  176 

Burnett's   (Sir  W.)   disinfecting 

Cayenne,  soluble 

.  295 

fluid 

.  170 

essence 

.  296 

Butter  of  antimony    . 

.  327 

Celery,  essence  of 

.  296 

to  preserve  . 

.  327 

Cements,  various 

329-334 

Butyric  ether 

.  327 

Armenian 

.  329 

Cabbage  paper  . 

.        .  447 

for  apparatus 

.  333 

Cacliou  aromatis6 

.  229 

Cement,  lottle    . 

..       .  331 

Cadet's  tooth-powder 

.  256 

cap 

.  331 

Cajeput  liniment 

.  171 

coppersmith's 

.  331 

Calvert's  disinfecting  pow 

ler    .  343 

curd 

.  330 

Camphine 

.  327 

diamond 

.  329 

Camphor,  artificial 
ball 

.  327 

engineer's 

.  331 

.  235 

for  cracks  in  iron 

.  331 

fluid 

.  193 

for  India  rubber 

.  332 

ice 

.  235 

for  jewels 

.  329 

liniment 

.       .  171 

for  leather  and  metals         .  332 

wasliballs 

.  241) 

liquid 

.  330 

Camphorated  chalk 

.         .  257 

for  marble 

.  330 

tooth-powder 

.  257 

French 

.  333 

Candies 

.  327 

hydraulic 

.  331 

Candy,  caraway 

.  191 

Maissiatt's    . 

.  333 

live-long 

.  191 

oxychloride  of  zinc             .  S31 

Cant haridin  blister 

.  328 

Roman 

.  331 

Canton's  i)hosphorus 

.  328 

shell-lac 

.  329 

Caoutchouc,  solvents  for 

.  441 

soft 

.  333 

Cap  cement 

.  331 

for  teeth,  various 

266,  269 

Capillaire  synip 

.  276 

for  wood,    porcc 

ain,    and 

limoniated     . 

.        .  277 

glass 

.  330 

Capsule;,  gelatinous    . 

.  328 

for  fixing  labels  to  tin         .  333 

Caraway  candy     . 

.  191 

Singer's 

.  330 

essence  of 

.  296 

Turner's 

.  331 

Carbon,  see  Charcoal 

.  334 

Cephalic  snuff 

.        .  171 

writing  ink 

.  385 

Ceylon  moss  jelly 

•  281 

bisulphide  of 

.  318 

Chalybeate,  I'almer's 

lerated    .  194 

Carbonic  acid  gas 

.  365 

waters    . 

.  208 

oxide 

.  366 

Chamberlaine's  pills 

.       ,171 

dentifrice 

.  257 

Chameleon  mineral 

.  335 

Carburetted  hydrogen 

.  366 

Chamomile  pills 

.        .  171 

Carlsbad  water 

.  205 

drops     . 

.  171 

Carmine 

.  422 

Chapman's  wheat  flour       .         .  2S5 

Carminative,  Dalby's  . 

.  177 

Charcoal,  animal 

.  334 

Caralielli's  toolli-powder 

257 

alumiuized  . 

.  334 

Carron  oil     . 

.  171 

from  coal  tar 

.  334 

Cartliamine 

12 

vegetable     , 

,  334 

INDEX. 


489 


PAGE 

Cliarcoal  tooth-powder 

257 

tooth-paste 

261 

Chelsea  pensioner 

171 

Cheltenham  salts 

171 

Cheniic  hlue 

335 

Chemical  elements,  tahle  of 

476 

Cherry  paste  for  teetli 

261 

Chevallier's  liair  dye  . 

252 

Chilblains,  remedies  for     .  171 

172 

Chinese  depilatory 

255 

Clang's  lozenges  " 

172 

Cliirayta  pills 

174 

Chitni,  Bengal    . 

294 

Chloralum     . 

335 

Chlorate  of  baryta 

335 

of  potash 

.335 

Chloride  of  lime 

335 

potash 

336 

soda 

336 

Chlorine  gas 

366 

fumigation    . 

360 

lozenges 

230 

Clilorodyue 

172 

Chloroform 

336 

Chocolate  and  cocoa 

283 

Cholera,  remedies  for 

173 

Chromate  of  lead 

.  425 

of  potash 

336 

Chrome  red,  &c. 

425 

yellow 

425 

Chromic  acid 

306 

Cinnamic  acid 

.  306 

Cinnamon,  essence  of 

296 

water     . 

210 

tincture  of   . 

.  296 

Circassian  cream 

247 

tooth-powder 

.  257 

Citrate  of  magnesia    . 

.  174 

Clichoe  moulds 

311 

Clothes,  powder  to  keep  moths 

from 

.  337 

Glutton's  febrifuge 

.  174 

Coathupe's  writing  fluid 

.  385 

Cochineal  colouring 

.  337 

lake       . 

.  423 

liquid 

.  396 

Cochrane's  cough  mixture 

.  174 

Cod-liver,Soyer's  preparations o 

f  292 

with  cod  roe 

.  292 

and  potatoes 

.  292 

and  rice 

.  292 

and  tapioca 

.  292 

preparations  of    . 

.  292 

Cod-liver  oil  sauce 
Colfee,  dandelion 
Cold  cream 

granulated    . 
Collier's  wine  of  quinine 


PAGE 

.  293 
.  177 
.  233 
.  234 
•  174 


CoUins's  disinfecting  powder  .  34^2 

Collodion             .               .  .  337 

elastic                   .  .  337 

styptic          .               .  .  174 

Colours  for  maps         .  .  340 

for  confectioners         .  .  340 

for  druggists'  show  bottles  .  338 

liqueurs                 .  .  340 

liquid             .                .  .  340 

vehicles  for           .  .  340 

Coloured  fires     ■.               .  .  353 

flames                   .  .  354 

coloured  flame  papers  .  354 

Colouring  lor  brandy,  &c.  .  340 

Comparison    of     thermometric 

scales               .               .  .  472 

Composition  for  electro-moulds  350 

Condiments,  various  .  293 

Condy's  fluid        .                .  .  340 

Consuniptidii,  remedies  for  .  175 

Copaiva,  solution  of           .  .  199 

Copper,  black  and  red  oxide  .  340 

nitrate  of       .                .  .  341 

Coral  dentifrice            .  .  257 

tooth-paste   .               .  .  261 

Corns,  caustic  for        .  •  176 

plasters        .               .  .  175 

plasters,  mechanical  .  175 

solvents  for          .  .  175 

Cosmetics,  hair                   .  .  241 

skin       .               .  .  231 

teeth             .                .  .  256 

for  cliappcd  nipples  .  189 

Cosinettqnes,  in  sticks  for  hair  .  254 

Cottereau's  toothache  drops  .  265 

Cotton,  gun         .               .  .  375 

Cough  lozenges            .  .  191 

linctus          .               .  .  175 

Court  plaster  .  176, 377 

Crayons,  lithographic  .  387 

"for  writing  on  glass     .  .  341 

Cream,  Circassian       .  .  247 

cold               .               .  .  233 

lemon     .               .  .  233 

wash-balls     .               .  .  2t0 

Crystalline  cream        .  .  247 

castor-oil  pomnde        .  .  247 

Cucumber  pomade             .  .  233 


490 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

Culinary  essences  395,  296 

Currant  jelly               .  .  378 

Curry  powder      .  .  393,  291- 

Custard  powder           .  .  291 

JJaity's  elixir    .  .        .  176 

Daguerreotype  plates  .  427 

Dalby's  carminative     .  .  177 

Palilia  test            .  .       .  450 

Dandelion  coffee          .  .  I77 

Darby's  oils         .  .        .    88 

Darcet's  lozenges        .  .  I77 

Dawson's  lozenges  .        .  177 
De  Iliindel's  toothache  paste     .  366 

Delamott's  golden  drops  .  177 

Denham's  food  .        .  285 

Dentifrices,  various  •  256—260 
Deodorizing  fluid,  Ellerman's     .  34?, 


Depilatories,  various  . 
Derbyshire's  embrocation 
Deschamps'  tooth-powder 
Desforges'  tooth-powder 

ex-tract  of  pellitory 
Detergent  tootb-powder     . 
Deutoxide  (peroxide)of  hyd: 
Dextrin 
Diapente 
Diam(Jud  cement 
Diastase 
Dictamia 
Dietetic  articles 
Digestive  pills     . 
Dinnef9rd's  fluid  magnesia 
Dinner  pills  . 

Disinfectants 
Disinfecting  fluid,  Burnet' 

Ellerman's 

Ledoyen's 

compounds 
Distemper  powders,  Blaine 
Dixon's  pills     . 
Dover's  powders 
Drayton's  silvering  proccs 
Drinks,  summer 
Dryers,  for  painters     . 
Drying  oil 
Dubbing,  curriers' 
Duflin's  Harrogate  salts 
Duncan's  lacfuc.  lozenges 

II.  ext.  of  senna 
Duncan's  gout  remedy 
Dupasqnier's  gaseous  water 
Dupuytren's  eyo-salvc 

pomade    "  ; 


Irogen 


255 
177 
358 
258 
263 
258 
i66 
341 
.  65 
.  329 
.  341 
.  284 
279—291 
.  178 
.  204 
.  178 
.  343 
.  343 
.  342 
.  342 
.  342 
s  .  169 
.  178 
.  178 
.  373 
.  270 
.  343 
.  343 
.  343 
.  180 
.  178 
.  178 
.  178 
■  .  309 
.  178 
I  341 


Dutch  drops 
Dyers'  eomi)ound3 
Dyes,  various 

for  the  hair 

for  ivory 

for  wood 
Dyon's  tooth-paste 
Earache,  simple  cure  for 
Easton's  tonic  syrup 
Eaton's  styptic 
Eau  d'ambre 

d'ange    . 

de  Bottot 

de  bouquet 

des  carmes 

de  Cologne 

coUante 

dentifrice  de  Stahl 

d'Egypte  f 

d'elegance    . 

d'hfiliotrope 

de  javelle 

d'Ispalian 

de  luce 

de  marescliale 

de  miel 

de  inillefleurs 

de  magnanimite 

mcdicinale  d'Husson 

de  O'Mcara 

Eau  de  Naphre     . 

de  Portugal 

Komaine 

de  Babel 

sauspareille 

de  Rosiercs 

de  Mdme.  Vrilliore 
Ebony  pomatum 
Edinburgh  lozenges     . 

ointment 
Effervescing  aperient 

citrate  of  magnesia 

powders 

lemonade 

powder 

orangeade 

orangeade  powder 

sherbet 

sherbet  powders 

sedative. 

chalybeate  water 

Seidlitz  powders 
Eger  water  .  , 


PAGE 

.  178 
.  344 
344—346 
.  253 
.  394 
.  463 
.  261 


INDEX. 


491 


Eggs,  to  preserve 
EUlerflower  water 
Electric  tissue  . 
Electro-gilding 

solutions  for 

brassing 

bronzing 

coppering 

silvering 
Electrotype  moulds 

solutions 
Electuary,  Mahomed's 
Elixir,  Daffy's 

de  Garus  and  Haller's 

Radclitl'e's 

of  roses 

Squire's 

Stougliton's  . 

for  the  teeth 

of  vitriol 
Ellerman's  deodorizing  fluid 
Emerald  green    . 
Ems  water   . 
Embrocation,  Roche's 
Embrocations  for  the  hair 
Emulsions,  cosmetics 
Engraving,  liquid 

on  glass 
Engravings,  to  clean  . 
Engraver's  varnish 
Epicurean  sauce 
Equivalents,  table  of 
Ervalenta     . 
Eschalot  wine 
Esprit  de  suave 

rose,  &c. 
Essence  of  ambergris  . 

anchovies 

d'ambrette  . 

of  bark  . 

of  bitter  almonds 

Cambrian 

of  caraway   . 

of  cayenne 

cedrat 

of  celery 

chamomile    . 

cinnamon,  cloves,  &c, 

of  clove  pink 

Cologne 

cubel)s 

flavouring 

Ringer 


PAGE 

.  349 

.  310 

.  349 

.  369 

.  869 

.  349 

.  349 

.  350 

.  439 

.  350 

.  443 

.  192 

.  176 

.  180 

.  196 

.  263 

.  199 

.  300 

.  264 

.  180 

.  179 

.  426 

.  205 

.  197 

241—244 

.  231 

.  351 

.  370 

.  350 

.  457 

.  299 

.  476 

.  285 

.  297 

.  215 

.  216 

.  219 

.  298 

.  218 

.  180 

.  295 

303 

296 

296 

230 

296 

180 

296 

220 

220 

180 

■:9C 

180 


Essence  of  heliotrope 

honeysuckle 

hovenia 

jargonelle  pears 
jessamine 
jonquil 

Madden's 

magnolia 

mignonette 

moss  rose     . 

myrtle  . 

musk 

mustard 

peppermint  . 

pennyroyal 

patchouli 

of  pine-apple 

of  rennet 

of  roses 

roudoletia    . 

royale    . 

of  sarsaparilla 

for  scentnig  pomatums 

for  smelling  bottles 

sweet  briar 

sweet  pea 

of  Tyre 

of  vanilla 

of  verbena 

ofvetiver 

of  violets 

Westphaliau 

white  lilac 
Essences,  culinary 

cone,  infusions 

vinous 

perfumed  .  219 

Etching  fluids 

varnish 
Exirait  de  bouquet 

de  mareschale,  &c. 
Extract  of  liquorice 

of  meat 

of  malt 
Extracts  (Extraits)  of  flow 


Fairthorn's  pills 
Fards,  or  face  paints 
Farinaceous  food,  Hard's,  lie. 
Farina,  see  Starches 

Bright's  nutrition?,  Sci 
Fals,  to  obviate  rancidity  in       .  353 
Feculuni  Saxoaia         .  ,  284 


222 


PAGE 

.  220 

230 

.  220 

.  351 

222 

'.  220 

.  192 

.  220 

.  220 

.  220 

.  221 

221 

;  181 

.  181 

.  181 

231 

'.  296 

.  435 

.  216 

.  221 

.  221 

.  181 

.  223 

.  223 

231 

221 

'.  253 

.  218 

.  321 

.  218 

.  317 

.  303 

321 

5,  396 

.  183 

182 

223 

351 

352 

219 

219 

397 

387 

183 

219 

182 
237 
385 
444 

285 


492 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Filter  for  corrosive  liquids 

.  352 

Fumigations,  muriatic 

.  362 

Filtering  powder 

.  352 

nitric     . 

.  362 

Fillings  lor  spirits 

•  ^'^: 

sulphur 

.  362 

Fireproofing 

.  355 

tar 

.  362 

Fires,  coloured 

.  352 

for  toothache 

.  266 

to  extinguish 

.  352 

j  Furniture  cream 

.  363 

Fixateur 

.  251 

;         oil . 

.  303 

Flames,  coloured 

.  354 

paste     . 

.  363 

Flame  pnpers  coloured 

.  354 

Fusible  metal 

.  311 

Flavouring  essence 

.  296 

Flint,  liquor  of    . 

.  355 

Gad's  cement 

.  331 

Floating  soaps 

.  339 

j  Galvanic  baltery,  acids  fo 

f        .  309 

Florentine  dentifrice 

.  258 

tooth-powder 

.  258 

Flowers,  to  expand 

.  355 

Gall,  clarified 

.  364 

to  preserve 

.  355 

Galls,  tincture  of 

.  419 

Fluide  tie  Java     . 

.  250 

Gam's  cosmetiques 

.  236 

Fluxes,  black  and  white 

.  356 

Garancine     . 

.  304 

Flux,  Christison's 

.  356 

Gardiner's  alimentary  pp 

.  285 

crude     . 

.  356 

Gaunal's  solution 

.  313 

Coi'nish 

.  356 

Ganteiue 

.  304 

Morveau's 

.  356 

Garrot's  covering  for  pills 

.  364 

I'resenius's,  &c. 

.  356 

Gases,  to  collect . 

.  365 

Taylor's 

.  356 

Gas,  ammoiiiacal 

.  365 

Fly  poison 

.  357 

carbonic  acid 

.  365 

Food  for  infants 

.  287 

carbonic  oxide 

.  366 

Foot  powder 

.  343 

chlorine 

.  366 

Ford's  balsam,  horchouiul 

.  182 

hydrogen 

.  360 

laudanum 

.  182 

hydrocliloric  acid 

.  366 

Foreign  weiglits  and  measures 

.  469 

earburetted  hydrogen 

.  366 

Fothergill's  pills  . 

.  183 

phosphuretted  hydrogen      .  867 

Fox's  cream  . 

.  248 

sulphuretted  hydrogei 

.  367 

Frangipanni  bouquet 

.  221 

nitrogen 

.  367 

Franks'  solution 

.  199 

protoxide 

.  367 

Freckles,  lotion  for 

232 

oxygen  . 

.  368 

Freeman's  batluug  spirit 

'.  183 

ozone 

.  368 

Freezing  mixtures 

.  357 

sulphurous  acid    . 

.  368 

French  polish 

.  358 

Gelatin 

.  368 

lip-salve 

.  236 

capsules 

.328 

mustard 

.  298 

bone 

.  368 

tooth-powder 

.  258 

wafers   . 

.  460 

Fryar's  balsam 

.  183 

Gelee  pour  le  goitre 

.  183 

Frigorific  mixtures 

.  357 

Gentil's  gluten  flour    . 

.  291 

Fruit  lozenges 

.  191 

German  lip-salve 

.  236 

Fulminating  compounds 

.  359 

paste 

.  369 

cotton '  . 

.  375 

pomade 

.  246 

powder 

.  359 

silver     . 

.  811 

mercury- 

359 

tooth-powder 

.  258 

silver 

.  360 

Gilding 

.  369 

Fumigating  pastils 

228 

electro 

.  309 

Fumigations,  acetic 

362 

by  immersion 

.  369 

carljolic  acid 

360 

Ginger  beer 

.  270 

chlorine 

360 

'beer  jiowders 

.  271 

iodine 

361 

essence  of 

.180 

INDEX. 


493 


PACK  1 

Ginger,  avoniiilic  tincture 

296 

Gruel,  oatmeal     . 

Giiigerbrcud,  common 

290 

Guarana 

cake 

290 

Guestonian  embrocation 

purgati\  e      .               .        . 

183 

Gum,  Britiali 

Girambing    . 

271 

Arabic,  purified 

Glass,  to  cut 

371 

Guu  cotton  . 

to  mark  or  write  on 

371 

jowdcr 

to  silvur 

372 

barrels,  browned  . 

of  borax 

870 

Guthrie's  black  oiutmeut 

tlux 

330 

eye  ointment 

soluble  ... 

370 

Gutta-percha  moulds 

tougliencd 

370 

solvents  for 

to  clean 

373 

Gypsum,  to  harden 

Glazes      .               ... 

373 

Gloves,  to  clean 

395 

Haerlem  drops 

Glue     . 

374 

Hahnemann's  hair  dye 

liquid     . 

371 

wine  test 

marine 

374 

Hair  cosmetics    . 

Gluten,  vegetable 

375 

dyes,  various 

bread 

290 

oils 

granulated    . 

291 

pomades 

Glycerine  jelly 

183 

powder 

jelly         for         microscope 

restorer 

mounting 

402 

Welshes 

and  lime  cream    . 

248 

to  remove 

paste 

183 

to  promote  . 

Goadby's  solutions 

314 

to  stiffen 

Godbold's  veg.  balsam 

183 

Halford's  (Sir  H.)  pills 

Godfrey's  cordial 

183 

Hamilton's  pills  . 

smelling  salts               .  185 

,224 

Harness  blacking 

Gold,  factitious 

311 

Harrogate  salts 

mosaic 

316 

water 

Golden  ointment 

185 

Hartshorn  jelly 

spirit  of  scurvy  grass 

185 

Heading  tor  beer    . 

Gout,  specific,  Murray's     . 

193 

Hclvetius'  styptic 

paper 

185 

Heraet's  dentifrice 

medicine,  Duncan's     . 

178 

Henbane  fumigation   . 

pills,  Lartigue's    . 

188 

Henry's  magnesia 

tiuetiirc,  Wilson's 

202 

Herb  soup-powder 

Granulated  gluten 

291 

tobacco  . 

Granville's  (Dr.)  lotions 

185 

Hill's  balsam  of  honey 

Grape  lip-salve 

236 

Honey  paste 

Giaves'  (Dr.)  cliilblain  remedy 

172 

soap 

gout  preventive    . 

1R5 

water 

Grecian  water 

253 

Hoffman's  pills 

G-regoi'v's  powder 

.  185 

Hoo])er's  pills     . 

Green  ilycs 

.  316 

Hooping-cough  remedies 

pigments 

.  426 

Horse-radish  powder 

Grcenoujiirs  tincture 

1S5 

Houlton's  laudanum   . 

Griffin's  tincture 

185 

Hudson's  tincture. 

Griftitb's  mixture 

185 

Huiles  antiques  . 

Gniidiod's  aiilispasmodic 

185 

rose,  jessamine  &.c. 

Grosveuor's  tooUi  powder 

258 

mactissar 

I'AGK 

.  280 
.  283 
.  185 
.  375 
.  375 
.  375 
.  376 
.  326 
.  186 
.  18fi 
.  350 
.  442 
.  376 

.  178 
.  253 
.  451 
.  241 

252—255 
248—250 
245—248 
.  341 
.  253 
.  250 
.  255 
.  241 
.  251 
.  186 
.  166 
320,  370 
186,  208 
.  208 
.  282 
.  377 
.  186 
.  258 
.  266 
.  186 
.  295 
.  170 
.  186 
.  235 
.  239 
.  213 
.  186 
.  186 
.  187 
.  295 
.  186 
.  263 
.  248 
248,  249 
.  250 


494. 


INDEX. 


Iluiles  (le  plu'iiix. 

philocoiiie,  anil  cumu: 
Hungary  wati-r    . 
Hunt's  bre^ikfast  powder 
Huxliani's  tincture  of  Inirk 
Hydrocliloric  acid 

gas 
Hydrogen  gas 

deutoxide  (peroxide) 

carburetted,  &c. 
Hydrophobia,  to  prevent 
Hypochlorite  of  potash 
Hyposulphite  of  soda 

Iceland  moss  jelly    . 

chocolate 
Imperial  drink 

pop 

measure 
Incense  .  .  228, 

India  pickle 

rubber,  solvents  for 

court  plaster 
Indigo,  purified 

dyes 

solutions 

test  paper 
Infants'  preservative  . 
Ink,  to  keep  from  mouldiness     . 

alizarine 

aniline  black,  marking 

powder 

red 

blue 

green     . 

yellow 

gold  and  silver 

indestructible 

Indian  ... 

horticultural 

for  writing  on  steel 

lithographic 

for  marking  linen 

without  preparation 

for  printing  cotton  fabrics, &c 

crimson  marking 

printer's 

Runge's 

sympathetic 

Weber's 

violet     . 

Nornumdy's  .  .  383, 

Reade's. 


PAGE 

.  2i9 
.  219 
.  213 
.  385 
.  187 
.  307 
.  366 
.  366 
.  366 
.  366 
.  155 
.  336 
.  441 


281 
281 
273 
271 
468 
377 
302 
441 
377 
378 
3i6 
344 
447 
166 
393 
381 
389 
381 
382 
383 
384 
384 
385 
385 
386 
386 
387 
387 
388 
389 
,386 
391 
391 
381 
391 
382 
3So 
386 
391 


Ink,  Redwood's   . 

Stepliens's 
Inks,  various 

writing,  black 

anti-corrosive 

copying 

packers' 
Insects,  to  kill 
lodate  of  potash 
Iodide  of  potassium     . 
Iodine 
Iodized  test 
Iridescent  paper 
Irish  moss,  preparations 
Iron,  acetate  of  . 

liquor     . 

persulphate  of 

cement  . 
Isinglass 

plaster,  Listou's   . 
Issue  peas 
Ivory,  artificial 

black,  true 

flexible  . 

to  stain 

to  bleach  and  gild 


James's  analeptic  pills 

powder 
Japan  black 
Japanese  cement 
Jarave,  Spanish 
Jelly,  currant 

gelatine 

hartshorn 

Irish  moss    . 

carrageen 

Iceland  moss 

of  Ceylon  moss 

salep 

isinglass 
Jessamine,  esprit 

perfumed  oil  of 

extract  . 

water 
Jesuits'  drops 
Jones's  patent  flour 


PAGE 

.  389 

.  385 

.  379-393 

.  379 


of 


Kaltdor  lotion  . 
Kemraerer's  tonth-pow 
Kennedy's  corn-pla=t 
KevsL-r's  pill= 
Kid  glove  cleaner 


iler 


INDEX. 


495 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Kingcup     '. 

.  273 

Lemon,  pickle     . 

.  299 

KiUii's  yellow 

.  435 

embrocation 

.  233 

cordial   . 

.  188 

cream 

.  233 

Ketchup,  musliroom    . 

.  298 

wash  balls 

.  239 

walnut 

.  298 

Lemonade,  acidulated 

.  273 

Kirkland's  cerate 

.  188 

aerated  . 

.  273 

Kittoe's  freckle  lotion 

.  232 

dry 

.  274 

Kitchener's  essence  of  cayenne .  296  ] 

powders 

.  274 

of  ginger 

.  296 

milk 

.  274 

of  spices 

.  296 

Lentil  powder 

.  285 

pease  powder 

.  295 

Leroy's  purgative 

.  189 

peristaltic  persuaders 

.  188 

Lenses,  extern  joraneous 

.  396 

soup  herb-powder 

.  295 

Liebert's  uipp  e  cosmetic 

.  189 

spirit  of  soup  herbs 

.  296 

Liebig's  food  for  infants 

■.  287 

savoury  spices 

.  297 

soup  for  children 

.  287 

tincture  of  cinnamon 

.  296 

Lignum's  di-ops 

.  189 

Koumiss 

.  395 

Lime  juice  and  glycerine 

.  248 

Kyaii's  solution  of  wood 

.  395 

Limoniated  ginger-beer 

.  271 

Linctus,  for  couglis 

.  175 

Labakeaques's  liquid 

.  395 

Liniment,  cajeput 

.  171 

Labels,  indestructible 

.  395 

camphorated 

St.  John  Long's    . 

.  171 

Lac,  stick,  seed,  and  shell 

.  395 

.  190 

to  bleach 

.  396 

Linseed  tea 

.  280 

cement 

.  329 

oil,  refined 

.  397 

spirit      . 

.  358 

boiled 

.  343 

Lacquers 

.  456 

clarified     . 

.  897 

Lactucarium  lozenges 

.  191 

Lip-salve,  rose    . 

.  236 

Lait  de  fraicheur 

.  232 

Peruvian 

.  236 

virginal 

.  232 

German 

.  236 

Lake,  cochineal 

.  423 

grape     . 

.  236 

Brazil,  &c.    . 

.  423 

French 

.  236 

liquid     . 

.  396 

Liqueur  dor6e 

.  189 

yellow,  &c.    . 

.  424 

Liquid  amalgam  . 

.  312 

Lakes    . 

396,  422 

blister    . 

.  190 

Lamplough's  pyretic  saline 

.  188 

disinfecting  . 

.  342 

Landerer's  cure  for  baldne 

ss      .  244 

glue       .           •    . 

.  374 

Lane's,  Dr.,  vinous  essence 

s      .  182 

Liquids  for  the  teeth 

263,  266 

Lardner's  tooth-powder 

.  259 

tables     of     weights 

and 

Lartigue's  gout-pills 

.  188 

measures  of 

.  468 

Lavender  tooth-powder 

.  259 

Liquorice,  purified 

.  397 

water    . 

.  211,  212 

Lisbon  water 

.  214 

Leath's  alimentary  farina 

.  285 

Listen's  plaster 

.  190 

Lee's  pills 

.  189 

Lithographic  paper 

.  407 

Ledoyen's  disinfecting  flui 

1        .  188 

ink 

.  387 

Leech-bites,  astringent  foi 

.  188 

Litmus 

.  397 

Lefoulou's  elixir 

.  264 

paper     . 

,  448 

tooth-powder 

.  259 

tincture 

.  449 

Lefandiniere's  elixir    . 

.  263 

Live-long  candy 

.  191 

Lejeunc's  balsam    . 

.  189 

Locatelli's  balsam 

.  190 

Lemazurier's  odontalgic 

.  265 

Locock's  lotions  for  the  lia 

ir      .  243 

Lemon  juice,  factitious  . 

272,  396 

wafers 

190 

flavour 

.  296 

Long's,  St.  John,  linimeut 

.  190 

kali 

-.  274 

Lotions  for  the  mouth 

.   262,266 

496 


BVTDEX. 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Lotions  of  chloride  of  soda 

264 

Medals,  to  bronze 

.  324 

for  chilblains               .    171 

,173 

Medallions,  perfumed 

.  227 

for  the  skill 

231 

Mercury,  fu  minating. 

.  359 

Lozenges,  absorbent 

190 

Metallic  cements 

.  268 

alkaUiie 

190 

Metge's  tooth-powder 

.  259 

aperient 

190 

tooth  paste   . 

.  261 

Clang's 

172 

Methylated  spirit 

.  400 

black  currant 

191 

Mialhe's  dentifrice 

.  259 

and  ipecace    . 

191 

chalybeate  water  . 

.  209 

cough 

191 

ioduretted  water 

.  209 

digestive 

191 

Mice  and  rat  poison    . 

.  433 

Edinburgh    . 

191 

Microscope,  formuUe  for 

.  401 

fruit 

191 

Milk  of  cucumbers 

.  231 

marshmallow 

191 

of  houseleek 

.  232 

peppermint 

191 

condensed 

.  402 

Lubricating  compounds 

398 

of  roses 

.  231 

Lucifer  matches 

400 

preserved 

.  403 

Luminous  phials  . 

398 

Mineral  green  . 

.  426 

Lute's,  various 

333 

waters 

203—209 

Lynch's  embrooation 

193 

chameleon 

.  335 

Mistura  odorata 

.  222 

Macassar  oil 

250 

Modelling,  clay  for 

.  402 

McDougal's  disinfecting  powder 

343 

Molir's  lute  for  retorts 

.  334 

Madden's  essence  . 

192 

Moiree  metallique 

.  402 

Magnesia  fluid 

192 

Monlein's  balls  for  baths 

.  192 

Magnosian  aperient 

193 

Mont  d'Or  Water 

.  209 

Maliomed's  electuary  . 

192 

Mordants,  alum  . 

.        .  347 

Mahy's  plaster    . 

192 

tin 

.347 

Maissiatt's  cement 

332 

Morphia  collodion 

.  193 

Manures,  artificial 

398 

Morrison's  paste 

.  193 

Maredant's  Norton's  drops 

192 

pills      . 

.  193 

Marble,  to  clean 

399 

Morveau's  flux     . 

.  356 

to  stain . 

399 

Moseley's  pills 

.  193 

Marieubad  water 

205 

Moss,  Australian 

.  282 

Marine  glue 

374 

Ceylon  . 

.  281 

soap 

441 

Iceland 

.  281 

Marking  ink  for  linen 

388 

Irish 

.  281 

without  preparation     . 

389 

Moulds,  electrotype 

.  350 

MarnKn'atum 

268 

Mouth  cosmetics 

256.  264 

Marmalade 

278 

Moxon's  niagnesian  aperient     .  193 

Marsden's  drops 

192 

Munro's  cough  medicine 

.  193 

Marsh's  dahlia  test 

450 

Mucilage  for  minerals 

.  330 

Marshall's  cerate 

192 

Multuiu 

.  403 

eye-drops 

192 

Miu'iatic  acid 

.  307 

51  arrow  oil   . 

250 

Muriate  of  tin 

.  347 

pomatum 

246 

Murray's  fluid  magnesia 

.  193,  204 

Mastic  varnish 

436 

camphor 

.  193 

Matches,  lucifer,  &c. 

400 

gout  specific 

.  193 

Mathieu's  vermifuge  . 

192 

Mus  iroom  catsup 

.  298 

Maury's  tooth-powder 

259 

Mustard  for  the  table 

.  298 

Measures,  tables  of     . 

470 

French  . 

.  298 

Meat  biscuit 

287 

leaves 

.  194 

extract  of    . 

287 

tissue    .              • 

.  194 

INDEX. 


497 


PAGE 

PA  OK 

AJyrrh  dentifrice 

.  359 

Orangeade  powder 

.  275 

tincture,  odoriferous 

.263 

Orange  chrome 

.  425 

Orange  jniec,  factitious 

.        .  272 

Nankekn  dye 

.  846 

marmalade 

.  278 

Naples  water 

.  208 

Orfila's  hair-dye  . 

.  252 

Yellow   . 

.  425 

Or-niolu 

.  311 

Neligan's,  Dr.,  pills 

.  166 

Ormskirk  medicine 

.  194 

Nelson's  gelatine 

.  3G8 

Ostermaier's  cement    . 

.  267 

Neural  ine 

.  194 

Oxygen  gas 

.  368 

Nepenthe 

.  194 

Oxygenated  water 

.  407 

Neutralizing  proportions,  table  of  481 

Ozone   . 

.  368 

New-mown  hay  . 

.  216 

Nipples,  lotion  for 

.  189 

Palamoud  . 

.  284 

Nitrite  of  baryta 

.  403 

Palm  oil,  to  bleach 

.  405 

of  silver 

.  403 

Palmer's  tooth-powder 

.  259 

stroutian 

.  404 

aerated  clialybeate 

.  ]9t. 

of  potash 

.  404 

vitaioboraut 

.  285 

Nitrogen  gas 

.  867 

Panada 

.  280 

protoxide  of 

.  367 

Paper,  Brazil,  cabbage,  8 

ic.        .  447 

Nitro-prusside  of  sodi\ira 

.  404 

copying 

.  407 

Norris's  drops 

.  194 

tire-proofing  for    . 

.  408 

Noultler's  worm  medicine 

.  194 

hydrographic 

.  407 

Novargent    . 

.  404 

tests,  various 

.  449 

lithographic  . 

.  407 

Odontalgic  tinctures 

.  264 

pHrchment 

.  408 

elixir     . 

.  263 

paste 

.  408 

Odoriferous  tincture  of  m 

yrrh   .  262 

photographic 

.  403 

lavender  water 

.        .  211 

tracing 

.  408 

Oil,  boiled  and  di-ying 

.  343 

iridescent 

.  4"8 

furniture 

.  363 

waxed 

.  408 

Macassar 

.  250 

Papier  epispastique     . 

.  194 

marrow 

.  250 

Fayard 

.  19s 

Oils  of  ambergris,  musk. 

&c.      .  249 

mache   . 

.  409 

roses,  violets,  &c. 

.  248 

Papyriue 

.  40S 

perfumed,  various 

.  248 

Paraguay-roux 

.  265 

for  the  hair   . 

.  248 

Paraffin 

.  409 

to  purify 

.  404 

Parfuni  des  rois 

.  216 

to  bleach 

,  404 

Passy  water 

.  209 

for  machinery 

.  400 

Paste,  almond 

.  234 

Carron 

.       .  171 

flour 

.  833 

Darby's  . 

.    88 

furniture 

.  363 

nine 

.    88 

honey 

.  235 

Ointments,  Bailey's    . 

.  167 

Regnauld's 

.  197 

Batenum's     . 

.  168 

Swediaur's    . 

.  172 

Edinburgh 

.  179 

tooth,  various 

.  261 

golden 

.        .  185 

for  toothaclie 

.  265 

Plunket's 

.  196 

Ward's      . 

.  201 

Smellome's  . 

.  198 

for  cleaning  lirass 

.  409 

Oleine 

.  407 

for  razors 

.  410 

OlUvicr's  biscuits 

.  194 

blacking 

.  320 

Opodeldoc     . 

.  194 

Pastils  for  burning 

.  22  s 

Orangeade 

.  274 

for  the  mouth 

.  229 

aerated  . 

.  274 

Piite  divine  de  Venus 

.  232 

32 


498 


INDEX. 


■  PAGE 

Payne's  preparation  for  wood  .  410  ] 

Pearl  dentifrice           .  .  259  - 

white           .               ,  .  237 

Pease  powder               .  .  295 

Pelletier's  quinine  dentifrice  .  259 

odontine               .  .  261 

Pensioner,  Chelsea            .  .  171 

Percussion  caps          .  .  410 

Peristaltic  persuaders        .  .  188 

Perfumes,  various      .  211 — 230 

acetic            .               .  .  224 

ammoniated          .  .  223 

Persian  insect  powder        .  .  195 

Peruvian  lip-salve       .  .  236 

Peter's  pills         .               .  .  195 

Pettenkofer's  test        .  .  453 

Pharaoh's  serpents             .  .  410 

non-poisonous      .  .  410 

Philanthrope  muophobon  .  .  434 

Phosphorescent  oil      .  .  410 

Phosphoric  acid  .               .  .  308 

Phosphorus,  Baldwin's  .  316 

Canton's                .  .  328 

matches        .               .  .  411 

bottles                   .  .  411 

paste             .                .  ■  411 

*Photography  .         411—421 

Phosphuretted  hydrogen  .  367 

Pickles,  various  .         300—303 

Pickled  beet        .               .  .  300 

cabbage,  cucumber,  &c.,  300, 301 

mangoes  and  mushrooms  .  301 

nasturtiums  and  onions  .  30S 

walnuts                 .  .  302 

piccalilli        .               .  .  302 

Pickle  for  pork,  &c.     .  .  303 

Pigments,  various               .  .  422 

vegetable               .  .  422 

mineral,  blue,  &c.  .  424 

Piles,  remedies  for              .  .  195 

Pills,  Abernethy's       .  .  164 

Anderson's    .               .  .164 

aperient                .  .  165 

antibilious     .               .  .  165 

Bacher's                .  .  167 

Bailhe's         .               .  .167 

Baillie's  dinner     .  .167 

Barclay's       .               .  .  167 

Bath      .                .  .168 

Beddoe's       .               .  .  168 


Pills,  Belloste's 

Chamberlayne's 

chamomile 

digestive 

dinner    . 

Dixon's 

Fairthorn's 

I'othergill's  . 

Halford's,  Sir  H. 

Hamilton's   . 

Hooper's 

James's  analeptic 

Johnson's     . 

Kitchener's  . 

Lartigue's    . 

Lee's 

Lynn's 

Morrison's 

Moseley's 

quinine  and  camphor 

Reece's  chirayta 

Robinson's 

Smith's  (Hugh) 

Speediman'S 

Vance's 

Ward's  red 

Whitehead's 

covering  for 
Pivots  for  teeth 
Plasma . 
Plaster,  Baynton'i 

court 

isinglass 

Liston's 

Mahy's  . 
Plate  powder 

for  boiling 
Plates,  Daguerreotype 
Platina,  black 

chlorides 

sponge 
Platinated  asTiestos 
Platinized  silver 
Plumbe's  farinaceous  food 
Plunket's  ointment 
Poison  for  l)eetles 

for  bugs 

for  rats  and  mice 
Polish,  French 

furniture 


*  Pages  411  to  421  include  directions  for  the  preparation  of  the  various 
chemicals,  solutions,  papers,  &c.,  employed  in  this  art. 


INDEX. 


499 


Polishing  powder 
Pomades  for  baldness 
Pomatum,  common 

coloured,  &c. 

crystalline 

cucumber 

marrow  . 

liard  or  roll  . 

rose,  &c. 
Pommade  contre  I'alop^cie 

castor  oil 

castor  oil  and  glycerine 

Cattell's,  Dr. 

Cazenave's   . 

coUaute. 

d'Hfebe 

divine     . 

Dupuytren's 

for  beautifying  hair 

for  colouring  liair 

for  the  skin 

de  beauty 

de  Ninon,  &c. 
Pot-pourri 
Potash,  carbonate 
Pop,  imperial 
Portland's  powder 
Potato-disease,  remedies  for 
Poudre  clarifiaute 

metallique    . 

h  la  mousseline    . 

de  Chypre,  &c. 
Pounce  for  parchment 

marking  ink 
Powder,  almond 

baking 

filtering 

fulminating  . 

ginger-beer 

gun 

hair 

liand 

lemonade 

orangeade     . 

spruce-beer 

soda 

soup 

Seidlitz 

for  rals,  &e. 

plate 
Powders  for  the  teeth 
Powrll's. balsam  , 
Preserving  animals     . 


196 


PAGE 

429 
341 
245 
241 
247 
233 
246 
247 
246 
243 
247 
247 
242 
243 
351 
233 
234 
241 
246 
254 
333 
232 
233 
226 
429 
271 
196 
429 
430 
268 
227 
227 
430 
388 
335 
167 
352 
359 
272 
376 
241 
236 
274 
275 
376 
275 
295 
198 
433 
428 
256 
196 
»14,  446 


PAGE 

Prince  of  Wales's  food  .        .  285 

Prometheans               .  .  400 

Prussiate  of  potash  .        .  430 

red  .  .  430 

Prussian  blue      .  .        .  431 

soluble   .  .  431 

TurnbuU's  .        .  431 

Piilhia  water              .  .  205 

salts             .  .        .  205 

Purging  drink.  Dr.  Young's       .  202 

Purple  of  Cassius  .        .  431 

Puscher's  indelible  ink  .  386 

Pyrraout  water   .  .        .  209 

Pyro-acetic  spirit        .  .  431 

Pyrogallic  acid    .  .        .  308 

Pyroligneous  acid        .  .  431 

Pyro.vylic  spirit  .  .        .  431 

Pyrophorus  .               .  .  433 

QuEKN  of  Hungary's  water  196,  213 

Quillai  bark        .  .        .  248 

Quin  sauce  .               .  .  299 

Quinine  dentifrice  .        .  259 

wine      .               .  .  174 

and  camphor  pills  .        .  196 

Racahout  des  Arabes  .  284 

Radcliffe's  elixir  .        .  196 

Ragout  spice               .  .  394 

Riispberry  vinegar  .        .  277 

syrup,  acid  .  277 

Raspail's  cigarettes  \        .196 

Rat  poisons  .                .  .  433 

without  arsenic  .        .  434 

Redwood's  marking  ink  .  389 

depilatory     .  .        .  255 

Recce's  chirayta  pills  .  197 

Regnauld's  dentifrice  .        .  259 

pectoral  paste      .  .  197 

Rennet                 .  .        .435 

liquid    .               ,  .  435 

wine             .  .        .  291 

Reynolds'  gout  specific  .  197 

Revalenta            .  .        .  285 

Rhatany  tooth-powder  .  260 

Rice  cake             .  .        .  289 

Riga  balsam                 .  .197 

Righini's  tooth-powder  .        .  260 

Rigollot's  mustard  leaves  .  197 

Robinson's  pills  .        .  197 

tooth-cement         .  .  267 

Roolie's  embrocation  .  .  197 
Riige's  magnesian  purgative       .  197 


500 

JKDEX. 

PAGE  , 

PAGE 

Rose  lip-salve 

.  236 

Scouring  drops    . 

.436 

tooth-powder 

.  260 

Sea  water    . 

207,  315 

pink 

.  424 

salts  for 

.  207 

soap 

.  238 

Sealing-wax 

.  436 

tooth-paste  . 

.  261 

Seidlitz  water 

.  206 

M'ater    . 

210,  223 

salts      . 

.  206 

Rosemary  tooth-paste 

.  261 

powders 

198,  206 

Rouge 

.  237 

Seidschutz  water 

.  200 

.iewellers'     . 

.  428 

Seltzer  water 

.  206 

Rousseau's  drops 

.  197 

Semolina 

.  285 

Ruspini's  tincture 

.  264 

Shaving  liquid    . 

.  240 

tooth-powder 

,  260 

paste     . 

.  240 

styptic 

.  197 

powder 

.240 

Russian  tooth-powder 

.  260 

Shampoo  liquor 

.  244 

Rust's  toothache  pill 

.  266 

Shell-lac 

.  895 

Rust,  to  romove  and  prevc 

it      .  435 

to  bleach 

.  896 

Ryan's  essence  of  coltsfoot 

.  197 

cement 

.  329 

Rymer's  tincture 

.  197 

Sherbet 

.  274 

powders 

.  275 

Sachets 

.  22fi 

Siemmerling's  cosmetic 

.  232 

Sago,  to  prepare 

.  279 

Sihca  cement 

.  267 

milk 

.  280 

Silk-cleaner 

.  438 

posset 

.  280 

Silver,  to  clean    . 

.  438 

Salep    . 

.  282 

fulminating 

.  360 

Saline  solutions 

.  443 

oxidized 

.  439 

tooth-paste  . 

.  261 

to  purity  and  reduce 

.  439 

waters   . 

204,  209 

tree 

.  453 

powders,  Stevens' 

.  173 

Silvering 

.  439 

Salts,  Clieltenham 

.  171 

glass 

.  873 

Harrogate    . 

.  186 

powder,  &c. 

.  438 

Marienbad 

.  205 

Singer's  cement 

.  330 

PuUna 

.  205 

Si)igleton's  ointment 

.  198 

Seidlitz 

.  206 

Sirop  d'orgeat     . 

.  277 

smelling 

.  224 

Size,  oil,  &c. 

.  440 

Vichy    . 

.  207 

Skeleton  leaves   . 

.  440 

Sanitas 

.  343 

Skin  cosmetics 

.  231 

Sap  green     . 

.  424 

Smalts 

.  424 

Sauce,  anchovy 

.  298 

Smelling  salts 

.  224 

Epicurean 

.  299 

Smellome's  eye-salve 

.  198 

Quill 

.  299 

Smith's  (Hugh)  pills    . 

.  199 

superlative 

.  299 

Smoking  fluid     . 

.  440 

Waterloo 

.  299 

Snuff,  cephalic 

.  171 

Saunders'  dentifrice    . 

.  260 

Soap     . 

.  440 

Savon  au  bouquet 

.  238 

arsenical 

.  416 

Savonettes    . 

.  239 

marine 

.  441 

Savoury  spices    . 

.  294 

powder 

.  240 

Scent  bags   . 

.  226 

paste 

.  240 

balls 

.  227 

toilet,  scented,  variou 

3        .  238 

for  pomatums 

.  222 

lloating 

.  239 

)owders 
for  snuif 

.  227 

transparent 

.  239 

,  222 

Windsor 

.  238 

Scented  soaps 

.  238 

Soda,  hyposulphite  of . 

.  441 

Scott's  plaster 

.  198 

powders 

.  198,  275 

INDEX. 


501 


PACK 

Soft  cement . 

.  332 

Si>lders,  various  . 

.  311 

SoloiUDu's  Inilm  of  Gilcad 

.  199 

Solvents  for  i^uttrt  perclia 

.  442 

india  rubber 

.  441 

corns 

.        .  17S 

old  ])utty 

.  442 

silver 

.  443 

Soluble  glass 

370,  442 

cayenne 

.  295 

Solution  of  copaiva 

.  199 

for  electro-plating 

.  442 

Gannal's 

.  313 

for  soldering 

.  443 

for  voltaic  battery 

.  442 

for  water-batlis 

.  443 

Soubciran's  tooth-cement 

.  267 

Soup  for  children 

.        .  287 

Soup-powder 

.  295 

Soy 

.  299 

Specific  gravities 

.  474 

Speediman's  pills 

.  199 

Spices,  mived 

.  294 

ragout 

.  294 

savoury . 

.  294 

sausage 

.  294 

essences  of 

.  296 

Spiced  vinegar     . 

.  300 

Spilsbury's  drops 

.  199 

Spirit  of  nitric  ether 

.  443 

savoury  spices 

.  296 

soup  herbs    . 

.  297 

Spirits,  perfumed        .  212 

,  223,  225 

Sponge,  blanciied 

.  443 

Spruce  beer  . 

.  276 

Squire's  elixir     . 

199 

Stains,  to  remove 

.  444 

Standerl's  mixture 

.  199 

stomachic  candy  . 

.  199 

Starch  .               .     '          . 

.  444 

potato,  &c. 

.  -144 

Steam-pipe  cement 

.  331 

Stearic  acid  . 

.  445 

Stecdinan's  Soothing  I'owd 

ers   .  199 

Steer's  opodeldoc 

.  200 

Stiffening  for  the  hair 

.  251 

Stopping  for  teeth 

.  266 

Storey's  worm  cakes 

.  200 

Storm-glass . 

.  445 

Stoughton's  elixir 

.  200 

Strawberry  syrup 

.  277 

spirit 

.  217 

water    . 

.  210 

Stufling  birds,  kc. 

PAOE 

.  446 

Styptic,  Brocchien's  . 

.  170 

Eaton's 

.  179 

Ilelvetius' 

.  186 

Styrol  . 

.  446 

Struve's  lotion 

.  200 

Sugar  resin 

.  446 

Sulphide 

.  446 

Sulphite  of  copjicr 

.  4-46 

Sulphocyanide  of  ammoniu.n 

.  446 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen 

.  367 

waters   . 

.  207 

Swaim's  vermifuge 

200 

Sydenham's  laudanum 

.  200 

Syrup  of  almonds 

.  277 

capiUaire 

.  276 

limoniated 

.  277 

milk 

447 

pine-apple    . 

277 

raspberries 

.  277 

strawberries 

277 

Syrups     for    flavouring    offer 

vescing  draughts 

276 

Table  of  weights  and  measures 

467 

foreign  weights,  &c. 

469 

chemical  equivalents   . 

476 

Taffetas  vesicant 

169 

Taniara 

294 

Tannin 

309 

mouth  lotion 

262 

Tanjore  pills 

200 

Tapioca 

279 

milk 

280 

pudding 

280 

Taveare's  tooth-cement 

267 

Teeth  cosmetics  . 

256 

stopping  for 

266 

Tem|ierature,  effects  of 

473 

Terpine 

447 

Test  papers 

447 

solutions 

448 

Clark's,  for  water 

450 

llalmeniann's  wine 

451 

Pcttenkofer's,  for  bile. 

453 

Trommer's 

451 

Thibaut's  iialsam 

200 

Tin,  solutions  of 

347 

mordants 

347 

tree 

453 

Tincture  of  amhergria 

218 

civet 

218 

red  cabbage  . 

419 

502 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Tinctv.re  balsam  of  Peru 

.     .  218 

Varnish,  india  rubber 

.  458 

p.iUs 

.  449 

for  hotbeds 

.  45S 

litiims    . 

.  449 

sealing-wax  . 

.  458 

imi?k  seed    . 

.  218 

hair 

.  459 

musk     . 

.  318 

coloured 

.  458 

iiiynli,  odoriCerous 

.  2G2 

colourless,  for  photog 

■aphs  455 

borateil 

.  2G2 

glass 

.  459 

•     patchouli 

.  219 

Japan 

.  458 

of  ai-omutic  quinine 

.  200 

for  gun  barrels     . 

.  459 

of  rhodium   . 

.  218 

Varnishes 

454—459 

of  vanilla 

.  218 

spirits    . 

.  455 

vetiver 

.  318 

(lacquers) 

.  456 

Tinctures,  oulinary 

295,  396 

essence  . 

.  457 

for  the  teeth 

.  262 

oil 

.  451 

l)erfunied. 

.  218 

Vegetable  extract  for  the  1 

air    .  250 

test 

.  448 

gluten 

.  375 

Tissot's  piugative 

.  200 

Venlo's  syrup 

.  201 

Tissue,  bUstoriug 

.  1G9 

Verditer 

.  424 

Tobacco  water 

.  453 

Vermifuge,  Matthieu's 

.  193 

Toilet  vines^ar      . 

.  225 

Nouffleur's    . 

.  194 

Tooth  powders 

.  256 

Swaim's 

.  200 

pastes 

.  260 

Vichy  water 

.  2u6 

tinctures 

.  262 

salts       . 

.  207 

Toothache  remedies 

.        .  265 

Victoria  perfume 

.  216 

Touch  piper 

.  453 

Vinaigre  de  Bully 

.  225 

Tous  k's  mois 

.  279 

de  Cologne,  &:c. 

.  225 

Trade  chemicals 

.  309 

de  quatre  voleiu's . 

.  225 

Transparent  soap 

.  339 

Vinegar  (wine,  malt,  &c.) 

.  459 

Treacle  beer 

.  276 

wood 

.  431 

Trees,  metallic    . 

.  453 

curry 

.  297 

Trophazome  . 

.  287 

camp 

.  297 

Trousseau's  chalybeate 

.  209 

garlic,  shallot,  &c. 

.  297 

Turlington's  balsam     . 

.  200 

raspberry 

.  297 

Turner's  cement . 

.  331 

spiced 

.  300 

Turpentine,  oil  of 

.  454 

Tarragon,  &c. 

.  297 

;is  a  solvent  . 

.  441 

carbolic 

.  460 

Venice  . 

.  454 

Vinegars,  culinary 

.  297 

Tyre,  essence  of , 

.253 

perfumed 

224,  225 

Vinous  preparations,  Dr.  1 

ane's  182 

Unfeemented  bread 

.  288 

Violet  tooth-powder 

.  260 

Urn-powder 

.  454 

Violets,  essence  of 

022 

Vogler's  pill  for  toothache 

'.  266 

Valangin's  mineral  soh 

ent     .  201 

Vrilliere's  mouth-vvash 

.  264 

Vance's  pills 

.  165 

Vanilla,  essence  of 

.  218 

Wacaka  des  Indes 

.  284 

tooth-paste  . 

.  261 

■\Vafers,  gelatin 

.  460 

Varnish,  amber 

455,  459 

Walnut  catsup     . 

.  298 

Bessemer's  . 

.  458 

Warburg's  fever  tincture 

.  201 

copal 

.  455 

Ward's  dropsy  powder 

.  201 

cabinet 

.         .  457 

essence  for  lieadaclie 

.  201 

Canada . 

.  456 

paste 

.  201 

Lc  Blond's   . 

.  458 

red  pill  . 

.  201 

Macintosh's 

.  458 

sweating  powder 

.  203 

INDEX. 


503 


304 


Ward's  wasliing  pewder 

wliite  drops  . 

white  oils 
Walker's  Jesuits'  drops 
Warner's  cordial 
Warreu's  hair  dye 
Warts,  to  cure 
Warwick's  powders 
Wash  powder,  fur  the  hands 

balls      . 

carbolic 
Washes  for  the  hair    . 

for  vermin  in  plants 
Washing  powders 

liquids   . 
Water,  hard,  to  soften 
Waters,  mineral 

aerated 

chalybeate 

distilled  (perfumed) 

saline,  &c. 

perfumed 

spirituous  (perfumed) 
Water-bath,  solutions  for 
Waterloo  sauce    . 
Waterproofing  compounds 
Wax,  to  bleach    . 

sealing 

modelling 
Waxed  paper 
Webster's  diet  drink    . 

(Lady)  pills 
Weights  and  measures,  tables 

of  . 
Welding  composition 
Wheat,  steep  for 


PAGE 

.  461 

.  201 

.    87 

.  201 

.  203 

.  253 

.  202 

.  203 

.  236 

.  239 

.  251 

.  250 

.  461 

.  461 

461 

461 

309 

204 

208 

210 

307 

210 

211 

443 

299 

461 

463 

486 

462 

408 

203 

303 


PAGE 

Wliey  .  .        .  278 

powder  .  .  277 

Whitelaw's  tinct.  of  lobelin        .  203 

Whitehead's  essence  of  mustard  202 


467-4' 


/a 
463 
463 


pills 

.  203 

White  flux    . 

.  356 

bismuth 

.  237 

zinc 

.  427 

lead 

.  427 

antimony 

.  427 

Wilson's  gout  tincture 

.  302 

lotion  for  baldness 

.  24;3 

Windsor  soap 

.  238 

Wyndham's  pills 

.  189 

Wine  of  shallots  . 

.  297 

quinine 

.  174 

Wines,  Lane's  medicated 

.  183 

Wirth's  tooth -cement . 

.  368 

Wisdom's  eye-water 

.  203 

Withering's  cosmetic  . 

333 

Wright's  pearl  ointment 

'.  203 

Writing  fluids,  see  Inks 

.  379 

Wood,  to  stain    . 

.  463 

Worm  lozenges,  Ching's 

.  173 

Storey's 

.  200 

Yeast,  artificial 

.  464 

German 

.  464 

Young's  purging  diink 

.  203 

Zinc,  ammonio-chloride 

.  464 

amalgamated 

.  461 

oxide 

.  465 

platinized 

.  465 

purified 

.  465 

1  A"  D  E  X 


TO    THE 

VETERINARY  FORMULARY. 


[Tiir.  Vetekinak-v  Mateeta  Medica  being  alpluibetically  arranged,  it  is 
not  considered  necessary  to  include  tlie  Drugs,  whose  uses  and  doses 
are  tliere  stated,  in  tliis  Index. 

Abbreviations  employed  in  tbis  list : — c,  Cattle  ;  s.  Sheep  ;  d.  Dogs  ; 
stv,  Swine.    Tiie  Horse  Medicines  have  no  mark  of  distinction.] 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Absorbent  Powders 

.    63 

Balls,  for  horses 

44—66 

Administration  of  Ijalls 

.    44 

for  dogs 

148-156 

^^■{yptiacuni 

.    97 

alterative 

45,  d.  149 

Aloes,  solution  of 

.   to 

alt.  tonic 

.    58 

balls 

.     55 

anodyne 

.     59 

Alteratives 

3,45 

antimonial 

45,  51 

Alterative  balls 

.    45 

antispasmodic 

.    59 

drenches 

.    siv.  IIG 

for  appetite 

.     59 

powders 

.    63 

astringent      . 

46,  d.  149 

Alum,  solution  of 

.    97 

chewing 

.    60 

moutb-wasli 

.    9-2 

common  mass  for 

.     45 

collyrium 

.    96 

cordial    . 

.    49 

whey 

.  124 

cough 

47,  d.  158 

Anodyne  ball 

.     59 

diuretic 

.     50 

dVench 

.    79 

diaphoretic    . 

.     59 

fomentation  . 

.     95 

for  distemper 

d.  150 

])oultice 

.    98 

farcy 

.     52 

tincture 

.    80 

fever 

.    51 

Antimonial  lialls 

45, 

48,51 

for  fits 

.      d.l52 

Antiseptic  drench 

.78 

glanders 

.    52 

Antispasmodic  balls 

.     59 

grease 

.       54,  60 

drenches 

69, 

c.  117 

liydrophobia 

54,  d.  155 

Appetite,  balls  for 

.    60 

inllam.  of  lungs    . 

.    48 

Apoplexy 

.  139 

inllammatory  disorders       d.  152 

Aromatic  powder 

.    63 

iodine 

.    59 

Arsenical  powder 

.     65 

for  jaundice 

.     54 

balls 

.     53 

laxative 

.     56 

Astringent  balls 

46, 

d.  149 

Leicester  red 

.    £9 

drenches   . 

c.  120 

mere,  allcrative 

.    45 

electuaries    . 

.    62 

mixed    . 

.    49 

glyster  . 

.     82 

miscellaneous 

.     59 

lotions 

.90 

(/.  1 56 

mode  of  administering 

.    44 

paste      . 

.  109 

nauseating    . 

.     56 

ponders           111 

c.  135, 

s.  142 

parturifacient 

,/.  155 

caustics 

s.  114 

physic  or  purging 

.  64 

INDEX. 


505 


btMniacliic 

Ionic,  mineral 

tonic,  \  egetiibic 

tonic,  diuretic 

St.  Vitus's  dance 

worm 

zinc  and  valerian 

Barley  water 

Basilicon 

Bites  of  vipers 

Black  oils 

Biain  in  tlie  moutli 

Blanche  water 

Bleeding,  8  ;  to  stop 

Blistcrinir    . 

Blistering  lijiiments 
ointments 

Blown  or  blast    . 

Bran  mash    . 

Bra.\y    . 

Bog  spavin    . 

Bronchitis,  balls  for 

Bruises,  lotions  for 


d. 
,d. 


.  161 
.  60 
.  50 
.  57 
.  57 
.  51 
155 
153 
.  60 
.  67 
.  103 

.  c.  12-t 
.  87 

.  c.   130 

.  67 

.  134 

.  100 

.  83 

100,  c.  138 

c.  117,  s.  132 

.  68 

.  139 

.  85 

.  48 

c.   129 


95, 


Calves,  medicines  for       .        .  127 

cordial,  &c.  .  .  128 

Canker  liniment  .        .    86 

Canquoin's  cuustic      .  .    94 

Cantharades  ball  .      11,  52 

drench  .  .    76 

liniments      .  .        .     83 

oil  of     .  .  84,  86 

ointments     .  .        .  100 

tincture  rompotind  .     97 

Carminative  drenches, 

GO,  c.  118,  w.  146 

glyster  .  .  .82 

tincture        .  .        .    80 

Cataplasms,  see  Poultices. 

Catechu  lotion,  92  ;  tincture      .     97 

Cattle  medicines,  various     113 — 135 

drenches       .  . 113 — 124 

powders  .  .  124 

outward  applications    129 — 135 

plague,  medicines  for  .  125 

Caustics,  Canquoin's  &  Fillio's  .     94 

Caustic,  Duville's  .         .  144 

for  farcy  buds  and  poll  evil     94 

f(ir  foot-rot  .      s.  144 

liquid,  93  ;  solid  .     94 

Charcoal  poultice  .        .    98 


Oiarges        .  .       110, 

Chewing  balls 
Chloride  of  lime  lotion 

poultice 
Citrine  ointment 
Clark's  physic  balls 

conglutinuni 

embrocation 

-otion     . 
Cleansing  drencli 
Clysters,  «?  Clysters. 
Colehicura  drench 
Colic  drenches 

tincture 
Collyria 
Common  ball-mass 

poultice 
Composition  for  sand-cracks 
!  Condition  powders  64, 

Confections,  see  Electuaries. 
Conglutinum 
Convulsions 
Cooling  dunks 
1  Cordial  balls 

diuretic  balls 

drenches 

calves'    . 

electuaries    . 
Cough  balls  . 

electuaries 
Cow  spice     . 
Cow-pock,  lotion  for 
Cracked  heels,  ointment 
Creasote  ointment 

liniment 
Ciopsick  poultry 
Croton  balls 


r.\r;K 
c.  i:!4 
.  00 
.  92 
.  99 
.  107 
.  55 
.  97 
.  89 
.  89 
c.  116 

.  74 
70,71 
.  80 
c.  131 
.  45 
.  98 
.  110 
c.  124 


97 

i.  151,  ducks  163 

.    08 

.    49 

.     50 

71,  c.  118 

.  128 

.    61 

.    47 

.     61 

.  124 

129 

103 

107 

80 

162 


drenches 
electuary 
liniment,  131 


10, 


16,  75,  c. 
tincture 


Oakby's  oils 

Decoction  of  linseed  (compound) 

Demulcent  drinks 

electuary 
Deobstnient  drenches 
Detergent  liniments 

lotions 

ointments  .      101, 

powders 
Diabetes,  drench  for 
Diapente 
Diajihoretie  ball 


114 
62 

80 

88 
68 
67 
61 
76 
86 
91 
133 
111 
09 
65 
CO 


506 


INDEX. 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Diarrlia3a,  balls  (astringent)  for 

Drenches  for  diarrhcea 

68,  c.  130 

46,  i.  149 

for  diarrhoea  in  lambs 

138 

(lienclies      .      68,  c 

120,  s.  1S8 

diuretic 

73,  c.  123 

Di^'estive  ointment 

101,  c.  134 

di-opsy  . 

.    73 

Diuixtic  balls 

.    50 

drying 

.       c.  123 

cordial  balls 

.    49 

for  dysentery 

68,  i.  139 

drenclics 

71,  c.  124 

emollient 

.        .    71 

electuary 

.     62 

for  epidemics 

c.  125 

Divine  stone" 

.    96 

expectorant 

.      c.  120 

Dogs,  medicines  for 

.  148 

farcy 

.    74 

alterative  balls,  &c. 

.  149 

fever 

74,  c.  114 

canker  in  ear 

.  156 

glanders 

.    74 

clysters 

.  160 

hoose,  in  calves 

.  128 

distemper     . 

.  150 

linven     . 

c.  117 

dropsy   . 

.  155 

inflammation  of  liver 

.      c.  115 

emetic  powders 

.  152 

influenza 

73,  s.  140 

enlarged  glands    . 

.  155 

iodine 

.        .    79 

epilepsy,  or  tits 

.  152 

laxative 

74,  £•.  113 

eye-water 

.  157 

locked  jaw  . 

c.  117 

fits 

.  152 

murrain 

c.  122 

liydropliobia 

.  155 

parturifacient 

.    78 

iiiUamniatory  disorders        .  152 

pectoral 

71,  c.  120 

lotions,  various    . 

.  156 

for  poisoning  by  yew 

.    78 

mange,  washes,  &c. 

.  158 

purging 

75,  c.  113 

ointments 

.  158 

for  red  water 

.      c.  119 

piles 

.  158 

rheumatism 

c.  117 

purging  balls 

.  148 

stomach  staggers 

.    75 

rheumatism 

.  153 

strangury 

c.  117 

scirrhous  tumours 

.  159 

tonic 

.        .    76 

St.  Vitus's  dance 

.  165 

tonic  febrifuge    . 

c.  115 

worms   . 

.  154 

worm             .         77, 

calves  128 

yellows 

.  154 

yellow,  or  jaundice 

c.  116 

Drenches       .          68, 79 

c.  113,  124 

Driftield  oils 

.       c.  133 

alum 

.      c.  124 

Drying  drench 

c.  123 

anodyne 

.    79 

Dysentery 

.    68, 139 

antiseptic 

.      c.  117 

antispasmodic 

.    69 

Eak,  canker  of    . 

.     d.  156 

astringent     . 

.    68 

sore 

sw.  147 

for  bites  of  vipers 

c.  124 

Eggs,  to  promote  laying 

.  163 

blown  or  hoveu      c 

117,  «.  138 

Electuaries  . 

.     61 

bloody  urine 

c.  118 

Electuary,  cough  and  laxative 

for  calves,  various 

127,  128 

61,  63 

carminative     69,  c. 

118,  sw.  147 

cordial 

.     61 

for  cattle,  various 

.  113—127 

demulcent  and  pectoral     .    61 

for  catarrh 

72,  c.  120 

diaphoretic  . 

.    62 

lor  cleansing 

.        c.  116 

opiate    . 

.    61 

colic 

.    70 

purgative 

.    62 

cough 

72,  c.  120 

tonic  and  astringent 

.    63 

cordial  . 

71,  c.  118 

Embrocations 

88,  c.  131 

row-pox 

.       s.  138 

Clark's  . 

.    89 

demulcent 

.    67 

Enibrocatio  frigorifera 

.    89 

deobstruent 

.        .    76 

cxcitans 

.    89 

fur  diabetes 

.    68 

Embrocation,  cooling 

.    89 

INDEX. 


507 


.  153 

v3,  73 


PAGE 

EnilirncaUcn  crotoii  c.  131 

for  ijiirifet      .  .      r.  131 

iiuistard  .  .     88 

for   saddle-galls  and  wind- 
galls  .  .  ,89 
strains          .               .         .     88 

Emetics  for  dogs 

Emulsions 

Epidemic,  affecting  moutli  and 

feet  .  .  c.  121, «.  138 

malignant     .  .        .     77 

pleuro-pneumonia  c.  125 

Epilepsy  in  dogs  .        .  152 

Eiipliorbium  ointment  .  103 

tincture  of    .  .         .     97 

Exi)Cctorant  balls        .  47,  60 

External  applications,  see  Lo- 
tions, Liniments,  Ointments, 
&c, 

Eje-waters  .      95,  c.  131,  j;,  141 

ointments  .       103,  d.  157 

powders        .  .       s.  143 


Farcy  balls 

caustic  for 

drenclies 

lotions 

ointment 
I'attening  powder        c.  128,  siv. 
I'ebrifuge  tonic  drench      .       c. 
Fever  balls  . 

drenches  74,  c.  114,  ,5. 

powders 

medicines  for  swine    . 
Fleas 

Fly-powder 
Flu.v,  see  Diarrhoea. 
Fomentations      .  .        .    94 

Foot-and-mouth  disease  .  131 

Foot-rot  .  .       s.  144 

Formulse,  veterinary  44 — 163 

Foul  in  foot  .  c.  130,  134 

Foxglove  tincture        .  .    80 


52 

94 

74 

93 

104 

147 

115 

51 

137 

65 

146 

(/,159,  im.poullnj  163 
.      s.  143 


Gabget  ointment 

liniment 
Giddiness 
Glanders,  balls  for 

drenches 

poultry  . 
Glysters,  anodyne 

astringent 

carminative  . 


.     c.  133 
c.  131 

75,  poidiry  163 
,  53 
.  74 
.  161 
.  82 
.  83 
.    82 


Glysters,  diuretic 

for  gripes 

laxative 

nourishing    . 

worm     . 
Goulard  liniment 

ointment 

ponltiee 

water     . 
Grease,  balls  for  . 

lotions   . 

ointments 

poultice 
Gripe  tincture 

drenches 
Gruel    . 


PACK 

.  83 
.  83 
81,  c.  134 
.  83 
.  83 
.  86 
.  103 
.  99 
.  97 
.  54 
.  90 
.  103 
,  99 
.  80 
.  69 
.  67 


d. 


104 

158 
103 
60,  87,  103 
.  104 
.  54 
.  60 
.  104 


Haib,  to  restore 

Healing  ointment 

Heels,  scurfy  and  cracked 

greasy 
Hellebore  ointment 
Hepatitis,  balls  for 
Hind's  sweating  balls 
Hoof  ointment    . 
Hoose  .  c.  120,  calves  128 

Horse  spice         .  .        ,     63 

medicines  .  1 — 113 

Hoven,  drench  for  c.  117,  s.  138 

Hydrophobia,  remedies  for       59,  78 


Inflammation  of  lungs 

liver 
Inflammatory      disorders 
c.  128,  s.  139,  d.  153,  sxo. 
Influenza  .  c.  114, 

Infusion  of  foxglove   . 
Iodine  balls,  59;  drench     , 

liniment 

ointment       .  , 

tincture 
Iodide  of  mercury  ointment 
lodohydrargyrate  of  potasli 
Itching,  to  allay  . 


Jaundice,  balls  for,  54,  c.  116,  (/,  152 
Joint  wounds  .  c.  133 

Knee.s,  broken,  .  .  104,  109 

Lambs,  medicines  for  .  136 

cordial  ,  .         .  138 

Lapis  divinus  .  .    96 


48 

c. 

115 

48, 

147 

\:,S. 

138 

80 

79 

87 

C. 

133 

80 

105 

53 

d. 

157 

508 


IN1)EX. 


PAGE 

page 

Lapis,  mirabilis 

.      96 

Lotion,  fur  the  mouth  . 

.     92 

Laxative  balls 

45,  56 

nitric  acid     . 

.    92 

drenches 

c.  113,  117 

refrigerant 

.    S9 

clysters 

81 

,  c.  124 

for  stains      .    90,  c. 

129,  (/.  159 

electuaries    . 

.     62 

styptic  . 

.    92 

Leicester  red  balls 

.     59 

for  vermin    , 

92,  c.  130 

Lice,  ointment  for 

c.  132 

wounds  .         c.  130, 

poultry  163 

lotions  . 

c.  130 

yellow 

.        .    92 

Lininieuis,  various 

83-88 

Louse-wafer 

.    92 

Liniments  of  ammonia 

.    88 

Low,  ointment  for 

.      c.  134 

anodyne 

.    87 

Lungs,  inflammation  of 

.    48 

for  sore  backs 

.    85 

blistering 

.    83 

Madness,  canine 

.  155 

creasote 

.    86 

Materia  medica    . 

.       1-43 

caustic 

.    86 

Malignant  epidemics  . 

.    77 

detergent 

.     86 

Mallenders 

.  106 

Goulard 

.     86 

Malt  mash    . 

.    68 

for  grease 

.    87 

Mange,  lotions  for,  91,  c 

130.  d.  158 

iodine 

.    87 

liniments  and  oils  for 

.    85 

for  itching  humours 

.    85 

ointments      105,  c.  132,  sic.  147 

lime-water    . 

.    87 

Marshall's  oils 

.    88 

mange    . 

'87 

,  c.  132 

Marshmallow  ointment 

.  106 

mnvslimallow,  narco 

ic,  &c.    87 

liniment 

.    87 

saturnine 

.     87 

Mashes,  bran 

.    68 

for  sore  throats 

c.  132 

linseed  . 

.    68 

stimulating 

.    84 

malt 

.    68 

suppling 

.  110 

Masticatories 

60,  c.  124 

su  phate  of  copper 

.    97 

Meadow  sickness 

.       s.  139 

sweating 

.    83 

Medicated  provender  . 

.     66 

turpentine 

.    85 

Medicine  for  horses 

.    44—112 

verdigris 

.     97 

cattle 

113,  135 

Linseed  mash 

.    68 

for  cattle  plague 

.  125 

tea 

.    67 

sheep    . 

136,  145 

Liquid  blister 

.    83 

swine 

146—147 

caustics 

86 

,  c.  132 

dogs 

148—160 

suufF     . 

c.  132 

poultry,  &c. 

161—163 

Lockjaw,  drench  for 

c.  117 

Mercurial  balls 

45,  53,  54 

Lotions,  various,  69,  93,  r 

129 

d.  156 

alterative 

.    45 

Lotion,  astringent 

90, 

d.  156 

lotion     . 

.    91 

black 

.    92 

ointment 

.  106 

for  blain  in  mouth 

c.  130 

Mild  drinks 

.    67 

bruises                    c. 

129, 

,/.  159 

caustics 

.    93 

for  canker    . 

c.  129 

Mineral  tonics 

.    57 

catechu 

.    92 

Mixed  balls 

.    49 

clilorideof  lime 

. 

.     92 

Murrain  drinks 

c  122 

Clark's 

.    89 

Mustard  emljrocatiou 

.    88 

for  cow-pox 

f.  129 

poultice 

.    99 

detergent 

.    91 

Myrrh  and  aloes  tincturi 

.    80 

discutient 

89, 

c.  129 

farcy 

.    92, 

Nauskating  balls      . 

.     56 

fdul  in  foot  . 

c.  130 

Newmarket  oils 

.    88 

mange  .            91,  c. 

130, 

d.  158 

Ivinc  oils 

.    88 

mercurial  . 

.     91 

r<  it  re  balls    . 

.    51 

INDEX. 

500 

PAG?; 

PAGE 

Nitre  solution    . 

, 

.     81 

Pectoral  powder  . 

.      65 

powder 

63,64 

Physic  balls 
Pneumonia,  epizootic 

.     54 
.      c.  125 

Oils,  various 

86-88 

Poisoning  by  yew 

.    78 

black 

, 

.    87 

Poultices,  common 

.    98 

Darby's 

.     88 

anodyne 

.    98 

egg 

, 

.    87 

charcoal 

.    98 

tor  mange 

.    87 

chlorine,   cleansing. 

Jraw- 

Marshall's  nine,  Radley's 

.    88 

ing 

.      98,  99 

Stamford's,  Lord 

, 

.    88 

Goulard 

.    99 

Ward's  . 

.    87 

for  grease     . 

.    99 

white 

.    87 

mustard,  rubefacient 

.    99 

Ointments 

ioo. 

c.  132 

yeast 

.     98 

Ointment  for  blemished  knees 

.  104 

Poultry,  medicines  for . 

161-163 

blistering 

100 

c.  132 

outward  applications 

162,163 

for  canker 

.  108 

Powders,  absorbent     . 

.    63 

citrine  and  creasote 

, 

.  107 

alterative 

.63,r.  124 

detergent 

.  101 

aromatic 

.    63 

digestive 

. 

.  101 

arsenical       .               , 

.    65 

eye 

.  102 

bitter 

.     65 

eupliorbium  . 

, 

.  103 

condition 

64,  c.  124 

farcy     . 

104,  108 

fever 

.     65 

foot 

.  135 

farcy 

.    64 

;rease    . 

.  103 

Ity  in  sheep 

.  142 

lealing 

, 

d.  158 

for  grease     . 

.    63 

hellebore 

.  104 

pectoral 

.    65 

lioof 

.  104 

for  outward  use 

.  Ill 

iodine    . 

104, 

c.  133 

astringent    . 

.  Ill 

for  mallenders 

.  106 

detergent 

.  Ill 

mange   .        105,  c. 

132,  sxv.  147 

styptic  . 

.  112 

marshmallow 

.  106 

sneezing 

.  112 

mercurial 

i06 

,  s.  142 

Provender,  medicated 

.    66 

nitrate  of  silver 

.  157 

Purging  balls 

54,  (/.  148 

scab  or  shab 

s.  142 

drenches 

74,  c.  113 

simple 

, 

.  100 

electuaries    . 

.    62 

for  sore  backs 

.  107 

Purgatives  for  swine   . 

.  146 

for  sore  teats 

.    sw.  147 

sheep 

.  186 

for  sitfasts 

.  107 

dogs 

.  148 

sulphuric  acid 

, 

.  108 

for  poultry    . 

.  162 

tar 

.  108 

for  thrush     . 

, 

.  108 

Rabbits,  medicines  for 

.  163 

verdigris 

.  109 

Radley's  oils 

.    88 

for  vivas 

, 

.  109 

Red  water  drencli           c. 

19,  s.  137 

warts     . 

.  109 

Resolvent  ointment 

.  107 

Opiate  electuary  . 

• 

.    61 

Rheumatic  drench 
Rinderpest,  treatment  of 

c.  117 
.  125 

Paetueition,  to  promote,  78, 

(i.  155 

Roaring,  ball  for 

.    59 

Paste,  astringent 

, 

.  109 

Rot,  foot              '. 

.  144 

for  broken  knees  . 

.  109 

in  rabbits 

.  163 

styptic 

.  134 

in  sheep 

.  140 

Pectoral  electuary 

.    61 

Roup,  poultry 

.  161 

balls              : 

, 

.    47 

drenches 

.    71 

Saddlk  galls     . 

90, 107 

510 


INDEX. 


Sallenders  ointment    . 
Sandcrack,  composition  for 
Sedative  balls 
aperient 
Setons 


PAGE 
.  106 
.  110 

.    60 

.    60 

36,  c.  134 


Sheep  and  lambs,  medicines      .  136 

drench  for  apoplexy  .        .  139 

braxy     .                .  .  139 

diarrlioea      .       •  .        .  138 

pui'giiig                .  .  136 

for  red-water  .        .  137 

epidemic  distemper  .  138 

sturdy          .  .        .139 

skit       .               .  .138 

ointment  for  scab  .        .  142 

wounds  and  sore  heads        .  144 

caustic          .  .        .  144 

Sitfasts,  ointment  for  .  .  107 

Sneezing  powder  .        .  112 

liquid     .               .  .132 

Sore  backs,  ointment  .  103,  107 

Softenin;^  ointment     .  .  107 

Spice,  cow            .  .        .  124 

horse     .               .  .63 

Stamford's  oils    .  .        .    88 

Staggers,  stomach        .  .75 

Stiraalating  drench  .        .    71 

Stomachic  bills            .  .     56 

Stone,  styptic      .  .        .     96 

wounds .               .  .97 

mirabillis      .  .        .    96 

divine                    .  .     96 

Strains,  lotions  for  90,  c.  129 

Strangury,  drench  for  c.  117 

Sturdy,  d'rink  for  .        .  139 

Styptic  stone               .  .    96 

powder         .  .        .  112 

paste                     .  c.  134 

Sulphuric  acid  ointment    .        .  108 

caustic                  .  .    93 

Sulphate  of  copper  liniment      .     98 

balls,  see  Farcy  balls. 

Tab  ointment     .  .        .  108 
Thriving  powder        .  c.  128,  sio.  147 

Thrush,  ointment  for  .        .  108 
Tincture  of  aloes  and  myrrh      .     80 


PAGE 

Tincture,  anodyne  .        .80 

of  cantliar'ides  .  .    97 

colic  .  .        .    80 

of  croton  .  .    80 

euphorbium  .  .        .    97 

alkaline  .  .    97 

foxglove        .  .        .    80 

gripe      .  .  .80 

myrrh  and  aloes  .  SO 

opium,  ethereal  .  76 — 80 

of  pimento   .  .        .    80 

styptic  .  .  .97 

Tonic  balls  .  .        .    57 

drenches  .  .  115 

electuary      .  .        .    62 

Turpentine  liniment  .    87 

ointment       .  .        .  108 

Ulcers,  lotions  for  .    92,  93,  s.  144 
ointments    .       101,  102,  c.  133 

Vetkrinary  Materia  Medical — 43 
formulae  .  44 — 163 

Verdigris  ointment  .        .  109 

liniment  .  .    97 

Vermin,  to  destroy      92,  c.  132, 

s.  Ill,  (/.  \W,  poultry  163 

Viper,  bites  of     .  .      c.  124 

Vitus's  (St.)  dance      .  </.  155 

Ward's  white  oils  .        .    87 

Warts,  ointment  for     .  .  109 

Washes  .  .      89—92 

black  and  yellow  .  .    92 

mercurial      .  .        .    92 

various,  see  Lotions. 
Waters,  eye,  see  Collyria. 
White's  solution  of  potash         .  128 
■Wliite  egg  oils     .  .        .    87 

Worms,  balls  for  .        58, ./.  153 

Wounds,  applications  to     .  Ill, 
&c.,  see  Ointments  and  Lotions. 

Yellows,  or  jaundice       .      c.  116 
Yew,  poisoning  by       .  .    78 

Zinc  and  valerian  balls     .        .    60 


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(JOULEE's  Anatomical  Atlas.    13  parts,  each 2  50 


6  LINDSAY   &    BLAKISTON'S 


PHYSIOLOGY. 

Sanderson',  Foster,  Klei:^,  and  Bkunton's  Phy- 
siological Text-Book.    350  illustrations.    Cloth, 

6.0U;  Leather 7  00 

Marshall's  Physiological  Diagrams.     11  maps, 

life-size,  colored  and  mounted 80  00 

Reese's  Analysis  of  Physiology.    Second  Edition,  150 

Ott's  Physiological  Action  of  Medicines 2  00 

Beale  on  Disease  Germs.    Second  Edition 4  00 

Beale  on  Bioplasm,  or  Physiology  of  Life 3  00 

Beale  on  Protoplasm,  or  Matter  and  Life.    3d  Ed.  4  00 
Carpentek's  Human   Physiology.     Eighth  Edi- 
tion, by  Power 5  50 

"ViECHOW's  Cellular  Pathology.    144  illustrations...  5  00 

ViRCHOW's  Post-Mortem  Examinations 75 

CHEST,  HEAET,  THEOAT,  AND  LUNGS. 

Cohen  on  Inhalation,  its  Therapeutics  and  Prac- 
tice.   Second  Edition.    Cases  and  illustrations....     2  75 

Cohen  on  Croup,  its  Relations  to  Tracheotomy 1  00 

Hayden's  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Aorta.  2  vols., 
1200  pages,  81  illustrations 6  00 

Balfour's  Clinical   Lectures  on  Diseases  of  the 

Heart  and  Aorta.    Illustrations 4  00 

FoTHERGiLL  on  the  Heart  and  its  Diseases 5  00 

Mackenzie's  Growths  in  the  Larynx.  Colored 
and  other  illustrations 2  50 

Mackenzie's  Pharmacopoeia  for  Diseases  of  the 

Throat.    Third  Edition 1  25 

Thojiowgood's  Notes  on  Asthma.    Second  Edition,  1  50 

Sansom's  Physical  Diagnosis  Diseases  of  the  Heart,  1  50 

Stokes  on  the  Heart  and  Aorta 3  00 

Gheenhow  on  Chronic  Bronchitis 1  50 

Waters  on  Diseases  of  the  Chest.    Second  Edition, 

revised,  with  illustrations 4  00 

Baeth  &  Rogers' Auscultation  and  Percussion...  1  00 

Thornton  on  Tracheotomy,  with  illustrations 1  "5 

DoBELL  on  Winter  Cough,  Catarrh, Bronchitis,  &c. 

Third  Edition 3  00 

Ruppaner's  Laryngoscopy  and  Rhinoscopy.    59 

illustrations 1  50 

Thompson  on  Colds  and  Coughs 60 

Ferber's  Dissected  Diagram  of  the  Thorax.   Small 

4to 2  25 


PUBLICATIONS. 


GENERATIVE  AND  URINARY  ORGANS, 
KIDNEYS,  LIVER,  &c. 
Harley  od  Urine  and  Its  Derangements.    Second 

Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Preparing. 
ArTON  on  the  Reproductive  Organs.    Fourth  Ed...     2  50 
Black's  Functional  Diseases  of  the  Renal,  Uri- 
nary and  Reproductive  Organs 2  00 

Black  on  Bright's  Disease.    Illustrations 150 

Gants' Diseases  of  the  Bladder,  Prostate  Gland,  &c. 
20  illustrations.    Fourth  Edition 3  50 

Tyson's  Examination  of  the  Urine.    Illustrations,    150 
Thudicum  on   the  Pathology  of   the    Urine,  its 

Analysis,  &c 5  oo 

Legg's  Examination  of  the  Urine.  Fourth  Edition,        75 

Thompsok's  Preventive  Treatment  of  Calculus 
Diseases j  00 

DuRKEE  on  Gonorrhoea  and  Syphilis.  Colored 
plates.    SlxthEdition 3  50 

Buzzard  on  Syphilitic  Nervous  Affections 1  7,5 

Lewin  on  the  Treatpjeut  of  Syphilis.    Plates 150 

Greenhow  on  Addison's  Disease.  Colored  plates,  3  00 
Beale  on  Kidney  Diseases,  Hrinary  Deposits,  and 

Calculous  Disorders.    41o  illustrations 10  00 

Basham's  Diagnosis  of  Kidney  Diseases.    GO  ills...  2  00 

Ward  on  the  Liver  and  Intestinal  Canal 2  50 

Habershon  on  the  Liver..™ 1  50 

DISEASES  OP  THE  EYE  AND  EAR. 

Sollberg  Wells  on  the  Eye.  Third  London  Ed. 
With  ophthalmoscopic  plates,  numerous  engrav- 
ings, Ac.    Cloth,  5.00;  Leather _ 6  00 

Walton's  Diseases  of  the  Eye.  Third  Edition,  en- 
larged, over  300  Illustrations 9  00 

Macnamara's  Manual  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye.    3d 

Edition,  many  illustrations 4  00 

L.iwsoN's  Diseasps  and  Injuries  of  the  Eye.  uius.,  2  00 
LlEBRlCH's  Ophthalmoscopic  Atlas.  4to,  col'd  pl'ts^  15  00 
Fenner  on  Vision,  its  Optical  Defects,  <tc.    74  ills.    3  50 

DixON'sGulde  to  the  Diseases  of  the  Eye 2  00 

Daley's  Diseases  and  Injuries  of  the  Ear.  With  21 
illustrations 1  50 

Toynbee  on  the  Ear,  by  Hinton.    Illustrated 5  00 

Jones' Aural  Surgery.    Illustrated.    12uio„ 1  aO 


8  LINDSAY   &    BLAKISTON'S 

CHEMISTRY,  PHAEMACT,  BOTANY. 
Sutton's  Systematic   Hand-Book  of    Volumetric 

Analysis.    Third  Edition.    7-1  Illustrations 5  nO 

Bloxam's  Chemistry,  Inorganic  and  Organic. 

Ed.    276  illustrations.    Cloth 4  00 

Bloxam's  Laboratory  Teaching.   Third  Ed.   89  ills.    2  00 

Kollmkyer's  Chirmia  Coartata,  a  Key  to  Modern 
Chemistry 2  25 

Frankland's  How  to  Teach  Chemistry.    Illust'd,  125 

VACHER'sPrimerof  Chemistry.  Includ.  Analysis...  50 
HARDWicH's.t  D.AWsoN'sPhotographicChetuistiy. 

Eighth  Edition 2  GO 

Bernay's  Notes  on  Chemistry 1  25 

SwERlNGF.N's  Pharmaceutical  Lexicon.    A  Liction- 

ary  of  Pharmaceutical  Science.  Cloth,  S3  ;  Leath.  4  00 

Cooley's  Cyclopedia  of  Practical  Receipts.   5th  Ed.  10  00 

Branston's  Hand-Book  of  Practical  Receipts 1  50 

Beasley's  Druggists'  General  Receipt- Book.  7th  Ed.    2  50 

Bentley  &  Trimen's  Medicinal  Plants.  To  be 
completed  in  40  parts,  34  parts  now  ready.  8  col- 
ored platos  in  each.    Price 2  00 

Darlington's  Flora  Cestrica,  with  Glossary,  &c 2  25 

FowNE's  Chemistry.     12th  Edition.    2  vols 7  00 

Tidy's  Hand-Book  of  Modern  Chemistry.    8vo 

DENTISTRY. 
Harris'  Principles  and    Practice    of  Dentistry. 
Tenth  Revised  Edition.    400  illustrations.  Cloth, 
6.50;  Leather 7  50 

Harris'  Dictionary  of  Medical  Terminology,  Den- 
tal Surgery,  &c.     Fourth  Edition.     Cloth G  50 

Heath  on  the  Injuries  and  Diseases  of  the  Jaws....  5  00 

Coles  on  Dental  Mechanics.    140  illustrations 2  00 

Leber  &  Rottenstein  onDental  Caries.  With  ills.  I  25 
Richardson's  Practical  Treatise  on  Mechanical 
Dentistry.    Second  Edition,  enlarged.    Over  150 

illustrations.    Cloth,  S4.00  ;  Leather 4  50 

Taft's  Practical  Treatise  on  Operative  Dentistry. 

Third   Edition.     128  illustrations.     Cloth, 4  25 

Tome.s'  Dental  Surgery.    Second  Edition,  revised 

and  enlarged.    263  illustrations 5  00 

Tomes'  Dental  Anatomy  and  Physiology.  179  ills.  3  50 

Handy's  Text-Book  of  Anatomy.    312  illus 3  00 


PUBLICATIONS. 


Wedl's  Pathology  of  the  Teeth.  Their  Anatoiriy 
and  Physiology.  105  illustrations.  Cloth,  3<50; 
Leather 4  oO 

Fox  oil  the  Human  Teeth.    250  illustrations 4  OC 

Sewill's  Students'  Guide  to  Dental  Anatomy,  Sur- 
gery, and  Extraction  of  Teeth.     77  illustrations...     1  ou 

Stocken's  Materia  Medieu.    2d  Edition.  Timo 

THE  MIOEOSCOPE. 

Wythe's  Microscopists'  Manual  and  Text-Book. 

Third  Edition.    205  illustrations 4  50 

C.^rpenter's  Microscope  and  its  Revelations.  Fifth 

Edition.    475  illustrations 5  50 

BEALE'sJIicroscope.n  Practical  Medicine.  Fourth 
Edition.    500  illustrations 8  00 

M.\cdonald's  Microscopical  Examination  of  Drink- 
ing Water.    Plates,  etc 3  00 

Martin's  Microscopic  Mounting.  100  illustrations,    3  00 
Butherford's  Practical  Histology.    Second  Edi- 
tion.   S3  illustrations 2  00 

PSTOHOLOGIOAL,  FORENSIC  MEDICINE, 
TOXICOLOGY,  &c. 

Woodman  &  Tidv's  Text-Book  of  Forensic  Medi- 
cine and  Toxicology.    Numerous  illustrations 7  50 

BucKNiLL  &  Tuke's  Psychological  Medicine.  Third 
Edition, much  enlarged.  Numerous  illustrations,    8  00 

Browne's  Medical  Jurisprudence  of  Insanity.  Sec- 
ond Edition 5  00 

SiiEPPARD  on  Madness.    Octavo 2  50 

Elam,  Cerebria  and  other  Diseases  of  the  Brain 2  50 

Van  Der  Kolk's  Pathology  and  Therapeutics  of 
Mental  Diseases 3  00 

Ogston's  Lectures  on  Medical  .Turisprudence.     8vo.  6  00 

Sankey's  Lectures  ou  Mental  Diseases 3  25 

Tanner's  Memoranda  of  Poisons.    A  new  enlarged 

Edition 75 

ELECTKICITT. 
Tibbitt's  Hand-Book  of  Medical  Electricity.    64 

illustrations 1  50 

KEYNOLDS' Clinical  uses  of  Electricity.    2d  Ed 100 

Althaus'   Electricitv,   Theoretical   and   Practical. 

Third  Edition.     146  illu.strations 8  00 

Duchene's  Localized  Electricity.    lUust.    8vo 3  00 


10  LINDSAY  &    BLAKISTON'S 

SKIN  AND  HAIR.  ~ 

Fox's  Atlas  of  Skin  Diseases.  72  large  folio  colored 
plates.  With  descriptive  text  notes,  &c.  Complete 
in  eighteen  parts,  each  2.00;  or  1  vol.,  cloth 30  00 

Anderson  on  Eczema.     Third  Revised  Edition...    2  75 
Wilson  on  the  Preservation  and  Management  of 
the  Skin  and  Hair 1  00 

Cottle   on  the  Hair  in  Health  and  Disease 75 

Godfrey  on  the  Diseases  of  the  Hair 

HYGIENE  AND  POPULAR  MEDICINE. 
Benxett  on  Nutrition  in  Health    and  Disease. 
Third  Edition 2  50 

Birch  on  Constipated  Bowels.    Causes  and  Means 
•  of  Cure.    ThirdEdition 100 

CHAVASSEon  the  Mental  Culture  and  Training 
of  Children 1  00 

Day,  Headaches,  their  Causes,  Nature,  and  Treat- 
ment.    2d  Edition 2  00 

Savory's  Compendium  of  Domestic  Medicine 50 

HuFELAND's  Art  of  Prolonging  Life.  Edited  by- 
Erasmus  Wilson,  M.D.,  F.R.S 1  00 

.Tones'  Defects  of  Sight  and  Hearing.    Third  Ed....  50 

Leared  on  Imperfect  Digestion.     Fifth  Edition 175 

LiZARS  on  the  Use  and  Abuse  of  Tobacco 50 

Madden's  Principal  Health  Resorts  of  Europe  and 
Africa 2  50 

Miller  on  Alcohol.    Its  Use  and  Abuse 50 

Miller  on  Alcohol,  and  Lizar's  on  Tobacco.  One 
volume... 1  00 

Cottle,  The  Hair  in  Health  and  Disease 75 

Parke's  Manual  of  Practical  Hygiene.  Fifth  Edi- 
tion.   Illustrations G  00 

Ryan's    Philosophy   of   IMarriage.      In   its  Social, 

Moral,  and  Physical  Relations.     12nio 1  00 

Smith's  Lectures  on  Nursing.     2G  engravings 2  25 

Wilson  on  the  Skin  and  Hair.  Their  Preserva- 
tion, &c.     Eighth  Edition 1  00 

Wilson's  Hygiene  and  Sanitary  Science.     Third 

Edition.     Illustrated 3  00 

Walker  on  Intermarriage.'  With  illus'us.     12mo,     1  00 

Wright  on  Headaches.    Their  Causes  and  Cure 50 

Wilson's  Domestic  Hygiene 

Thompson  on  Colds  and  Coughs GO 

Domville's  Hospital  Nurses 1  00 


PUBLICATIONS.  11 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Adams  on  Club-Foot.     Enlarged  Edition,  illust'd,  6  01) 
ADAMSon  RheumaticGout.  Second  Edition.  With 

a  4to  Atlas  of  ri.ites.    2  vols 8  50 

Ali.ingham  on  the  Rectum.    Second  Edition 2  00 

Anstie  on  Stimulants  and  Narcotics, 3  00 

Arnott  on  Cancer,  its  Varieties,  Ac.  IIlustr.Tfions,  2  25 

Basham  on  Dropsy.    Si.xteen  plates.    Octavo '  6  00 

Brodhurst  on  Deformities.    New  Edition,  illust'd,  GOO 

Carson's  History  University  of  Pennsylvania 2  00 

Clarke's  Diseases  of  the  Tongue 5  OO 

CLEvuLAND'sPronouncins;  Medical  Lexicon.    19th 

Edition.     Cloth,  1.00;  Tucks 1  25 

CoBBoLD  on  Worms 2  00 

Curling  on  the  Rectum.    Fourth  Edition 2  75 

Day  on  Headaches.    2d  Edition 2  00 

DuNGLisoN's  Historv  of  Medicine 2  50 

DuNGLisoN's  Practitioners'  Reference  Book 3  50 

Flint  on  Continued  Fevers.     164  Cases.    Octavo...  2  00 

Gros.s's  American  Medical  Biography 3  50 

Holden  on  the  Sphygmograph.     300  illustrations,  2  00 

ViRCHOW  on  Post-Mortem  E.xaminations.     lOmo...  75 

LiVEiNG  on  Megrim,  Sick-Headache,  &c 6  00 

Marsden's  New  Mode  of  Treating  Cancer.    Col- 
ored plates 3  50 

Mayne's  Medical  Vocabulary.    Fourth  Edition 3  00 

Mendenhall's  Manual  of  Examinations  in  Every 

Branch  of  Medicine,  Surgery,  &c.    224ills 2  00 

Overman's  Practical  Mineralogy,  Assaying,  Ac...  1  00 

PiGGOTTon  Copper  Mining,  Copper  Ore,  &c 1  00 

Prince's  Galvano-Therapeutics 1  26 

Prince's  Plastic  and  Orthopedic  Surgerv.    Illust.,  4.50 

Radcliff  on  Epilepsy,  Pain,  Paraly.sis,  &c.    Illus..  150 

RiiiL  and  O'Connor's  Physician's  Account  Book..  7  50 

SlEVEKiNG  on  Life  Assurance 2  25 

STiLLE'sCerebro-Spinal  Meningitis.    Octavo 2  00 

Sansom  on  Chloroform,  its  Action  and  Adminis- 
tration   1  50 

Sydenham's  Society's  Publications.     New  series. 

(See  page  2.)    Per  annum 10  00 

SydenhamReportson  the  Progressof  Medicine,  Ac,  2  00 

The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Reports.    2  vols., each  2  00 
The  Physician's  Visiting  List.    Various  sizes  and 

prices.    (See  page  2.) 
Transactions  College  of  Physicians.    New  series. 

Vols.l,  2.  and  •!■     Each  volume 2  80 

TuRNBULL  on  Anaesthesia.  Paper,  .75  ;  cloth 1  oo 

Wilkes'  Nervous  Diseases 5  00 


IMPORTANT  NEW  ILLUSTRATED  WOEKS. 

Braune's  Atlas  of  Topographical  Anatomy.  After 
Plane  Sections  of  Frozen  Bodies,  containing 
34  full-page  photographic  plates  and  numerous 
other  jUustrations  on  wood.  Translated  and  ed- 
ited by  Edward  Bellamy,  F.R.C.S.,  Lecturer  on 
Anatomy  and  Teacher  of  Operative  Surgery, 
Charing  Cross  Hospital.  A  large  quarto  volume. 
Cloth,  12.00;  Half  Morocco, 14  00 

Savage's  Surgery,  Surgical  Pathology,  and  Surgi- 
cal Anatomy  of  the  Female  PelvicOrgans,  in  a 
series  of  colored  plates,  taken  from  nature,  with 
commentaries,  notes,  and  cases.  Third  Edition, 
greatly  enlarged.    A  quarto  volume 14  00 

Fox's  Atlas  of  Skin  Diseases.  Complete  in  18 
parts,  each  containing  four  chrorao-lithographie 
plates  and  numerous  figures,  with  descriptive 
text  and  notes  upon  treatment.  Royal  4to.  Price 
of  each  part,  2.00;  bound  in  Cloth 30  00 

Heath's  Operative  Surgery.  With  plates  drawn 
from  nature,  and  colored  by  hand.  Each  partcon- 
taining  four  plates,  and  numerous  figures.  Im- 
perial Quarto.  Complete  in  five  parts,  each  2.50; 
in  Cloth 14  00 

Hutchinson's  Illustrations  of  Clinical  Surgery. 
Consisting  of  plates,  photographs,  wood-cuts,  dia- 
grams, &c.,  illustrating  surgical  diseases,  symp- 
toms, and  accidents  ;  also,  operations  and  other 
methods  of  treatment.  With  descriptive  letter- 
press, (fee.  In  quarterly  fasciculi.  Imperial  4to. 
Ten  fasciculi  now  ready.   Eacli 2  50 

Bentley  &  Trimen's  Medicinal  Plants.  Being  de- 
scriptions, with  original  figures,  of  the  principal 
plants  employed  in  medicine,  and  an  account  of 
their  properties  and  uses.  To  be  completed  in 
about  Forty  monthly  parts.  With  colored  illus- 
trations, natural  size.  Large  8vo.  Thirty-lour 
parts  now  ready.    Each 2  00 

Godlee's  Anatomical  Atlas.  To  be  completed  in  12 
or  13  folio  parts,  with  references.  &c.  4  plates  in 
each.     Four  ready.     Price  per  part 2  50 

Subscriptions  received  by  the  Publishers  to  be  delwered  or 
sent  free  by  mail  or  express.  Full  Piospectuses  furnished  on 
application.  GOOD  CANVASSING  AGENTS  are  wanted 
for  these  and  other  important  Medical  Works  noic  in  course  of 
ptiblieation. 

UNDSAY  &  BLAKISTON,  Publishers, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


^ 


